myanmar water portal - gateway to the myanmar water sector. - … · 2019-08-05 · adaptive...

21.09.2018Ingrid Nesheim 1

The IWRM project:

The River Basin Management Approach –a pilot in the Bago River Sub-basin Area

Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Zaw Win Myint, Toe Aung, Zaw Lwin Tun (IWUMD), Bo Ni (WMD, FD)

Bago, September 20th 2018

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• Coordinated water management for surface waters, the marine influence area and ground waters within a river basin;

• Across administrative borders like states, regions, towns, and municipalities


IWRM and the River Basin Management Approach:

- a holistic River Basin Management Plan

• Integration of sector authorities, experts and disciplines, involvement of stakeholders - and the of use common thresholds and environmental standards


FRAGMENTED MANAGEMENT =

POOR MANAGEMENT!

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) – a law; all countries

in the EU union have to implement


The UNESCO IWRM guidelines – no law – a policy

brief on recommended steps for water mangement

International IWRM frameworks

Myanmar National Water Framework Directive(NWRC, 2014)

Seven directives which focuses on:

• River basin management and plans

• Aim of good ecological status and healthy rivers and lakes (chemical and ecological status)

• Good quantitative status

• Coordination of authorities

• Involvement of interersted parties


INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

= HOLISTIC and SUSTAINABLE

water management

The River Basin Management Approach in Bago

A science - policy - civil society approach:

it has included both practical water management tasks, and an administrative river basin management

• Coordination of authorities

• Involvement of CBOs and civil society

• An ecosystem Management approach, and a Knowledge based approach

Adaptive learning approach – a continuous process towards the aim integrated water management


The step zero: Delineation of an administrative River Basin Area

Upper, Middle and Lower Sittaung Sub-basinAreas were identifed in two workshops in 2015.

These are units for practical water management tasks based on coordination and involvment for

development of Sub-basin Management Plans.

The Bago River Sub-basin are a case

study area for pilot testing the river basinmanagement approach.


Bago Sub-basin pilot the river basin administrative approach

• Bago Sub-basin Area Committee, Kyaw Min San the Bago MONREC minister was elected as chair person, Directors of Bago FD, ID DWIR were elected as secretaries. Four meetings organized.

• Bago Non-governmental Stakeholder Group meetings, a the arena for regional particpiation. Three secretaries have been elected. Four meetings organized.

• Dialoge meetings between the Committee and the Group have been organized

21.09.2018 8

Agreeing on the timeline for developing theBago River Sub-basin Water Management Plan


Timeline for different steps

Date

Characterization and classification (monitoring)

2015-Continous

Prioritized water management issues

2016

Environmental aims of water body types

2016

Abatement measures 2017

Prioritization of abatement measures 2017

-2018

The Bago Sub-basin – water quality monitoring since 2015

Characterization of Bago Sub-basin

• Chemical, biological and hydro-morphological monitoring is undertaken in 35 at water bodies.

• FD and IWUMD are sampling in Bago on monthly basis 35 stations. Samples are analysed at IWUMD laboratory in Yangon, FRI laboratory in NPT, and at NIVA in Norway.

• Bago Sub-basin Area Characterization report – an overview of water use, water users and pressure analysis as background for the assessment of ecological status of surface waters in the Bago is available from project home page.


A system to measure ecological status of rivers


Typically higher species

diversity, and species sensitive

to oxygen demand

Lower species diversity, loss

of pollution sensitive

species

Low species diversity –

species present low oxygen

demand

Chemical status is evaluated based on concentrations of chemical substances

that are dangerous to humans and animals.

Ecological status is based on biology, but use hydromorphology and chemical

substances as supportive elements.

The chemical water quality element: Nutrient pollution, no metal pollution detected

12

General trend: From Bago city and downwards, nutrients levels are especially high (the bacteria E. coli was also detected from here).

Total phosphorus (TP)Total nitrogen (TN)

E. coli

13

Macroinvertebrates

14

Hydromorphology

Database for access to water quality data

• A database system is made available for users of FD, IWUMD, and DWIR, technical developments continue throughout the project period.

• Training workshops with members from FD, IWUMD and DWIR in Myanmar.

• Data from the project is uploaded on this database.

• A server has been purchased and has been installed at FD. The purchase includes technical assistance from the provider. Data will be made available for external users the the problem of a firewall has been solved.


Decision making: What are prioritizedmanagement issues / pressures ?


Bago township Thanatpin ts Kawa ts Waw ts

Sewage

Garbage

Sand mining

Industrial waste

River Bank Erosion

and Sedimentation

Salt water intrusion

Invasive shell

species destroying

the paddy fields

High concentration

of phosphorus and

nitrogen

Ground water

pollution

River Bank Erosion

and Sedimentation


Invasive shell

species destroying

the paddy fields

High concentration

of phosphorus and

nitrogen

River bank erosion

and sedimentation


Invasive shell

species destroying

the paddy fields

High concentration

of phosphorus and

nitrogen

River bank erosion

and sedimentation

Categories of water body types based onpressure analysis and use categoreis


Protected areas

Reservoirs & dams

Upsteam Bago City

Bago City area

Downstream Bago City

Pressures and

selected

environmental

objectives

identified for

each water

body type

Prioritization of measures - an iterative process


1. Overview of current measures by each sector

- including assessment of effectiveness of

measures

2. Discussion of possible measures related to

prioritized problems and identified objectives

3. Prioritization of measures according to

criteria

Effectiveness of measure

Criteria for prioritization

Costs / funding

Political feasibility

Social feasiblity

Programe of measures


The Programme of Measures –for each department

The selected measures targets specific pressures:


FD: deforestation and diffuse pollutions prioritized pressures

funding

Pressure Impact of pressure Environmental objectiveongoing measure, planned

measure, planned measure 5yrs

time frame whereeffectiveness

of measure

incentive /

enforcement

Deforestation – erosion /sedimentation/ reduced water quality – healthy rivers /no

erosion- reforestation, Upper Bago, awareness, buffer zones - rules and regulations

The use of fertilizers & pesticides – contaminated water – healthy rivers –

termination of leasing rubber plantations Kandawgyi - rules and regulation

Some reflections on the approach

With reference to the goal of IWRM we have achieved:

• Sub-basin platforms for coordination and involvement –including secretariat for the development of this plan.

• yet not all water related issues included in discussions so far

• also other water related departments such as MOEE

• outreach for participation and awareness must improve

• The pilot has contributed to an increasing awareness of the ecological status and pressures in and along the Bago Sub-Basin

• A lot of data has been produced, and a database including a server is available

• Struggling with a firewall, but soon data will be accessible by log in to the database also by external users

• A coordinated Sub-basin Management Plan has been developed

• Water quantity issues not yet tackled by the Committee 21.09.2018Ingrid Nesheim 21


Reports for download available from:

facebook page: IWRM and www.niva.myanmar.no

Continue follow up of monitoring of

ecolgical staus

Enable access to database


Selection of topics for capacity building og Committee and Group

Halfyear progress meetings and progress support

Advance on participation

Coordination across Sub-basinn within the Sittaung River Basin Area

Future follow up of theBago River Basin Approach


Thank you for your time

and your attention!

Kyeizu tin ba de

Bago River

Follow us on facebook! (Search IWRM

project)

It is challenging when discussion also includes difficult trade offs among policy areas – this is furthermore an issue which is decided on national level.


Some reflections and the future plan

Towards the aim og true integration for reaching sustainable development we have reached 1..

Some reflections and the future plan

Towards the aim og true integration for reaching sustainable development we have reached 1..

It is challenging when discussion also includes difficult trade offs among policy areas – this is furthermore an issue which is decided on national level.


1. Information, experience and

knowledge sharing

4. Common abatement measures

across authorities and sectors

3. Change of pracsis in own sector

2. Development of common

understandinng of the problems

This project.. pilot on river basin management will report experiences on:

• Non-governmental Stakeholder involvment in water management – on local, regional, and national level

• On challenges of coordination among departments onpractical water management tasks such as monitoring ofwater water quality

• It is an aim gain more experiences from other such pilots in the next phase of this IWRM !


myanmar water portal - gateway to the myanmar water sector. - … · 2019-08-05 · adaptive...

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