my name is dan suchy, and i am here today with my ... · my name is dan suchy, and i am here today...
TRANSCRIPT
MynameisDanSuchy,andIamheretodaywithmyassociate,DebStewart.Weare
fromtheKansasGeologicalSurvey,whichistherepositoryforwaterwellrecordsinthe
state.
9/7/2016
WWC-5andKOLAR:LocaOonReporOng
KDHEGWTSFall2016Seminar
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WaterWellCompleOonRecords(WWC-5s)aresubmiVedtoKDHE(theregulatory
agency)buteventuallytheycometousintheDataResourcesLibrary(DRL)atthe
KansasGeologicalSurvey(KGS),wherewearchivetherecordsandmakethem
availabletothepublic.Wealsoenterdatafromthepaperrecords,scanthepaper
documents,andpostthedataandthescanneddocumentstoourpublicwebsiteso
thatanyonecanaccessthemremotely.
However,compleOonrecordssubmiVedelectronicallyonlineviaKOLARbypassour
manualdataentryprocess.AXerapprovalbytheKDHE,thedatathedrillersubmiVed
areautomaOcallyuploadedtoourpublicwebsitealongwithasystem-generatedimage
oftheform.
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Ideally,apointlocaOon,suchaslaOtudeandlongitude,isthemostaccurate,andthatis
whyweaskforthatandstartwiththatontheKOLARWWC-5forms.However,wesOll
needsecOon,township,range,andthequarterdivisionswithineachsecOonbecause
wesOllfileallthepaperformsusingthatlocaOoninformaOon.Mostofthesearches
onlineforwaterwellrecordsaredonebysecOon,township,andrange,andmany
peoplesOllworkwithinthatsystem.AXerall,itisthelegallanddescripOon.First,we
havebeenaskedtoreviewourWWC-5website.Andthenwewillgothroughashort
overviewofthePublicLandSurveySysteminKansas—thatis,secOon,township,and
range—andhowtouseitsothatweallarefamiliarwithhowitworks.Thenwewillgo
intolaOtude,longitude,anddatums,andeventuallywe’lltalkaliVlebitaboutGPS
devices.
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First,wewillbrieflyshowyouourwebsiteandhowtofindtherelevantfeaturesfor
thoseofusinthewaterwellindustry.Hereisourhomepage.AndforpreVymuch
everybodyinthewaterwellindustry,themostrelevantlinkonthispageisthe“Water”
link.Ifyouclickonthatlink,yougetthefollowingpage.
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Wehavethreewaterdatabases:WIMAS,WIZARD,andWWC5.WIMASrecordswater
rightsinthestate.WIZARDrecordsthewaterlevelmeasuringprogramthattheKGSis
involvedwitheveryyear.TheWWC5databaserecordsallthewaterwellcompleOon
records(WWC-5s)thatthewaterwelldrillershaveturnedin;thisistheonethatwill
likelybeofmostusetoyou.
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Ifyouclickon“WWC5Database”onthe“Water”page,youwillgetthisWWC5search
page.YoucansearchbysecOon,township,andrange,oryoucansearchbycounty.Or
ifyouwanttoseealistofwellsforanenOretownship,justputinthetownshipand
rangenumbers,butnosecOonnumber.BesuretoacOvatetheliVledotbesideeither
EastorWest,dependingonwhetheryouwanttosearchintheEastortheWestranges.
Also,pleasenotethatyoucangettotheinteracOveWWC5mappingtooldirectlyby
clickingonthe“InteracOveMap”linkhere,oryoucangettoitfromtheindividualwell
page,whichwewillshowyouinaminute.
Inthiscase,wehaveenteredthelocaOonofaKGSIndexWellinWichitaCounty.Ifyou
searchonthatlocaOon,youwillgetthefollowingpage.
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ThisisachartshowingalltherecordswehaveforwaterwellsinthissecOon.Weshow
fivewellsinthatsecOon.YoucanperformdifferentfuncOonsonthispage(seenotes
onslide).Forexample,ifyougetalistof50or100wellsandyouonlywanttoseethe
mostrecentones,youcansortbycompleOondateindescendingorder,whichwill
bringthemostrecentwellstothetopofthelist.Or,youcansortthewellsbydepthin
descendingorder,whichwillbringthedeepestwellstothetopofthelist.Ifyouclick
ononeofthe“PDF”or“KOLARPDF”linksontheright,youwillseeascannedimageof
theWWC-5formforthatparOcularwell.IfyouclickonthefourthlocaOonlinkonthe
leX,youwillgetthefollowingpage.
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ThisispartoftheindividualwellpagethatshowsthebasicinformaOonaboutthatwell.
HereagainyoucanaccessascannedimageoftheWWC-5itselfbyclickingonthe
indicatedlink.
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HereisascannedimageoftheupperpartoftheWWC-5forthiswell.Thebarcodeat
thetopindicatesthatthisimagewascreatedbyKOLAR.
Also,notethelaOtudeandlongitudearegivenindecimaldegreesandthatNAD27is
checkedforthedatum.OncethisinformaOonisenteredintoKOLAR,thenthecounty,
fracOon,andsecOon,township,andrangefieldsfillinautomaOcally.NoOcethatthe
quartersarelisteddowntofourdivisions.
AlsonotethegreatwriVendescripOonofthelocaOon,whichisveryimportantin
backinguptheotherlocaOoninformaOon.
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Ifwegobacktotheindividualwellpage,youcanplotthiswellonaninteracOvemap
byclickingonthe“ViewwelloninteracOvemap”link.Itwillopenupanewtabora
newwindowthatshowsthemappingtool.
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Thisiswhatthatmappingtoollookslike.Thewaterwellsareindicatedbythebluedots
onthemap.Theindividualwellthatyouwerelookingatwillbehighlightedinyellow
onthemap,andbasicinformaOonforthatwellwillbeshownontheright.Ifyouclick
ononeoftheotherwellsonthemap,itsbasicinformaOonwillshowupontheright.
TheredlinesoutlinethesecOonboundaries;andthesecOon,township,andrangeare
showninthecenterofeachsecOon.Also,thecountynameisgiven.
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YoucanclickanddragthemaptomovetootherlocaOons,zoominandoutbyusing
thescrollwheelonyourmouseorbyusingthe“+”or“-”buVonsintheupperleX
cornerofthemap,oraddanumberofotherfeaturessuchaslayersbyusingthe
“Layers”tabneartheupperrightcornerofthemap.
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Youcanaddanumberofdifferentlayerstothemapusingthe“Layers”tab(for
example,aerialphotosoratopographicmap).
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TherearealsoanumberoffuncOonslistedintheorangebaratthetopofthemap,
suchasshowingwelllabels,zoomingtoadifferentlocaOon,ordoublecheckingyour
welllocaOonbasedonthelat/longvaluesyouhave.Ifyoueverneedhelpusingthese
toolsornavigaOngourwebsite,feelfreetocallus.
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NowwewillreturntotheoriginalpurposeofthispresentaOon,whichisreporOngwell
locaOoninformaOon.Asitisinrealestate,whenitcomestowaterwells,everythingis
locaOon,locaOon,locaOon.TherearemanyplacesinKansaswhere,ifyoudrillatone
locaOon,youstandapreVygoodchanceofgeongasuccessfulwell,butifyougoa
shortdistanceaway,youwillnothitwater.LocaOonissoimportant!Also,ifyouare
lookingatawaterwellrecordandyoudon’tknowwherethatwellislocated,orifitis
locatedinthewrongplace,thatrecordisuselesstoyou.
ThecollecOonofwaterwellrecordsthatwehaveintheKGSDataResourcesLibrary,
mostofwhicharerecordedinouronlinedatabase,areatremendousinformaOon
resourceforanyonelookingtodrillawaterwellinthestate.Theytellyousomuch
aboutthepossibiliOesofdrillingasuccessfulwellinaparOcularlocaOonandabout
whattoexpectwhenyoudrillthatwell.PeopleusethisinformaOoneverydaytomake
importantdecisionsaboutwhetherandwheretodrillwells.
Theproblemwerunintoisthatmanywellrecordsthatcometoushaveinaccurate
locaOons.WespendalotofOmeintheDRLtryingtocorrectwaterwelllocaOons.And
sowehaveputtogetherthispresentaOontotrytohelpyoutosubmittheaccurate
welllocaOoninformaOonthatweallneed.
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ThisisamapshowingthebasicstructureofthePublicLandSurveySystem(PLSS)in
Kansas.EssenOallythisisareferencegridlaiddownontheEarth’ssurfacethatallows
ustodescribealocaOonoraparOcularparcelofland.Itisbasedonlandsurveys
carriedoutonthesurfaceoftheEarth.Thebasicreferencelinesinourstatearethe
40thparallelattheKansas/Nebraskaborder,andtheSixthPrincipalMeridian,which
happenstorunthroughthemiddleofWichita.Townshipsarelaidoutacrossthestate
—aperfectoneis6milesby6milessquare—andtheyaregiventownshipandrange
numbers.Eachofthesmallgraysquaresonthismapoutlinesatownship.The
townshipsarenumberedfrom1to35South,andtheyaregivenrangenumbersfrom1
to25Eastand1to43West.
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Withineachtownship,whichagainis6milesby6milessquare,thereare36secOons,
whichare1mileby1milesquare.Theyarenumbered1to36backandforthacross
thetownshipasshownhere.Youwillneverseemorethan36secOonsinatownship.
Each1-mile-squaresecOonisthendividedintoquarters,thosequartersaredivided
intoquarters,andsoforth.Inthisexample,wehavechosenTownship9Southand
Range5East,andthenwehavechosensecOon7withinthattownship.ThesecOonis
thendividedintoquarters,andwehaveplacedan“X”atthelocaOonwewishto
describe.ThelegallanddescripOonofthatlocaOonistheSouthwestquarterofthe
SoutheastquarteroftheSouthwestquarterofSecOon7,Township9South,Range5
East,whichisusuallywriVenasshownintheslide.NotethatthelegaldescripOonof
quartersgoesfromsmallestdivisionontheleXtolargestdivisionontheright.
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HereyoucanseeasmallporOonofaUSGStopographicmapshowingthevillageof
LoneStarsouthwestofLawrenceinDouglasCounty.ThesecOonnumbersareshown,
asarethetownshipandrangenumbers.YoucanseethatthelocaOonsofthechurch
inLoneStarandthepondtothenorthwestofitarelocatedaslistedattheboVomof
theslide.
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NotalltownshipsorsecOonsareperfect.IrregulariOesarepreVycommonaroundthe
state,parOcularlyintheplaceslistedontheslide.Hereyoucanseewhereasurveyor
comingfromonedirecOonhadtochangecoursetomeetupwithasurveycomingfrom
theotherdirecOonsothatthesecOoncornerswouldmeet.
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ForourpurposesforlocaOngwells,legallanddescripOonssuchasthePublicLand
SurveySystem(PLSS)—thatis,SecOon-Township-Rangeandquartercalls—providean
esOmateofawelllocaOonbydefininganarea;thewellmaybelocatedanywhere
withinthatarea.Forexample,a1-milesecOonis640acres,aquartersecOonis160
acres,¼ofthatis40acres,and¼ofthatis10acres.So,ifwehaveinformaOonabout
awelllocaOondowntothreequarterdivisionsofasecOon,thenallwereallyknowis
thatthatwellissomewherewithinthat10-acreparcel.Thatiswhy,ifpeopleare
workingwiththismethod,weaskthemtodividethequartersdowntofourdivisions,
whichbringsusdownto2.5acresandismoreprecisethan10acres.
LaOtudeandlongitude,ontheotherhand,ifdonecorrectly,giveamuchmoreprecise
welllocaOon.ItisessenOallyapointlocaOon.Itisacoordinate,orgrid,systemthat
enablesustodescribeawelllocaOonbytheintersecOonoftwolines,onerunning
east/west(linesoflaOtude),andtheotherrunningnorth/south(linesoflongitude).
Ineithercase,itissOllveryimportanttoincludeawriVenlocaOonoraddressonthe
WWC-5form,too,asadouble-checkofthewelllocaOon.
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WhenfillingoutwaterwellcompleOonrecords(WWC-5s)inKOLAR,thelaOtudeand
longitudeofthewelllocaOonarerequired.Hereisaglobalviewofthelat/long
coordinategrid.
NotethePRIMEMERIDIAN(0degrees,whichrunsthroughGreenwich,England)and
thenorth/southlinesofLONGITUDE,whicharedesignatedaswestoreastofthePrime
Meridian.
NotetheEQUATORandtheeast/westlinesofLATITUDE,whicharedesignatedasnorth
orsouthlaOtude.
TogethertheseformaGRID,orcoordinatesystem,overtheEarththatallowsusto
locateourselvesonthesurfaceoftheEarth.
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AcoordinatesystemprovidesawaytospecifyalocaOononEarth.Itisareferencegrid
system.
LinesoflaOtuderuneastandwest(withtheequator=zero)andforourpurposes
measurethedistancenorthfromtheequator.
Linesoflongituderunnorthandsouth(Greenwichmeridianiszero)andforour
purposesmeasurethedistancewestofthePrimeMeridianinGreenwich,England.
Inactualfact,theyaremeasuredasanglesfromthecenteroftheEarth.Forexample,
55degreesNlaOtudeisdefinedastheintersecOonofalinedrawnata55-degreeangle
northwardfromalineparalleltotheequator.Likewise,60degreesElongitudeis
drawnata60-degreeangleeastwardfromthePrimeMeridian.
Kansaslieswithinthefollowingcoordinates:37degreesNto40degreesNorth~94.5degreesto~102degreesWest,reportedasnegaAve(-94.5to-102).
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ThelaOtude/longitudesystemisonlyoneofmanycoordinatesystems.
ThistableshowsthesamelocaOon(thestarinthehandofGoddessofLibertystatueat
theAusOnCapitolDome)describeddifferentlyusingdifferentcoordinatesystems.You
seelat/long,butyoualsoseeUTM(UniversalTransverseMercator)system,amilitary
gridsystem,andstateplanecoordinates,etc.WedosomeOmesgetpeoplesubmiong
someoftheseothercoordinates,especiallystateplanecoordinates,butwedon’thave
aneasywayofdealingwiththeseothersystems,andsoweaskyoutopleasedonot
usethem.SubmityourcoordinatesaslaOtudeandlongitude.Justbesuretotellus
whichdatumyouused.
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9/7/2016
Wecan’ttalkaboutlat/longwithouttalkingaboutdatums.Andwecan’treallytalk
aboutdatumswithoutmenOoningellipsoidsorspheroids.AsphereisessenOallya
roundballthatisperfectlycircularincrosssecOon.Aspheroidapproachestheshape
ofaperfectsphere.AnellipseissomewhatflaVenedrelaOvetoaperfectcircle.And
soanellipsoidisa3DshapethatissomewhatflaVenedrelaOvetoaperfectsphere.
TheEarthisnotaperfectsphere.AndIsaacNewton,asearlyas1670,realizedthatthe
shapeoftheEarthismoreaccuratelydescribedasanellipsoidthatbulgesatthe
equatorduetocentrifugalforcecausedbytheEarth’srotaOonaboutitsaxis.Infact,it
isevenmorecomplexthanthatduetodifferencesinelevaOonandgravity,etc.So,to
dealwiththiswhentryingtomeasurelaOtudeandlongitude,peopleovertheyears
havesetupdifferenttypesoftheoreOcalreferencespheroidsorellipsoidsthatareOed
totheearthindifferentways.Theyusetheseshapestodefinetheircoordinategrids
onthesurfaceoftheEarth.Andthuswecomeupwiththeconceptofdatums,whichessenOallyarethesereferencegridsystemssetupovertheEarthfordefiningyour
locaOonontheEarth.ThethreedatumsthataremostoXenusedarecalledNAD27,
NAD83,andWGS84.
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NAD27,ortheNorthAmericanDatumthatwassetupin1927,wasbasedontheClarkeSpheroidandis>edtotheNorthAmericancon>nent.NAD83,ortheNorthAmericanDatumof1983,wasbasedontheGRS1980ellipsoidandis>edtotheNorthAmericancon>nent.WGS84,ortheWorldGeographicReferenceSystemthatwassetupin1984,wasbasedontheWGS1984ellipsoidandis>edgenerallytotheEarth’sgeologiccrustalplates.Soeachoneis>edtoadifferentreferenceellipsoid,whichcausesthela>tudeandlongitudereadingstobeslightlydifferentfromonesystemtothenext.Also,whiletheNAD27datumwasmeasuredonthegroundwiththehelpofceles>alobserva>ons(thatis,usingthestars,sun,etc.,tolocateoneself),theNAD83andWGS84datumswerebasedonsatellitemeasurementsandthusaremuchmoreaccurate.WhenWGS84wasini>atedinthe1980s,itwasnearlyiden>caltoNAD83.However,sincethentheNorthAmericantectonicplatehasmovedrela>vetotheothertectonicplatesand,consequently,rela>vetotheWGS84grid.Asaresult,NAD83coordinatesinKansasnowdifferfromWGScoordinatesbyroughly3.5feet,andthatdifferencewillincreaseover>me.ThedifferencebetweenNAD27coordinatesandthoseofNAD83andWGS84ismuchgreaterthanthat,aswewillseeinthenextslide.Note:TheKGSonlinemappingprogramscannotuselat/longssubmiXedwithoutdatum;theloca>onofthewellwilldefaulttoPLSSloca>on.Forgeneralpurposesinthemidcon>nent,manyconsiderNAD83andWGS84nearlyinterchangeable.
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9/7/2016
ForNAD27,theprimarycontrolpointfromwhichallothersaremeasuredinNorth
Americaislocated12milesnorthofLucas,Kansas.NAD83andWGS84donothave
onespecificcontrolpoint.
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ThedifferencebetweenNAD27andNAD83inKansasrangesfrom20to40meters
(roughly65to131feet).So,changingthedatumcanpotenOallychangethereported
locaOonofthewellbyupto130feet,whichcanplaceitinanothersecOonoron
someoneelse’sproperty.
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AspreviouslymenOoned,WGS84isOedtotherelaOveposiOonsoftectonicplateson
theEarth’ssurface,theboundariesofwhichareshowninwhiteonthismap.The
direcOonandamountofsuchmovementareshownbythedirecOonandsizesofthe
arrowsonthismap.MuchoftheconOnentalU.S.movesonaverage1-2cm/yearor
10-20cm/decaderelaOvetoLondon.Someplaces,suchasHawaii,moveasmuchas
10cm/year,or1meterperdecade,relaOvetoEngland.SoyoucanseethatoverOme
therelaOveplateposiOonscanchangebysignificantamounts.
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ThedifferencebetweenNAD83andWGS84inKansaspresentlyrangesfromabout3.4
feetto3.7feet,whichisnotreallythatmuchifyou’resimplytryingtofindawell,and
thatiswhythetwoaresomeOmesusedinterchangeablyinmuchofNorthAmerica.
ButthatdifferencewillincreaseoverOmeastheEarth’stectonicplatesmove.But,asI
saidbefore,thedifferencebetweenthesetwohorizontaldatumsandNAD27canbe
upto130feetinKansas,andsoitisveryimportantforyoutogiveusthedatumyou
areusingwhenyougiveuslaOtudeandlongitudeforawelllocaOon.
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TheKGSindividualwaterwellwebpagenowshowslat/longsfortwodifferent
horizontaldatums,NAD27andthedatumthatwassubmiVedbythedriller.Sonow
youwon’tbeconfusedifyouseethatthelat/longcoordinatesyousubmiVedarenot
exactlytheonesshownonourwebsite.Ifyoudon’tgiveusthedatum,wecan’tuse
thelat/longandthelocaOoninformaOonwillreverttothePLSS,andthelat/longwill
becalculatedinNAD27basedonthecenterofthesmallestquarterdivisionyougive
us.Thatis,ifyougiveusthreequarterdivisions,itwillcalculatethecenterofthat10-
acreparcel.Ifyougiveusfourquarterdivisions,itwillcalculatethecenterofthat2.5-
acreparcel.
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IfyousubmityourWWC-5sthroughKOLAR,whichwehopethateventuallyallwater
welldrillersinKansaswilldo,KOLARrequireslaOtudeandlongitudeindecimaldegrees
anditrequiresthatyoutelluswhichhorizontaldatumyouused.
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Thenicethingisthat,onceyouhaveenteredthelaOtudeandlongitude,thesefieldsfill
inautomaOcally:county,secOon-township-range,andquarters(downtofour
divisions).
Ifyouclickonthe“ViewLocaOonInfo”buVonintheupperrightcorner,itwillgiveyou
animageofthesecOonwithadotshowingthelocaOonofthewellaccordingtothelat/
longsthatyouentered.
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Thisiswhatyouwillseeifyouclickonthe“ViewLocaOonInfo”buVonontheKOLAR
form;itwillshowyouaviewofthesecOonwithanaerialphotoandabluedotshowing
thelocaOonofthewellasyouenteredit.Ifitlooksright,you’reOK.Ifitdoesn’tlook
right,youmaywanttogobackandadjustyourlat/longvaluesoryourdatumtoputit
whereitneedstobe.
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ForthoseofyousOllsubmiongpaperWWC-5s,orifyouneeditforotherpurposes,
thereisaprogramonourwebsitecalledLEOWEBthatwillconvertlaOtudeand
longitudetosecOon,township,andrange,andviceversa.ClickonthelinkidenOfiedby
thearrow.
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IfyouclickontheLEOWEBlink,youwillgetthispage.ItiniOallyasksfordecimal
degrees,butyouhavetheopOonofusingdegrees,minutes,andseconds,ordegrees
anddecimalminutesbychoosingthecorrespondingtab.
Or,asIsaid,youcanalsoconverttownship-range-secOonandquartercallstolat/longs.
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IfyouhaveaGPSdevicethatonlygiveslat/longsindegrees,minutes,andseconds,you
coulduseLEOWEBtogiveyouthosecoordinatesindecimaldegrees,althoughthere
areotheropOonsouttherethatwewillmenOonlater.Ifyouenteryourdegrees,
minutes,andsecondsvaluesusingthe“Lat/Long(DMS)”opOonandclick“Submit,”you
willgetthefollowing.
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Thisiswhereyouwillseethatitgivesyouthevaluesindecimaldegrees.
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NowwewilldiscusstheGlobalPosiOoningSystem(GPS)andthedevicesyoumightuse
togetlaOtudeandlongitudecoordinatesforwelllocaOonsthatyoucanthenenterinto
KOLAR.
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hVp://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/
KDHEGWTSFall2016Seminar 9/7/2016
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TheGPSspacesegmentisoperatedbytheU.S.AirForce,anditconsistsofa
constellaOonof24satellitesthatorbittheEarth.
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TheU.S.AirForceconstantlycontrols,monitors,andoperatestheGPSsatellites
orbiOngtheEarth.
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WWC-5andKOLAR:LocaOonReporOng 42
1. GPSsatellitesbroadcastradiosignalsthatprovidetheirlocaOons,status,andpreciseOmefromon-boardatomicclocks.
2. TheGPSradiosignalstravelthroughspaceatthespeedoflight,morethan299,792
km/second.
3. AGPSdeviceonthegroundreceivestheradiosignals,usuallyfromatleastfour
satelliteswithinview,noOngtheexactOmesofarrivalofeachofthesignals.Itthen
appliesamathemaOcalformulathatusestheamountofOmeittookforthesignals
totraveltotheGPSdevicefromeachsatellitetocalculateitsdistancefromeach
satellite.
4. OnceaGPSdeviceknowsitsdistancefromatleastfoursatellites,itcanuse
geometrytodetermineitslocaOononEarthinthreedimensions.
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YourGPSdevicemayrecordlaOtudeandlongitudeasdegrees,minutes,andseconds;
indegreesanddecimalminutes;orindecimaldegrees.Kolarrequiresthatlat/longsbereportedindecimaldegrees.
Don’tgetridofvaluesiftheyarenotindecimaldegrees–theycanbeconverted.Just
rememberthereare60minutesinonedegree,and60secondsinoneminute.Ifyou
wanttoconvert,youcandividethesecondsby60(whichwillgiveadecimalvalue),
addthatresulttotheminutesanddividethatsumby60(whichalsowillgiveadecimal
value),thenaddthatresulttothedegrees.Oryoucansimplyuseoneofthefollowing
conversiontools:
• KGS’sLEOWEBtool:hVp://chasm.kgs.ku.edu/ords/f?p=120418
• EarthPointCoordinateConverter:hVp://www.earthpoint.us/Convert.aspx• FCCProgram:hVps://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/dms-decimal
Disclaimer:SoXwareprogramsandapplicaOons(apps)menOonedinthispresentaOon
areprovidedasexamplesonly.TheKGSdoesnotrecommendprivatelymarketed
programsorappsanddoesnotprovidesupportintheiruse.
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GPSunitscomeinawidevarietyofsizesandstyles,andtheyaremadebyanumberof
manufacturers.TheseimagescomefromtheGarminwebsite.SomehavebuVonsand
screens;othersarestrictlytouchscreen.PriceslistedonlineontheGarminwebsite
rangedfrom$109to$599.Andofcourse,thesuiteofapplicaOonsandfuncOonsthat
yougetdependsonthepricethatyoupay.
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YouhavetoknowyourdatumandreportitwiththelaOtudeandlongitudecoordinates
indecimaldegrees.
Tip-changeyourGPSorappseongstodisplayindecimaldegrees.
Tofindthedatum:lookinyourseongs,FAQpage,oruser’smanualtofindwhat
horizontaldatumisusedbyyourdeviceorprogram.SomedeviceshaveanopOonto
changeit,ifyouprefer.
Itdoesn’tmaVerwhichdatumyouusetoreportyourcoordinates,butyoumustreport
thecorrectdatumorthelocaOonwillnotbecorrect.
KansasGeologicalSurveyconvertsallcoordinatestodatumNAD27tomaintain
consistency.IntheWWC-5website,theoriginalcoordinatesandoriginaldatum(those
reportedbythedrilleronthecompleOonreport)displayalongwiththeKGSNAD27
values.
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AwidevarietyofsoXwareapplicaOonsareavailableforsmartphonesandtablet
computersthatallowyoutodeterminelaOtudeandlongitudeforaparOcularlocaOon.
Somearefreeandsomechargeaminimalfee.
MobilephoneappsarefineforreporOngmostwelllocaOons(notforlegalsurveys,
remediaOonsites).
ItisveryimportanttoalsoreporttheaddressorwriVendescripOonofthewell
locaOon.Thisprovidesacheck.
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Mobilephoneappsthatgivelat/longshavebeendevelopedforawidevarietyof
applicaOons.
Searchtofindonethatfitsyourneeds.Thenotesontheslideoffersomepointers.
FindanappthatwillprovidethecoordinatesofyourlocaOon,ratherthana
navigaOonalappinwhichyouenteralocaOonanditdirectsyoutothatlocaOon.
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ItisagoodideatofindanappthatallowsyoutheopOonofreporOnglat/longsin
decimaldegrees.Alsobesuretofindoutwhichdatumituses.
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InvesOgatechoicesonyourappandlookatthemenuandseongsopOons.Play
aroundwithdifferentchoices.Youcanalwaysresetthemifyouprefer.
ThissmartphoneappbyGoogleEarthallowsyoutochoosecoordinatesdisplayedin
decimaldegreesbyfollowingtheabovesequenceofcommands.
YoumayalsoprefertoturnofftheautoOltfeatureonamappingprogramtomake
certainyouarelookingstraightdownontheEarth’ssurfacesoastogetanaccurate
lat/longreadingofyourwelllocaOon.
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ThistablecomparesGPSreadingsfromthreedifferentdevicesatthesamelocaOon.
AlthoughnotidenOcal,theyareveryclose.
NotetheGPSdeviceusedinthisexerciseisnotaprofessionalsurveygradedevice,but
isusedbyKGSresearchersinthefieldtolocatewells.
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SomepeopleliketouseGoogleEarthonacomputer.Theprogramcanbedownloaded
fromthewebsiteshownattheboVomoftheslide.
HereyouseetheliVlevillageofLoneStar,whichissouthwestofLawrenceinDouglas
County.ThelocaOonofthechurchinLoneStar(shownbybluearrow)wasreferenced
inanearlierslidethatshowedaclose-upofaUSGStopomapwhenweweretalking
aboutsecOon,township,andrange.Thisisjustascreenshot,butifyouareworkingin
GoogleEarth,youcanplaceyourcursoroverthelocaOonyouwant(forexample,the
churchinLoneStar),andinthelowerrightofthescreenitwillgiveyouthelaOtude
andlongitudeofthatpointlocaOon.Inthenextslide,wezoomintothelowerright
partofthescreentoshowyouthoselat/longs.
YoucanuseGoogleEarthtoverifythatyourlat/longcoordinatesarecorrect(orto
collectcoordinates).Enterlat/longvaluesintothesearchbar,andthencheckthespot
thatplotsontheimage.IfyouseethatyourlocaOonisnotcorrect,placeyourcursor
atthecorrectwelllocaOonontheaerialphotoandcheckthecoordinatesatthe
boVomofthescreen.GoogleEarthusesadatumofWGS84,soifyoureportlat/long’s
fromGoogleEarthonaWWC-5,reportdatumasWGS84.(Note:Ifyoucollectedlat/
longsusingadatumotherthanWGS84onyourGPS,andthenenterthoseintoGoogle
Earth,thespotwillbeinadifferentposiOon).
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ThisisthelowerrightoftheGoogleEarthscreenfromthepreviousslide,showingthe
laOtudeandlongitudeofthechurchinLoneStar.NoOcetheyaregivenindecimal
degrees,becausetheseongswithinGoogleEarthwerechangedbytheusertoshow
themthatway.
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hVps://www.google.com/earth/
NotethatGoogleEarthusesdatumWGS84.
Youcanchangetheseongstodisplaylat/longsindecimaldegrees(seeslide).
LongitudeintheWesternHemisphereisreportedasanegaOvevalue.AposiOonwest
ofthePrimeMeridianinEngland(totheleXiflookingataglobe)isintheWestern
HemisphereandisreportedasanegaOvevalue.
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HereisacloserlookattheGoogleEarthPreferencespage.Hereiswhereyoucan
changeittoreadindecimaldegrees.
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ProofthecoordinateswhenyouenterthemonaWWC-5.Copyandpastewhenever
possible.WriOngcoordinatesdownworks,butitisbeVertosavewaypointsonaGPS
anduploadthemtoyourcomputerortoemailcoordinatesfromanappwhileyouare
onthedrillingsite.
CheckthatthelocaOontypedinactuallylocatesthewellcorrectly.
WriVendescripOonissOllveryimportant(usersdon’tthinkincoordinates).Itprovides
verificaOonofwelllocaOonincaselaOtudeorlongitudeismis-typedormeasured
inaccurately.
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VerifycoordinatesareaccuratebyenteringthemintheKGSmappingprogramand
viewingthelocaOononthereturnedmap.
hVp://maps.kgs.ku.edu/wwc5/
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