my arabic language lessons series

7/28/2019 My Arabic Language Lessons Series

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Arabic Language course

Porter Road MosqueDerby United Kingdom Given By: Moham ed Ali Alaswed


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By: Mohamed Alaswed

Lessons Plan:

Lesson Duration outcome

1 Review ArabicAlphabet, and theirequivalents inEnglish.

10min Students are expected: Identify Arabic

alphabet Identify alphabet

forms Make a basic

hello andgoodbyeconversation

Identify Alphabetforms

15min

Arabic vocabulary 10min

ConversationalArabic: Hello &Goodbyeconversation

5min

2 Review alphabetforms

10min Students are expected: Identify vowel

marks Understand how

to Join letterstogether

Make a basicconversationwhen meeting

people. Vowel marks 10min Structuring words

in Arabic15min

Conversational

Arabic: meetingpeople

5min

3 Arabic grammar 15min Students are expected: Understand a

brief history ofthe Arabicgrammar.

Understand theArabic pronounsfor singular

Understand theArabic pronouns


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for plural Identify Arabic

numbers from 1-10

Arabic pronouns

for singular

10min

Arabic pronounsfor plural

10min

Arabic numbers 10min

4 Review Arabic Tensesand type of sentences

15min The students areexpected to:

Understandtenses in Arabic

Understand type

of sentences inArabic perfect tense Imperfect tense Understand

colors in Arabic Perfect tense

examples10min

Imperfect tenseexamples

10min

Colors in Arabic 10min


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Lesson_21. Review Alphabet forms

As we said last class, each letter of the Arabic alphabet has four main forms to writeit, initial, medial, final and detached. Below are a few examples of Arabic alphabetforms in words


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2. Arabic Vowels:

There are two types of vowels in Arabic which are: short vowels and long vowels.

Below are the vowel marks. Note that The nn, in and un marks are often put at the endof the word.

Short vowels Ex:


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Long vowels Ex:


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Hamza

This is how Hamza looks like: and it sounds like A

When a vowel comes at the beginning of a word the first letter alif is written as well asa vowel mark with hamza . For example ashn is written as

ushn is written as

Ishn as

The long aa at the front is marked by a madda mark over the alif . This word is read as

AAshn

Another mark is a doubler called tashdeed or shadda . For example in this word the sh

letter has to be sounded twice and it reads as shshn


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Meeting People conversation

What's your name? = = ma-smuk?

My name is Salim = = 'ismisalim

His name is Rashid = = 'ismuhu

Rashid

Her name is Warda = = 'ismuhawarda

I'm a tourist (as uttered by a man) = =

'ana sa'ih

I'm a tourist (as uttered by a woman) =

= 'ana sa'iha

I'm working here = = 'acmal huna

I'm a student (as uttered by a man) =

= 'ana talib

I'm a student (as uttered by a woman) == 'ana taliba


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Lesson_3Introduction to Arabic grammar:

Due to the rapid expansion of Islam in the 8th century many people learned Arabic as

a lingua franca or a common language. For this reason, the earliest grammatical

treatises on Arabic are often written by non-native speakers.

Traditionally, the grammatical sciences are divided into four branches:

al-lugah (lexicon) concerned with collecting and explaining vocabulary.at-ta-rif (morphology) determining the form of the individual words.

an-na-w (syntax) primarily concerned with inflection (i-rab) which had already

been lost in dialects.

al-istiqaq (derivation) examining the origin of the words.

Arabic Nouns and pronouns

Noun:

The Arabic noun can take one of three states of definiteness:

Definite

Indefinite

construct state.

The definite state is marked by the article al-. The indefinite state is marked by an

ending -n (nunation). The construct state is unmarked and occurs in the first member

of a genitive construction.


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Arabic Personal Pronouns:

Singular:

I - anaa, for example: anaa katabtu - I wrote.thou (masculine) - anta, for example: anta katabta - thou wrotest.

thou (feminine) - anti, for example: anti katabti - thou wrotest.

he (masculine) - huwa, for example: huwa kataba - he wrote.

she (feminine) - hiya, for example: hiya katabat - she wrote.

Plural:

we - naHnu, for example: naHnu katabnaa - we wrote.

you (pl. masculine) - antum, for example: antum katabtum - you wrote.

you (pl. feminine) - antunna, for example: antunna katabtunna - you wrote.

you two (dual masc and fem) - antumaa katabtumaa - you two wrote.

they (masc) - hum, for example: hum katabuu - they wrote.

they (fem) - hunna, for example: hunna katabna - they wrote.they two (dual masc) - humaa - humaa katabaa - they two wrote.

they two (dual fem) - humaa - humaa katabataa - they two wrote.

Numbers:


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Lesson_4Two Types of Arabic Sentences:

1. Verbal sentence: the sentence starts with the verb and subject follows. The verb is

always in the singular form even for the cases where the subject is dual or plural.

Examples for the verbal sentence:

dhahaba abiy ila Cairo - literal translation - has gone my father to Cairo. But, it really

means - my father has gone to Cairo.

raja'a abiy min Cairo - literal translation - returned my father from Cairo. But, it reallymeans - my father returned from Cairo.

la'iba al-waladaani - the two boys played (dual).

la'iba al-awlaadu - the boys played.

As you see, the verb is always in the singular form even though the subject is in dual

or plural.

2. Nominal sentence: the sentence starts with the noun or subject and the others

follow. The verb must agree with the subject in number and gender. Examples for the

nominal sentence:

abiy raja'a min Cairo - My father returned from Cairo.

akhiy kataba - my brother wrote.

al-waladu la'iba - the boy played.

al-waladaani la'ibaa - the two boys played (dual).

al-awlaadu la'iboo - boys played (boys is plural = "they" so the equivalent verb for

"they" is "la'iboo").

As you see, the verb agrees with the subject in number.

anaa wa akhiy wa abiy dhahabnaa ila Cairo - I and my brother and my father went to

Cairo. In this sentence, I, and my brother and my father are equivalent to "us."

Therefore, the verb must agree with the "us," e.g., dhahabnaa.


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Gender:

Arabic has two genders, expressed by pronominal as well as by verbal agreement.

Agreement with numerals shows a peculiar 'polarity'. The genders are usually referred

to as masculine and feminine, but the situation is more complicated than that. The'feminine' gender is also used to express 'singulatives'.

The marker for the feminine gender is a -t- suffix, but some nouns without this marker

also take feminine agreement (e. g. umm 'mother', ard 'earth'). Already in Classical

Arabic, the -t marker was not pronounced in pausa. It is written with a special letter

(ta marbuta) indicating that a t sound is to be pronounced in sandhi but not in pausa.

Tenses:

There are two main tenses in the Arabic language. 1.Perfect Tense, 2.Imperfect Tense

or the Present Tense. The action is completed in the perfect tense. You may also call

this as the past tense because the action is completed before the present so it belongs

to the past. For example, one may say, "I ate". The action of eating was finished in the

past. The past could be a few minutes or a few decades before the present time.

Alternately, in the second tense, i.e., the imperfect, the action is still continuing. For

example, you knock on the door and walk in. You see he is eating his meal. He says to

you, "I am eating". The action is still continuing, he is still eating while talking to you.

This is the present tense in English. It is also the "imperfect tense" in Arabic. You

look at the table above and locate the pronoun "I" on the left column and follow it to

the right to the "imperfect" column. You will see the verb, "akulu". It means, "I am

eating" or "I eat". What about the future tense? Well, there is not such a thing as the

future tense in Arabic. This is done by adding the prefix "sa" to the imperfect form of

the verb. For example, let's look at the table above to find out the imperfect form of

the verb "akala". It is "ya'kulu". Add the prefix "sa" to the "ya'kulu" you get,

"saya'kulu" which means "He will eat".


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Colors in Arabic:


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:References

htm.a2arabic/arabic/arabworld/net.prw.web.cecilmarie://http

asp.grammar/arabic/org.language-arabic.www://http

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