music therapy's role in brain injury rehabilitation
TRANSCRIPT
Music and the Brain:.
Music Therapy’s Role in Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Kathleen Lyons, M.S., MT-BC, CBISNeurologic Music Therapist
Neurorehabilitation Specialist, Community Skills Program®
Brain Stem♪ Processes sound reverberation to
determine location of sound’s origin
♪ Responsible for Rhythmic Autonomic
Functions:
♪ Respiration
♪ Heartbeat
♪ Blood pressure
Temporal Lobe♪ Auditory Cortex interprets electrical
impulses into the sounds that we experience
♪ Hippocampus processes memory aspects of sounds
♪ Amygdala determines emotional responses
Cerebellum♪ Provides coordination and balance
needed for♪ Clapping hands
♪ Tapping toes
♪ Playing an instrument
♪ Dancing
Occipital Lobe♪ Visual Processing for
♪ Identifying instruments
♪ Reading music
♪ Interpreting musicians’ movements
Parietal Lobe♪ Processes vibrations from instruments
or speakers that are felt on skin or body
♪ Assists with Language Processing to interpret and understand lyrics
Frontal Lobe♪ Allows for cognition, problem-solving,
and reasoning to interpret and anticipate musical progression
♪ Facilitates planning to assist in music creation and writing
♪ Assists in developing motor skills for playing instruments
Want to Know More?
This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
Daniel J. Levitin
New York, NY: Dutton, 2006
What Is Music Therapy?“Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use
of music interventions to accomplish individualized
goals within a therapeutic relationship by a
credentialed professional who has completed an
approved music therapy program.”-American Music Therapy Association, 2005
Brief History of Music Therapy
♪ Aristotle & Plato: Music as a healing influence
♪ 1800s: First record of a music therapy intervention
♪ 20th century profession after WWI
♪ 1944: First college training program started
Brief History of Music Therapy
(continued)
♪ 1950 and 1971: Professional associations formed
♪ 1980: Music Therapy, a research and clinical journal, first published
♪ 1985: Board-certification started
♪ 1998: Two professional associations merged to form American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)
Music Therapy Interventions Can Be Designed To:
♪ Promote wellness
♪ Manage stress
♪ Alleviate pain
♪ Express feelings
♪ Enhance memory
♪ Improve communication
♪ Promote physical rehabilitation
Generalization and Independent Carry-over
♪ Properties of music are used to work on non-musical goals and skills to be used in everyday life
♪ Musical intervention is faded as abilities improve
♪ Some interventions are taught so that the client can use them independently when discharged from music therapy
Possible Music Therapy Goals
♪ Physical Rehabilitation
♪ Stress Release and Pain Reduction
♪ Memory and Cognitive Processing
♪ Communication and Self-Expression
Physical RehabilitationCase Study:
♪ Adult female, 20 years post-injury
♪ Significant spasticity in left hand
♪ Piano lessons as a child, prior to injury, but had not played since her injury
Who Is Qualified to Provide Music Therapy?
A qualified music therapist must have:
♪ Completed an approved college curriculum
♪ Completed an internship at an approved site
♪ Passed the national examination offered by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT)
♪ Earned the credential of Music Therapist-Board Certified (MT-BC)
What Does a Board-Certified Music Therapist Do?
♪ Assess emotional well-being, physical health, social functioning, communication abilities, and cognitive skills through musical responses
♪ Design and implement music sessions for individuals and groups, based on clients’ needs
♪ Participate in interdisciplinary treatment planning, ongoing evaluation, and follow-up
Where Can I Find aBoard-Certified Music Therapist?♪ Certification Board for Music Therapists
Search online database: www.cbmt.orgThen, obtain MT’s contact info:
[email protected] or 1-800-765-2268
♪ American Music Therapy Association
Search online database: www.musictherapy.org
Funding Sources♪ Medicare: Partial hospitalization programs
♪ Private insurance
♪ State departments of mental health/intellectual
disabilities
♪ Private auto insurance or workers’ compensation
♪ IDEA Part B
♪ Grants or private pay
Summary of Purpose and Value of Music Therapy
♪ Research-based
♪ Programs are designed for each individual’s needs
♪ Uses music to help individuals achieve non-musical goals and improve function in everyday life
♪ Fun and motivating
For More InformationAmerican Music Therapy Association
301-589-3300www.musictherapy.org
Certification Board for Music Therapists 610-269-8900
or 1-800-765-CBMT (2268)www.cbmt.org