music therapy's role in brain injury rehabilitation

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Music and the Brain: . Music Therapy’s Role in Brain Injury Rehabilitation Kathleen Lyons, M.S., MT-BC, CBIS Neurologic Music Therapist Neurorehabilitation Specialist, Community Skills Program ®

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Music and the Brain:.

Music Therapy’s Role in Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Kathleen Lyons, M.S., MT-BC, CBISNeurologic Music Therapist

Neurorehabilitation Specialist, Community Skills Program®

Where is Music Processed in the Brain?

Hearing Starts with the Ear…

Brain Stem

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Brain Stem♪ Processes sound reverberation to

determine location of sound’s origin

♪ Responsible for Rhythmic Autonomic

Functions:

♪ Respiration

♪ Heartbeat

♪ Blood pressure

Temporal Lobe

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Temporal Lobe♪ Auditory Cortex interprets electrical

impulses into the sounds that we experience

♪ Hippocampus processes memory aspects of sounds

♪ Amygdala determines emotional responses

Cerebellum

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Cerebellum♪ Provides coordination and balance

needed for♪ Clapping hands

♪ Tapping toes

♪ Playing an instrument

♪ Dancing

Occipital Lobe

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Occipital Lobe♪ Visual Processing for

♪ Identifying instruments

♪ Reading music

♪ Interpreting musicians’ movements

Parietal Lobe

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Parietal Lobe♪ Processes vibrations from instruments

or speakers that are felt on skin or body

♪ Assists with Language Processing to interpret and understand lyrics

Frontal Lobe

Image from www2.massgeneral.org

Frontal Lobe♪ Allows for cognition, problem-solving,

and reasoning to interpret and anticipate musical progression

♪ Facilitates planning to assist in music creation and writing

♪ Assists in developing motor skills for playing instruments

Want to Know More?

This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession

Daniel J. Levitin

New York, NY: Dutton, 2006

What Is Music Therapy?“Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use

of music interventions to accomplish individualized

goals within a therapeutic relationship by a

credentialed professional who has completed an

approved music therapy program.”-American Music Therapy Association, 2005

Brief History of Music Therapy

♪ Aristotle & Plato: Music as a healing influence

♪ 1800s: First record of a music therapy intervention

♪ 20th century profession after WWI

♪ 1944: First college training program started

Brief History of Music Therapy

(continued)

♪ 1950 and 1971: Professional associations formed

♪ 1980: Music Therapy, a research and clinical journal, first published

♪ 1985: Board-certification started

♪ 1998: Two professional associations merged to form American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)

Music Therapy Interventions Can Be Designed To:

♪ Promote wellness

♪ Manage stress

♪ Alleviate pain

♪ Express feelings

♪ Enhance memory

♪ Improve communication

♪ Promote physical rehabilitation

Generalization and Independent Carry-over

♪ Properties of music are used to work on non-musical goals and skills to be used in everyday life

♪ Musical intervention is faded as abilities improve

♪ Some interventions are taught so that the client can use them independently when discharged from music therapy

Music Therapy in Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Possible Music Therapy Goals

♪ Physical Rehabilitation

♪ Stress Release and Pain Reduction

♪ Memory and Cognitive Processing

♪ Communication and Self-Expression

Melodic Intonation Therapy

Physical RehabilitationCase Study:

♪ Adult female, 20 years post-injury

♪ Significant spasticity in left hand

♪ Piano lessons as a child, prior to injury, but had not played since her injury

January 2015

February 2015

May 2015

June 2015

I’m Interested in Music Therapy…Now What?

Who Is Qualified to Provide Music Therapy?

A qualified music therapist must have:

♪ Completed an approved college curriculum

♪ Completed an internship at an approved site

♪ Passed the national examination offered by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT)

♪ Earned the credential of Music Therapist-Board Certified (MT-BC)

What Does a Board-Certified Music Therapist Do?

♪ Assess emotional well-being, physical health, social functioning, communication abilities, and cognitive skills through musical responses

♪ Design and implement music sessions for individuals and groups, based on clients’ needs

♪ Participate in interdisciplinary treatment planning, ongoing evaluation, and follow-up

Where Can I Find aBoard-Certified Music Therapist?♪ Certification Board for Music Therapists

Search online database: www.cbmt.orgThen, obtain MT’s contact info:

[email protected] or 1-800-765-2268

♪ American Music Therapy Association

Search online database: www.musictherapy.org

Funding Sources♪ Medicare: Partial hospitalization programs

♪ Private insurance

♪ State departments of mental health/intellectual

disabilities

♪ Private auto insurance or workers’ compensation

♪ IDEA Part B

♪ Grants or private pay

Summary of Purpose and Value of Music Therapy

♪ Research-based

♪ Programs are designed for each individual’s needs

♪ Uses music to help individuals achieve non-musical goals and improve function in everyday life

♪ Fun and motivating

For More InformationAmerican Music Therapy Association

301-589-3300www.musictherapy.org

Certification Board for Music Therapists 610-269-8900

or 1-800-765-CBMT (2268)www.cbmt.org

Questions or Comments?

Thank You!