my pathway in science and teaching
TRANSCRIPT
My Pathway My Pathway
in Science and in Science and
TeachingTeaching
My Pathway My Pathway
in Science and in Science and
TeachingTeaching
Ali O. Oncel Ali O. Oncel Earth Science Department, KFUPMEarth Science Department, KFUPM
Chile University, Department of Geophysics, June 25, 2008Chile University, Department of Geophysics, June 25, 2008Chile University, Department of Geophysics, June 25, 2008Chile University, Department of Geophysics, June 25, 2008
Global Work ExperienceGlobal Work ExperienceGlobal Work ExperienceGlobal Work Experience
Academic Life - Academic Life -
ServicesServices
Academic Life - Academic Life -
ServicesServices
Cited PapersCited PapersCited PapersCited Papers
Contents of Presentation
Teaching ExperiencesTeaching ExperiencesTeaching ExperiencesTeaching Experiences
Graduate Classes Online
Geophysical Exploration Solid Earth Geophysics
http://solidearthgeophysics.pbwiki.com/http://geophysicalexploration.pbwiki.com/
Introduction to Seismology
Introduction to Geophysics
Undergraduate Classes Online
http://seismology.pbwiki.com/ http://geophysics.pbwiki.com/
Undergraduate Courses
Special Topics Seminar
http://geophysicsseminar.pbwiki.com/http://geophysicsseminar.pbwiki.com/http://specialtopics.pbwiki.com/
Industry
Collaboration
University
Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate
Research
KFUPMEarth Sciences
Department
Objective
Data ProcessingEarth Sciences
Department
Joint Data Acquisition
Report Presentation
Collaborative Teaching Model
Submitted to Journal of Geosciences Submitted to Journal of Geosciences Education, 2007Education, 2007
Integrated Teaching Model
Leading Senior Project
http://fieldgeophysics.pbwiki.com/
Vp (m/s)
Mete
rs
Meters
Near Surface Refraction Tomography
http://fieldgeophysics.pbwiki.com/ http://specialtopics.pbwiki.com/ http://seismology.pbwiki.com/ http://geophysicsseminar.pbwiki.com/ http://geophysicalexploration.pbwiki.com/ http://solidearthgeophysics.pbwiki.com/
http://fieldgeophysics.pbwiki.com/ http://specialtopics.pbwiki.com/ http://seismology.pbwiki.com/ http://geophysicsseminar.pbwiki.com/ http://geophysicalexploration.pbwiki.com/ http://solidearthgeophysics.pbwiki.com/
WEB 2 Teaching Tool
Contents of Presentation
Log N = a – b MLog N = a – b M
MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION
Log
N
0
1
2
3
4
0 2 4 6 8
MAGNITUDE
23-31°E
b-valueD15
D2
INTEREVENT DISTANCE R (KM)C
OR
RE
LA
TIO
N I
NT
EG
RA
L C
( R>r
)
2-10km
10-40km
Full range
Full range 1.44 1.102-10 km 1.73 1.2210-40km 1.40 1.01
Range D2 D15
4 16 64
Scene 1
4 16 64
Scene 1
4 16 64
Scene 1
D = 1.32
D = 0.93
r ~ 7
10
r
100
ND = 0.91
D = 1.31
r ~ 5
10
100N
1 10r
N
r
Seismicity-Fault Statistics
D (Fractal)-value D (Fractal)-value : : • DD22>D>D33>……>D>……>D1515
heterogeneous heterogeneous • DD22=D=D33=……=D=……=D1515
homogeneoushomogeneous
b-value b-value : : Material Material
heterogeneityheterogeneity• Applied shear stress Applied shear stress
levellevel• bbhighhigh ……>creeping ……>creeping• BBlow low …….> asperity…….> asperity
N = CrN = Cr-D-D
N : Occupied boxes' numberN : Occupied boxes' number r: the length of the box (r).r: the length of the box (r).
D (Fractal dimension)D (Fractal dimension): : DDhigh high > Intense > Intense
FaultingFaulting DDlow low > Clustering or > Clustering or
localizationlocalization
-1.00
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
5.00 to 6.00
6.00 to 7.00
1998-2003
M=6.22003.07.26
M=5.52003.07.26
31
34
37
40
132 135 138 141 144
PACIFIC PLATE
M7.0, 1600-1997
5.7M6.9, 1885-1997
4.1M5.6, 1926-1997
Completeness
JAPAN SEA
PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE
N
Line 2
Line 1
Line 3
Shikoku
Honshu
200km
200k
m
(Oncel, Wilson and Nishizawa, JGR-2001)(Oncel, Wilson and Nishizawa, JGR-2001)
ISTL ISTLISTL
MTL
MTL
b-value
D D
b-valueb-value
D
Seismicity-Fault
A FR IC AN PLA TE
8
B LA CK SEA
3
1
24
9
8 7
6 5
1312
11 10
15 14
1617
18
19
20
21
24
M >2.9h< 39km1981-1988
Shear ZoneExtensional ZoneCom pressional ZoneGPS control points
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3133
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Mw 6.4 1995
Mw 5.8 1997
Mw 6.6 1982
Mw 6.6 1983
Mw 6.8 1981
Mw 6.2 1996
Mw 5.6 1996
25
Mw 5.5 1994
22
23
D2 D15 D2 D15 D2 D15 b ML-
MU
Shear
Dilitation1 1.44 1.1 1.73 1.22 1.4 1.01 1.51 2.6-5.0 161.79 19.38
2 1.43 1.07 1.81 1.33 1.43 1.12 1.39 2.6-5.5 201.07 3.633 1.62 1.42 1.9 1.28 1.49 1.26 1.47 3.1-4.8 164.82 12.884 1.24 0.84 1.86 1.5 1.02 0.64 1.11 3.5-6.0 191.60 25.857 1.53 1.24 1.94 1.48 1.48 1.23 1.24 3.2-6.0 101.71 55.878 1.32 0.86 1.85 1.13 1.37 0.92 1.16 3.2-4.9 189.45 3.889 1.18 0.83 1.86 1.4 1.14 0.64 0.97 3.0-5.3 146.38 11.555 1.07 0.73 1.85 1.59 0.95 0.57 1.75 2.6-4.7 41.02 36.216 1.33 0.92 1.81 1.56 1.22 0.78 1.81 2.7-4.8 78.75 33.68
10 0.89 0.58 1.46 0.95 0.87 0.46 1.35 3.0-4.8 70.32 44.6911 1.48 1.2 1.83 1.37 1.53 1.24 1.39 3.0-5.8 102.35 40.9612 1.52 1.26 1.89 1.37 1.53 1.39 1.5 3.2-5.1 72.75 75.8313 1.36 1 1.86 1.71 0.75 0.41 1.1 3.1-5.5 89.26 25.5114 1.4 1.08 1.79 1.26 1.4 1.19 1.32 2.9-5.5 78.81 53.6615 1.57 1.26 1.93 1.36 1.59 1.31 1.28 3.1-5.4 78.25 54.3916 1.38 0.99 1.42 0.97 1.24 0.94 1.4 3.1-5.4 47.99 38.1217 1.42 1.05 1.78 1.44 1.37 1 1.22 3.2-5.4 50.59 37.2218 1.61 1.32 1.9 0.81 1.64 1.43 1.25 3.6-4.9 58.89 80.9119 1.43 1.18 1.88 1.16 1.2 0.88 0.67 3.5-5.2 38.75 22.0920 1.74 1.5 1.81 1.04 1.77 1.64 1.44 3.5-5.3 68.88 20.7621 1.44 1.09 1.79 1.51 0.92 0.55 1.21 3.7-5.0 95.04 18.2722 1.68 1.38 1.87 1.12 1.63 1.39 1.49 3.2-4.6 54.22 10.2123 1.63 1.04 1.82 1.27 1.61 0.99 1.24 3.8-5.7 107.79 -22.8724 1.65 1.23 1.57 0.93 1.75 1.47 1.08 3.7-5.5 103.39 -40.3925 1.45 1.09 2 1.07 1.55 1.08 1.21 3.5-5.8 75.28 -16.12
Local Variations of Complex Local Variations of Complex Variables Variables
Shear Zone: Seismic b-value and D value are positively related. Extensional Zone: Seismic Clustering (D) correlates positively with Dilatation.
Compressional Zone: Seismic b value correlate negatively with shear.
AnatoliaOkay et al., 2000
Geodetical strain and earthquake Geodetical strain and earthquake hazard:hazard:
Example from western Turkey Example from western Turkey
26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5 30
40
40.5
41
7.3<Ms<8.0 7.0<Ms<7.3 6.8<Ms<7.0
15
7
6
5
4
3 2 1
11
109
8
13
12
14
4.3<MD<5.0 3.6<MD<4.3 2.9<MD<3.6
1991-1999 32-1999
Seismic b-value and average dilatation are positively related (r=0.5, p=0.05). D2 correlates negatively with maximum Geodetic Strain and Shear Strain (r=-0.56. p=0.03 and r=-0.56, p=0.02).
NAFZ in the Sea of Marmara
Seismicity -Strain
Seismic b-value and average dilatation are positively related (r=0.5, p=0.05). D2 correlates negatively with maximum Geodetic Strain and Shear Strain (r=-0.56. p=0.03 and r=-0.56, p=0.02).
Asperity based Hazard Model
TTLL(M) = dT/10 (M) = dT/10 (a-bM)(a-bM)
Oncel and Wyss, 2000Oncel and Wyss, 2000
Asperity Hazard Model
Maps of recurrence interval are shown for (a) Hs = Maps of recurrence interval are shown for (a) Hs = 12.5km over the region of analysis conducted by 12.5km over the region of analysis conducted by Oncel and Wyss (2000) and (b) Hs =4km .Oncel and Wyss (2000) and (b) Hs =4km .
Geodetical Moment Rate Geodetical Moment Rate Kostrov 1974Kostrov 1974
Geodetical Strain Rate Geodetical Strain Rate Ward, 1994Ward, 1994
Oncel and Wilson, 2006Oncel and Wilson, 2006
NBFNBFCMFCMF
100 km
Mw=6.605/10/1985
Mw=6.823/12/1985
68
66
64
62
-136 -134 -132 -130 -128 -126 -124 -122
3.30 to 4.50
4.50 to 6.00
6.00 t0 8.00
CANADA
CORDILLERA
MACKENZI E MTNS
N.W.T
Mw=6.225/03/1988
0.00>M>2.50
2.50>M>4.00
4.00>M>6.90
13-15 October-1985
Nahanni 5 oct
Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4 Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4
A A'
Nahanni 5 OctNahanni 23 Dec
B B'
a)
-3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0-0.1 -0.05 0.0 0.05 0.1
1
1
2Nahanni 23 Dec
2
12
Depth=8 km
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
0 20 40 60 0 50 100 150
150
100
50
0
Nahanni 5 oct 1
2Nahanni 23 Dec
25 km
Depth
(km
)D
epth
(km
)Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4 Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4
-3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0-0.1 -0.05 0.0 0.05 0.1
25 March, 1988
A A'
B B'
c)
1
12
5 Oct 1
223 Dec
2
0.00>M> 2.50
2.50>M> 4.00
4.00>M> 6.90
3
14/08/1974 M=4.1
14/01/1977 M=2.8
25 March, 1988
21
4
Depth=8 km
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
0 20 40 60 0 50 100 150
150
100
50
0
5 Oct 1
223 Dec
25 km
25 March, 1988
Depth
(km
)D
epth
(km
)
A A'
B B'
b)
1 2
12
0.00>M> 2.50
2.50>M> 4.00
4.00>M> 6.90
5 Oct23 Dec
1986 J anuary1986 September
Depth=8 km
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
150
100
50
0
5 Oct 1
223 Dec
5 Oct 1
223 Dec
25 km
Antithetic lobe
Depth
(km
)D
ep
th (k
m)
Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4 Coulomb Stress Change (bar) - µ'=0.4
-3.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0-0.1 -0.05 0.0 0.05 0.1
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
0.20 0.00 0.12 1.40 1.57 2.47 2.97 2.55 2.75 1.02 0.56 1.37 0.14 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.00 0.20 1.45 0.53 0.29 0.70 0.42 1.52 0.22 0.00 0.37 0.47 0.00 0.00
0.43 0.37 0.09 0.46 1.24 0.42 0.64 0.85 1.55 0.95 0.00 0.90 0.63 0.00 0.11
0.09 0.02 0.88 3.14 2.89 1.84 1.00 0.50 1.63 2.24 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.37 2.16 2.31 2.08 0.14 0.00 1.49 1.06 0.80 0.26 1.06 0.31 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.44 0.00 2.27 3.29 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.70 0.00 0.12
0.05 0.00 0.00 2.04 3.83 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.62
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.46 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.24 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.39 0.00 0.22 0.06
0.34 0.92 2.20 2.45 1.17 0.97 0.06 1.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.52 0.39 0.81 1.65 1.37 0.99 1.34 1.93 0.98 0.70 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.14 0.00 0.22 0.26 0.43 0.60 2.03 3.49 0.43 0.57 0.17 0.36 0.52 0.86 0.83 0.41 0.92 0.53
0.21 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.21 4.84 3.56 2.15 1.17 0.92 0.68 1.65 0.38 0.71 0.18 0.22 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 2.41 0.22 0.20 0.64 1.02 1.51 0.68 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.80 0.76 0.64 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 2.27 3.22 0.50 0.20 0.22 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.73 3.51 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21
a) 0 km 40
b) 0 km 48
0.2
km
17.4
2
km
20
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
D
ista
nce
Dow
n D
ip
Slip(m)
Slip(m)
Distance Along Strike
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
0.20 0.00 0.12 1.40 1.57 2.47 2.97 2.55 2.75 1.02 0.56 1.37 0.14 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.00 0.20 1.45 0.53 0.29 0.70 0.42 1.52 0.22 0.00 0.37 0.47 0.00 0.00
0.43 0.37 0.09 0.46 1.24 0.42 0.64 0.85 1.55 0.95 0.00 0.90 0.63 0.00 0.11
0.09 0.02 0.88 3.14 2.89 1.84 1.00 0.50 1.63 2.24 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.37 2.16 2.31 2.08 0.14 0.00 1.49 1.06 0.80 0.26 1.06 0.31 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.44 0.00 2.27 3.29 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.70 0.00 0.12
0.05 0.00 0.00 2.04 3.83 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.62
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.46 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.24 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.39 0.00 0.22 0.06
0.34 0.92 2.20 2.45 1.17 0.97 0.06 1.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.52 0.39 0.81 1.65 1.37 0.99 1.34 1.93 0.98 0.70 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.14 0.00 0.22 0.26 0.43 0.60 2.03 3.49 0.43 0.57 0.17 0.36 0.52 0.86 0.83 0.41 0.92 0.53
0.21 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.21 4.84 3.56 2.15 1.17 0.92 0.68 1.65 0.38 0.71 0.18 0.22 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 2.41 0.22 0.20 0.64 1.02 1.51 0.68 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.80 0.76 0.64 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 2.27 3.22 0.50 0.20 0.22 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.73 3.51 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21
a) 0 km 40
b) 0 km 48
0.2
km
17.4
2
km
20
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
D
ista
nce
Dow
n D
ip
Slip(m)
Slip(m)
Distance Along StrikeDistance Along StrikeDistance Along Strike
Oncel, 2002 and 2007Oncel, 2002 and 2007
Coulomb stress and aftershocks: Example from western Canada
Almost 1000 stations in Japanese Islands daily measurement of location with Almost 1000 stations in Japanese Islands daily measurement of location with accuracy of 1[cm]accuracy of 1[cm]
1 3 0 Ê 1 4 0 Ê3 0 Ê
4 0 Ê
GPS Earth Observation Network GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET)(GEONET)
WAKUYA
OSHIKA
ONAGAWA
RIFU
MIYAGITAIWA
140.9 141 141.1 141.2 141.3 141.4 141.5
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.67.5 km
Mw=6.0, 2003/07/26 07:13Mw=5.2, 2003/07/26 16:56
Mw=5.3, 2003/07/25 00:13
GPS Stations
Aftershocks of M>1.7July 26-September 22
YAMOTO
SHIKAMA
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-15
-10
-5
0
Dep
th [k
m]
Distance [km]
B B'
0 5 10 15 20
-15
-10
-5
0
Dep
th [
km]
Distance [km]
A A'
Aftershocks of July 26, 2003 Aftershocks of July 26, 2003 (M(Mww=6.0) GPS-local stations=6.0) GPS-local stations
2002 2003 2004
0
1
2
0
10
20
30
40
TIME (Julian)
DIS
TU
RB
ING
ST
RE
SS
RA
TE
(M
Pa) DISTURBING STRESS RATE
Miy -Wak-Yam Osh-Ona-Yam Osh-Rif -Yam Rif -Miy -Yam Wak-Ona-Yam
MRI
M6.2
M7.0
MR
I=M
*100
/R
=0.8 WAKUYA
OSHIKA
ONAGAWA
RIFU
MIYAGITAIWA
140.9 141 141.1 141.2 141.3 141.4 141.5
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.67.5 km
Mw=6.0, 2003/07/26 07:13Mw=5.2, 2003/07/26 16:56
Mw=5.3, 2003/07/25 00:13
GPS Stations
Aftershocks of M>1.7July 26-September 22
YAMOTO
SHIKAMA
Stress - AsperityStress - Asperity
Oncel and Wilson - 2007Oncel and Wilson - 2007
Anomalous seismicity
Anomalous seismicity preceding the 1999 Izmir event
Contents of Presentation
Fluid effects of time-lapse seismic Fluid effects of time-lapse seismic velocity: An experimental studyvelocity: An experimental study
Consultant: Osamu NishizawaConsultant: Osamu NishizawaExploration Geophysics Research Group, Advanced Industrial Science Exploration Geophysics Research Group, Advanced Industrial Science and Technologyand Technology
Fluid Effects of 4D Seismic Wave Propagation through Rocks
Forecasting Study for Seismic Mechanism in Saudi Arabian Oil Fields Area
Seismology - Rock Physics
AppreciationAppreciation
Osamu NishizawaOsamu NishizawaMr.KonishMr.Konish
ii
Particle velocity at the surfaceParticle velocity at the surface
(Laser DopplerVibrometer)(Laser DopplerVibrometer)
LD
VL
DV
Wave MemoryWave Memory
PCPC
500
mV
500
mV
Waveform GeneratorWaveform GeneratorSampleSample
FluidFluid ContainerContainer
PZTPZT
Synthesizer & Amp.Synthesizer & Amp.
Optical unit of LDVOptical unit of LDV
reflection sheetreflection sheet
Fluid effects of time-lapse seismic Fluid effects of time-lapse seismic velocity: An experimental studyvelocity: An experimental study
y = 30.03x-0.75
R² = 0.909y = 27.43x-0.64
R² = 0.578
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
% Ch
ange
Time in Hours
Series1
Series2
Power (Series1)
Power (Series2)
y = 9.258x-0.70
R² = 0.978y = 9.833x-0.43
R² = 0.918
0102030405060708090
100
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
% Ch
ange
Time in Hours
Series1
Series2
Power (Series1)
Power (Series2)
Velocity Saturation
Shirahama
Sand Stone
Porosity: 13 %
Izumi Sand Stone
Porosity: 6.5 %
% C
hang
e%
Cha
nge
Porosity Effecting Seismic VelocityPorosity Effecting Seismic VelocityWater InjectionWater Injection
Shirahama Porosity: %13Shirahama Porosity: %13
y = 9.258x-0.70
R² = 0.978y = 9.833x-0.43
R² = 0.918
0102030405060708090
100
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
% Chan
ge
Time in Hours
Series1
Series2
Power (Series1)
Power (Series2)
Water Injection Water Injection y = 8.956x-0.67
R² = 0.707y = 8.956x-0.67
R² = 0.707
010
20
30
4050
6070
80
90100
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
% Chan
ge
Time in Hours
Series1
Series2
Power (Series1)
Power (Series1)
Power (Series2)
Oil InjectionOil Injection
Velocity Saturation
% C
hang
e%
Cha
nge
Fluid Effected Seismic VelocityFluid Effected Seismic Velocity
Shirahama
Sand Stone
Porosity: 13 %
Forecasting Study for Seismic Mechanism in Saudi Arabian Oil Fields Area
Consultant: Prof. Manabu HashimotoConsultant: Prof. Manabu HashimotoDPRI, Kyoto UniversityDPRI, Kyoto University
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
HALYJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
HALYJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
SOLAJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14
,200
3 in
mm
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14
,200
3 in
mm
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
YIBLJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
NAMAJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cha
nges
from
Jun
.14,
2003
in m
m
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Day from Jun.14,2003
E-W N-S U-D
BAHRJun.14,2003 - Jan.10,2004
Lack of High Quality Data within the Saudi Arabian Oil Fields Area
Station number GE 5
49Ê 50Ê 51Ê 52Ê 53Ê 54Ê 55Ê
27Ê
28Ê
29Ê
30Ê
31Ê
32Ê
33Ê
20 km
-2e-007 -1e-007 0 1e-007 2e-007
/yr
Contraction
Extension
5E-7 [/yr] Main Zagros Reverse Fault
Kazeru
nF
ault
Persian GulfArabian Platform
Analysis of High Quality Data through the Zagros Thrust Zone
Possible Future Works
Asperity based Seismic HazardAsperity based Seismic HazardGeodetical Seismic HazardGeodetical Seismic HazardRefraction Seismic TomographyRefraction Seismic TomographyRefraction MicrotremorRefraction MicrotremorExperimental GeophysicsExperimental Geophysics