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MyiasisParasitology Department

D E

F E

N I T

I O N

An infestation of the organs

and tissue of human or animal

by fly maggots that, at least

for a period of time, feed on

the host’s dead or living

tissue, liquid body-substances

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D E

F E

N I T

I O N

tissue, liquid body-substances

or ingested food (Herm’s,

1971).

Epid

em

iolo

gy

• Distribution:�Myiasis is endemic throughout the African and American tropics and subtropics.

� It occurs more readily in warm and humid environments.

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Epid

em

iolo

gy

and humid environments.

� In the tropics, cases present year round, but in more temperate zones, myiasis is generally restricted to the summer months.

CLASSIF

ICATIO

N

• Based on Biology of Larvae:

�Obligatory myiasis(Specific):

are those larvae which must

develop exclusively in or on

living tissue of human and

animal.

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CLASSIF

ICATIO

N

animal.

e.g.: Callitroga macellaris

Chrysomia bezziana

Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

�Facultative myiasis (Semi

specific):are those which are normally

free-living, but occasionally may

gain access to body e.g. via

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Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

gain access to body e.g. via

wound.

e.g.: - Wohlfahrtia magnifica

- Cochliomyia hominivorax

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Myiasis through wound skin

Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

�Accidental Myiasis

(Pseudomyiasis):Maggots are accidentally ingested

by host and are not able to

continue their development in

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Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

continue their development in

the human intestinal tract.

e.g.: Musca domestica

Sarcophaga spp.

Piophila casei

Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

• Based on Clinical:

�Enteric Myiasis:

This does not occur in human,

although it does affect horses,

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Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

although it does affect horses,

donkeys, elephants, etc.

e.g.: Gastrophilus spp.

�Urogenital Myiasis:This occurs when persons may

sleep without covering.

e.g.:

• Musca domestica

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• Musca domestica

• Chrysomia bezziana

Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

�Dermal/ subdermal

Myiasis:

Maggots are put on the necrotic

skin and make a burrow at the

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Cla

ssificatio

n (co

nt’)

skin and make a burrow at the

ulcer; e.g.:

• Wohlfahrtia vigil

• Chrysomia bezziana

• Cordylobia spp.

Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

�Nasofaring Myiasis:

Usually occur in infant and children

• Chrysomia bezziana

• Hypoderma lineatum

• Oestris ovis

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Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

• Oestris ovis

�Ophthalmic Myiasis:

Usually occur in eyes (COA,COP,

Palpebra): Chrysomia bezziana

Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

�Furuncular Cutaneous

Myiasis:Occurs on exposed sites such as the

scalp, face, forearms and legs.

e.g.: Cordylobia anthrophaga

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Cla

ssificatio

n (C

ont’)

�Migratory Cutaneous Myiasis:It generally occurs in human who used

to close contact with cattle.

e.g.: Hypoderma bovis

Hypoderma lineatum

Managem

ent/

thera

py

• Surgical debridgement:Surgical incision & extraction of the larvae is usually done under local anasthesia.

• Suffocation approaches:

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Managem

ent/

thera

py

Several substance which may used to block larvae’s respiratory such as Vaseline, or similar material

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Gambar 27. Struktur spirakel posterior larva lalat