Acids, Bases, & Salts

Acids, Bases, & SaltsPresentation by Navaneeth.S VII th D ACIDS Acids are those substances which are sour in taste, produce burning sensation on touching and which turn blue litmus to red. Examples Citric acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid. Curd, lemon juice, orange juice and vinegar taste sour. These substances taste sour because they contain acids.The chemical nature of such substances is a acidic. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere which means sour.

ACIDSNAME OF ACIDFOUND IN Acetic AcidVinegarFormic acidAnts stingCitric AcidCitrus foods such as oranges, lemons etcLactic AcidCurdOxalic AcidSpinachAscorbic Acid (Vit C)Amla, citrus fuitsTartaric AcidTamarid, grapes, unripe mango etc Bases are those substances which are bitter in taste, are soapy to touch and which turn red litmus to blue. Example Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide etc.

The nature of such substances is said to be basic.

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NAME OF BASESFOUND INCalcium HydroxideLime WaterAmmonium HydroxideWindow CleanerSodium Hydroxide/Potassium HydroxideSoapMagnesium HydroxideMilk of Magnesia The special substances which are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic are known as indicators The indicators change color when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance. Some of the naturally occurring indicators areturmeric, litmus, china rose petals etc.

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LITMUS PAPER Acids turns blue litmus red taste sour Acids corrode metals Bases turns red litmus blue taste bitter Feel Slipper Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases

Properties of Acids and basesACTIVITY TEST WITH DIFFERENT INDICATORSTEST SOLUTIONCHINA ROSE INDICATORTURMERIC INDICATORLITMUS SOLUTION BLUE/REDHCL (Hydrochloric Acid)RedNo change Blue to RedNAoH Sodium HydroxideGreenRedRed to BlueSoap solutionGreenRedRed to BlueBaking PowderGreen RedRed to BlueLemon Juice/ Tomato JuiceRedNo ChangeBlue to RedVinegarRedNo ChangeBlue to RedSugarNo Change No ChangeNo Change The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralization. Salt and water areproduced in this process with the evolution of heat. In neutralization reaction heat is always produced or evolved. In neutralization reaction a new substance is formed. This is called salt. Salt may be acidic, basic or neutral in nature.NEUTRALISATIONInsect Stings Bee stings are acidic and can be neutralized with baking soda. Wasp Stings are alkaline and can be neutralized with Vinegar.

Indigestion Our Stomach carriers around hydrochloric acid. Too much of this leads to indigestion. To cure indigestion, you can neutralize the excess acid with Milk of Magnesia or take antacidApplications of Neutralization

Soil Treatment When soils are too acidic they can be treated with slaked lime, chalk or quicklime, all alkalis. Plants and Crops grow best in neutral soils.

Factory wasteLiquid waste from factories is often acidic. If it reaches a river it will destroy and kill sea life of many forms. Neutralizing the waste slaked lime can prevent this.Continued

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