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    Muslim Genocide CPIslamophobic legislation is sustained by an unofcially

    tolerated obscene and racist underside o the law, the only

    way to conront these insane racist mindsets is to overconorm

    to them, breaking their underlying antasies and revealing

    their immoral nature

    KIP! "#$#(Henry, Professor of Cultural Studies and Andrew W. Mellon all ClaremontChair of Humanities at Claremont Graduate University; !he Politi"s of the Ga#e$ %ou"ault,&a"an and 'ie)*, Culture Un+ound, olume -, -/0

    1t is "lear that the 2lm theoreti" a""ount of %ou"ault that Co34e" uses, misre3resents %ou"ault5s "on"e3t of the 3ano3ti" 6a#e, and that thismisre3resentation, in turn, is res3onsi+le for her insisten"e u3on a 6a3 +etween the %ou"auldian and &a"anian "on"e3ts of the 6a#e. 7y "orre"tlyre3resentin6 %ou"ault, 1 have "losed this 6a3. A fortiori 1 have "han6ed the e8"lusively "onservative 3oliti"al valen"e that, in virtue of its fun"tion as adis"i3linary tool that su33orts the status 9uo, has "ome to +e asso"iated with the 3ano3ti"on. 1n 3arti"ular, 1 allow that, l i)e the &a"anian 6a#e, andde3endin6 on "onte8t, the %ou"auldian 6a#e may have either disru3tive, :ionysian ee"ts or "onservative, A3ollonian ee"ts.< %ou"ault5s 3ra"ti"es offreedom* are one way of thin)in6 the 3ossi+ility of disru3tive ee"ts. =ather than 3ursuin6 this line of thou6ht at an a+stra"t level, however, 1 turn 2nallyto Slavo4 'ie)5s wor), in 3arti"ular his "on"e3t of over"onformity, in order to show that, +y re"on"eivin6 the 3ano3ti" 6a#e alon6 the lines that 1 have

    su66ested, new 3oliti"al 3ossi+ilities arise for o33osin6 modern re6imes of surveillan"e.Central to 'ie)5s a""ount of the modern

    state is the "on"e3t of an obscene underside o the law *, namely wides3read practices>3etty ta8 evasion, s3eedin6, wal)in6 on the 6rass, et" > which, although strictly speaking illicit, are

    unofcially tolerated% &his network o practices is sustained thanks to what

    'ie) "alls an 'ideological phantasy( that keeps them an 'open secret( )

    everyone knows about and participates in them in private, but no one

    mentions them, let alone publicly *aunts participating in them%Su"h 3ra"ti"es"onstitute 3oints of failure of the law in so far as they fall in an indeterminate #one in relation to le6al "ate6ories$ on the one hand, in so far as they aretolerated they are not strai6htforwardly ille6al, +ut, on the other hand, neither are they le6al; and as su"h, "onstitute a fundamental ille6ality at the heartof the le6al system. 'ie)5s 3oint is that, rather than underminin6 the law, the o+s"ene underside of the law sustains it > the law is tol?erated +e"ause ofthe little se"ret 3leasures that 3eo3le derive from its o+s"ene underside. 1n &a"anian terms, we may say that the o+s"ene underside of the law is the set ofne"essary +ut re3ressed 3oints of failure of the le6al system > in short, it is the sym3tom of the le6al system. 1n 3arti"ular, in the "onte8t of a le6al statea33aratus that is held in 3la"e +y a 3ano3ti" system of surveillan"e, the o+s"ene underside of the law is a liminal #one of hi6h an8iety that, li)e the@m3eror5s +ody under his new "lothes, is o+s"enely visi+le to ea"h of his su+4e"ts in the 3riva"y of their own visual 2eld, yet must +e shrouded in a "loa)

    of invisi+ility in the 3u+li" realm. !his is the site of the 6a#e.+ow are we to opposesu"ha system, which

    seemin6ly "oe8ists with, indeeddepends upon its own systematic transgressionA""ordin6 to 'ie),not by acts o resistance, sin"e the system is readily a+le to a""ommodate, indeed de3ends u3on su"h a"ts. Instead, 'ie) su66ests o33ositionthrough acts o overconormity, which, rather than protesting let alone

    breaking the law, insist upon itto the letter,even when ideolo6i"al'common sense(suggests otherwise%1n 3arti"ular, this means a refusal to turn a +lind eye* from manifestations of law5s o+s"ene underside. As'ie) 3uts it$ Sometimes, at least > the truly su+versive thin6 is not to disre6ard the e83li"it letter of &aw on +ehalf of the underlyin6 fantasies, +ut tosti") to this letter a6ainst the fantasy whi"h sustains itB.1s not an e8em3lary "ase of su"h su+version?throu6h?identi2"ation 3rovided +y aroslav HDse)5s!he Good Soldier S"hwei), the novel whose hero wrea)s total havo" +y sim3ly e8e"utin6 the orders of his su3eriors in an over#ealous and all?too?literalway ('ie) /EEF$ , --, /0. What "onstitutes su"h strate6ies of over"onformity in the "onte8t of a modern 3ano3ti" re6ime of surveillan"e Answer$o3enlyI3u+li"ly sti")in6 to the letter of the law +y refusin6 the "loa) of invisi+ility that shrouds the law5s 3oints of failure; in other words, +y refusin6 toindul6e what 'ie) "alls the ideolo6i"al fantasy *, or"hestratin6 a dire"t en"ounter with the o+4et a 9ua 6a#e. !o 3ut it in 'ie)5s terms, it is a matter ofa"tively endorsin6 the 3assive "onfrontation with the o+4et a, +y3assin6 the intermediate role of the s"reen of fantasy* ('ie) /EEF$ /0. !o +e s3e"i2",it is matter o not merely saying but also acting out publicly what

    everyone knows in private but dares not say- not merely announcing in

    public that the .mperor is naked, but arresting him or indecent e/posure%7y &a"aniani#in6 %ou"ault, as 1 have done here, we are a+le to understand the lo6i" +ehind su"h heterodo8 strate6ies for o33osin6 modern re6imes of

    surveillan"e.

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    Counterplan- &he 0nited !tate ederal government should

    enact a two part law- the 1rst shall re2uire that the

    government substantially increase its radical islamophobic

    rhetoric and propaganda, while maintaining status 2uo anti3Islamic institutions4 &he second shall direct the government to

    prepare or the mass e/termination o the 5merican3Muslim

    population%

    ? Plan 3lan) one is funding$ all funds will +e a33ro3riated throu6h normalmeans

    ? Plan 3lan) two is enforcement$ the "ounter3lan will +e enfor"ed +y thee8e"utive +ran"h

    ? Plan 3lan) three is specication$o

    %irst, the CP le6islation only allows for the 3re3aration of muslim6eno"ide +ut +ans it from ever a"tually +ein6 le6islated or "arriedout.

    o Pre3aration will in"lude the 6atherin6 and 3u+li" dis3lay of -.million "oJns, the "reation of fa)e 6as "ham+ers, 3u+li" assem+lyof the military, and the de"laration of a state of emer6en"y.

    o !he law will "ontain an amendment a")nowled6in6 its falsity yetwill maintain the se"re"y of this amendment until 3rotest for"es thelaw to +e "han6ed or until 3re3arations are "om3lete at whi"h 3ointthe law will +e mandatorily e8tin6uished.

    &he CP causes mass protests and social movements against

    islamophobia!tekelenburg and Klandermans, $#, 6ri7e 0niversityK,K U University,htt3$IIwww.surrey.a".u)I3oliti"sIresear"hIresear"hareasofstaIis33summera"ademyIinstru"torsISo"ialL-Psy"holo6yL-ofL-Protest,L-anL-Ste)elen+ur6L-L-L-landermans.3df

    8iscussions about politics within networks increase efcacy and transorm

    individual grievances into shared grievances and group3based anger,

    which translates into protest participationB..Prominent amon6 6rievan"etheories was relative de3rivation theory. %eelin6s of relative deprivation resultrom comparison o one9s situation with a standard ) be it one9s past,

    someone else9s situation, or a cognitive standard such as e2uity or 7ustice

    (%ol6er, /EN0. 1f "om3arison results in the "on"lusion that one is not re"eivin6 whatone deserves, a 3erson e83erien"es relative de3rivation. =un"iman (/E0 referredto relative de3rivation +ased on 3ersonal "om3arisons as e6oisti" de3rivation and torelative de3rivation +ased on 6rou3 "om3arisons as fraternalisti" de3rivation.=esear"h su66ests that fraternalisti" deprivation is particularly important or

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    engagement in protest(Ma4or, /EEO; Martin, /EN0. %oster and Matheson (/EEE0,however, showed that the relation is more "om3le8. !hey demonstrate that whenthe group9s e/perience becomes relevant or one9s own e/perience )i%e%

    when the personal becomes political ) motivation to protest increases%People who e/perience both personal deprivation and group deprivation

    are the most strongly motivated to take to the streets%n the +asis of a

    meta?analysis, an Qomeren et al. (-N0 "on"lude that the "o6nitive "om3onent ofrelative de3rivation (as reRe"ted in the o+servation that one re"eives less than thestandard of "om3arison0 has less inRuen"e on a"tion 3arti"i3ation than the ae"tive"om3onent (as e83ressed +y su"h feelin6s as dissatisfa"tion, indi6nation anddis"ontent a+out these out"omes0. e8t to relative de3rivation, so"ial 3sy"holo6istshave a33lied so"ial 4usti"e theory to theori#e on 6rievan"es and 3rotest (!yler andSmith, /EEN0. So"ial 4usti"e literature distin6uishes +etween two "lasses of 4usti"e

    4ud6ements$ distri+utive and 3ro"edural 4usti"e. :istri+utive 4usti"e is similar torelative de3rivation; it refers to the fairness of out"omes. Pro"edural 4usti"e refers tothe fairness of de"isionma)in6 3ro"edures and the relational as3e"ts of the so"ial3ro"ess (+ein6 treated with res3e"t, di6nity, et".; !yler and Smith, /EEN0. Peoplecaremore about how they are treatedthan a+out out"omes > do authoritiestreat them with respect, can authorities be trusted to do well by their

    peoplen the +asis of these 2ndin6s, !yler and Smith 3ro3osed that 3ro"edural7ustice might be a more powerul predictor o social movement

    participationthan distri+utive 4usti"e, althou6h they never tested this idea dire"tly(+ut see 7lader T-F for a test in the "onte8t of la+our union 3arti"i3ation0.Grievan"es and 3rotest. 5t the heart o every protest are grievances, be itthe e/perience o illegitimate ine2uality, eelings o relative deprivation,

    eelings o in7ustice, moral indignation about some state o a:airs, or a

    suddenly imposed grievance(landermans, /EEF0. 1lle6itimate ine9uality is whatrelative de3rivation and so"ial 4usti"e theories are a+out. !uddenly imposed

    grievances reer to an une/pected threat or inroad upon people9s rights orcircumstances(Walsh, /EN/0. Grievances resulting rom violated principlesreer to moral outrage because it is elt that important values or principles

    are violated%1n more 6eneral terms, inter6rou3 "onRi"ts "an +e framed as "onRi"tsof 3rin"i3les or "onRi"ts of material interests (an Ste)elen+ur6 and landermans,-E0. !his distin"tion is im3ortant in the "onte8t of 3rotest, +e"ause in a "onRi"t ofinterests 3eo3le are more in"lined to ta)e an instrumental route to 3rotest toenfor"e "han6e, whereas a con*ict o principlesmore li)ely leads to protestsin which people e/press their views and indignation(an Ste)elen+ur6 et al.,-E0.

    !ocial movements spill over orming new movements, and they

    permanently reshape culture and mindsets ) the counterplan

    solves the ma7ority o islamophobia ;$ min *at )medium?9, So"ial Pro+lems, ol. O/, o. - (May, /EEO0, 33. -FF?-EN :M:

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    !ocial movements are notdistin"t and sel3contained4rather,they growfrom and 6ive +irth toother movements, workin "oalitionwith other movements, and in*uence each otherindire"tly throu6h their ee"ts on the lar6er "ultural and 3oliti"al environment. 7uildin6 on +oth 3oliti"al 3ro"ess and "olle"tiveidentity 3ers3e"tives, this 3a3er uses a "ase study of the womenVs movementVs im3a"t on U.S. 3ea"e movement a"tivity in the/ENs to develo3 a theory of movement?movement inRuen"e. We ar6ue that thisinRuen"e is shown +y$/0 the ado3tion of feministideolo6i"al frames +y the 3ea"e movement; -0 the s3read of the womenVs movementVs ta"ti"al innovations into 3ea"e 3rotest; 0in"reased 3resen"e of women in leadershi3 3ositions in +oth the institutionally?oriented and dire"t a"tion win6s of the movement;and O0 the ado3tion of or6ani#ational stru"tures that +uilt on feminist 3ro"esses desi6ned to avoid hierar"hy. :rawin6 data from +othmovements a lo"al and national levels, we su66est four me"hanisms of transmission +etween the movements$ /0 or6ani#ational"oalitions; -0 overla33in6 so"ial movement "ommunities; 0 shared 3ersonnel; and O0 +roader "han6es in the e8ternal environment.So"ial movements3illover ee"ts have im3li"ations for our understandin6 of+oth the "ontinuity and im3a"t of so"ial 3rotestmovementsBBSo"ial movements are not self?"ontained and narrowly fo"used unitary a"tors, +ut rather are a "olle"tion of formalor6ani#ations, informal networ)s, and unaJliated individuals en6a6ed in a more or less "oherent stru66le for "han6e (7ue"hler

    /EE; M"Carthy and Qald /EFF; Morris /ENO; Sta66en+or6 /ENE0. 7e"ausesocial movementsas3ire tochangenot only speci1c policies, but also broad cultural and institutional

    structures, they have ee"ts far +eyond their e83li"itly arti"ulated 6oals.&he ideas, tactics, style,participants, and organi@ations o one movementoften spill overits +oundaries toae"t other so"ial movementsBBMovements"an a:ect one another by passinginormation about state responses to collective action, identiying

    potential strengths and vulnerabilities in the political structure, or

    a:ecting changes in the e/ternal environment that restructure political

    opportunities (Gamson and Meyer /EE-0BB Se"ond, and more im3ortant for our 3ur3oses, as a movement shifts intoa+eyan"e on one set of issues, its 3ersonnel and or6ani#ations may swit"h the 6rounds of the "hallen6e to another set of issues.=osenthal et alBB !ocial movements struggle on a broad cultural plane, o which state policy is only one parameter

    (%antasia /ENN; Gus2eld /EN; !aylor and Whittier /EEO0. Wuthnow (/ENE0 su66ests that "ontem3orarysocialmovements are a primary agent o cultural change and , in fa"t, "olle"tive a"tors often

    e83li"itly see) to alter the dominant culture%Cam3ai6ns may fo"us on "han6in6 dis"ourse a+out a 3arti"ularto3i", "hallen6in6 the sym+oli" meanin6 of o+4e"ts, or overturnin6 +ehavioral norms. !he womenVs movement sou6ht to "han6ee83e"tations a+out womenVs "areer and family 3ositions, "riti"i#ed lan6ua6e that rele6ated women to a su+ordinate 3osition, andar6ued a6ainst standards of feminine a33earan"e re9uirin6 women to wear ma)e?u3 and restri"tive "lothin6 (!aylor and Whittier/EE0. !ocial movement strategies draw on the dominant culture as well as incorporate new symbols, reconstruct

    discourse, and display alternative norms(Swidler /EN0. Movementsproduce culture, and "ultural"han6es are an im3ortant 3rodu"t of "olle"tive a"tion... !he "ultural "han6es 3romoted +y a so"ial movement ae"t not only thee8ternal environment +ut also other so"ial movements. As se8ism and ra"ism +e"ame less a""e3ta+le in U.S. so"iety, for e8am3le,they +e"ame less a""e3ted in so"ial movement or6ani#ations as well. %urther, as %reeman (/EN0 ar6ues, the social movementsof

    the /Es encouraged activists to take up a broad variety o issues in e/tra3institutional challenges+y demonstratin63oliti"al eJ"a"y, e83andin6 ta"ti"al re3ertoires, and le6itimatin6 3rotest. @ssentially, theyhel3ed create a "ivi"culture o political activism in which lobbying, protest, and organi@ingwereAbecomeB socially acceptable parts o everyday lie%1m3ortantly, these broadcultural changes in*uencedthe development o movements on the let and

    the right%%inally, so"ial movements inRuen"e the 3eo3le who 3arti"i3ate in them. &hrough movementparticipation, individuals construct new politici@ed perspectives on the

    world and their own identities (%erree and Miller /EN

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    movement s"holars in"reasin6ly re"o6ni#e, movements do notne"essarily end with policy victoriesor deeats or with the demise o particular movement organi@ations (M"Adam/ENN; =u33 and !aylor /ENF; !aylor /ENE; Whalen and %la")s /ENF0. &ater movements may e83ress 3rede"essorsV "on"erns anda+sor+ their a"tivists; movements seemin6ly in de"line may +e reRe"ted and transformed in on6oin6 so"ial and 3oliti"al stru66les.%or s"holars s3illover ee"ts are "ause for 6reater analyti"al in"lusivity of intera"tions amon6 movements and for resear"hdeterminin6$ what fa"tors ma)e one set of issues most 3romisin6 for 3oliti"al a"tion at a 6iven time; and what varia+les sha3e thede6ree of inter?movement inRuen"e. %or a"tivists, spillover e:ects are cause or greater optimism about movementsurvival and the scope o social movement in*uence%

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    5& Perm do both

    Perm severs the entire af) the CP necessitates the

    continuation o all status 2uo anti3islamic institutions in order

    to give the CP credibility and solvency ) that9s key tooverconormity