mycobacterium leprae
DESCRIPTION
microbiologyTRANSCRIPT
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Microbiology:Chapter 14
Mycobacterium leprae
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01
Acid-fast rod
Impossible to grow on artificial media
(Grown in the foot pads of mice,
armadillos, and monkeys)
Nonmotile
Facultative intracellular growth
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02
Catalase-positive
Grows best at low temperature
Phenolase-positive
Metabolism
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03
Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy,
also called Hansen's Disease.
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04
- Infection occurs when a person is exposed
to the respiratory secretions or skin lesions
of an infected individual.
- Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
limits the spread of the bacteria. However,
it causes inflammation and granulomas.
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05
Leprosy damages the skin (sparing warm areas such as the armpit, groin, and perineum), the superficial nerves, eyes, nose, and testes
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065 Subdivisions based on the level of cellular immunity
Lepromatous leprosy (LL)
Tuberculoid leprosy (TL)
Borderline lepromatous (BL)
Borderline (BB)
Borderline tuberculoid (BT)
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Lepromatous leprosy (LL)Severest form of leprosy
- Patients with LL cannot mount a
delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
- Very low cellular immunity
Involves skin, nerves, eyes, and testes
Acid-fast bacilli are found everywhere
LL will lead to death if untreated
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Tuberculoid leprosy (TL)
Milder and self-limiting disease - Patients with TL can mount a cell- mediated defense - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction is intact. - Patients demonstrate localized superficial, unilateral skin and nerve involvement; non-infectious and spontaneously recover.
Bacilli are difficult to find in lesions or blood
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09BL, BB, and BT
Borderline lepromatous (BL). Borderline
(BB), and Borderline Tuberculoid (BT)
Represent a continuum between LL
and TL
** The skin lesions of BL will be more
numerous and have a greater diversity of shape than those of BT
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Tuberculoid Borderline Lepromatous
Number of skin lesions Single Several Many
Hair growth on skin lesions Absent Slightly
decreased Not affected
Sensation in lesions of the extremities
Completely lost Moderately lost Not affected
Acid-fast bacilli in skinscraping
None Several Innumerable
Lepromin skintest
Strongly positive No reaction No reaction
Spcectrum of Leprosy