My Story‘A Banner Bold’The Diary of Rosa Aarons

A Blooms Taxonomy Literature UnitNovember 2003

By T. Shaw

From: A Banner Bold: The diary of Rosa Aarons by Nadia WheatleyText copyright Nadia Wheatley, 2000

First published by Scholastic Australia 2000Reproduced by permission of Scholastic Australia Pty Ltd

About the story

Rosa Aarons and her family flee the turmoil of Europe in the year of revolution in 1848. Like so many other refugees, such as Karl Marx they fled to England where they made friends who were Chartists. Seeking a new life free from political and religious persecution the Aaron’s family immigrate to the Victorian goldfields. The Californian gold rush has finished and a rich array of gold seekers from all over the world head for Australia to make their fortune. Rosa keeps a journal of her observations and feelings and adventures, which she shares with her good friend back in England. This is the story of her experiences on the Ballarat goldfields in the climactic year of 1854.

About the Unit

This unit should be taught ideally in conjunction with a visit to the Sovereign Hill schools where over a two day period children experience the life of a school child on the goldfields in the 1850s. ‘A Banner Bold, the Diary of Rosa Aarons’ should be read as a serial with children able to access a wide range of non-fiction books on the discovery of gold. The Blooms Taxonomy approach to curriculum delivery develops the children’s thinking skills and creativity. This unit plan contains hyperlinks to sites, which can be used by teachers and students to enhance their understanding of issues and themes developed in the story.

About the author

Nadia Wheatley

Nadia is recognized as one of the finest writers in Australia. Her first book, Five Times Dizzy, was Commended in the 1983 CBC Awards, and received the NSW Premier’s Special Children’s Book Award.

She has since written several novels for teenagers, including Dancing in the Anzac Deli and The House That Was Eureka, both

Commended in the CBC Awards in 1985 and 1986 respectively. Whilst dealing with timeless and universal themes, she was also one of the first children’s authors to display an empathy and understanding of the multicultural experience in Australia.

My Place won the Children’s Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award for Younger Readers in 1988.

In 1994, Lucy in the Leap Year, published by Omnibus Books, was Honour Book in these same awards.

In 1997, Scholastic Australia released The Greatest Treasure of Charlemagne the King— a picture book account of King Charlemagne learning to read, with bold, rich illustrations by Deborah Klein. From: http://www.scholastic.com.au/Profiles /

Before the book

Before reading the book the children would benefit from a visit to the Melbourne Immigration Museum and access to background information on some of the characters and events that are mentioned in the story-

Raffaello Carboni Sir Charles Hotham ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ ‘Don Quixote’ ‘Peter Simple’ by Captain Marryat Diary writing Latin Guy Fawkes Peter Lalor

During the Book

Ideally the book should be read as a serial and in conjunction with an excursion to Sovereign Hill to gain empathy with Rosa’s experiences, The Eureka Centre which graphically details the ‘Battle for the Eureka Stockade’, The Ballarat Fine Art Gallery which has the original Eureka flag and the Gold Museum which has a wonderful collection of goldfield’s art and artifacts.

Knowledge

Complete a crossword and wordsearch based on the story Read pages 131-136 and complete reading comprehension activities. Reader’s Theatre After reading about being lost in the bush (page 71) Write a

short play that can be read aloud (or recorded as a radio play.) about being lost and scared.

Design and write a postcard from the goldfields or from Rosa to Jennychen from one of the locations she visited on her way to immigrating to Australia.

Complete a story map based on events from the story Storyteller Write a picture storybook version of the Eureka Stockade Battle. Make a bookmark with title, author, illustrator and blurb. Poster Create a poster for the library advertising the book. Acrostic Poem starting with a character name or mining implement or an object

related to gold mining or the Eureka Stockade. (I.e. fools gold)

Comprehension

Who’s who, Compare and contrast two characters using a Venn diagram (such as Rosa and the Flanagan girls)

Guess who Write clues about certain characters and see if students can guess the character.

Quotes Match the characters up to their quotes from the story. Lift the Flap Create a lift the flap picture of the National School, the ‘secret

Valley’, Rosa’s tent or the immigrant ship. Quiz Time The children write three quiz questions about the story and test the

class. Design a set Create a diorama of the stockade or the burning down of the Eureka

Hotel. Comic Children create a comic of a dramatic event from the story. Character traits List and give examples of Rosa’s character traits throughout the

story. On the voyage to Australia, Sir Charles Hotham shot an albatross, which was

considered bad luck. Make a list of actions or events that are considered good and bad luck (i.e. walking under a ladder or finding a four leaf clover)

On page 14 the new Governor said ‘Spare the rod and spoil the child’. Make a list of sayings and illustrate them for a class frieze.

Ballarat is an aboriginal word meaning-‘resting place’. Make a list of other aboriginal place names and their meanings.

From Rosa’s perspective write pen portraits of the famous people she meets. (I.e. Raffaello Carboni – ‘A nice Italian with a friendly dog, Napoleon.)

Application

Create a travel brochure advertising the benefits of immigration to Australia. (Make the problems such as overcrowding and unsanitary travel conditions seem acceptable.)

Write an immigrants handbook for Melbourne or Ballarat in PowerPoint format. Plan a traditional Jewish celebratory meal for Rosa. Rosa often refers to the

monotonous diet she has on the diggings (refer page 73) Put Rosa’s diet on a food pyramid. Does she have a well balanced diet?

Be a newspaper reporter and write a story about the cave-in (page 77) or the burning down of the Eureka Hotel (page 93)

Create a 3-D cardboard doll of a Victorian lady, digger or trooper. Construct a model of some of the mining equipment used on the diggings and

explain how it worked. Create a poster advertising a political rally at Bakery Hill (Refer page 97) Create a program for the children’s ‘grand performance’ Children should keep a journal while reading the serial. (Include a glossary of

interesting words and terms i.e. shicer) Rosa often has vivid dreams, which disturb her. Write about the funniest and

scariest dream you’ve ever had. Rosa feels jealous when her friend wins the part of Judith (refer page 88) and

starts to peak Latin better than she does. Rosa recognizes these feelings, what can she do to alleviate them?

Analysis

Complete an A-Z Chart about the gold rush. Design a wanted poster for a character from the story. Write a letter to Nadia Wheatley about her book. PMI Complete a PMI chart on living on the goldfields. Complete a six-hats problem solving activity about an episode from the story. Complete a ‘Y Chart’ on the diggings or the battlefield at Eureka. Write an interview between yourself and a character from the story. In the story there are references to books by Captain Marryat (Johnny Simple and

Children of the New Forest) and to Don Quixote and also her play about the heroine Judith. Do any of these stories have any link with the turmoil on the goldfields, Rosa’s plight and the eventual rebellion and its aftermath?

Synthesis

If Only Write a different ending to the story. Introduce a new character into the story. Write a biography of the character Diary The story is told completely from Rosa’s point of view in her diary. What if

other characters from the story kept a diary? Imagine another character writes an extract in diary form. Write the extract and include weather report and sketches as Rosa did.

Create a new gold mining tool. Illustrate it or create a model and write how it works.

Create a PowerPoint presentation on some matter related to the story. Whooping cough ‘Fools gold’ Traditional Chinese medicine The Battle of the Eureka Stockade Early immigration to Australia Bushrangers ‘Children of the New Forest’ The Klondike gold rush The stories of Captain Marryat.

Evaluation

Complete a ‘for or against’ chart on an issue that could be debated by the class. (I.e. Monarchy v Republic, panning v deep-lead,) On the chart have them write arguments for or against.

Complete a ‘Thumbs up and Thumbs Down chart’ Create a chart that lists all the exciting and boring episodes from the story and compare them with those compiled by the rest of the class.

Create an alternative book cover and include a review of the story on the front cover.

Determine the positive attributes of characters and on Publisher create a merit certificate for that character.

What would it be like to be in this story? Place yourself in the story as a student in the National School. Would you be Rosa’s friend?

Create a mural of a scene from the story such as- the diggings, the secret valley, the Hotel fire or the trek from Melbourne to Ballarat.

Complete a ‘Fishbone’ activity based on the Eureka Rebellion. Complete a KWL Chart on gold mining or the Eureka rebellion.

After reading the Book

After reading the book and experiencing Sovereign Hill the children should put on a display of their work (literature, journals, PowerPoint’s and craft) for their parents together with a damper afternoon tea. Children may like to-

Read other books written in the form of diaries or journals. Read ‘Children of the New Forest’ or watch the film. Visit another historical theme park such as ‘Flagstaff Hill’ or the ‘Swan Hill

Pioneer Settlement’. Find out more about modern gold mining or jewelry making. Learn some useful Latin phrases. Learn more about Judaism.

NOTE:

The idea behind this unit of work is to provide schools visiting Sovereign Hill with curriculum support to enable them to incorporate literature into their integrated studies on the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s. ‘A Banner Bold’ was chosen because it is easily accessible (It has been in print since 2000), within the reading abilities of children participating in the two-day goldfields immersion process (grade 5-6) and is written by a well-known and talented author. (Every school would have a copy of ‘My Place’ in its library.)

Word and the ‘Times New Roman’ font has been chosen in an attempt to make this work accessible to all teachers regardless of the age of their computers or computer skills.

Thank-you to Scholastic books for giving their permission to reproduce some illustrations and text from the book.

I drew the sketches from existing, contemporary paintings and photographs.

A great deal of my background information comes from the Internet sites found in the bibliography or hyperlinked. Remember to personally check all sites first before allowing children to access them.

Publisher, Word and PowerPoint are all Microsoft products. The Discovery Channels Puzzle maker site was used to create the word search and crossword. Graphic organizer examples can be found simply by typing ‘graphic organizers’ into any search engine.

No assessment checklists or tests are attached to this unit. Teachers should determine what aspects of the unit they wish to use and what they wish to use as a basis for individual student assessment. Refer to ‘In Full Bloom’ for interesting assessment and record keeping suggestions when using Blooms taxonomy.

Tony ShawHead teacher Glen Park Primary School (November 2003)

Cross – curriculum activities

The Gold Rush

Science / technology Make a photographic

study of Sovereign Hill Make models of mining

equipment. Investigate the properties

of gold Jewellery making Investigate precious

stones. Study erosion and modern

gold mining techniques.

SOSEInvestigate the discovery of gold and its impact on local aborigines and the future of Victoria. How did the sudden impact of mass immigration and the Eureka rebellion effect Victorian society? Investigate life on the gold fields.

Maths Investigate pre-

decimal weights, measures and currency

Graph the value of gold over time.

Graph population changes and movements.

Art / craft

Flower pressing Design tent flags

and alternative Eureka flags

Sew a sampler Create a diggings

diorama.

Music Create your own bush music

instruments. Investigate goldfields songs. Create your own ‘sound and

light’ show for your diorama.

Health / P.E. Investigate the type

of games played by children in the 1850s.

Plan and embark on a local bushwalk. Collect samples and map the route you take.

Try bush dancing.

Bibliography

Fiction ‘A Banner Bold’, Nadia Wheatley, Scholastic Books, 2003 ‘Valley of Gold’, Jackie French, Angus and Robertsons, 2003 ‘So Far From Skye’, J. O’Neill, Puffin, 1993

Non-Fiction ‘The Gold Rushes’ Olga and Mark Fox, Kid Zone Books, 2003 ‘Gold Australia’, Tony Cargo, Woollahra Books, 2003 ‘Classroom Focus-Gold’, J. Darby, Scolastic Publications, 2003

Teacher reference (Thinking curriculum resources) ‘In Full Bloom’, Tina McDougall, Hawker Brownlow Educational, 2003 ‘Activities for Any Literature Unit’, P.Carey, Hawker Brownlow Educational,

1997

Adult reference ‘Nothing but Gold’, Robyn Annear, Text Publishing, 1999 ‘Eureka’, John Molony, Melbourne university Press, 2001 ‘The Victorians’, A.N. Wilson, Arrow Books, 2002

Relevant Internet sites

Web sites on Raffaello Carboni including e-text of his version of the events that occurred at the Eureka Stockade.

http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext02/rkstk11.txt http://www.ozlit.com/book.php/book/4 http://eureka.imagineering.com.au/carboni.htm

General information about the Eureka Stockade uprising.

http://eureka.imagineering.com.au/sitemap.htm (The excellent Eureka on trial site)

http://www.takver.com/history/eureka.htm (Comprehensive ‘anarchist’ view of the rebellion.)

http://eureka.imagineering.com.au/murder_of_james_scobie.htm (The murder of James Scobie)

http://www.johnston-independent.com/eureka_affair.htm (Adapted excerpts from J. T. Harvey’s, Eureka Rediscovered: In search of the site of the historic stockade, University of Ballarat, 1994.)

http://eureka.imagineering.net.au/www.site/access_version/eureka_stockade.htm (The building of the Eureka stockade.)

http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/goldeureka.htm (Child friendly, basic information)

http://www.alphalink.com.au/~eureka/eukand.htm (Well written essay) http://www.eurekatimes.net/eureka_diary.htm (Eureka diary) http://www.ballarat.com/historic_timeline.htm (Ballarat historical timeline) http://www.ballarathistory.org.au/eurknine.html (The aftermath of the rebellion.) http://www.alphalink.com.au/~eureka/lalor.htm (Ballarat Reform league meeting

and Peter Lalor letter.) http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/educate/publications/eureka/toc.htm (The excellent

State Library site.) http://www.standard.net.au/~jwilliams/eureka.htm (Press response) http://www.eurekastockadefilm.com/ (Site for the film to be made in 2003-04) http://www.statelibrary.vic.gov.au/slv/exhibitions/goldfields/ (Life on the

goldfields. Great site. Very good teacher resources.) http://www.amol.org.au/eureka/gallery2/index.htm (The Ballarat Fine Arts

Gallery Eureka exhibition.)

Sir Charles Hotham http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/exhibitions/goldfields/eureka/hotham.htm

Don Quixote http://quixote.mse.jhu.edu/ http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/donquixote/ http://www.selfknowledge.com/1donq10.htm http://www.donquixote.com/

Captain Marryot http://www.athelstane.co.uk/marryat/nuforest/nuforest.htm http://www.btinternet.com/~swayit/Sway/cotnf.html http://www.athelstane.co.uk/marryat/p_simple/p_simple.htm

Diary writing http://www.detnews.com/2002/health/0207/04/f01-527910.htm

Latin http://www.orbilat.com/Latin/ http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/DIS/OHSICS/forlang/latin.htm

Guy Fawkes http://www.innotts.co.uk/asperges/fawkes/indexx.html http://www.infoplease.com/spot/guyfawkes.html http://www.britannia.com/history/g-fawkes.html http://www.bcpl.net/~cbladey/guy/html/main.html

Peter Lalor http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/speaker/former/lalor.htm http://www.geocities.com/cpa_blacktown/20000503mbrowguard.htm

Whooping Cough http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Whooping_Cough http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s10429.htm

Gold Mining and gold http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/ELEMENTS/GOLD/GOLD.HTm http://www.gold-eagle.com/gold_digest/history_gold.html http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/elements/gold/gold.htm http://www.sovereignhill.com.au/education/gallery.shtml http://www.sovereignhill.com.au/education/notes_sec_mining.shtml

Captain Ross http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/educate/publications/eureka/toc.htm

Immigration http://www.bairdnet.com/immigration1.html http://home.att.net/~wee-monster/ei.html http://www.anmm.gov.au/LIB/isa.htm http://proarchives.imagineering.com.au/index_search.asp?searchid=4 http://www.immigrantships.net/ http://www.anmm.gov.au/LIB/isa.htm http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/navId/005 http://www.sbs.com.au/gold/story.html?storyid=49 (Immigrants) http://www.sbs.com.au/gold/story.html?storyid=28 (Journey on a clipper ship)

Fredrick Vern http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/dnutting/germanaustralia/e/vern.htm

Bushrangers http://www.midcoast.com.au/~ttc/Bushrangers.html http://www.nedkellysworld.com.au/bushrangers/bushrangers_index.htm http://www.wilmap.com.au/bushrangers.html http://www.wilmap.com.au/bushranger_disp.html

Eureka (Teacher’s resource) http://www.midcoast.com.au/~ttc/eureka.html http://members.ozemail.com.au/~slacey/austhistory.htm#gold http://acn.net.au/articles/eurekastockade/ http://www.midcoast.com.au/~ttc/Colonisation.html

Eureka chronology http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/exhibitions/goldfields/eureka/chronol.htm

http://web.stdavids.adl.catholic.edu.au/hotlinks/Our%20Australia%20Series/ Alternet/Book2/eureka.htm

Charles Doudiet http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/exhibitions/goldfields/eureka/doudiet.htm

1848 http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/revs/1848time.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook19.html

Karl Marx http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html

Chartists http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/chartism.htm http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/womchart.htm http://www.vauxhallsociety.org.uk/Chartists.html

California Goldrush http://www.calgoldrush.com/ http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist/chron1.html http://www.malakoff.com/goldcountry/history.htm http://www.cogweb.ucla.edu/Chumash/Goldrush.html http://www.maritimeheritage.org/sites.htm

Blooms taxonomy http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/dalton.htm http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learn/program/hndouts/bloom.html

Jewish museums and immigrant sites http://www.adelaidejmuseum.org/bookol/kleehistory1.htm http://www.jewishmuseum.com.au/index.htm http://www.sydneyjewishmuseum.com.au/ http://www.jewishaustralia.com/ http://www.jewishgen.org/ http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/info1.shtml

Ecologically sustainable gold mining http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/gold/ecomine2.htm

Judith Slaying Holofernes http://members.ozemail.com.au/~drbrash/artemisia/judith1.html http://www.loggia.com/art/baroque/caravaggio.html

The Gold rush http://www.sbs.com.au/gold/#

http://home.freeuk.net/corbettcentre/AttenderPages/gold_rushes.htm http://www.jewelrysupplier.com/2_gold/gold_geography.htm http://www.amol.org.au/discovernet/tales/gold.asp http://www.anmm.gov.au/gold150/sovhill.HTM http://info.goldavenue.com/Info_site/in_arts/in_civ/in_rush_australia.html http://www.canterbury.nsw.gov.au/library/homezone/gold.htm

Gold http://www.australiangold.org.au/vault/index.cfm http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/au.html http://www.scescape.net/~woods/elements/gold.html http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/79.html http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele079.html http://www.sbs.com.au/gold/story.html?storyid=16

History sites http://www.multied.com/index.html http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/revolutionarywar/ http://www.historychannel.com/classroom/classroom.html http://www.htav.asn.au/ http://www.ibiscom.com/19frm.htm http://www.zades.com.au/linksgen.htm#Maps http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/australia/ http://www.anmm.gov.au/ http://www.schools.ash.org.au/bilambil/ozhistory2.html

Charles Dickens http://www.fidnet.com/~dap1955/dickens/

Useful sites for teachers http://school.discovery.com/teachingtools/teachingtools.html http://www.ajkids.com/

Gold Rush links page http://www.sharelynx.net/Markets/GoldRushes.htm http://www.argotlibrary.com/augold.html

Maps http://eureka.imagineering.com.au/map.htm?fl=t http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/slv/educate/publications/eureka/toc.htm http://www.ga.gov.au/nmd/mapping//names/names.htm

A Banner Bold (Wordsearch)

A Banner Bold (crossword)

Across3. Rosa helped to hide him.4. Rosa's play was based on this character.5. Everyone thought he had committed murder.8. The girl with carrot colored hair9. A fort10. 'I have found it!'12. The new Governor of VictoriaDown1. A precious metal2. The book Rosa had to read at school.4. Rosa wrote to her friend in England.6. An old language that Rosa was learning.7. The site of the latest gold rush.11. The hero of the story.

A Banner Bold(Reading Comprehension)

1. Why doesn’t Rosa take a lamp up to the Eureka field?2. What constellation blazes above Rosa?

3. How does Rosa describe the Eureka fence?4. Who should be on sentry duty?5. What is the name of the creek?6. What are the nicknames given to the soldiers and the troopers?7. When the attack starts what is Rosa’s main thought?8. Where was Mr. Lalor wounded and what did Rosa do to help him?9. What happened to Captain Ross?10. How long did the battle last?11. What happened after the battle to the families in their camps?12. How many men were imprisoned?13. What does Mama call her baby? 14. How many diggers died?15. Read an alternative report on the battle. How do they differ?16. Draw and label the battle scene

A Banner Bold story map (Illustrate and write captions for events where they occurred in the story)

A Banner Bold (Acrostic poem)

The children find some specks of gold in the creek.

A Banner BoldVenn diagram

Rosa Aarons Katie Flannagan

A Banner Bold

Guess Who?

STEP 1 Select a character from the storySTEP 2 Fill in the following sentence clues about your chosen character.

CLUE 1 If I were to tell you how my character looks, I would say that…

CLUE 2 Something my character did was…

CLUE 3 Something my character said was…

CLUE 4 I think the story could/could not (circle one) have happened without my character because….

Read one clue at a time to the class. At the end of each clue, see if anyone can identify the character. If no one can after the last clue then tell the class the name of your character.

My Character is: ……………………………………..

I did/ did not refer to the book

(Idea taken from ‘Activities for Any Literature Unit’. Refer bibliography for publication details.)A Banner Bold

Match quotes from the story (from page 1 – 88)(Choose from: Rosa, Katie, Vati, Mama, Signor Carboni, Father Pat,Sir Charles Hotham)

I think Rosa should start to learn responsibility.(Page 45)

That’s true, neither was our lord Jesus Christ. He was a Jew. Like our friend Rosa here.

(Page 62)

I have told you, Sir Charles Hotham is a complete despot!

(Page 64)

What happens if the troopers catch a digger and he hasn’t got a licence?(Page 53)

Oh mama I was nearly squashed by a horse. But this man saved me.(Page 54)

It is very infectious…and in some cases there is no cure.(Page 37)

‘Hold the kettle! I’m going to go and get Father Pat!

(Page 84)

It’s not so much the money; it’s the principle of the thing. Poor Joannes is the victim, not the perpetrator!(Page 85)

Spare the rod and spoil the child. It is my belief that the maxim holds as true for the colony.

(Page 14)

But it’s my play!(Page 88)

A Banner Bold (comic)

By: …………

A Banner Bold

Character Traits (enlarge to A3 size)

Some of the traits in the list below fit Rosa and some do not. Select 4 traits that best describe her and write them on the chart. Then for each trait, list one action in which she exhibits the trait.

Trait Actions that demonstrate the trait.

Intelligent funny responsible caring determinedHonest hardworking problem solver confidant generous Co-operative loyal brave

A Banner Bold (newspaper Enlarge to A3 size)

The Goldfields TimesTuesday 19th September 1854 Price 1 penny

a b c d e f

g h i j k

l m n o

q r s t u

v w x y z

A Banner BoldGoldfields A-Z (Enlarge to A3 size)

A Banner BoldWanted Poster (enlarge to A3 size)

WANTEDFOR

DSCRIPTION

REWARD

Front Profile

A Banner BoldPMI Chart

PLUS + MINUS - INTERESTING?

A Banner Bold‘Y Chart’

What would you feel?

What would you see?

What would you hear?

A Banner Bold(For or against chart)

The issue:

Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST

A Banner Bold(Alternative book cover)

A Banner Bold(Food Pyramid)List some of the food that Rosa and her family have eaten during the story. How does it compare to our modern diet? How healthy is his diet? (Enlarge to A3)

Fats, oils and sweets

Fruit and vegetables

Grains, bread, rice, pasta.

Meat and dairy

Also refer this web site: http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/pyramid.html (Kidshealth)Fish bone diagrams

The fishbone mapping organizer – Helps students visually organize casual relationships in complex ideas or events. To increase awareness of cause and effect. To develop skills in organizing material.

Instructions Begin by recording the end result of the idea or event to be mapped. Ask students to work backwards by identifying and recording causes of the event or

resulting idea or discovery. Students should then analyze the cause s and fill in details about each one.

UsesIn literature fishbone diagrams can be used to map a character’s action or the causes leading up to an event in the book. (i.e. Rosa’s involvement in helping Peter Lalor in the aftermath of the Eureka rebellion.)

Below is an example of a fishbone map from Enchanted learning.

From: http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/graphicorg/start.htm

A Banner Bold(Enlarge to A3 size)

A Banner Bold(KWL Chart. Begin this task before reading the book and complete after the story is completed.)

K (Know) W (Want to know) L (What you’ve learnt)