mysql features & implementation
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DESCRIPTION
Introduction to MySQL, and its features with an explanation of the various processes that should be followed in order to have an efficient MySQL implementation.TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction
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What we will discuss in next 1 hour
• General Info.• MySql Enterprise• Other Features of MySQL
> MySQL Network Monitoring and Advisory services> Backup and Recovery> Audit Trail > High Availability> Migration Tool Kit
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General Info - Overview of MySQL AB
• Founded in 1995• Operations in 24 countries• World’s Most Popular Open Source Database
> Over 10 million installations> 50,000 downloads each day
• Reduces TCO of database management> Reliable, high performance, easy to use
• Bundled by over 100 software & hardware companies• Partners and Telecom Service Integrators
HP, Dell, Novell, Red Hat, Unisys, Accenture, LogicaCMG, T-Systems and IPL
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Key Features
• Written in C, C++• Multilayered design with Independent
modules• Fully multi-threaded using Kernel Threads• Provides Transactional and Non-transactional
storage engines
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Key Features Cont…
• In memory heap table support• Server available in client server model, or
embedded DB.• Security and privilege management• Supports connection over SSL• Large database, large tables (default up to
256 TB)
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Key features contd…
• Connectors for application connectivity• 64 Index per table, 1-16 columns per index• Built-in tools for query analysis and space
analysis• Localization• Many more…
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What is MySQL Enterprise?
MySQL Enterprise is the leading open source database solution behind today’s modern enterprise applications. It includes:
• The MySQL Enterprise Server – the most reliable, secure, and up-to-date version of the world’s most popular open source database.
• MySQL Network Monitoring and Advisory Services – services to ensure the maximum quality, uptime, and performance of MySQL Enterprise systems.
• Production Support – around-the-clock support for the MySQL Enterprise server, along with consultative services and self-help knowledge aids.
Designed for production use and web businesses / enteprise customers relying on MySQL for key business applications.
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MySQL Enterprise vs. Community Server
Bug Escalation Privilege
Quarterly Service Pack Program
MatureExperimentalFeature Releases
24x7 Production Support
Extended End-of-Life Policy
Monthly Rapid Update Service Pack Program
Hot Fix Program
Platform / Application / Training Certified
Benefits from testing by worldwide Community
Enterprise Installer and Configuration Manager
Out-of-the-Box Configured for Enterprise use
Legal indemnification
Benchmarked with 2,000+ connections
Extensive internal/external (Coverity, KLOCwork) testing
Online Knowledge Base
Automated Software Update and Alert Service
Monitoring and Advisory Service
Open Source
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What is the MySQL Community Server?
The MySQL Community Server is the rapidly evolving, leading edge and non-commercially supported version of the MySQL server.
• Leading edge: new and experimental features with every release.• Open source development and innovation. GPL license. • High community participation. Contributions encouraged!• Great for open source developers, technology enthusiasts, and those
wanting to experiment and try out MySQL.• Serves as the foundation & proving ground for MySQL Enterprise.• No formal QA, support, or certifications
Recommended for non-production applications and those wishing to try out MySQL. Supported by the large MySQL open source community.
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Other Features of MySQL
• MySql Network Monitoring and Advisory services
• Audit Trail
• Backup and Recovery
• High Availability – Replication and Clusters
• Data migration from other RDBMS to MySQL
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MySQL Network Monitoring and Advisory Service
• Single, consolidated view into entire MySQL environment
• Customizable rules-based monitoring and alerts
• Identifies problems before they occur
• Reduces risk of downtime
• Makes it easierto scale-out without requiring more DBAs
“Virtual MySQL DBA”
Assistant
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Top Features & BenefitsEnterprise Dashboard
Primary benefits • Provides “at a glance” view into health, security, availability and performance of all MySQL servers.
Why it’s important
• Makes it easy to scale-out on MySQL without adding more DBAs.
• Saves DBA time writing, maintaining and monitoring scripts that collect, compile, and report similar metrics.
• Assists DBAs in determining “where” and “how” to spend their limited time.
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Security
• Protects MySQL Servers• Uncovers
Security loopholes
Schema
• Helps DBA design better databases• Uncovers
Security loopholes
Administration
• Helps DBA better manage database processes• Suggests
improvements for smoother operations
Performance
• Makes suggestions for improving database speed• Identifies
potential performance bottlenecks
Replication
• Makes suggestions for improving replication design• Identifies
potential replication bottlenecks
Custom
• Allows customer to create their own Advisor collection• Provides for
custom best practice enforcement
MySQL Network Advisors
Each contains a set of Advisor Rules designed to enforce MySQL Best Practices for the specific Advisor category.
Top Features & Benefits
Provide “Virtual MySQL DBA” expertise
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Value Prop of MySQL EnterpriseVa
lue
to C
usto
mer
Platinum
Gold +• Ensures
Performance and Availability•Guards against
unplanned schema change•Optimizes/Tunes
• Custom Queries •Database
Design• Custom Code
Gold
Silver +•Monitors and
Optimizes Memory Usage• Replication
Monitoring• Ensures proper
Replication configuration• Rapid Problem
Resolution • (Hot Fix builds)
SilverBasic +•Monitors all servers• Proactive
Notifications• Expert Advice•Optimizes MySQL
Configuration settings• Ensures
Recoverability• Tightens Security• Extends Support• Support! Support!
Basic• Enterprise Server• Ensures
Uptime/Reliability• Regular Service Packs• Self-help Support• Production Support
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MySql Backup
• Dump or Raw Backup• On-line or Off-line• Table Types and Consistency• Storage Requirements• Replication
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Dump or Raw Backup
• Dumps– Can be performed remotely– Take a lot of space– CPU intensive and slower– Are plain SQL, so easy to use later– Can do selective restore– Works for any table type
• Raw Backups– Faster, there is no translation– Restore “instantly”– Works for ISAM/MyISAM only
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On-line or Off-line
• On-line– May Impacts running applications (can’t write)– Must deal with data consistency issues– Slower than off-line because of I/O contention
• Off-line– Very simple– Speed is not an issue– Can use normal backup software
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Storage Requirements
• How long can you store backups?– Consider staggering older backups– Never know when you’ll want old data
• Raw backups take less space– You can keep just the .MYI header– Rebuild indexes later if need be
• All forms of backup can be compressed
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Replication
• Backup your slave instead of your master– Master won’t be interrupted– Slave can probably be shut down– Or at least you can hold read locks for a long time
and nobody will care
• It may be worth setting up a slave just for doing backups
• Remember to backup the master.info file
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Tools and Techniques
• mysqldump• mysqlhotcopy• InnoDB on-line backup• Off-line backups• Filesystem snapshots• Roll your own
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mysqldump
• Comes with MySQL• Dumps local or remote tables/databases• Variety of output formats• Handles locking if you need it• Works best for small and medium
installations
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mysqlhotcopy
• Comes with MySQL– Written by Tim Bunce of Perl DBI fame
• Raw backups of MyISAM tables• Handles locking• Regular expression support– Match certain databases or tables
• Can truncate indexes to save space
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mysqlsnapshot
• Separate download– http://jeremy.zawodny.com/mysql/
• Used for setting up replication snapshots• Or backing up a running server• Always backs up everything– Either one big tar file or one per database
• Very quick to restore
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InnoDB on-line Backup
• Separate download– http://www.innodb.com/
• Costs extra $$$• The only good solution for InnoDB backups
without replication• Only does InnoDB tables
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Off-line Backups
• Very easy• Hard to screw up• Use any backup tool you like– Just remember to backup all the MySQL stuff– You wouldn’t want compatibility problems after
an upgrade
• Restores can be quick
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Filesystem Snapshot
• Most “expensive” solution• Need hardware/software support– Veritas, Network Appliance, LVM, EMC, etc.
• Fastest option available• Uses least disk space• Doesn’t guard against all failures
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MySql Auditing
• Various logs that help in auditing:
• General Query Log• Binary Logs• Error Logs• Slow query log
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MySQL HA Solutions Overview
• Introduction to MySQL• HA Terms and Concepts• HA Requirements and Considerations• HA Solutions from MySQL• Third-Party HA Solutions for MySQL• Additional HA Resources plus Q & A
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What is High Availability?
• High Availability (HA) refers to the availability of resources in a computer system despite component failures
• Two major categories> Customized/redundant software and hardware> Software-based solutions leveraging COTS components
• Continuous Availability> Non-stop service> No disruption of service even during a fail over> Very high standard of availability, often unnecessary
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What is Replication?
• The duplication of data to more then one location• The use of additional hardware or software for…
> Availability> Reliability> Fault tolerance> Performance
• Asynchronous vs. Synchronous> Safeguarding data loss
• MySQL Replication> Statement vs Row-based Replication
• Block-level Replication (DRBD)
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What is Replication?
• The duplication of data changes to more than one location
updatecustomer
updatecustomer
Asynchronous Replication
Synchronous Replication
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What is Clustering?
• Clusters are often used for:> Operating systems> Databases> Application servers> Load balancers> Web servers> Just about any “service” that needs to be highly available
• Redundant nodes provide service when components fail• Eliminate single points of failure
> Multiple network connections> Redundant data storage (SAN, RAID)
• Shared-Nothing vs. Shared-Disk
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MySQL Replication
NoAutomated DB Fail Over
Dozens for Reads# of Nodes
NoWrite Intensive
YesRead Intensive
Scale-OutBuilt-in Load Balancing
Scalability
YesGeographic Redundancy
NoResynchronization of Data
VariesTypical Fail Over Time
NoAutomated IP Fail Over
Availability
SupportRequirements• Asynchronous> Statement> Row-based (5.1)> Mixed (5.1)
• Read vs. Write> Response times> Load balancing> Scale Out
• Administration> Backups> Upgrades> Testing
• Geographic Redundancy
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MySQL Replication Topologies
Master > Slave
Masters > Slave (Multi-Source)
Master < > Master (Multi-Master)
Master > Slaves
Circular (Multi-Master)
Master > Slave > Slaves
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Inside MySQL Replication
Writes & Reads
MySQL Master
I/OThread
SQLThread
Writes
relaybinlog
MySQL Slave
mysqld
data
index &binlogs
mysqlddatabinlogReplication
Web/AppServer
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MySQL Replication - Scale Out
Writes & Reads Reads Reads
• Write to one master• Read from many slaves• Perfect for read intensive apps
Load Balancer
MySQL Replication
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MySQL Cluster
• In-Memory Database> Disk Data (5.1)
• Shared-nothing storage• Synchronous replication• Fast-automatic data fail over• High performance
> NDB API• No special hardware • Best for primary key lookups• Transactional• Online backup
YesAutomated DB Fail Over
5.0: 64
5.1: 255# of Nodes
YesWrite Intensive
Yes (Look ups)Read Intensive
Scale-OutLoad Balancing
Scalability
Yes(w/ Replication)
Geographic Redundancy
YesResynchronization of Data
< 3 SecsTypical Fail Over Time
NoAutomated IP Fail Over
Availability
SupportRequirements
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MySQL Cluster Carrier Grade Edition
• An advanced version of MySQL Cluster for the telecom industry• Ideally suited for the telecom industry's top carriers, operators
and equipment manufactures• Used by industry leaders for real-time, scalable data
management
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4 Data Node MySQL Cluster
Application/SQL Nodes(NDB API and/or MySQL Server)
Data Nodes
ManagementNodes
Clients
NDB Storage Engine
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Geographic Redundancy
• As of 5.1, support for asynchronous replication between Clusters
• Enables a higher degree of availability and continuity
NDB API
NDB Storage Engine
NDB API
NDB Storage Engine
Asynchronous MySQL Replication
Cluster 1 Cluster 2
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Data Node Failure & Recovery
• Server 3 failure is detected• Server 4 handles Server 3 requests
Node Group 1 Node Group 2
2 3 41
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Data Node Failure & Recovery
• Server 3 begins copying data from Server 4• Complete or just changes since failure
Node Group 1 Node Group 2
2 3 41
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Data Node Failure & Recovery
• Once data is fully restored, Server 3 rejoins the cluster
Node Group 1 Node Group 2
2 3 41
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MySQL Migration Toolkit
• Wizard Interface. Supports...• Oracle• Microsoft SQL Server• Microsoft Access• Sybase• MySQL
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Questions...
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