music therapy today (magazin): therapeutic usefulness of music - volume vii, issue 1 (march 2006)

8/13/2019 Music Therapy Today (Magazin): Therapeutic Usefulness of Music - Volume VII, Issue 1 (March 2006)

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Nusbh Wlkrdpy W gdy

d qudrtkriy o`urmdi `f stugbks bm nusbh dmgnusbh tlkrdpy fr`n tlk Hldbr `f TudibtdtbvkSkskdrhl bm Nkgbhbmk

Gdvbg Digrbgak & Ora Fdhlmkr (kgs.)

Hldbr `f Tudibtdtbvk Skskdrhl bm Nkgbhbmk

Uucibslkg cy NusbhWlkrdpyQ rig.mkt[mbvkrsbtyQbttkm/Lkrgkhjk

Qbttkm, Akrndmy

BXXM 4645-424\

V`iunk VBB, Bssuk 4 (Ndrhl 3556)


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bb

Kgbt`r bm Hlbkf/Uucibslkr

Ur`f. Gr. plbi. Gdvbg Digrbgak

Ndmdabma Kgbt`r

Gr. Ora Fdhlmkr, o`krafEumb-wl.gk

Wrdmsidtb`m dmg kgbt`rbdi dssbstdmhk

Hlrbstbmd Qdamkr, hwdamkrEumb-wl.gk

C``j rkvbkw kgbt`r dmg gbsskrtdtb`ms drhlbvk

Dmmknbkj Vbmj, d.h.vbmjEhdpbt`i`mibmk.mi

@ggs dmg Kmgs, Wlknks dmg Wrkmgs

W`n G`hl, t.g`hlEt-`mibmk.gk

Bmtkrmdtb`mdi h`mtdhts

Gr. Uktrd Jkrm, UKWSDJKSMEpr`gbay.mkt

Xhbkmtbfbh Dgvbs`ry C`drg

Ur`f. Gr. Oddjj` Krjjbi, [mbvkrsbty `f Oyvsjyi, Fbmidmg

Gr. Ldmmk Nkttk Sbggkr, [mbvkrsbty `f Ddic`ra, Gkmndrj

Gr. Augrum Digrbgak, [mbvkrsbty Qbttkm/Lkrgkhjk, AkrndmyNdrh`s Vbgrkt, [mbvkrsbty `f Cukm`s Dbrks, Drakmtbmbd

Gr. H`hldvbt Kikfdmt, Cdr-Bidm [mbvkrsbty, Bsrdki

Ur`f. Gr. Hlkryi Gbik`. Wknpik [mbvkrsbty bm Ulbidgkiplbd, [XD

Ur`f. Gr. Ndrikmk G`cjbm gk Sb`s, [mbvkrsbty f Hdibf`rmbd, Brvbmk,

[XD

Gr. Dikmjd Cdrckr-Jkrs`vdm [mbvkrsbty `f Ldncura, Akrndmy

Ur`f. Gr. Wbd GkM`rd, [mbvkrsbty `f Kxktkr, [J

Gr. Udtrbhbd I. Xdccdtkiid, [mbvkrsbty `f Hdgbz, Xpdbm


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4/289

bv

X`rt Cbàrdply/HV (= 355 Q`rgs)

(`ptb`mdi) Ul`tàrdpl / U`rtrdbt (.opka/.tbff) `r f`t`prbmt skmg cyndbi

L`w t` hbtk dm drtbhik fr`n

NusbhWlkrdpyW gdy.h`n?

Wlkrk drk skvkrdi wdys t` g` bt. W` hbtk ur drtbhiks bm tlk DUD-Xtyik

(Dnkrbhdm Usyhlìàbhdi Dss`hbdtb`m) yù nbalt g` bt ibjk tlbs?

DUD (3554, U. 313)

Drtbhiks bm dm Bmtkrmkt-`miy oùrmdi

Frkgrbhjs`m, C. I. (3555, Ndrhl 1). Huitbvdtbma p`sbtbvk kn`-tb`ms t` ptbnbzk lkditl dmg wkii-ckbma. Urkvkmtb`m & Wrkdtnkmt,8, Drtbhik 5554d. Sktrbkvkg M`vknckr 35, 3555, fr`n lttp?//oùr-mdis.dpd.`ra/prkvkmtb`m/vìunk8/prk5585554d.ltni

Drtbhiks bm dm Bmtkrmkt-`miy oùrmdi, rktrbkvkg vbd fbik trdmsfkr pr`t`-

hì (ftp)

Hr`w, W. O. (3555). Gbg L`n` sdpbkms spkhbdtk `m tlk y hlr`n`-s`nk0 Usyhì`quy, 44. Sktrbkvkg Ndrhl 3;, 3554, fr`n ftp?//ftp.prbmhkt`m.kgu/ldrmdg/Usyhì`quy/3555.vìunk.44/psyh.55.44.554.idmaudak-skx-hlr`n`s`nks.4.hr`w
ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crow


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v

N[XBHWLKSDURW@GDR (LWNI)

Wrdmsfkrrkg `mt` NusbhWlkrdpyW`gdy f`r drtbhiks umtbi kmg `f 3557

(Vì B-V) tlbs wùig i``j ibjk?

Drtbhik (ltni)

Krjjbi, O., Idrtbii`t, @., Iuhj, A., Sbbjjbi, J., W`bvbdbmkm, U.(3557, M`vknckr). Bmtkiibakmt Nusbh Xystkns bm Nusbh Wlkrdpy.NusbhWlkrdpyW`gdy V i. V, Bssuk ; M`vknckr. Sktrbkvkg (bmskrttlk gdy yù ldg fbrst dhhkss t` tlk hbtkg drtbhik ibjk M`vknckr37, 3557) fr`nlttp?//www.nusbhtlkrdpyw`rig.mkt/n`guiks/nnndadzbmk/sl`wdrtbhik.plp0drtbhikt`sl`w>433&idmaudak>km

`r yù nbalt ibjk t` typk

Sktrbkvkg (bmskrt tlk gdy yù ldg fbrst dhhkss t` tlk hbtkg drtbhikibjk M`vknckr 37, 3557) fr`nlttp?//www.nusbhtlkrdpyt`-gdy.h`n

Digrbgak, G. (3558 Fkcrudry) Nusbh tlkrdpy dmg spbrbtudibty: Dtrdmshkmgkmtdi umgkrstdmgbma `f suffkrbma. NusbhWlkrdpyW`gdyVì. BV, Bssuk 4 Fkcrudry. Sktrbkvkg (bmskrt tlk gdy yù ldg fbrstdhhkss t` tlk hbtkg drtbhik ibjk M`vknckr 37, 3557) fr`n lttp?//www.nusbhtlkrdpyw`rig.mkt/n`guiks/nnndadzbmk/sl`wdrtb-hik.plp0drtbhikt`sl`w>7;&idmaudak>km

`r yù nbalt ibjk t` typk
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vb

Sktrbkvkg (bmskrt tlk gdy y`u ldg fbrst dhhkss t` tlk hbtkg drtbhikibjk M`vknckr 37, 3557) fr`n lttp?//www.nusbhtlkrdpyt`-gdy.h`n

DSWBHIK (UGF)

UGF drtbhiks hdm ck hbtkg wbtl pdaks.

Did-Su`md, K. (355;, Odmudry 3


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vbb

Nusbh Wlkrdpy W`gdy b

Wdcik `f h`mtkmts vbb

Kgbt`rbdi 4Digrbgak, G. & Fdhlmkr, O. 4

Kffkhts `f nusbh tlkrdpy dmg h`umskiibma? D hdsk `f stdtk dmxbkty `fd Hd Lyp` Uldrymx pdtbkmt 412
http://www.virginia.edu/psychology/people/detail.php?id=179http://www.virginia.edu/psychology/people/detail.php?id=179


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Fumhtb`mdi n`rplìày `f Sbhldrgs`m's arùmg squbrrki, Xpkrn`plbius

@ggs dmg kmgs - tlknks dmg trkmgs 418

Fumhtb`mdi n`rplìày `f Sbhldrgs`m's arùmg

squbrrki, Xpkrn`plbius rbhldrgs`mbb, didrn hdiis? tlknkdmbma `f hlbrps, wlbstiks dmg hluhjs

Cy Okmmbfkr I. Xi`dm, Gdvbg S. Qbis`m dmg Odnks F. Ldrk,

Xùrhk? www.shbkmhkgbrkht.h`n/7. @ht`ckr 355;

Dmbndi Ckldvbùr Vìunk 15, Bssuk 7 , @ht`ckr 355;, Udaks 281-277

g`b?45.4546/o.dmckldv.355;.54.548

H`pyrbalt 355;

Skpktbtbvk didrn v`hdibzdtb`ms `f Sbhldrgs`m's arùmg squbrrkis vdry bm

tkrns f tlk dhùstbh struhturk f tlkbr prbndry syiidciks dmg tlk bmhiusb`m

`f crbkf, i`wkr-dnpibtugk, frkqukmhy-n`guidtkg trdbibma kiknkmts wk

tkrn hluhjs.

Hluhjs drk bmhiugkg bm hdiis `f c`tl ndiks dmg fkndiks dmg bmhrkdsk bmprkvdikmhk wbtl tlk pr`xbnbty `f tlk hdiikr t` tlk didrn-kv`jbma stbnu-

ius.

Furtlkrn`rk, hluhj prkskmhk bs m`t bmgkpkmgkmt f prbndry syiidcik typk?

hluhjs fìi`w prbndry syiidciks tldt ldvk h`mstdmt frkqukmhy dmg gbnbm-

bslbma dnpibtugk (wlbstik), cut g` m`t trdbi prbndry syiidciks wbtl

gbnbmbslbma frkqukmhy dmg m`mgkshkmgbma dnpibtugk spkhtrd (hlbrps).

Uidycdhjs t` frkk-ibvbma squbrrkis `f rkpkdtkg didrn hdiis ldvbma wlbstik-

`r hlbrp-ibjk prbndry syiidciks fdht`rbdiiy h`ncbmkg wbtl hluhj prkskmhk

`r dcskmhk rkvkdikg tldt hlbrp-ibjk syiidciks kibhbtkg arkdtkr vbabidmhk

fr`n hdii rkhbpbkmts gurbma sbamdi pr`pdadtb`m.


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X`mbh Hdm`m Abvks Ubrdtks dm Kdrfui


Wlk dggbtb`m `f hluhjs t` tlk kmg `f prbndry syiidciks `f kbtlkr typk,

l`wkvkr, bmhrkdskg bmbtbdi vbabidmhk gurdtb`m dmg tlk pr`p`rtb`m `f tbnk

gkv`tkg t` vbabidmhk gurbma dmg dftkr sbamdi rkhkptb`m.

Hluhjs tlus pr`n`tk bmhrkdskg dmg idstbma vbabidmhk `m tlk pdrt `f hdii

rkhbpbkmts. Cky`mg kmldmhbma vbabidmhk, l`wkvkr, tlk bmhiusb`m `f frk-

qukmhy-n`guidtkg hluhjs dmg hlbrps fdhbibtdtks tlk `rbkmtdtb`m `f rkhkbv-

krs t` tlk sbamdiikr.

Nuitbpik dhùstbh pdrdnktkrs `f Sbhldrgs`m's arùmg squbrrki didrn

v`hdibzdtb`ms tlus bmtkrdht t` h`nnumbhdtk bmf`rndtb`m rkadrgbma skvkrdi

dspkhts f d prkgdt`r kmhùmtkr.

Skhkbvkrs usk tlbs bmf`rndtb`m t` tlkbr dgvdmtdak, dff`rgbma arkdtkr dttkm-

tb`m t` hdiis tldt wùig ck n`rk rkdgbiy i`hdtkg cy prkgdt`rs, dmg lkmhk

drk n`rk h`stiy f`r sbamdiikrs t` pr`guhk.

H`rrksp`mgkmhk?

O. F. Ldrk, Kndbi? ldrkofEhh.undmbt`cd.hd

@[WG@@SIBMJX? O. F. Ldrk

lttp?//undmbt`cd.hd/fdhuitbks/shbkmhk/z`ìày/stdffpdaks/ldrk.ltni


Wlk Qkdp`m `f Xùmg

Cy Ndrh` Kvkrs
http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/staffpages/hare.htmlhttp://umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/staffpages/hare.html


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@ggs dmg kmgs - tlknks dmg trkmgs 41;

X`urhk? Ndrh` Kvkrs/skrvbhk.spbkaki.gk/ M`vknckr 4;, 355;

lttp?//skrvbhk.spbkaki.gk/hdhlk/bmtkrmdtb`mdi/spbkaki/

5,4;4


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[mtbi m`w, bt wdsm't wbgkiy jm`wm tldt tlk [X Gkfkmsk Gkpdrtnkmt wds

sldrbma tlk s`-hdiikg I`ma Sdmak Dhùstbh Gkvbhk (ISDG) wbtl h`n-

nkrhbdi hrubsk slbps. Wlk wkdp`m bs ksskmtbdiiy d sndii gbsl tldt ckdnslkiibsliy iùg m`bsk tldt bs gkdfkmbma cut m`t iktldi. Qkbalbma 35 jbi`-

ardns dmg ds cba ds d WV sdtkiibtk gbsl, tlk gkvbhk i``js gkhkptbvkiy

ldrnikss. Cut `mhk trdbmkg `m bts tdrakt, bt cidsts d tbalt ckdn `f pdbmfui

sbrkm-ibjk sùmg.

Bt's m`t jm`wm l`w tlk arbmmbma pbrdtks 465 jbi`nktkrs `ff tlk h`dst `f

tlk L`rm `f Dfrbhd rkdhtkg ds tlky suggkmiy wkrk lbt cy tlk ISDG. Cut

tlky wkrk hi`sk, dmg tlk hi`skr `mk bs t` tlk s`mbh hdmm`m, tlk w`rsk tlk

kffkht bs. Bt's p`ssbcik tlky rkhkbvkg pkrndmkmt lkdrbma gdndak, cut dt tlk

vkry ikdst tlky kxpkrbkmhkg dm kxhruhbdtbma lkdgdhlk dmg kdr pdbm t` tlk

p`bmt tldt tlky hùig m` i`makr skk `r lkdr. Wlky dis` qubhjiy i`st tlk

gksbrk t` c`drg tlk slbp. @f hùrsk, kvkm Hdptdbm Cidhjckdrg wùig ldvk

qubhjiy skt sdbi wlkm h`mfr`mtkg wbtl 4;5 gkhbckis `f purk m`bsk.

Bt dppkdrs tlk sndii gbsl pr`vkg bmstrunkmtdi bm shdrbma `ff tlk dttdhjkrs,

ditlùal Hdptdbm Ukgkrskm, grksskg bm lbs cdtlr`ck, t``j t` tlk lkin dmg

ckadm ndmkuvkrbma t` hrkdtk gdmakrùs wdvks wbtl tlk slbp's wdjk. Lk

dis` dttknptkg t` rdn tlk pbrdtks, cut wds umdcik t` lbt tlk sndiikr n`t`r

c`dts. Wlk crdvk Aurjld hdnk umgkr fbrk dmg wds ibaltiy bmourkg fr`n

spibmtkrs, cut lk h`mtbmukg lbs s`mbh cidsts. Kvkmtudiiy, tlk Xkdcùrm

Xpbrbt, kmabmks dt fuii spkkg, ikft tlk X`ndibs cklbmg. Qlkm tlk slbp

g`hjkg bm tlk Xkyhlkiiks, tlk pdsskmakrs hkikcrdtkg tlk hdptdbm ds bf lk

wkrk I`rg Mkis`m lbnskif.

Wlk I`ma Sdmak Dhùstbh Gkvbhk fr`n tlk Hdibf`rmbd-cdskg Dnkrbhdm

Wkhlmìày H`rp`rdtb`m.


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H`mfkrkmhk? Nusbh dmg H`mshbùsmkss


Wlk ISDG wds gksbamkg cy d sndii Xdm Gbka`, Hdibf`rmbd fbrn hdiikg

Dnkrbhdm Wkhlmìày H`rp`rdtb`m. Wlk h`npdmy lds sìg tlùsdmgs `f

tlk dhùstbh hdmm`m sbmhk 3558, bmhiugbma idrak `rgkrs t` tlk [X DrnkgF`rhks. Fìi`wbma tlk di-Tdbgd dttdhj `m tlk [XX Hìk bm @ht`ckr 3555

tldt jbiikg 41 sdbi`rs, tlk Ukmtda`m wdmtkg d m`m-iktldi wkdp`m t` gkfkmg

bts slbps tldt wùigm't mkhkssdrbiy jbii p`tkmtbdi dttdhjkrs.

Drùmg 855 ISDGs drk bm hurrkmtiy bm usk bm Brdq. Wlk [X Drny kvkm

usks tlk s`mbh hdmm`ms t` hikdr lùsks dhùstbhdiiy. Wlk gbsl hdm kvkm ck

uskg ds d supkr nkadpl`mk -- kmdcibma sìgbkrs t` wdrm grbvkrs `vkr 855

nktkrs dlkdg f hlkhjp`bmts.

Skhàmbzbma tlk p`tkmtbdi, pìbhk bm Mkw R`rj dmg C`st`m ldvk dis` pur-

hldskg d fkw `f tlk $85,555 gkvbhks. X` t``, `f hùrsk, ldvk Dnkrbhdm

dmg Crbtbsl hrubsk ibmks. Cksbgks tlk Xkdcùrm Xpbrbt, tlk w`rig's idrakst

hrubsk slbp, tlk "Tukkm Ndry 3", bs dcik t` abvk pbrdtks dm kdrfui.

@[WG@@SIBMJX? ISDG - Wlk Xùmg `f F`rhk Ur`tkhtb`m

lttp?//www.dthsg.h`n/irdg.ltni


41-42 Ouiy 3556, [mbvkrsbty `f Xlkffbkig, [J

Xùrhk? lttp?//www.slkf.dh.uj/nusbh/stdff/dhdgknbh/krbh-hidrjk/ksh`n

Wlk idst 45 ykdrs `r s` ldvk skkm tlk knkrakmhk `f h`mshbùsmkss stugbks

ds d nuitb-gbshbpibmdry fbkig `f bmqubry, pdrtiy grbvkm cy rdpbg gkvki`p-
http://www.atcsd.com/lrad.htmlhttp://www.shef.ac.uk/music/staff/academic/eric-clarke/escomhttp://www.shef.ac.uk/music/staff/academic/eric-clarke/escomhttp://www.atcsd.com/lrad.html


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DWU Xbamdibma Bs Hruhbdi f`r H`nnumbhdtb`m fr`n Wdstk Cugs t` Austd-

t`ry Mkrvks

Cy Wl`nds K. Fbmakr, Vbhjt`rbd Gdmbi`vd, Okmmkii Cdrr`ws, Gbdmmd I.

Cdrtki, Dibs`m O. Vbakrs, Iksibk Xt`mk, A`rdm Lkiikjdmt, Xuk H. Jbmmd-

n`m

X`urhk? www.shbkmhknda.`ra/3 Gkhknckr 355;

lttp?//www.shbkmhknda. ra/hab/h`mtkmt/sl rt/845/;1;8/472;

V`i. 845. m`. ;1;8, pp. 472; 4722/G@B? 45.4436/shbkmhk.444


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Ck d r`hj stdr. Uidy tlk Vbrtudi Dbr Aubtdr


Akmktbh kibnbmdtb`m `f b`m`tr`pbh purbmkrabh rkhkpt`rs (U3\3 dmg U3\8)

kibnbmdtks tdstk rksp`msks bm tlk tdstk mkrvks, ditlùal tlk mkrvks rkndbm

rksp`msbvk t` tùhl, tknpkrdturk, dmg nkmtlì.

Xbnbidriy, U3\-jm`hjùt nbhk sl`w arkdtiy rkguhkg ckldvb`rdi

rksp`msks t` swkktkmkrs, aiutdndtk, dmg cbttkr sucstdmhks.

Fbmdiiy, stbnuidtb`m `f tdstk cugs bm vbtr` kv`jks rkikdsk `f DWU.

Wlus, DWU fuifbis tlk hrbtkrbd f`r d mkur`trdmsnbttkr ibmjbma tdstk cugs t`

tlk mkrvùs systkn.

W` wl`n h`rrksp`mgkmhk slùig ck dggrksskg.

Xuk H. Jbmmdn`m K-ndbi? suk.jbmmdn`mEhì`stdtk.kgu

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Wl`nds K. Fbmakr

lttp?//www.uhlsh.kgu/hgc/fdhuity/fbmakr.ltn

Xuk H. Jbmmdn`m

lttp?//www.hvncs.hì`stdtk.kgu/cns/jbmmdn`m.ltn


Xùrhk? lttp?//dbraubtdr.tni.lut.fb/

Wlk Vbrtudi Dbr Aubtdr bs d mkw wdy `f kxpkrbkmhbma nusbh.

Bt bs dm bmstrunkmt ibtkrdiiy pidykg bm tlk dbr? m` strbmas, m` jkys, oust yù,

frkk t` pkrf`rn.
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Uidybma dbr aubtdr bs ibjk pidybma r`hj aubtdr, `miy wbtlùt tlk aubtdr `r

dmy nusbhdi sjbiis.

Bt bs d wbig sl`w, bt bs ikttbma a`, bt bs tlk ksskmhk `f tlk r`hj dttbtugk.

Cut up umtbi m`w, dbr aubtdrbsts ldvk ckkm ibnbtkg t` pidybma di`ma kxbst-

bma nusbh.

Wlk Vbrtudi Dbr Aubtdr hldmaks dii tlbs.

Bt bs dm kmtkrtdbmnkmt gkvbhk tldt yù hdm ikdrm t` usk bmstdmtiy - m` nusb-

hdi sjbiis rkqubrkg.

Oust wkdr tlk `rdmak ai`vks dmg pidy.

Wlk aubtdr g`ks m`t nkrkiy rksp`mg - yù drk dhtudiiy pidybma bt.

Bt's d mkw wdy `f kxpkrbkmhbma nusbh.

Wlk kxpkrbkmhk bs hurrkmtiy fkdturkg bm tlk Lkurkjd Xhbkmhk Hkmtrk bm

Fbmidmg, dmg lds tùrkg tlk w`rig bm vdrbùs h`mfkrkmhks.

W` rkdg Fuiitkxt, hibhj t` tlk L`nkpdak f Vbrtudi Dbr Aubtdr

lttp?//dbraubtdr.tni.lut.fb/

@[WG@@SIBMJX? L`nkpdak f Vbrtudi Dbr Aubtdr

lttp?//dbraubtdr.tni.lut.fb/
http://airguitar.tml.hut.fi/http://airguitar.tml.hut.fi/http://airguitar.tml.hut.fi/http://airguitar.tml.hut.fi/


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Ndamktbh Sks`mdmhk Bndabma dmg Lkdg Hbrhunfkrkmhk Xtugy `f Crdbm Xbzk bm


Ndamktbh Sks`mdmhk Bndabma dmg Lkdg

Hbrhunfkrkmhk Xtugy `f Crdbm Xbzk bm Dutbsn

Cbrtl Wlrùal Dak 3 Rkdrs

Cy Lkdtlkr H`gy Ldziktt, UlG: Nbhlkik U`k, UlG: Aubg` Akrba, UlG:

Sdhlki Abnpki Xnbtl, CD: Odnks Ur`vkmzdik, NG: Diibs`m S`ss, NG:

O`lm Abin`rk, NG: O`skpl Ubvkm, NG

Xùrhk? drhlpsyh.dnd-dssm.`ra/Vì. 63 M`. 43, Gkhknckr 355;/

355;:63?4866-4816.

lttp?//drhlpsyh.dnd-dssm.`ra/hab/h`mtkmt/dcstrdht/63/43/4866

H`mtkxt

Qlbik tlk mkur`dmdt`nbhdi cdsbs `f dutbsn bs m`t ykt jm`wm, kvbgkmhk

suaaksts tldt crdbm kmidraknkmt ndy ck hldrdhtkrbstbh `f tlbs gbs`rgkr.

Bmfkrkmhks dcùt tlk tbnbma `f crdbm kmidraknkmt ldvk rkhkmtiy h`nk

fr`n stugbks `f lkdg hbrhunfkrkmhk (LH).

@cokhtbvks

W` kxdnbmk crdbm vìunk dmg LH bm bmgbvbgudis wbtl dutbsn ds h`npdrkg

wbtl h`mtrì bmgbvbgudis.

Gksbam

D hr`ss-skhtb`mdi stugy `f crdbm vìunk wds h`mguhtkg dt tlk fbrst tbnk

p`bmt bm dm `ma`bma i`mabtugbmdi ndamktbh rks`mdmhk bndabma stugy `f

crdbm gkvki`pnkmt bm dutbsn. Sktr`spkhtbvk i`mabtugbmdi LH nkdsurk-
http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/62/12/1366http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/62/12/1366


202/289

Ndamktbh Sks`mdmhk Bndabma dmg Lkdg Hbrhunfkrkmhk Xtugy `f Crdbm Xbzk bm


nkmts wkrk adtlkrkg fr`n nkgbhdi rkh`rgs `m d idrakr sdnpik `f bmgbvbg-

udis wbtl dutbsn dmg i`hdi h`mtr`i bmgbvbgudis.

Xkttbma

Hibmbhdi rkskdrhl hkmtkr.

Udrtbhbpdmts

Wlk ndamktbh rks`mdmhk bndabma stugy bmhiugkg ;4 hlbigrkm wbtl dutbsn

dmg 3; h`mtr`i hlbigrkm cktwkkm 4< dmg 8; n`mtls `f dak (tlk idttkr

bmhiugkg c`tl gkvki`pnkmtdiiy gkidykg dmg typbhdiiy gkvki`pbma hlbi-

grkm). Sktr`spkhtbvk, i`mabtugbmdi LH gdtd wkrk kxdnbmkg fr`n cbrtl t`

dak 8 ykdrs bm 448 hlbigrkm wbtl dutbsn dmg 4


203/289

Sdpbg gkvki`pnkmtdi swbthl bm tlk nkhldmbsns grbvbma kdriy h`rtbhdi hìunmdr


Akmkrdibzkg kmidraknkmt `f ardy dmg wlbtk ndttkr hkrkcrdi vìunks, cut

m`t hkrkckiidr vìunks, drk prkskmt dt 3 ykdrs `f dak bm dutbsn. Bmgbrkht

kvbgkmhk suaaksts tldt tlbs bmhrkdskg rdtk `f crdbm ar`wtl bm dutbsn ndyldvk bts `mskt p`stmdtdiiy bm tlk idttkr pdrt `f tlk fbrst ykdr `f ibfk.

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Lkdtlkr H`gy Ldziktt

lttp?//www.psyhlbdtry.umh.kgu/gbrkht`rbks/ldziktt.ltn

Drhlbvks `f Akmkrdi Usyhlbdtry

lttp?//drhlpsyh.dnd-dssm.`ra/

Sdpbg gkvki`pnkmtdi swbthl bm tlk nkhldmbsnsgrbvbma kdriy h`rtbhdi hìunmdr mktw`rjs

Cy Krwdm Gup`mt, Bikdmd I. Ldmadmu, Qkrmkr Jbic, Xbijk Lbrshl dmg

Lkbj` O. Iulndmm

Xùrhk? www.mdturk.h`n/7 Gkhknckr 355;

lttp?//www.mdturk.h`n/mdturk/oùrmdi/vd`p/mhurrkmt/dcs/

mdturk57367.ltni:osks-

sb`mbg>HG2CKK3HDK61DHFD3351514H2FH544G1

Mdturk dgvdmhk `mibmk pucibhdtb`m: pucibslkg `mibmk 7 Gkhknckr 355; |

g`b?45.458


204/289

Sdpbg gkvki`pnkmtdi swbthl bm tlk nkhldmbsns grbvbma kdriy h`rtbhdi hìunmdr


Bm tlk h`rtbhdi dmidak `f mkwc`rm ndnndis, mkur`ms h`dsskncik tlrùal

kikhtrbhdi `r hlknbhdi symdpsks kbtlkr sp`mtdmkùsiy `r cy dhtbvdtb`m `f

trdmsnbttkr-adtkg rkhkpt`rs.

Wlk mkur`mdi mktw`rj dmg tlk hkiiuidr nkhldmbsns umgkriybma tlbs h`rtb-

hdi skif-`radmbzdtb`m pr`hkss gurbma kdriy gkvki`pnkmt drk m`t h`n-

piktkiy umgkrst``g.

Lkrk wk sl`w bm dm bmtdht bm vbtr` prkpdrdtb`m `f tlk bnndturk nùsk

hkrkcrdi h`rtkx tldt mkur`ms drk fumhtb`mdiiy hùpikg bm i`hdi hiustkrs cy

nkdms `f pr`pdadtbma mktw`rj `shbiidtb`ms bm tlk cktd frkqukmhy rdmak.

Bm tlk mkwc`rm nùsk, tlbs dhtbvbty rkqubrks dm bmtdht sucpidtk dmg bs

str`maiy symhlr`mbzkg wbtlbm d h`rtbhdi hìunm cy adp oumhtb`ms.

Qbtl tlk gkvki`pnkmtdi gbsdppkdrdmhk `f tlk sucpidtk dt tlk kmg `f tlk

fbrst p`stmdtdi wkkj, dhtbvdtb`m `f MNGD (M-nktlyi-g-dspdrtdtk) rkhkp-

t`rs bm tlk bnndturk h`rtbhdi mktw`rj bs ksskmtbdi t` akmkrdtk tlbs hìun-

mdr dhtbvbty pdttkrm.

@ur fbmgbmas sl`w tldt gurbma d crbkf gkvki`pnkmtdi pkrb`g tlk h`rtbhdi

mktw`rj swbthlks fr`n d sucpidtk-grbvkm, adp-oumhtb`m-hùpikg symhy-

tbun t` d symdptbh mktw`rj dhtbma tlrùal MNGD rkhkpt`rs t` akmkrdtk

symhlr`mbzkg `shbiidt`ry dhtbvbty, wlbhl ndy fumhtb`m ds dm kdriy fumh-

tb`mdi tknpidtk f`r tlk gkvki`pnkmt `f tlk h`rtbhdi hìunmdr drhlbtkhturk.

H`rrksp`mgkmhk t`?

Lkbj` O. Iulndmm, Kndbi? iulndmmEumb-ndbmz.gk

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Drckbtsaruppk Ur`f. Gr. Lkbj` Iulndmm


205/289

[mkxhkptb`mdi sldrpmkss `f frkqukmhy tumbma bm tlk lundm h`hlikd


lttp?//plysbìàbk.umb-ndbmz.gk/plysb`/iulndmm/bmgkx.ltn

[mkxhkptb`mdi sldrpmkss `f frkqukmhy tumbma bm tlk

lundm h`hlikd

Cy Ndrb` D. Suaakr` dmg Dmgrkb M. Wknhlbm

Xùrhk? www.pmds.`ra/ Gkhknckr 43, 355;

lttp?//www.pmds.`ra/hab/h`mtkmt/dcstrdht/5;52838453v40kt`h

www.pmds.`ra/hab/g`b/45.4518/pmds.5;52838453

Wlk rksp`msks t` sùmg `f dugbt`ry-mkrvk fbckrs drk wkii jm`wm bm ndmy

dmbndis cut drk t`pbhs `f h`mokhturk f`r lundms.

X`nk bmvkstbadt`rs ldvk hidbnkg tldt tlk dugbt`ry-mkrvk fbckrs `f

lundms drk n`rk sldrpiy tumkg tldm drk tl`sk `f vdrbùs kxpkrbnkmtdi

dmbndis.

Lkrk wk bmvdibgdtk suhl hidbns.

Fbrst, wk sl`w tldt f`rwdrg-ndsjbma psyhl`plysbhdi tumbma hurvks,

wlbhl wkrk uskg ds tlk prbmhbpdi supp`rt f`r tl`sk hidbns, arkdtiy vkrks-

tbndtk tlk sldrpmkss `f h`hlikdr tumbma bm kxpkrbnkmtdi dmbndis dmg,

lkmhk, dis` pr`cdciy bm lundms.

Xkh`mg, wk hdibcrdtk h`npùmg dhtb`m p`tkmtbdi tumbma hurvks dadbmst tlk

tumbma `f dugbt`ry-mkrvk fbckrs bm kxpkrbnkmtdi dmbndis dmg usk h`n-

pùmg dhtb`m p`tkmtbdi tumbma hurvks rkh`rgkg bm lundms t` sl`w tldt tlk

sldrpmkss `f tumbma bm lundm h`hlikdk bs m`t kxhkptb`mdi dmg tldt bt bs
http://physiologie.uni-mainz.de/physio/luhmann/index.htmhttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0509323102v1?etochttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0509323102v1?etochttp://physiologie.uni-mainz.de/physio/luhmann/index.htm


206/289

Dttkmtb`m Adnbma

@ggs dmg kmgs - tlknks dmg trkmgs 424;45416

Qldt ndjks gdmhkrs gbffkrkmt tldm tlk rkst `f us0

Akmktbh vdrbdmts, sdys d rkskdrhlkr dt tlk Lkcrkw [mbvkrsbty `f Okrusd-

ikn.

Bm d stugy pucibslkg bm tlk Dnkrbhdm oùrmdi, Uucibh Ibcrdry `f Xhbkmhk

Akmktbhs, Usyhlìày Ur`f. Sbhldrg U. Kcstkbm dmg lbs rkskdrhl dss`hbdtks

ldvk sl`wm, tlrùal GMD kxdnbmdtb`m, tldt gdmhkrs sl`w h`msbstkmt

gbffkrkmhks bm tw` jky akmks fr`n tlk akmkrdi p`puidtb`m.

Kcstkbm bs tlk lkdg `f tlk Lkcrkw [mbvkrsbty Usyhlìày Gkpdrtnkmts

Xhlkbmfkig Hkmtkr f`r Lundm Akmktbhs bm tlk X`hbdi Xhbkmhks.

Wlbs fbmgbma bs m`t surprbsbma, sdys Kcstkbm, bm vbkw `f `tlkr stugbks `f

nusbhbdms dmg dtliktks, wlbhl dis` ldvk sl`wm akmktbh gbffkrkmhks.

Kcstkbm dmg lbs hìikdauks fùmg bm dm kxdnbmdtb`m `f


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Drk Gdmhkrs Akmktbhdiiy Gbffkrkmt Wldm tlk Skst `f [s0


crdbm trdmsnbttkr tldt h`mtrbcutks t` spbrbtudi kxpkrbkmhk, dn`ma ndmy

`tlkr ckldvb`rdi trdbts.

Wlk vds`prkssbm rkhkpt`r lds ckkm sl`wm bm ndmy dmbndi stugbks t` n`g-

uidtk s`hbdi h`nnumbhdtb`m dmg dffbibdtbvk c`mgbma ckldvb`rs. C`tl drk

kiknkmts bmvìvkg bm tlk dak-ìg lundm s`hbdi kxprkssb`m `f gdmhbma.

Wlk akmktbh kvbgkmhk wds h`rr`c`rdtkg cy tw` qukstb`mmdbrks gbstrbcutkg

cy tlk rkskdrhlkrs t` tlk gdmhkrs.

@mk bs tlk Wkiikakm Dcs`rptb`m Xhdik (WDX), tldt h`rrkidtks dspkhts `fspbrbtudibty dmg ditkrkg stdtks `f h`mshbùsmkss, dmg tlk `tlkr bs tlk Wrbgb-

nkmsb`mdi Ukrs`mdibty Tukstb`mmdbrk (WUT), d nkdsurk `f tlk mkkg f`r

s`hbdi h`mtdht dmg `pkmmkss t` h`nnumbhdtb`m.

Wlk akmktbh dmg qukstb`mmdbrk rksuits `f tlk gdmhkrs wkrk h`npdrkg wbtl

tl`sk `f tw` `tlkr arùps kxdnbmkg dtliktks ds wkii ds tl`sk wl` wkrk

c`tl m`m-gdmhkrs dmg m`m-dtliktks. (Dtliktks wkrk hl`skm f`r h`npdrb-

s`m sbmhk tlky rkqubrk d a``g gkdi `f plysbhdi stdnbmd ibjk gdmhkrs.)

Qlkm tlk rksuits wkrk h`ncbmkg dmg dmdiyzkg, bt wds hikdriy sl`wm tldt

tlk gdmhkrs kxlbcbtkg pdrtbhuidr akmktbh dmg pkrs`mdibty hldrdhtkrbstbhs

tldt wkrk m`t fùmg bm tlk `tlkr tw` arùps.

Wlk gdmhkr typk, sdys Kcstkbm, hikdriy gkn`mstrdtks qudibtbks tldt drk

m`t mkhkssdrbiy idhjbma cut drk m`t kxprksskg ds str`maiy bm `tlkr pk`pik?d lkbaltkmkg skmsk `f h`nnumbhdtb`m, `ftkm `f d syncìbh dmg hkrkn`-

mbdi mdturk, dmg d str`ma spbrbtudi pkrs`mdibty trdbt.


258/289

Lùr i`ma wldik s`mas w`` fkndiks


@tlkrs bmvìvkg bm tlk rkskdrhl wbtl Kcstkbm wkrk lbs Ul.G. stugkmt

Sdhlki Cdhlmkr- Nkindm, ds wkii ds dggbtb`mdi rkskdrhlkrs fr`n Bsrdki

dmg Frdmhk.

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Sbhldrg U. Kcstkbm

lttp?//www.lkrzàl`spbtdi. ra/bmgkx.dsp0bg>46


Xùrhk? www.uq.kgu.du/54 Fkcrudry 3556

lttp?//www.uq.kgu.du/mkws/bmgkx.ltni0drtbhik>


259/289



Xhbkmtbsts ldg suspkhtkg tldt wldik s`mas wkrk uskg f`r fkndik dttrdhtb`m

dmg ndik rkpuisb`m, cut tlk [T tkdn wds tlk fbrst t` pr`vbgk d rdmak `f

kvbgkmhk tldt ibmjkg t` hùrtslbp.

X`mas dppkdr t` ck gbrkhtkg n`rk t`wdrgs fkndiks p`ssbciy ds d hùrt-

slbp dmg ndtbma gbspidy tldm d sbamdi t` wdrm `ff `r rkpki rbvdi ndiks,

Nr Xnbtl sdbg.

Xbmakrs drk o`bmbma fkndiks wbtl hdivks n`rk `ftkm dmg sbmabma f`r d

nuhl i`makr gurdtb`m wbtl tlkn tldm dmy `tlkr s`hbdi arùp.

Wlk hldrdhtkrbstbhs `f tlk s`ma drk p`ssbciy ckbma uskg cy tlk fkndik t`

dsskss tlksk ndiks.

Wlk wdy tlky struhturk tlk s`mas, pkrldps usbma pdrtbhuidr kiknkmts ibjk

lbalkr `r i`wkr frkqukmhbks dmg l`w wkii tlky g` tldt hùig rkfikht

dttrbcutks `f tldt ndik suhl ds lbs fbtmkss, ndyck lbs dak.

Nr Xnbtl sdbg ndik wldiks sdma n`stiy bm tlk prkskmhk `f fkndiks cut

tlk s`mas dis` dttrdhtkg `tlkr ndiks t``.

Lk sdbg tlk s`mas wkrk rkpktbtbvk cut struhturkg, ndgk up `f hlbrps,

n`dms dmg cdrjs tldt hùig idst f`r 45 nbmutks up t` 38 lùrs.

Wlkbr s`mas drk cdsbhdiiy cr`dghdst sbamdis tldt `tlkr wldiks dmg lygr`-

pl`mks hdm gktkht fr`n dt ikdst fbftkkm `r twkmty jbi`nktrks dwdy.

Wlk 31-ykdr-ìg fr`n Lbaladtk Lbii sdbg lk hùigm't sdy tlk ndik s`mas

wkrk mkhkssdrbiy dttrdhtbma fkndiks cut tlk s`mas stbii lkipkg skxudi bmtkr-

dhtb`m.


260/289



Gr M`dg lds dis` gbspr`vkg d tlk`ry tldt wldik s`mas rkauidtkg spdhbma

cktwkkm sbmabma ndiks.

Xbmhk 3553, tlk [T Wkdn lds rkh`rgkg n`rk tldm d tlùsdmg lùrs `f

wldiks' s`mas. Wlbs bs st`rkg ds 755AC `f gdtd kmùal t` fbii dcùt

fbvk h`nputkr ldrg grbvks.

Nr Xnbtl dmg Gr M`dg's rkskdrhl lds ckkm pdrt `f dm bmtkrmdtb`mdi

pròkht hdiikg tlk Lunpcdhj Dhùstbh Skskdrhl Hìidc`rdtb`m (LDSH).

Bt's d o`bmt pròkht f`r Dnkrbhdm dmg Dustrdibdm shbkmtbsts prbndrbiyfumgkg cy tlk [mbtkg Xtdtks @ffbhk `f Mdvdi Skskdrhl cut dis` cy tlk

Dustrdibdm Gkfkmhk Xhbkmhk dmg Wkhlmìày @radmbsdtb`m.

@tlkr h`mtrbcut`rs drk tlk Q``gs Lìk @hkdmàrdplbh Bmstbtutb`m, tlk

Xhrbpps Bmstbtutb`m `f @hkdmàrdply, tlk [mbvkrsbty `f Xt Dmgrkws dmg

tlk [mbvkrsbty `f Mkwhdstik.

Nr Xnbtl sdbg lk l`pkg t` w`rj bm ndrbmk dmbndi dhùstbhs `r wbtl tlk

Dustrdibdm Dmtdrhtbh Gbvbsb`m wlkm lk fbmbslkg lbs UlG bm sbx n`mtls.

Lbs UlG bs dis` supkrvbskg cy Dss`hbdtk Ur`fkss`r Dmmk Aìgbzkm, dm

khìày kxpkrt fr`n [T's Xhl`ì `f Bmtkardtbvk Cbìày.

@[WG@@SIBMJX? O`slud Xnbtl

lttp?//www.uq.kgu.du/ckra/o`sl/ndbm.ltni

Nbhldki M`dg

lttp?//www.uq.kgu.du/vktshl`ì/bmgkx.ltni0pdak>4;183
http://www.uq.edu.au/berg/josh/main.htmlhttp://www.uq.edu.au/vetschool/index.html?page=15732http://www.uq.edu.au/vetschool/index.html?page=15732http://www.uq.edu.au/berg/josh/main.html


261/289

Qdik sprkhlkm Gbdikjt (nbt Xùmgckbspbki)


Dmmk Aìgbzkm

lttp?//pr`fbiks.cdhs.uq.kgu.du/Dmmk.Aìgbzkm

Qdik sprkhlkm Gbdikjt (nbt Xùmgckbspbki)

lttp?//www.spbkaki.gk/wbsskmshldft/krgk/5,4;4


262/289


263/289

Gbstbmht nkn`ry trdhks f`r tw` vbsudi fkdturks bm tlk Gr`s`plbid crdbm

@ggs dmg kmgs - tlknks dmg trkmgs 3;;

Gbstbmht nkn`ry trdhks f`r tw` vbsudi fkdturks bm tlk

Gr`s`plbid crdbm

Cy Adma Ibu, Lìakr Xkbikr, Db Qkm, Wr`y _drs, Jkb Bt`, Skbmldrg Qìf,

Ndrtbm Lkbskmckra dmg Ib Ibu

Xùrhk? www.mdturk.h`n/3 Fkcrudry 3556

lttp?//www.mdturk.h`n/mdturk/oùrmdi/v782/m1516/dcs/mdturk578


264/289

Ditkrbma kxpkhtdmhy gdnpkms mkurdi rksp`msk t` dvkrsbvk tdstk bm prbndry tdstk


Wlk hkmtrdi i`hdtb`m `f tlbs nkn`ry st`rk bs wkii subtkg t` nkgbdtk trdms-

idtb`mdi bmvdrbdmhk.

H`rrksp`mgkmhk t`?

Ib Ibu, Kndbi? ibuibEsum;.bcp.dh.hm

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Ur`f. Gr. Ndrtbm Lkbskmckra

lttp?//akmktbhs.cb`zkmtrun.umb-wukrzcura.gk/l`nk/VbrtudiCrdbm/pk`pik/

ndrtbm.ltn

Ditkrbma kxpkhtdmhy gdnpkms mkurdi rksp`msk t`dvkrsbvk tdstk bm prbndry tdstk h`rtkx

Cy Odhj C Mbtshljk, Arka`ry K Gbx`m, Bssbg`r`s Xdrbm`pùi`s, Xdrdl O

Xl`rt, O`mdtldm G H`lkm, Kgwdrg K Xnbtl, Xtkplkm N J`ssiym, S`ckrt

N S`sk & Sbhldrg O Gdvbgs`m

Xùrhk? www.mdturk.h`n/; Fkcrudry 3556

lttp?//www.mdturk.h`n/mkur`/oùrmdi/vd`p/mhurrkmt/dcs/mm467;.ltni

Uucibslkg `mibmk? ; Fkcrudry 3556: | g`b?45.458


265/289

Nnn, sùmgs tdsty!


tdstkfui tldm bt dhtudiiy wds, tlky rkp`rtkg bt t` ck ikss dvkrsbvk tldm wlkm

tlky ldg dhhurdtk bmf`rndtb`m dcùt tlk tdstk dmg, n`rk`vkr, tlk prbndry

tdstk h`rtkx wds ikss str`maiy dhtbvdtkg. Bm dggbtb`m, tlk dhtbvdtb`m `f tlkrbalt bmsuid dmg `pkrhuiun trdhjkg `mibmk rdtbmas `f tlk dvkrsbvkmkss f`r

kdhl tdstk. Xuhl kxpkhtdmhy-grbvkm n`guidtb`m f prbndry skms`ry h`rtkx

ndy dffkht pkrhkptb`ms `f kxtkrmdi kvkmts.

H`rrksp`mgkmhk slùig ck dggrksskg t`

Odhj C Mbtshljk, Kndbi? ombtshljkEwbsh.kgu

`r

Sbhldrg O Gdvbgs`m, Kndbi? rogdvbgsEwbsh.kgu

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Odhj Mbtshljk

lttp?//psyhlbdtry.wbsh.kgu/fdhuity/FdhuityUdaks/Mbtshljk.ltn

Nnn, sùmgs tdsty!

Xùrhk? www.dipldadibik`.`ra/51 Fkcrudry 3556

lttp?//www.dipldadibik`.`ra/bmgkx.hfn0fuskdh-

tb`m>rkdgrkikdsk&rkikdskbg>;45317

Bm d umbquk gùcik gbsh`vkry, rkskdrhlkrs dt tlk [mbvkrsbty f Ikkgs ldvk

sl`wm tldt ndssbvk cursts `f uitrdsùmg drk akmkrdtkg gurbma tlk fbrst

skh`mg `f cbtbma bmt` hrumhly f``g dmg drk sbnuitdmkùsiy dmdiyskg cy

tlk kdrs dmg nùtl.
http://psychiatry.wisc.edu/faculty/FacultyPages/Nitschke.htmhttp://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510274http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510274http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510274http://psychiatry.wisc.edu/faculty/FacultyPages/Nitschke.htm


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Iùg nusbh w`rskms kffkhts `f tdjbma khstdsy


Ndtkrbdis tkstbma usudiiy rkqubrks kxpkmsbvk kqubpnkmt, cut wkvk

pr`vkg tldt rkh`rgbma, nkdsurbma dmg h`npdrbma sùmg puisks bs rba`rùs

dmg dhhurdtk. Bm tlk sdnk wdy kmabmkkrs uskg t` tdp wlkkis `m rdbiwdykmabmks t` ibstkm f`r fduits, wk hdm usk tlksk nbhr`pl`mks t` rkh`rg d

nuhl wbgkr frkqukmhy rdmak t` pbhj up tbmy gkfkhts. Bts p`tkmtbdi bs km`r-

nùs.

F`r furtlkr bmf`rndtb`m, pikdsk h`mtdht?

Ldmmdl I`vk, Kndbi? l.k.c.i`vkEikkgs.dh.uj

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Ndihìn U`vky

lttp?//www.f``ghìi`bgs.h`n/p`vky/bmgkx.ltn


Xùrhk? www.dipldadibik .`ra/45 Fkcrudry 3556


tb`m>rkdgrkikdsk&rkikdskbg>;4587;

Iùg nusbh prì`mas tlk kffkhts `f tdjbma khstdsy f`r up t` fbvk gdys.

D stugy pucibslkg t`gdy bm tlk `pkm dhhkss oùrmdi CNH Mkur`shbkmhk

sl`ws tldt tlk rkguhtb`m bm rdts crdbm dhtbvbty bmguhkg cy 8,7 -Nktlyi-kmkgb`xynktldnplktdnbmk (NGND r khstdsy) idsts i`ma dftkr dgnbmbs-

trdtb`m `f tlk grua up t` fbvk gdys bf iùg nusbh bs pidykg t` tlkn

sbnuitdmkùsiy.

Wlk kffkhts wkdr `ff wbtlbm d gdy wlkm m` nusbh bs pidykg.
http://www.foodcolloids.com/povey/index.htmhttp://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510345http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510345http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=510345http://www.foodcolloids.com/povey/index.htm


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Nbhlkidmaki` Bdmm`mk fr`n tlk Bmstbtutk `f Mkurìàbhdi Xhbkmhk, Btdiy,

dmg hìikdauks fr`n [mbvkrsbty Ndamd Ardkhbd bm Hdtdmzdr`, Btdiy,

bmokhtkg rdts wbtl d i`w g`sk (8na/ja) `r d lbal g`sk (6na/ja) `fNGND `r, bm tlk h`mtrì arùp, wbtl sdibmk.

Wlk rdts wkrk kbtlkr ikft wbtlùt dhùstbh stbnuidtb`m `r kxp`skg t` wlbtk

m`bsk - sùmg dt d stdcik frkqukmhy tldt bs uskg bm ndmy typks `f kikh-

tr`mbh nusbh.

Wlk sùmg wds pidykg dt 2;gC, tlk ndxbnun m`bsk bmtkmsbty pkrnbttkg bm

mbalthiucs cy Btdibdm idw.

Wlk kikhtr`h`rtbhdi dhtbvbty (KhÀ spkhtrun) `f tlk rdts wds n`mbt`rkg,

usbma kikhtr`gks pidhkg `m tlkbr sjuii, fr`n 65 nbmutks ckf`rk dgnbmbs-

trdtb`m `f tlk grua dmg stdrt `f tlk nusbh, t` up t` fbvk gdys dftkr tlk

nusbh wds st`ppkg.

Bdmm`mk kt di.s rksuits sl`w tldt i`w-g`sk NGND gbg m`t n`gbfy tlk

crdbm dhtbvbty `f tlk rdts h`npdrkg wbtl sdibmk, ds i`ma ds m` nusbh wds

pidykg.

L`wkvkr, tlk KhÀ t`tdi spkhtrun `f tlk rdts abvkm d i`w g`sk `f

NGND sbambfbhdmtiy gkhrkdskg `mhk iùg nusbh wds pidykg. Wlk KhÀ

spkhtrun `f rdts bm tlk h`mtrì arùp wds m`t n`gbfbkg cy iùg nusbh.

Lbal-g`sk NGND bmguhkg d rkguhtb`m bm crdbm dhtbvbty, h`npdrkg wbtlc`tl sdibmk dmg i`w-g`sk NGND.

Wlbs rkguhtb`m wds kmldmhkg `mhk tlk iùg nusbh wds turmkg `m dmg

idstkg f`r up t` fbvk gdys dftkr dgnbmbstrdtb`m `f tlk grua.


270/289

Wlk crdbm gbffkrkmtbdtks lundm dmg m`m-lundm ardnndrs? Fumhtb`mdi


Bm rdts tldt ldg ckkm abvkm d lbal g`sk `f NGND cut ldg m`t ckkm

kxp`skg t` nusbh, crdbm dhtbvbty rkturmkg t` m`rndi `mk gdy dftkr dgnbm-

bstrdtb`m `f tlk grua.

W` rkdg Fuiitkxt a` t`

lttp?//www.cb`nkghkmtrdi.h`n/bnkgbd/


271/289

M` Skhbpk f`r Xupkrstdrg`n


Wlbs lundm dcbibty a`ks cky`mg tlk hdpdhbty t` pr`hkss skqukmhks wbtl

sbnpik trdmsbtb`mdi pr`cdcbibtbks `f dgodhkmt kiknkmts `cskrvdcik bm m`m-

lundm prbndtks.

Lkrk wk sl`w tldt tlk pr`hkssbma `f tlksk tw` skqukmhk typks bs sup-

p`rtkg cy gbffkrkmt drkds bm tlk lundm crdbm.

Ur`hkssbma `f i`hdi trdmsbtb`ms bs sucskrvkg cy tlk ikft fr`mtdi `pkrhuiun,

d rkab`m tldt bs plyiàkmktbhdiiy ìgkr tldm Cr`hd's drkd, wlbhl spkhbfb-

hdiiy lìgs rksp`msbcik tlk h`nputdtb`m f lbkrdrhlbhdi gkpkmgkmhbks.

Wrdhtàrdply gdtd rkvkdibma gbffkrkmtbdi struhturdi h`mmkhtbvbty sbamd-

turks f`r tlksk tw` crdbm drkds pr`vbgk dggbtb`mdi kvbgkmhk f`r d skarkad-

tb`m `f tw` drkds bm tlk ikft bmfkrb`r fr`mtdi h`rtkx.

W` wl`n h`rrksp`mgkmhk slùig ck dggrksskg.

Dmakid G. Frbkgkrbhb, K-ndbi? dmakidfrEhcs.npa.gk

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Difrkg Dmwdmgkr

lttp?//www.bmf`rndtbj.umb-trbkr.gk/~iky/gc/bmgbhks/d-trkk/d/Dmwdm-

gkr?Difrkg.ltni


Cy Ndry Ckhjndm

Xùrhk? lttp?//shbkmhkm`w.shbkmhknda. ra/hab/h`mtkmt/fuii/3556/352/8

XhbkmhkM@Q Gdbiy Mkws 2 Fkcrudry 3556
http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/a/Anwander:Alfred.htmlhttp://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/a/Anwander:Alfred.htmlhttp://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2006/209/3http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2006/209/3http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/a/Anwander:Alfred.html


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273/289



X`nk s`mas wkrk g`wmi`dgkg nuhl n`rk tldm `tlkrs, dmg ckhdusk dii

tlk vbsbt`r's ougankmts wkrk bmgkpkmgkmt, tlk rkskdrhlkrs gkfbmkg tlksk ds

a``g s`mas.

@tlkr vbsbt`rs kmgkg up `m `mk `f kbalt Qkc pdaks tldt i``jkg tlk sdnk

kxhkpt f`r munckrs mkxt t` kdhl s`ma ibstbma tlk munckr `f tbnks prkvb-

ùs vbsbt`rs t` tldt pdak ldg g`wmi`dgkg tlk s`ma.

Dftkr tdcuidtbma tlk wlbns f 47,555 vbsbt`rs, tlk rkskdrhlkrs ikdrmkg tldt

tlkrk wds s`nk dhhùmtbma f`r tdstk?

A``g s`mas diwdys rdmjkg lbal, dmg cdg s`mas rdmjkg i`w.

Cut wlkm vbsbt`rs ldg dhhkss t` bmf`rndtb`m dcùt wldt `tlkr pk`pik

wkrk g`wmi`dgbma, tlky wkrk nuhl n`rk ibjkiy t` g`wmi`dg s`mas wbtl

lbal g`wmi`dg rdtks, kvkm bf tlky wkrkm't tlk lbalkst qudibty, dmg puslkg

tlk lbalkst-rdmjkg kvkr hi`skr t`wdrg supkrstdrg`n.

Wlbs bmgbhdtks tldt jm`wbma wldt tlkr pk`pik tlùalt f tlk nusbh bmfiu-

kmhkg wldt pk`pik g`wmi`dgkg.

N`rk`vkr, suhhkss wds rdmg`n. Kvkm tlùal tlk kbalt Qkc pdaks stdrtkg

wbtl tlk sdnk 7< s`mas, gbffkrkmt tumks lbt tlk t`p 45 ibst bm kdhl.

Wlk rkskdrhlkrs hùig m`t prkgbht wlbhl s`mas wùig rkdhl suhhkss bm

`mk Qkc pdak cy kxdnbmbma tlk rksuits `f dm`tlkr.

Xtdrg`n bs bmgkkg d hrdp sl``t, Qdtts h`mhiugks.

X` bf tlk bmgkpkmgkmt rdmjbmas sl`w tldt tlkrk dhtudiiy bs s`nk dhhùmt-

bma f`r tdstk, wly g`ks bt i`sk ùt t` p`puidrbty0


274/289

Bmstdmt rkpidy ndy lkip t` nùig nkn`rbks


"Wlkrk's d s`hbdi fumhtb`m t` dii `f us ibjbma tlk sdnk tlbma," lk spkhu-

idtks. "Bt's m`t tlk tlbma tldt's bnp`rtdmt, cut ldvbma s`nktlbma t` sldrk."

Hdiibma tlk kxpkrbnkmts "pdtlcrkdjbma," s`hbìàbst Nbhldki Ndhy `f

H`rmkii [mbvkrsbty sdys tlk fbmgbmas biiustrdtk l`w d sndii dgvdmtdak hdm

sm`wcdii, ndjbma p`puidrbty ldrg t` prkgbht. Kh`m`nbst S`ckrt Frdmj,

dis` dt H`rmkii, sdys tlk w`rj sl`ws "wk'rk dii sushkptbcik t` tlk lkrg

nkmtdibty."

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Ndttlkw Xdiadmbj

lttp?//www.hìuncbd.kgu/~nos345;/

Gumhdm Qdtts

lttp?//www.bskrp.hìuncbd.kgu/pk`pik/fdhuityPfkii`ws/wdtts.ltni

Nbhldki Ndhy

lttp?//www.s`h.h`rmkii.kgu/fdhuity/ndhy.sltni


Crdbm's rkwbmg fumhtb`m drauks f`r tdjbma d crkdj.

Cy Lkikm Ukdrs`m

Xùrhk? lttp?//www.mdturk.h`n/mkws/3556/565356/fuii/565356-48.ltni

Uucibslkg mibmk? 43 Fkcrudry 3556: | g`b?45.458


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Bgikrs, i`dfkrs dmg idydcùts, ibstkm up.

D mkw stugy suaaksts tldt tlk tbnks wlkm wk sbt drùmg twbggibma ùr

tluncs hùig bm fdht ck vbtdi f`r ikdrmbma.

Wlk bgkd stkns fr`n kxpkrbnkmts bm wlbhl mkur`shbkmtbsts kdvksgr`ppkg

`m tlk crdbms `f rdts ds tlky kxpi`rkg tlkbr kmvbr`mnkmts.

Wlky fùmg tldt tlk rdts' crdbms 'rkpidy' tlkbr kxpkrbkmhks bm rkvkrsk wlkm

tlk dmbndis pdusk crbkfiy t` rkst.

Wlk shbkmtbsts, Gdvbg F`stkr dmg Ndttlkw Qbis`m w`rjbma dt tlk Ndssd-

hlusktts Bmstbtutk `f Wkhlmìày bm Hdncrbgak, bmskrtkg d pbmhuslb`m `f

fbmk wbrks bmt` tlk dmbndis' sjuiis.

Wlksk dii`wkg tlk tkdn t` sbnuitdmkùsiy n`mbt`r tlk kikhtrbhdi dhtbvbty

`f drùmg 455 bmgbvbgudi crdbm hkiis bm tlk lbpp`hdnpus, d crdbm rkab`m

bmvìvkg bm ikdrmbma dmg nkn`ry.

Wlk rkskdrhlkrs pidhkg kdhl wbrkg-up rdt bm d strdbalt 4.;-nktrk rum.

Wlky rkh`rgkg crdbm-hkii dhtbvbty ds tlk rdts shurrbkg up dmg g`wm, pdus-

bma dt kdhl kmg t` kdt, ar``n dmg shrdthl tlkbr wlbsjkrs.

Ds tlk rdts rdm di`ma tlk trdhj, tlk mkrvk hkiis fbrkg bm d vkry spkhbfbh

skqukmhk. Wlbs bs m`t surprbsbma, ckhdusk hkrtdbm hkiis bm tlbs rkab`m drk

jm`wm t` ck trbaakrkg wlkm dm dmbndi pdssks tlrùal d pdrtbhuidr sp`t bm

d spdhk.

Cut tlk rkskdrhlkrs wkrk tdjkm dcdhj cy wldt tlky sdw wlkm tlk rdts

wkrk rkstbma.


276/289




281/289

Crdbm H`mtrìs Udbm


fbmgbma tldt tlkrk ndy ck d wdy t` tkdhl pk`pik t` trdbm tlkbr crdbm t` ckt-

tkr ldmgik pdbm.

Crdbm @vkr Udbm

Xkdm Ndhjky, dss`hbdtk Gbrkht`r f`r tlk Udbm Ndmdaknkmt Gbvbsb`m `f

Xtdmf`rg [mbvkrsbty Xhl`ì `f Nkgbhbmk, fùmg tldt bf pk`pik hùig

wdthl d hkrtdbm pdrt `f tlkbr crdbms bm dhtb`m bm rkdi tbnk, tlky hùig usk

tldt fkkgcdhj t` ikdrm l`w t` ndmdak pdbm.

Lk hdiis bt d hdsk `f, "Crdbm `vkr pdbm."

"Qldt's umbquk dcùt tlbs spkhbfbh kxpkrbnkmt," sdys Ndhjky, "bs tldt tlbs

kxpkrbnkmt, f`r tlk fbrst tbnk, stugbkg d arùp `f pk`pik dmg tdualt tlkn

t` ikdrm l`w t` h`mtrì tlkbr `wm crdbm, d spkhbfbh rkab`m bm tlkbr `wm

crdbm. Dmg cy g`bma s`, bt hldmakg tlkbr ckldvb`r tldt's mkvkr ckkm

g`mk ckf`rk."

Wlk spkhbfbh pdrt `f tlk crdbm tldt bs bmvìvkg bm pdbm pkrhkptb`m dmg rka-

uidtb`m bs gkkp bmsbgk tlk crdbm. Bt's hdiikg tlk S`strdi Dmtkrb`r Hbmauidtk

H`rtkx (rDHH). Bt wds tldt pdrt Ndhjky dmg lbs tkdn wdmtkg pk`pik t`

wdthl.

Uk`pik wkrk put bm dm NSB shdmmkr sbnbidr t` tl`sk uskg t` shdm pdrts `f

tlk c`gy f`r bmourbks. L`wkvkr tlbs wds d fumhtb`mdi rkdi-tbnk NSB shdm-

mkr, wlbhl dii`wkg pk`pik, dhh`rgbma t` Ndhjky, "W` tlkm skk tlkbr `wmcrdbm dhtbvbty `m d n`nkmt cy n`nkmt cdsbs."

X`nk f tlk pk`pik Ndhjky cskrvkg wkrk pdtbkmts wl` suffkrkg hlr`mbh

pdbm. @tlkrs wkrk vìumtkkrs wl` darkkg t` kmgurk d n`gkrdtkiy pdbmfui

l`t pr`ck tùhlbma tlkn. Qlbik tlk vìumtkkrs wkrk wdthlbma tlkbr `wm


282/289

Crdbm H`mtrìs Udbm


crdbms bm dhtb`m, tlk tkdn tlkm advk tlkn vdrbùs strdtkabks `m l`w t`

ndmdak tlk pdbm.

"Qlkm pk`pik wùig f`hus tlkbr dttkmtb`m `m tlk pdbm," sdys Ndhjky,

"tlk dhtbvbty bm tldt pdrt `f tlk crdbm Ztlk rDHH^ wùig a` up. Dmg wlkm

tlky wùig f`hus tlkbr dttkmtb`m dwdy, tlky wùig skk tldt tlk crdbm

dhtbvbty wùig a` g`wm." Ndhjky sdys tldt wlkm pk`pik sdw tlk crdbm

dhtbvbty hldmak, "dftkr d pkrb`g `f tbnk tlky wùig ikdrm t` tlkm tdjk h`m-

trì `f bt tlknskivks."

Qrbtbma bm Ur`hkkgbmas `f tlk Mdtb`mdi Dhdgkny `f Xhbkmhks lk sdbg "tlk

vdst ndo`rbty" `f lkditly vìumtkkrs kbtlkr ikdrmkg wlbhl strdtkay sua-

akstkg cy tlk rkskdrhlkrs w`rjkg ckst `r s`nktbnks tlky hdnk up wbtl

mkw strdtkabks `m tlkbr `wm.

"Qldt's mbhk dcùt tlbs bs tldt wk gkn`mstrdtkg tldt m`t `miy pk`pik hdm

h`mtrì tlk drkd `f tlkbr crdbm, cut tldt wbtl tbnk tldt h`mtrì bnpr`vkg,

wlbhl nkdms tldt tlkrk wds ikdrmbma bmvìvkg. Qlbhl nkdms, cy gkfbmb-tb`m, tldt tlkrk wds mkur`pidstbhbty. Bm `tlkr w`rgs, tldt wbtl rkpkdtkg

skssb`ms pk`pik wkrk dhtudiiy hldmabma tlkbr `wm crdbm."

Qlbik tlk rksuits wkrk kmhùrdabma, Ndhjky w`mgkrkg bf, "Qk oust

gksbamkg tlk w`rig's n`st kxpkmsbvk pidhkc`," rkfkrrbma t` tlk plkm`nk-

m`m wlkrk pk`pik rkp`rt fkkibma ckttkr wlkm tlky ckibkvk tlky drk ckbma

trkdtkg, kvkm bf tlk "trkdtnkmt" bs fdjk.

Lk dggkg, "Ikt's fdhk bt, yù'vk a`t dm kxtrd`rgbmdrbiy lbal-tkhl kmvbr`m-

nkmt. Rù'vk a`t tlbs cba, kxpkmsbvk NSB systkn tldt's ndjbma dii s`rts

`f m`bsk. Qk'rk tkiibma pk`pik t` a` bmt` tlbs shdmmkr dmg t` h`mtrì tlkbr


283/289

Crdbm H`mtrìs Udbm


crdbm dhtbvbty dmg tlkm wbtl tldt wk kxpkhtkg tldt tlkrk ndy ck s`nk

hldmak bm l`w tlky pkrhkbvkg pdbm."

Ndhjky's tkdn rk-rdm tlk kxpkrbnkmts tdjbma pdrts `f tlk fkkgcdhj hldbm

dwdy. @mk arùp a`t pdbm h`mtrì bmstruhtb`ms, cut wbtlùt tlk NSB shdm-

mkr. D skh`mg a`t bmstruhtb`ms dmg wkrk bmsbgk tlk NSB shdmmkr, cut a`t

m` rkdi tbnk fkkgcdhj. D tlbrg wkrk tìg t` `cskrvk bm rkdi tbnk d pdrt `f

tlk crdbm m`t bmvìvkg bm pdbm pr`hkssbma. D fùrtl, h`mtrì arùp, umgkr-

wkmt tlk pr`hkss wlbik wdthlbma s`nk`mk kisk's crdbm dhtbvbty.

Ndhjky sdys `f dii tl`sk arùps, "Wlk `miy skssb`m wlkrk tlky wkrk

dcik t` ikdrm l`w t` h`mtrì tlkbr `wm crdbm dhtbvbty dmg skk d hldmak bm

tlkbr pdbm wds wbtl tldt rkdi-tbnk n`nkmt-cy-n`nkmt bmf`rndtb`m."

M`t kvkry`mk wds suhhkssfui. Ndhjky sdys tlkrk wkrk pk`pik wl` "wkrk

m`t sbambfbhdmtiy dcik t` hldmak tlkbr crdbm dhtbvbty. Dmg wldt wk fùmg bs

tldt tlky wkrk dis` tlk pk`pik wl` tkmgkg m`t t` ck dcik t` ldvk sbambfb-

hdmt h`mtrì `vkr tlkbr pdbm."

Wl`sk wl` suffkr fr`n hlr`mbh pdbm slùig m`t kxpkht t` skk tlbs nktl`g

uskg f`r pdbm h`mtrì dmytbnk s``m. Bm dggbtb`m t` ckbma vkry kxpkmsbvk,

Ndhjky sdys tldt rbalt m`w tlk tkhlmìày bs, "m`t rkdgy f`r prbnk tbnk

ds d hibmbhdi trkdtnkmt."

F`r `mk tlbma, tlky mkkg t` stugy tlk nkhldmbsn `f kxdhtiy wldt wkmt `m

f`r tlbs h`mtrì t` ldppkm. Ndhjky sdys, "Uk`pik wkrk oust dcik t` ikdrm

l`w t` g` bt dmg tldt's wldt wk'rk dhtudiiy stugybma rbalt m`w, bs t` fbaurk

ùt l`w tlky wkrk dcik t` g` wldt tlky g`."

Bm dggbtb`m, tlky mkkg t` stugy tlk i`ma-tkrn ckmkfbts `f tlbs tkhlmbquk.

Lk sdys, "Qk'rk rummbma tlk stugbks rbalt m`w."


284/289

Crdbm dhtbvbty ckf`rk dm kvkmt prkgbhts idtkr rkhìikhtb`m


Cut, wldt tlk stugy g`ks sl`w bs wldt rìk tlk crdbm pidys bm gktkrnbmbma

wldt bs `r bsm't pdbmfui. Ds Ndhjky puts bt, "Bt's m`t pdbm umtbi bt lbts yùr

crdbm."

Wlbs rkskdrhl wds pucibslkg bm tlk Gkhknckr 48, 355; bssuk `f Ur`hkkg-

bmas `f tlk Mdtb`mdi Dhdgkny `f Xhbkmhks dmg wds fumgkg cy tlk

Mdtb`mdi Bmstbtutks f Lkditl, tlk @xmdrg Fùmgdtb`m, tlk G`gbk dmg O`lm

S`skjrdms Udbm Skskdrhl Fumg, dmg tlk Xtdmf`rg [mbvkrsbty Gkpdrtnkmt

`f Dmkstlksbd.

@[WG@@SIBMJX? Xkdm Ndhjky

lttp?//pdbmhkmtkr.stdmf`rg.kgu/fdhuity/ndhjky.ltni

Udbm Ndmdaknkmt Hkmtkr dt Xtdmf`rg [mbvkrsbty

lttp?//pdbmhkmtkr.stdmf`rg.kgu/

Gkhknckr 48, 355; bssuk `f Ur`hkkgbmas `f tlk Mdtb`mdi Dhdgkny `fXhbkmhks

lttp?//www.pmds.`ra/hab/h`mtkmt/dcstrdht/453/;4/4


285/289

Xhbkmtbsts fbmg crdbm fumhtb`m n`st bnp`rtdmt t` ndtls dcbibty


lttp?//www.mdturk.h`n/mkur`/o`urmdi/vd`p/mhurrkmt/dcs/mm4668.ltni

g`b?45.458Gr&FbrstMdnk>Ikum&IdstMdnk>@ttkm

Xhbkmtbsts fbmg crdbm fumhtb`m n`st bnp`rtdmt t` ndtlsdcbibty

X`urhk? www.dipldadibik`.`ra/56 Ndrhl 3556


tb`m>rkdgrkikdsk&rkikdskbg>;451


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Xhbkmtbsts fbmg crdbm fumhtb`m n`st bnp`rtdmt t` ndtls dcbibty

@ggs dmg kmgs - tlknks dmg trkmgs 31[td&IdstMdnk>Frbtl

[HI ([mbvkrsbty H`iikak I`mg`m)

lttp?//www.uhi.dh.uj/

Ur`hkkgbmas f tlk Mdtb`mdi Dhdgkny f Xhbkmhks (UMDX)

lttp?//www.pmds.`ra/

[HI Bmstbtutk f H`ambtbvk Mkur`shbkmhk

lttp?//www.bhm.uhi.dh.uj/
http://www.mathematicalbrain.com/http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/Staff-Lists/MemberDetails.php?Title=Prof&FirstName=Uta&LastName=Frithhttp://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/Staff-Lists/MemberDetails.php?Title=Prof&FirstName=Uta&LastName=Frithhttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/http://www.pnas.org/http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/http://www.pnas.org/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/Staff-Lists/MemberDetails.php?Title=Prof&FirstName=Uta&LastName=Frithhttp://www.mathematicalbrain.com/


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H`hlikd's Ardgkg Hurvdturk Kffkht `m I`w Frkqukmhy Qdvks

music therapy today (magazin): therapeutic usefulness of music - volume vii, issue 1 (march 2006)

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