my mini -project report.pdf

COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEM OF MOGADISHU

ICT SOLUTION CENTRE

A MINI-PROJECT REPORT

______________________________

Submitted by ABDINAJIB JAMA ROBLE

1404001028

______________________________

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of the degree

Of

Bachelor of Science

IN

Information Technology (BSc IT)

Under the guidance of

Mr. Kibwika Nasurudin Bashir

SEPTEMBER 2015

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to thank Almighty Allah for giving me the energy in

completion of such an arduous task. I also acknowledge with deep gratitude to those authors

whose names are mentioned in bibliography for helping me to understand this networking

concept and working on it by very short time.

I would like to thank my supervisor Mr. Kibwika Nasurudin Bashir for the patient

guidance, correcting my mistakes, encouragement and advice he has provided throughout

spending his time. I have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much

about my work, and who responded to my questions and queries so promptly.

I must express my gratitude to my talented mother Fatima Yusuf Elmi for standing beside

me throughout my career and doing this project. She has been my inspiration and motivation

for continuing to improve my knowledge and move my career forward. I dedicate this project

to her. Thanking you my mother for loving me the good thing and Am sure that can't reward

you but May Allah reward you and grantee you his Jannah Firdowz (The highest level of

Paradise).

Finally, I also want to thank my Family and Friends whose I can't summarize their names

here for their time, and ideas that they have shared with me to say this is good design and this

is not. I also can't forget the Manager of Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre Mohamed Ali Farah

and all the stuff for working with me giving all the information that I needed from the

company.

Any kind of your suggestion, opinions and views will be cordially accepted in improving this

project.

ABDINAJIB JAMA ROBLE

Kampala, Uganda

Email: [email protected]

Cell phone: +256 791 191 075

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE III

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Mini-Project Report titled COMPUTER NETWORK

SYSTEM OF MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE bonafide work of

ABDINAJIB JAMA ROBLE who carried out the project work under my

supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT FACULTY IN CHARGE

(SIGNATURE WITH DATE) (SIGNATURE WITH DATE)

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY

Plot 11A, Rotary Avenue Lugogo Bypass,

Kololo, Kampala, (Uganda),

Ph: +256-41-4237524/5/6

Fax: +256-414237526

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE IV

ABSTRACT

This project is intended to plan and implement a good and secure computer

network system for MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE. The company is

having 4 branches and each branch consists of 7 departments. By the use of

WAN Wide Area Network with internet access; my project is looking after

making life easier of this company for all the staff in the company since

information shall be flowing in cables not as before it was when everyone had

to move from say branch to another branch to attend the receipts of the week to

record at the main office. so my project makes life easier since the branch

managers or the staff has to be knowing only the IP address of the main branch

or the destination that they are accessing and simply data will reach in a shortest

time possible. Also the other issue of this company is computers are not

connected to each other, this led to transfer of information using memory sticks

which also limits transfer of bulk information because of small space on the

flash or pen drive.

With future growth of the company they may need adding of extra routers and

switches. This will require careful configurations, especially on switches and

routers as sometimes the old switches or routers may over write the new once

and the old configuration that company was using will be lost. To avoid that I

will be given them the map of the network.

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION………… …….…........………..1

1.1 Overview of the Project………………………...........………….....1

1.1.1 Title of the Project……………………….......………......2

1.2 Objectives……………………………….......................................2

1.3 Scope…………………………………………………....................3

1.4 Company Profile………...................................................................3

2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS.…...….……......…...............5

2.1 Existing System…………………………………….............……...5

2.2 Feasibility Study…………………………….........………………..5

2.2.1 Economical Feasibility……………………….....……........5

2.2.2 Technical Feasibly…………………………………............6

2.2.3 Operational Feasibility………………………............…….7

2.3 Development Requirement Specifications…………........................8

2.3.1 Tools………………………………………………......…...9

2.4 Operational Requirement……………………………………...….10

2.4.1 System Requirement…………………….……..................11

2.4.2 Software Requirement…………………..........…...............11

2.4.3 Hardware Requirement……………………………..…….12

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE VI

3 SYSTEM DESIGN …………..............................13

3.1 Architecture Design....................................................................................13

3.2 Star Topology….........................................................................................13

3.2.1 Advantages of Star Topology………………………………...14

3.2.1 Disadvantages of Star Topology……………………………..14

3.3 Physical topology………………………………………………………....15

3.3.1 Routers…………………………………………………….....15

3.3.2 Switches………………………………...................................16

3.3.3 PCs………………………………………...............................17

3.3.4 Cables…………………………………………………..........17

3.4 Logical Topology……………………………….………………………....18

3.4.1 VLANS……………………………………….…………..19

3.4.2 Assigning IP address.......................……………………...20

3.4.3 Router on Stick…...............................................................23

3.4.4 EIGRP………………………………................................23

3.5 Configuring and Testing the Local Area Network………………………...24

4 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT.................................28

4.1 Screenshots …............................................................................................28

4.1.1 Input Design….........................….…………………………...31

4.1.2 Output Design…………………….............................………..31

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE VII

4.2 Coding …...................................................................................................34

4.2.1 Assigning IP Addresses all hosts………………...…………...34

4.2.2 Configuring VLANS……….............................….........……..37

4.2.3 Configuring Router-on-stick.........................………...............45

4.2.3 Configuring EIGRP……….............................………..............50

4.3 Testing whole network...............................................................................52

5 CONCLUSION......................................................55

5.1 Summary... …............................................................................................55

5.1.1 Future Work….........................….…………………………...56

References / Bibliography..............…………………….............................………..57

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE VIII

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT

Computer Network System of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE Page 1

CHAPTER ONE: INTODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PROJECT

MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE is a business company located at Mogadishu

Somalia. Established early in the year of 2007, this firm operates more than 40 employees

right now but earlier they started with 5employees at one branch. Now they have 4 branches

and each branch is having 7 departments (Sales, Marketing, Financial, Trainings, Software

development, solutions and last Accounting Departments.) and each department is working

with 2 employees. This company doesn't have any computer network so they just keep data in

Excel Spreadsheets later on every branch manager has to take the data to the main branch at

the end of the week. It has became a big task and may be sometimes data can be lost or

corrupted, or there is no backup system. So they decided to change their system and they

need a networker to solve their issue. For me, I decided to make them a real reliable secure

computer network system and I have made it my objectives to provide the clearest, simple

solution to the staff members and all the company for a secure computer network.

The four branches are not far away from each other so I will just make use of concept named

WAN(Wide Area Network) to connect them together all. There is also an ISP (Internet

Service Provider) which will provide an internet connection to all branches that I have

connected together and each branches will have a secure internet.

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEM OF MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE is a

secure computer network system that enables Mogadishu ICT to communicate their different

departments and braches of the company as well to share their resources like the files,

printer, scanner and information(data).

The main objectives of this project is to create a reliable connection between different

branches of Mogadishu ICT company and also to communicate staff members in each and

every department of an each branch.


This computer network system also have a security and its free from any error or won't allow

hackers to interrupt the network by using any technique they want weather finding IP

Addressing or using system opened ports. Also in this system there is no any delay capability

to the connection or printing the files and also it have very high data transmission.

I will implement using layer 3 devices such a router and switches in each and every branch.

After connecting them all the branches together, then I will enable to connect their internet

that I will install the ISP(Internet Service Provider) to the Main Branch (Branch 1). Later

Using Routing protocols will make easy them to get internet to all other branches of that

company.

1.1.1 TITLE OF THE PROJECT

The Name of my project is Computer Network System of Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre.

It is a secure computer network system that enables Mogadishu ICT to communicate their

different department of braches company as well to share their resources(like a file, printer,

scanner) and information(data) such a printers and other essential files.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

To simplify the flow of information from one office branch to another office, that is to say a

branch manager/staff member shouldn't move to the main office branch to attend the data of

customer like how items sold at that particular day or week.

� To improve the speed on which task can be done in the different offices, that is to say

one should not move to another office to do different work. For Example using Printer

to print out information rather than staff(His/her) just sends information via cable by

the use of Ethernet thus printing his/her work.

� To improve the security of information against the careless employees who might lose

the information on the papers, so in this case the information will be running through

cables.


� To eliminate use of simple media like flash disk, floppy disk, CDs, that can be easily

destroyed or lost thus networking by use of Ethernet becomes very useful in this

place.

� To bridge up the gap between the modernity and technology, this is to say customer

and employees will be updated about what is happening elsewhere in the world.

1.3 SCOPE

MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE is a company that trades in electronic systems so

our main aim is to:-

�� To establish a network which is free from any attacks by using weather firewalls or

opened port number in systems of the company in case of receiving and sending vital

information from one department like sales to accounts or even outside world

(Sending into another branch) through wired or wireless connection .

�� Focusing to get more reliable connection (weather internal connection between

departments in the branch or through internet to worldwide) are free from any

error and also to get beneficial system that help the company more and more than the

previous system were working.

�� To ensure that there is no delay or wasting of time in case of printing or sharing data.

�� To ensure that the rate of data transmission is very high.

1.4 COMPANY PROFILE

MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE is a business company located at Mogadishu

Somali. Established early in the year of 2007, this firm operates over more than 40 employees

and they grown up now but starting days they had almost 5 employees.

This company offers providing both products, consultancy services and Training in a number

of areas of ICT. As well creation of local Somalis passionate about ICT and the solutions that

can be selected and exploited for the benefit of home users, small business enterprises and

busy IT environments in bigger organizations.


This company deals in trading with all the different kinds of electronics, such a Desktops,

Notebooks, laptops, mobiles, computer peripherals as well Repairing them and other

hardware electronics. In other case In Somalia there is no cards which you can sale

something, In that case they do, Web Design, Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Web

Maintenance, Technical services, Building a new software's and online Trainings.

Mogadishu ICT solution started working with one office located in the largest market of

Somalia named BAKAARO MARKET but right now they have three more branches located

in HamarWeyne, KM4 and Benadir. And also each branch is having 7 departments; Sales

department, Marketing department, Financial department, Training department, Software

development department, solutions department and last Accounting Departments.

The director of this company is named Mohamed Ali Farah , 45years old, finished Somali

University (UNISO) Bachelors of Business administration (BA) and later on Masters of

Business Administration (MBA) and also now he have 15yrs experiment. He works at the

main branch in Bakaaro Market and contact phone is +252615678508/+252615860959.

This is the end of Chapter One


CHAPTER TWO: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre did not have any Computer Network system which they can

communicate, They used to work excel spreadsheets to store data then after each branch

manager has to take the data to the main Branch(Branch 1) to check how many items or

services sold from that branch. So now, they decided to change this manually system to

computer network system in sake of getting reliable communication. Mine, I am trying to

cover their needs. They have been working with 2 PCs each branch department, And my

project will not change their number of PCs in each branch department. I just make them a

network which they can communicate.

2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Here below we shall analyze the ability of Mogadishu ICT Solution to complete this project

successfully, we shall consider about economical feasibility, technical and technological

feasibility, scheduling, and operational feasibility. Rather than we just diving this project and

hoping for the best, also our feasibility study will allow the company manager to investigate

the possible negative and positive outcomes of the project before investing too much time and

money.

2.2.1 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre is medium large company and they are the sponsors of this

project. After several meetings I have held with the company administrators via internet by

online and discussing the economical feasibility of this project we concluded the maximum

cost of allocating this project is $2357 because they required me to implement this project in

their coverage.


2.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

S/N DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION QUANTITITY AMOUNT

01 Router 1841 2 $616

02 Switch 2950 4 $800

03 Cable CAT6 300 M $500

04 Connectors RJ45 120 PCS $100

05 PVC Trunks 16x16mm2 15PCS $5

06 Wood screws 2 inch 45 PCS $6

07 Wall plug 6mm2 45PCS $9

Total $2036

MISCELLENOUS COST = 10% OF MATERIALS PRICE = $20.36

LABOUR COST = $300 [For just Implementing and testing] NB: My planning &

Documentation is for free at this company.

GRAND TOTAL = $2357


2.2.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

The Employee or the Staff of MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE are the end users of

this computer network system, feasibility study and they are ready to provide support and

recommendations to their support to determine the next step of this project since they are the

end users of this system.

Benefits to the Company

� Improvement of the speed which some work can be done in to different offices. E.g.

Printing Documents.

� Data will travel under cables to improvement of Security of their information against

some times of absent minded employees, means no more information on papers.

� No need using media like, Pen drives, Floppy Disk, CDs that can be easily destroyed

or lost. And they will use Network Ethernet Cables to flow the datagram.

� To eliminate the gap between technology for example Customer and Employee used

to update about what has happed in the world.

� To get a secure network which is free from hackers that wants to interrupt the

network.

� To get more reliable connections between customers and members of the staff like

employee.

� To get no delay or wasting time in case of data printing or sharing.

� To have high data transmission rate.


2.3 DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

Description Specification Quantity

Router

1841 series 2 pieces

Switch 2950-24 port

4 pieces

PVC trunks

14x14mm2 pieces

Wall plug/ screw anchor

Not specified it will come

with each and every bucket

Twisted pair cable

CAT 6 600m (Both computer to

switch & Branch to Branch)

Wood screws 21 inch Pieces

Connectors RJ-45 120 pieces


2.3.1 TOOLS

Crimping Tool: used for the process of affixing the RJ-45connectors to the end of a cable.

Hacksaw Blade: for cutting the trunks.

Screw Driver: for fixing the trunks.


Side Cutter: For cutting cables.

Electric Drilling Machine : for drilling a hole of screws.

Punching Tool: to terminate cables.

2.4 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

According to systems, Right now Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre have their own Systems

and It can work with my project. I mean I will enable like to assign IP Addresses, And enable

to some Protocols to connect 4 branches of the company. Let me mention below the systems

they are working with now and I am very sure its eligible of my computer network system:


They are using 12 computers and 1 printer in each Branches so totally 4 branches will be 48

PCs and 4 Printers.

Here below are the minimum requirements to access my project and they have modernized

machines even better than these ones.

• CPU: Intel Pentium III 500 MHz or equivalent

• OS: Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows 7

• RAM: 256 MB Free

• Storage: 250 MB of free disk space

2.4.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

To develop this project, I have to get some system requirements to develop this project and

here below I mentioned the minimum requirements to get access of Cisco packet tracer 6.1.

• CPU: Intel Pentium III 500 MHz or equivalent

• OS: Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows 7

• RAM: 256 MB Free

• Storage: 250 MB of free disk space

• Antivirus is important to a void viruses.

2.4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

To achieve this project, we need some system requirements to access packet tracer and that

software am going to use is Packet Tracer 6.1. Also it takes is 250-300MB in my Local Disk

C to access this project.

Packet Tracer is a simulator software that simulate router, switch and other networking

equipment. Cisco devices are expensive. Packet Tracer cuts costs by simulating all necessary

equipment. Simulation based learning environment helps students in getting hands-on


practice on Cisco devices. Packet Tracer is developed by Cisco system and it is freely

available to Networking Academy instructors, students, alumni, and administrators.

The reason I have used 6.1 is an update version of 4.0, 5.1 and even 6.1. CISCO have added

more new features like update configuration routers and switches. And I really like it.

2.4.3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

We need some hardware requirements to complete development and implementation of this

project and it's here below.

• Routers ( 1841 series 1 piece for each branch)

• Cisco LAN switches (2950-24 series 4 piece of each branch)

• Cables (straight-through and cross-over)

• RJ- 45 (Registered Jack 45)

• PCs

• Screw drivers

• Trunks

• Cat 6 cable

• Wall Plugs

This is the end of Chapter Two


CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

There are different types of Architecture Design, But According to my project I used A

design called Star Topology. The meaning of Topology, The way it looks like, The reason i

preferred to use Start Topology, Advantages and Disadvantages of Star Topology all we

discussed here below.

3.2 STAR TOPOLOGY

Star Topology alternatively referred to as a star network, star topology is one of the most

common network setups. In this arrangement, every node connects to a central hub, switch or

computer; the hub acting as a server and the peripheral devices as clients.

It is also designed with each node (file servers, workstations, and peripherals) connected

directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.

Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to

its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the

network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common with

twisted pair cable. However, it can also be used with coaxial cable or optical fiber cable.


Actually, according to my project I have 4 branches and each branch has a switch which

connects a LAN (Local Area Network) of computers together. Means, The virtual Topology

of my project is Star Topology and Each Switch resample's the connector/hub of the star

topology, Later on We have An Extended Star Topology which contains 4 branches. The

reason I have used Star Topology is simple to install, If one PC in any of the departments

will not affect the chain functionality of the network. Let me conclude, The functional

advantages of Star Topology is much more than Its disadvantages and we shall see here

below.

3.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY

• Easy to install and wire.

• No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.

• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

• Centralized management helps in monitoring the network.

• Its reliable, if one connection fails, it doesn't affect others..

• Very few of data collision as each work stations has its own cable to the server.

3.2.2 DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY

• Reliance on central device: star topology relies on the central device (the switch, hub

or computer). This device is a single point of failure -- if this device fails, the whole

network will fail in turn.

• Higher costs: the need for a central device increases costs compared to the bus and

ring topologies. The star topology also requires more cable when using Ethernet

cables than ring and bus topologies.


• Limited capacity for nodes: as this type of network needs all connections to go

through a central device, the amount of nodes in a network is limited to the central

device's capabilities, whereas bus and ring topologies are not limited in such a way.

3.3 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY

In Physical Topology we have

• A router

• A switch

• PCs

• Cables

3.3.1 ROUTERS

Routers are generally known as intermediate systems, which operate at the network layer of

the OSI reference model, routers are devices used to connect two or more networks (IP

networks) or a LAN to the Internet.

A router has a lot more capabilities than other network devices, such as a hub or a switch that

are only able to perform basic network functions. For example, a hub is often used to transfer

data between computers or network devices, but does not analyze or do anything with the

data it is transferring. By contrast, routers can analyze the data being sent over a network,

change how it is packaged, and send it to another network or over a different network. For

example, routers are commonly used in home networks to share a single Internet connection

between multiple computers.

According to our project, we are using Routers to connect the switches of different branches

of the company. The reason we are using is that We can't communicate two different IP

subnets without Router. Specifically am going to use the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services

Router provides two fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, two integrated High-Speed

WAN Interface Card (HWIC) slots that are compatible with WAN Interface Card (WICs) and


Voice/WAN Interface Cards (VWICs), and one internal Advanced Integration Module (AIM)

slot.

3.3.2 SWITCHES

A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially MAC bridge) is a

computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network, by using

packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device. Unlike less

advanced network hubs, a network switch forwards data only to one or multiple devices that

need to receive it, rather than broadcasting the same data out of each of its ports.

A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and

forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches can also process data

at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality that most

commonly uses IP addresses to perform packet forwarding; such switches are commonly

known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches. Beside most commonly used Ethernet

switches, they exist for various types of networks, including Fiber Channel, Asynchronous

Transfer Mode, and Infinite Band. The first Ethernet switch was introduced by Kalpana in

1990.

In my Project, We use switches to connect PCs, Printers, and Serves to work together by

cables. Also specifically I am going to use switch 2960-24 and it consists of 24 ports that u

can connect whatever you want.


3.3.3 PCS(PERSONAL COMPUTERS)

Personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer designed for use by one person at a time. Prior to

the PC, computers were designed for (and only affordable by) companies who attached

terminals for multiple users to a single large computer whose resources were shared among

all users.

The computers are the end devices in our network. The employee are going to use the PCs

even also staff admin. Each PC is connected to the switch then it will able to connects other

PCs and it will have an internet access. Also we need to test and we shall test it.

3.3.4 CABLES

Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to

another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some

cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable

types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol,

and size. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to

other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.

Twisted Pair Cabling and its is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit

are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI)

from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair

(UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs. It was invented by Alexander

Graham Bell.


In this project, I am going to use a twisted pair cabling and it comes in two varieties:

shielded and unshielded. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most popular and is generally

the best option for networks. Also i will be using CAT 6 cables to carry network traffic

between our branches. Here below are standard terminating the cables into the R45 and I will

use straight through because different switch and computer.

3.4 LOGICAL TOPOLOGY

In logical Topology we have:

• VLANS(Virtual Local Area Networks)

• IP Addresses

• Router on stick

• EIGRP


3.4.1 VLANS

VLANs(Virtual Local Area Networks) is a network of computers that behave as if they are

connected to the same wire even though they may actually be physically located on different

segments of a LAN. VLANs are configured through software rather than hardware, which

makes them extremely flexible. One of the biggest advantages of VLANs is that when a

computer is physically moved to another location, it can stay on the same VLAN without any

hardware reconfiguration.

Advantages of VLANS

• A VLAN is a single broadcast domain which means that if a user in the research

VLAN would send a broadcast frame only users in the same VLAN will receive it.

• Users are only able to communicate within the same VLAN (more on this later).

• Users don't have to be grouped physically together, as you can see we have users in

the Engineering VLAN sitting on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd floor.

So now, In this project we are using VLANS in our network. Each branch has a switch and

each branch department has its own VLAN number. We are using VLANS to reduce

broadcasts. Each switch VLANS has been configured and each and every department has its

own separate network.


Here below are each department and Its VLAN No.

Department VLAN No

DP1 10

DP2 20

DP3 30

DP4 40

DP5 50

DP6 60

DP7 70

3.4.2 IP ADDRESSES

An Internet Protocol address (IP address): is a numerical label assigned to each device

(e.g. computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for

communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface

identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name

indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."

The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this

system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, because

of the growth of the Internet and the predicted depletion of available addresses, a new version

of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995.


Subnet Mask: Short for sub-network mask, a subnet mask is data used for bitwise operations

on a network of IP addresses that has been divided into two or more groups. This process,

known as subnetting, enables each device within a sub-network to communicate, while still

allowing the exchange of information between subnets via the use of a network router.

Dividing a network into subnets can improve security and balance overall network traffic.

Default Gateway: When referring to a network, a gateway is an address used as an entry

point into another network. For example, 166.70.10.1 could be used as a gateway. It is

common for an IP address ending with .1 and .2 to be a network's gateway. The gateway is

commonly the address of a network device such as a network router.

According to this project, we use unique IP addresses that is assigned to every computer and

printer. And we give the IP addresses to each node of comp so if one node send some frames

or packets to another nodes, it know where to send who send it and every information.

Also we will use default subnet mask 255.255.255.0 because The devices of this company is

little so we can use that subnet mask and it will contain 256 IP Address and also 254 is

usable.

Here below we have the table of the IP addresses to the machines, Subnet Masks and their

Default Gateway.


.

Here below, We can able to see the IP address that assigned on the Routers As well Its subnet

Masks. It has assigned as Logical Addresses.


3.4.3 ROUTER-ON-STICK

To develop this computer network system we are going to use A router on stick and it's also

known as "one-armed router", is a router that has a single physical or logical connection to a

network.

A one-armed router is a router that routes traffic between virtual local area networks

(VLANs). A one-armed router operates on the 80/20 rule, which states that 80% of traffic in a

network remains within a virtual local area network and doesn't need routing service. The

other 20% of network traffic is between VLANs and goes through the one-armed router.

Because the one-armed router takes care of the more intensive traffic between VLANs, it

frees the primary data path in a network for inter-VLAN traffic.

In order for a one-armed router to be beneficial, the VLAN must be configured to the 80/20

rule. One disadvantage of using the one-armed router structure is that it represents a single

point of failure in a network. Another disadvantage is it can develop into a bottleneck if there

are large amounts of traffic between VLANs.

3.4.4 EIGRP

In this Project, we are also going to use EIGRP and its (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol) is a network protocol that lets routers exchange information more efficiently than

with earlier network protocols. EIGRP evolved from IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol) and routers using either EIGRP and IGRP can interoperate because the metric

(criteria used for selecting a route) used with one protocol can be translated into the metrics

of the other protocol. EIGRP can be used not only for Internet Protocol (IP) networks but also

for AppleTalk and Novell NetWare networks.

Using EIGRP, a router keeps a copy of its neighbor's routing tables. If it can't find a route to a

destination in one of these tables, it queries its neighbors for a route and they in turn query

their neighbors until a route is found. When a routing table entry changes in one of the

routers, it notifies its neighbors of the change only (some earlier protocols require sending the

entire table). To keep all routers aware of the state of neighbors, each router sends out a

periodic "hello" packet. A router from which no "hello" packet has been received in a certain

period of time is assumed to be inoperative.


EIGRP uses the Diffusing-Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the most efficient (least

cost) route to a destination. A DUAL finite state machine contains decision information used

by the algorithm to determine the least-cost route (which considers distance and whether a

destination path is loop-free).

3.5 CONFIGURING AND TESTION OF THE LAN

In this section, I am going to test the connection between local area computers. To make sure

that the connection of those computer can successfully operated. For Example, Let me test

some computer and we don't have enough space to test all the 48 computers but am already

tested everything about connection and its very okay. However Let us test PC 5.2 to ping or

test PC 12.3. And also PC-21.3 to PC-25.3.

Here below are the screen shots of the work.

Test 1: PC-5.2 to PC-12.3


Vice Versa PC-12.3 to PC-5.2


Test 2: PC-21.3 to PC-25.3

As we can see the diagrams in the above, we have tested some computer in the Local Area Network and has successfully communicated together. We have seen some communication test between PC-5.2 and PC-12. As well PC-21.3 and PC-25.3. However as we mentioned in the mentioned we can't test all the 48-machines in my book because we don't have enough space may be the next coming chapter.

This is the end of Chapter Three


CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

4.1 SCREENSHOTS

Here below, We have the diagrams of our system as parts or branches and whole diagram which is connecting all the branches and departments.

Remember, This is the virtual system design or layout of the Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre.

Switch Branch 1 And Its End Users.





So now, We have seen the virtual design of the system as parts, Let us see now the complete diagram with Routers and Cables.


4.1.1/2 INPUT AND OUTPUT DEISNG

Under input design, We are going to test the system whether Its working perfectly or not. We

are going to use a concept called Pinging. Ping is used to test between two machines or

devices connecting to a same network. Here we go.

Let us send a ping from PC 2.2 to PC8.3. First what we do is to check source IP address

which is sending the packets or data to the destination.

We use: IPCONFIG to check the IP Address of the device then we type PING <Destination

IP Address> which is PING 192.168.8.3. It will show you packets send successfully.

Again Let us Test if the printer is working or not. We are going to send packets from PC36.2 to the printer of the branch. Each branch is sharing one printer that will reduce the cost.


Again Let us Test one example from Branch 3 to 2; specially PC 24.3 to PC15.2


Finally Let us test PC31.2 to the ISP(Internet Service Provider). IP Address of the ISP is 200.100.100.1.


4.2 CODING

To develop this project we used Four concepts and its here below.

I. IP Addressing.

II. VLANS (Virtual Local Area Network).

III. Router-on-Stick.

IV. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).

We are going to learn how to configure those concepts and by their definitions.

4.2.1 ASSIGNING IP ADDRESS

In section 3.4.2, we have learnt something about IP Addresses and their different types. Right now we are going to see how to configure IP Addresses to Host machines on Cisco packet tracer.

Assign IP Address 192.168.11.2 to PC 11.2

Step 1 : Double click on any computer but now click PC11.2, We will see this pop-up;


Step 2: Click Desktop tab, You will see below pop-up message and later click on IP Configuration Bottom;


Step 3: Here is where we are going to configure the IP Address; Pick Static or DHCP, In this Project we are going to use Static IP Address as I mentioned in the above, check static bottom and set IP on IP Address empty place then insert the subnet mask as well the default gate way, then you finished configuring IP Address to the PC11.2 then click close bottom;


4.2.2 CONFIGURING VLANS

As we have learnt in section 3.4.1 VLANS are configured on the switches. Here below we are going to see how to configure VLANS.

To create new VLAN use the following command;

In the configuration Mode Type:

Show VLAN (To know how many VLANS are already created and how many ports are free)

Type: VLAN 100 (We have created new VLAN 100)

Type: Name SalesDepartmens (To give the description of the vlan NB: This command is optional)

So know; Let us have a look creating VLANS on each branch and how we to configure

In this diagram, We have 8 VLANS (1. Sales 2. Marketing 3. Financial 4. Training 5. Software Development 6. Accounting 7. Solutions and 8. Printer Branch1)

Sales Markting and etc are the Descriptions of the VLANS.

Let me mentioned how we configured the Switch of Branch1, It will contain The interface which is connected, the VLAN we accessed on it, And Last the switch port.


LET US SEE SWITCH BRANCH 1

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport mode trunk

!


switchport access vlan 2

switchport mode access

!




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!

Summary

Assigned VLANS on SWB1 are VLAN 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8 and 9.





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!

Summary

Assigned VLANS on SWB2 are VLAN 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.



!



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!

Summary

Assigned VLANS on SWB3 are VLAN 20, 2 1, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27.


FINALLY LET US SEE SWITCH BRANCH 4

!



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Summary

Assigned VLANS on SWB4 are VLAN 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37.


Trunks are commonly used between switches and other network devices such as a router,

another switch, or a server. A network technician must be very familiar with configuring a

trunk and ensuring it works properly.

Switch 1 Trunks (Fast Ethernet 0/1 is used as trunk and the link carries all the VLANS)



Switch 3 Trunk (Fast Ethernet 0/1 is used as trunk and the link carries all the VLANS)


4.2.3 ROUTER-ON-STICK

As we mentioned in 3.4.3 section that we use Router-on-stick to connect our VLANS together and will able to communication each other. Here below we are going to see how to configure router-on-stick on Routers.

How to configure Router-on-stick on Router

First Pick up the Interface that you are going to configure i.e. interface fa0/0.2

Then Type: encapsulation dot1Q 2

Then give the Logical IP Address: ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

Here below are the details of the configured router-on-stick of this project:


no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

!

interface FastEthernet0/0.2

encapsulation dot1Q 2

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.0


!



ip address 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.0

!


no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

!



ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.15.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0

!




ip address 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface Serial0/0/0

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

clock rate 2000000

!


ip address 190.100.250.1 255.255.255.0

clock rate 2000000

!

interface Ethernet0/1/0

ip address 200.100.100.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

!

This is details about the router-on-stick that we have configured on Management Router 1(MR1).


Let us have look about the details of Management Router 2.


no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

!



ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.21.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.23.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.24.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.25.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.26.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.27.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0

!


no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

!




ip address 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.32.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.33.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.34.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.35.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.36.1 255.255.255.0

!



ip address 192.168.37.1 255.255.255.0

!


ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

clock rate 2000000

!


no ip address

clock rate 2000000

shutdown

!

Also this is details about the router-on-stick that we have configured on Management Router 2(MR2).


4.2.4 EIGRP

As we have seen in section 3.4.4 EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol and is a routing protocol created by Cisco. This means you can run it only on Cisco hardware, other vendors like Juniper don't support it. EIGRP is called a hybrid or advanced distance vector protocol. In simple words, EIGRP is a protocol used to communicate different networks that each one is handling a router. It introduces different routers and as you know each router is also different. i.e. in our Project PC10.2 can't ping or communicate PC35.2 because its two different networks and two different networks are controlling. To connect them together all different networks we use EIGRP. We can use RIP but It's an old version, No one is using RIP Protocol now.

Let have look how we can configure EIGRP and the details that we configured on this project.

On any Router declare any EIGRP no i.e. [Router EIGRP 100]

then advertise networks connected this router i.e. [network 192.168.2.0]

then type [no auto-summary

Details of Router 1: How we assigned the EIGRP

router eigrp 100

network 192.168.2.0

network 192.168.3.0

network 192.168.4.0

network 192.168.5.0

network 192.168.6.0

network 192.168.7.0

network 192.168.10.0

network 192.168.11.0

network 192.168.12.0

network 192.168.13.0

network 192.168.14.0

network 192.168.15.0


network 192.168.1.0

network 200.100.100.0

network 192.168.8.0

network 192.168.16.0

no auto-summary

Details of Router 2: How we assigned the EIGRP

router eigrp 100

network 192.168.1.0

network 192.168.20.0

network 192.168.21.0

network 192.168.22.0

network 192.168.23.0

network 192.168.24.0

network 192.168.25.0

network 192.168.26.0

network 192.168.30.0

network 192.168.31.0

network 192.168.32.0

network 192.168.33.0

network 192.168.34.0

network 192.168.35.0

network 192.168.36.0

no auto-summary

Remember You have use same EIGRP No. (i.e. Router EIGRP 100) to connect different routers. So now, They can communicate different branches and departments of our network.

In next section, we shall look Testing whole the network after we configured many Protocols Like Static Routing, VLANS, Router-on-Stick and EIGRP.


4.2.5 TESTING WHOLE NETWORK

In this section we are going to learn how to test different networks and we shall test our project weather its working successfully or not. But I am sure 100% that it will work probably as they required. Let us get started.

Remember we have learn some ping test on section 3.5 and make sure that you have a look.

1. Testing From Branch 3 to 1 (Remember two different routers are managing) especially PC26.3 to PC7.2; here it is.


Let us try vice-verse from PC7.2 to PC26.3

.

2. Testing From Branch 2 to 4 (Remember two different routers are managing) especially PC16.2 to PC31.2; here it is.


Let us try vice-verse from PC7.2 to PC26.3

Everything worked successfully, This shows you that our project is real reliable and working successfully.

This is the end of Chapter Four.


CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARY

This project is intended to plan and implement a good and a secure computer network for

MOGADISHU ICT SOLUTION CENTRE. The company have 4 branches and each branch

is having 7 departments. By the use of WAN Wide Area Network with internet access; my

project is looking after making life easier at Mogadishu ICT Solution Centre for all the staff

in the company since information shall be flowing in cables not as before it was when

everyone had to move from say branch to another branch for example one each branch

manages has to move from his/her office to the main branch to attend the receipts of the week

or the day to record at the main office. so my project makes life easy since the branch

managers or the staff has to be knowing the IP address of the main branch or the destination

that they are accessing and simply data will reach in a shortest time possible. Also computers

are not connected to each other, this lead to transfer of information using memory sticks

which also limits transfer of bulk information because of small space on the flash or pen

drive. so with my project all this will be history to talk and write about it.

To develop this project we have used some protocols like:

1. IP Addressing: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to

each device (e.g. computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet

Protocol for communication

2. VLANS: Virtual Local Area Network use to connect computers/devices like if they

connected to a same wire and also it takes a great role for security purposes.

3. Router-on-Stick: also called one-armed router and its used to route traffic between

VLANS.

4. Routing Protocols, EIGRP lets routers exchange information more efficiently than with

earlier protocols. Old version of EIGRP is IGRP.


5.1.1 FUTURE WORK

With future growth of the company they may need adding of extra routers and

switches. This will require careful configurations, especially on switches and

routers as sometimes the old switches or routers may over write the new once

and the old configuration that company was using will be lost. To avoid that I

recommend to use layer 3 devices.


REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. 'René Molenaar' - 2002-2013 'How to Master CCNA Book' -The Road Map to Your CCNA Exams' - http://gns3vault.com.

2. 'WENDELL ODOM' - Apr 25, 2013 - Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Book', CCIE No. 1624' Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA.

3. 'Todd Lammle' - 2013 CCNA Routing and Switching Study Guide Book .

4. www.ComputerNetworkingNotes.com - CISCO - 'CCNA Study Guide 640-802' - Cisco Devices Adminstration And Configuration

5. www.Solagroups.com - Tutorials - Linux And CISCO

6. www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gateway.html

This is the end of Chapter five