MySQL and InnoDB Performance

Baron Schwartz | OSDC 2010

MySQL Architecture

MySQL Server

Storage Engines

Parser, Optimizer

Executor, Caches

InnoDB Storage Engine

• Transactional, ACID compliant

• Reliable, Stable

• Complex, Flexible

• A History of Poor Scalability

Thinking About Performance

Response TimeIs Everything

Response Time

R = W + S

Utilization

Res

po

nse

Tim

e

S

W

Response Time

R = W + S

Utilization

Res

po

nse

Tim

e

S

W

MySQL & InnoDB In Context

MySQL & InnoDB In Context

Operating Environment

MySQL Server

InnoDB

Operating Environment

RAM

CPUI/O

Network

Operating Environment

RAM

CPUI/O

Network

• Fast• Up to 24 Cores

• Up to 100's of GB

• RAID + BBU• Fast SAS Disks• SSD / FusionIO• XFS Filesystem• Deadline Scheduler

• High Bandwidth• Low Latency

MySQL Performance

Nested-Loop Joins and Subqueries

MySQL Performance

Cache Scalability

InnoDB's Single “Main Thread”

• Too Much Work! Purging, Flushing

• Main Thread Cannot Keep Up

Special-Purpose Threads

• Main Thread

• Purge Thread

• Multiple Read/Write IO Threads

InnoDB Mutex Contention

Buffer Pool

Splitting the Buffer Pool Mutex

Buffer Pool Flush List LRU Hash Free

Current InnoDB Bottlenecks

• Adaptive Hash Search Mutex

• Index Lock Mutex

• After These Are Solved, ???

How To Improve Performance

Measure Carefully

Proper diagnosis is 95% of the work

Use Good Tools

• New Relic

• MySQL Enterprise Monitor

• Cacti– http://code.google.com/p/mysql-cacti-templates/

• Maatkit

• GDB, strace, oprofile

Instrumentation is Key

• The best performance data is INSIDE MySQL

Percona Server with XtraDB

MySQL Server

Storage Engines

Parser, Optimizer

Executor, Caches

Tunability

Instrumentation

Diagnostics

Current Benchmarks

InnoDB -vs- XtraDB

http://tinyurl.com/xtradb-fusionio-jan-2010

XtraDB is much better than InnoDB in MySQL 5.1.

MySQL 5.5 -vs- Percona Server

http://tinyurl.com/xtradb-mysql5-5-ap2010

High performance is no use without stability.

Other Technologies

• Cloud Computing– 2 of the 4 critical resources are uncontrollable

• “NoSQL” Databases– It's too soon to be sure

Summary

• The operating environment is important

• MySQL & InnoDB are getting much faster

• The cloud is not a performance solution

• You are the key to better performance

Where Do You Go Next?

• Become a performance practitioner– Read High Performance MySQL 2nd Edition

– Read Optimizing Oracle Performance

– Read The Art Of Capacity Planning– Read http://www.percona.com/about-us/white-papers/

• Contribute!– Sponsor features you need or want

– Help improve tools