mystrium uroplectes - cesnet.co.za tete iron ore english cb127_180115... · 3 acraea acara acara...

Invertebrate Specialist Report – December 2014

Coastal & Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd Tete Iron Ore Project 47

Strict control of speed limits can reduce road mortalities of both terrestrial and aerial species (vertebrate and invertebrate) to a large degree – a speed limit of 40 km/h should be implemented within the project area. The proposed mining operation will contribute to local deforestation from loggers and charcoaling groups by providing access to the area through the construction of road networks. Therefore, it is important that the mining operation take the necessary management steps to help reduce the loss of (1) large areas of intact woodland, (2) loss of sensitive habitats such as riparian areas, (3) the destruction of natural migration corridors and consequent (4) habitat fragmentation, and (5) unsustainable utilisation for food due to increased access and human activity in the region. Investigations to determine the likely vulnerability of invertebrate species of potential conservation concern to project-related impacts as well as probable cumulative impacts are recommended; ideally the presence of the species highlighted as potential SCC should be confirmed in areas outside the proposed project site that could be protected in the long term. Many of the mygalomorph spider species can be properly identified only from adult male specimens, which mature, wander in search of females for a few weeks and then die and so are only present for a short period each year. Pitfall trapping during the appropriate season is the best way of capturing mygalomorph males. While males of different species peak in activity at different times of the year, trapping during the period shortly after the first good rains at the start of the rainy season (Nov-Dec), as well as during the later part of the rainy season (Feb-Mar) will usually yield specimens of most species present. It is strongly recommended that such surveys be undertaken within the project area as well as in representative areas of similar habitat outside the project area that could be protected as biodiversity offsets; this would allow evaluation of the suitability and effectiveness of the offset areas in conserving conservation-significant species that will be impacted on by the proposed mining activities. Similarly, surveys aimed at determining the extent of the distribution of Mystrium AFRC_mz01 and other potentially significant ant species, as well as the scorpion Uroplectes AFRC_mz01, are recommended to help to determine the degree to which they will be threatened by the project and the suitability of offset areas to effect their conservation. Light pollution, at least in the operational phase, is one of the most easily and effectively managed of all project impacts and there should be no reason to prevent very successful mitigation being implemented. Outdoor lighting should be kept to a minimum, long-wavelength (yellow or orange) light sources should be used and lighting should be directed inward and onto structures rather than outward and into the surrounding environment. Such measures would be beneficial, both to the natural environment by limiting disturbance to and death of invertebrates, and to project personnel, as lighting is more effectively utilised and the number of annoying insects attracted into the project area is minimised. Noise pollution and vibration should be restricted as far as possible. These impacts are generally localised and at least in respect of blasting, usually restricted to a short period during the day. Dust pollution should be minimised as far as possible.



6. REFERENCES Agosti, D., Majer, J.D., Alonso, L.E. and Schultz, T.R. (eds) 2000. Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. Coates-Palgrave, M. 2002. Keith Coates-Palgrave Trees of Southern Africa, 3 rd edn, 2nd imp. Struik Publishers, Cape Town Coates Palgrave, M., A. E. van Wyk, M. Jordaan, J. A. White and P. Sweet. 2007. “A reconnaissance survey of the woody flora and vegetation of the Catapú logging concession, Cheringoma District, Mozambique.” Bothalia 37(1): 57-73. Colwell, R. K. 2013. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9. User's Guide and application published at: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2002. Baboon and Trapdoor Spiders of Southern Africa: An Identification Manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 13. Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, 128pp. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. and Jocqué, R. 1997. African Spiders. An Identification Manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 9. ARC – Plant Protection Reseach Institute, Pretoria. Ekoinfo 2012. SPECIALIST: Biodiversity Report for the Baobab Resources’ Iron Mining Area near Tete, Mozambique. Eisenbeis, G. 2005. Artificial night lighting and insects: attraction of insects to streetlamps in a rural setting in Germany. In: Rich, C. and Longcore, T. eds. Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting. Washington, Island Press, pp.281-304. Guénard, B., Weiser, M.D. and Dunn. R.R. 2010. Ant Genera of the World. http://www.antmacroecology.org/ant_genera/index.html Hatton, J, Couto, M., Oglethorpe, J. 2001. Biodiversity and War: A Case Study of Mozambique. Washington, D.C.: Biodiversity Support Program. (http://www.worldwildlife. org/bsp/ publications/africa/ 146/Mozambique.pdf) Hita Garcia, F., Hawkes, P.G. and Alpert, G.D. (2014) Taxonomy of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region with a revision of the P. arnoldi clade and description of four new species. ZooKeys 447: 47-86. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.447.7766 IFC 2012. Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. From: http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/PerformanceStandards IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 May 2013. Koçak, A.Ö. and Kemal, M. 2009. Third Report on the Temporary Results of the Lepidopteran List of Africa Continent based on the info-system of the Cesa. Cesa Publications on African Lepidoptera 25: 1-2810. Leeming, J. 2003. Scorpions of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. Lowe, G., Kutcher, S.R. and Edwards, D. 2003. A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field. Euscorpius 8: 1-7.

http://purl.oclc.org/estimates

http://www.antmacroecology.org/ant_genera/index.html

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.447.7766



May, R.M. 1988. How many species are there on earth? Science 241:1441-1449. McKamey, S. H. 2000. Checklist of Leafhopper Species 1758–1955 (Hemiptera: Membracoidae: Cicadellidae and Myserslopiidae) with Synonymy and Distribution [Catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle 6, Abridged], USDA Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History. Available from: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/leafhoppers/PDF/checklist.pdf (downloaded 7 January 2012). Platnick, N. I. 2014. The world spider catalog, version 14.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html DOI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001. Accessed 16 May 2014. Prendini, L. 2013. Scorpion Systematics Research Group http://scorpion.amnh.org Raven, R.J. 1985. The Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and Systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Volume 182: 1-180. Rich, C. and Longcore, T. eds. 2005. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting. London, Island Press. SÁFIÁN, S., COLLINS, S.C., KORMOS, B. and SIKLOSI, A. 2009. Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of Mozambique. Downloaded from http://abdb-africa.org/ on 03 June 2013. Tarboton, W. 2013. Southern African Dragonflies and Damselflies. http://www.warwicktarboton.co.za/Dragonfly%20list.html Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M. 2002. A Fieldguide to the Dragonflies of South Africa. Published by the authors, 95pp. Tarboton, W. and Tarboton, M. 2005. A Fieldguide to the Damselflies of South Africa. Published by the authors, 95pp. Williams, M.C. 2007. Afrotropical Butterflies: a digital encyclopaedia: http://atbutterflies.com/ Wilson, E.O. 1999. The Diversity of Life, W.W. Norton and Co., London, 424pp. Woodhall, S. 2005. Field Guide to the Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 440pp. Personal Communications Mr Ian Engelbrecht, Principle Nature Conservation Scientist: Invertebrates, Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Johannesburg, South Africa. Mr Jens Kipping, BioCart, Germany. Dr Norman Platnick, Peter J. Solomon Family Curator, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York NY 10024 Dr Lorenzo Prendini, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA Dr Martin Villet, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.

http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog81-87/index.html%20%20Accessed%2016%20May%202014

http://scorpion.amnh.org/

http://www.warwicktarboton.co.za/Dragonfly%20list.html



Michael Stiller, National Collection of Insects, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.


Coastal & Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd Baobab Resources (Pty) Ltd 51

APPENDIX 1: LISTS OF INVERTEBRATE SPECIES Note that mygalomorph spiders and scorpions are omitted from this appendix as all species collected in these groups have been listed elsewhere in the text. Table A1.1: IUCN Red Listed terrestrial invertebrate species of Mozambique

# Scientific name Common name IUCN Red List classification

Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera)

1 Nepogomphoides stuhlmanni VU

2 Urothemis luciana St Lucia Basker DD

Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera)

3 Chlorolestes elegans Elegant Malachite VU

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperiodea)

4 Teriomima williami Dondo Buff DD

5 Lepidochrysops delicata Blue DD

Table A1.2: Dragonfly and damselfly species observed during March & September 2013 and April 2014 surveys in main habitat types on the Baobab Iron Ore Project site (1 indicates presence).

Species Habitat type

# Scientific name Common name

Closed Undifferentiated

Zambezian Woodland

Open Undifferentiated

Zambezian Woodland

Mopani Woodland

Riparian Zone

Haul Road 6

Dragonflies

1 Brachythemis leucosticta Banded Groundling 1

2 Crocothemis erythraea Broad Scarlet 1

3 Olpogastra fuellerborni Fuellerborn's Bottle-tail 1 1

4 Orthetrum abbotti Abbott's Skimmer 1 1 1 1

5 Orthetrum chrysostigma Epaulet Skimmer 1 1 1 1

6 Palpopleura lucia Lucia widow 1 1

7 Palpopleura portia Portia widow 1

8 Pantala flavescens Global Wanderer 1 1

9 Paragomphus cognatus Rock Hooktail 1



10 Paragomphus elpidius Corkscrew Hooktail 1

11 Paragomphus genei Green Hooktail 1

12 Phyllomacromia picta Darting Cruiser 1 1

13 Tholymis tillarga Twister 1

14 Trithemis aconita Monkshood Dropwing 1

15 Trithemis arteriosa Red-veined dropwing 1 1 1

16 Trithemis furva Navy Dropwing 1

17 Trithemis kirbyi Kirby's Dropwing 1 1 1

18 Trithemis pluvialis River Dropwing 1

19 Trithemis werneri Werner's Dropwing 1

Zygonyx torridus Ringed Crusader 1

20 Damselflies

21 Phaon iridipennis Glistening Damoiselle 1

22 Pseudagrion massaicum Masai Sprite 1

23 Pseudagrion salisburyense Salisbury Sprite 1

24 Pseudagrion sublacteum Cherry-eyed Sprite 1 1

Species count 16 4 3 10 6

Note: Grey shading in scientific name column indicates that the species was observed only in the wet season survey, while shading in the common name column indicates that the species was observed only in the dry season survey; species with no shading were observed during both surveys.



Table A1.3: Butterfly species observed during March & September 2013 and April 2014 surveys in main habitat types on the Baobab Iron Ore Project site (1 indicates presence).

Species Habitat type

#

Scientific name Common name Closed Undifferentiated

Zambezian Woodland

Open Undifferentiated

Zambezian Woodland

Mopani Woodland

Riparian Zone

Haul Road 6

1 Abantis ?venosa Veined Skipper 1

2 Acleros mackenii Macken's Dart 1

3 Acraea acara Acara Acraea 1

4 Acraea anemosa Broad-bordered Acraea 1

5 Acraea natalica Natal Acraea 1 1 1 1 1

6 Acraea neobule Wandering Donkey Acraea 1 1

7 Acraea oncaea Window Acraea 1 1

8 Alaena amazoula Yellow Zulu 1 1

9 Anthene amarah Black-striped Hairtial 1 1

10 Axiocerses amanga Bush Scarlet 1 1

11 Axiocerses tjoane tjoane Common Scarlet 1 1 1

12 Azanus jesous Topaz-spotted Blue 1

13 Belenois aurota Brown-veined White 1 1

14 Belenois creona severina African Common White 1 1

15 Bicyclus anynana Squinting Bush Brown 1

16 Bicyclus ena Grizzled Bush Brown 1 1 1 1

17 Byblia anvetara acheloia Common Joker 1 1 1

18 Cacyreus ? lingeus Bronzes 1

19 Cacyreus virilis Mocker Bronze 1

20 Catopsilia florella African Migrant 1 1 1

21 Charaxes achaemenes Bushveld Emperor 1 1 1

22 Charaxes bohemani Large Blue Emperor 1

23 Charaxes boueti Bamboo Charaxes 1

24 Charaxes guderiana guderiana Blue-spangled Emperor 1 1 1

25 Charaxes jahlusa argynnides Pearl-spotted Charaxes 1 1

26 Charaxes jasius saturnus Foxy Emperor 1 1 1

27 Charaxes phaeus Demon Emperor 1



28 Charaxes varanes Pearl Emperor 1

29 Chilades trochylus Grass Jewel Blue 1 1 1

30 Cigaritis natalensis Natal Bar 1

31 Coeliades forestan Striped Policeman 1

32 Colotis danae annae/wallengreni Scarlet Tip 1 1

33 Colotis euippe Smokey Orange Tip 1 1

34 Colotis evagore antigone Small Orange Tip 1 1 1 1

35 Colotis evenina Common Orange Tip 1 1 1

36 Colotis ione Bushveld Purple Tip 1 1

37 Colotis pallene Bushveld Orange Tip 1 1

38 Colotis regina Queen Purple Tip 1

39 Colotis sp1 - 1

40 Colotis sp2 - 1

41 Colotis vesta argillaceus Veined Orange 1

42 Cupidopsis jobates jobates Tailed Meadow Blue 1 1 1

43 Danaus chrysippus African Monarch 1 1 1

44 Deudorix antalus Brown Playboy 1

45 Euchrysops ? osiris Osiris Smoky Blue 1

46 Euchrysops malathana Common Smokey Blue 1 1 1 1 1

47 Eurema brigitta Broad-bordered Grass Yellow 1 1 1 1 1

48 Eurema desjardinsii Angled Grass Yellow 1 1

49 Eurema hecabe solifera Common Grass Yellow 1 1 1 1

50 Eurytela dryope angulata Golden Piper 1 1

51 Gorgyra johnstoni Johnston's Ranger 1 1 1

52 Graphium angolanus angolanus Angola White Lady 1

53 Hamanumida daedalus Guineafowl 1 1 1

54 Henotesia ? perspicua perspicua Eyed Bush Brown 1

55 Hypolimnas misippus Common Diadem 1 1

56 Hypolycaena caeculus Azure Hairstreak 1

57 Iolaus alienus alienus Brown-line Sapphire 1

58 Junonia artaxia African Pansy 1

59 Junonia hierta cebrene Yellow Pansy 1

60 Junonia natalica Brown Pansy 1 1 1

61 Junonia oenone Blue Pansy 1



62 Kedestes callicles Pale Ranger 1

63 Lampides boeticus Long-tailed Blue 1 1 1 1

64 Lepidochrysops vansoni Van Son’s Blue 1

65 Leptotes sp1 Blues 1 1 1 1

66 Leptotes sp2 Blues 1

67 Leptotes sp3 Blues 1 1

68 Leucochitonea levubu White-cloaked Skipper 1 1

69 Lycaeinidae sp A - 1

70 Melanitis leda africana Evening Brown 1 1

71 Neptis penningtoni Pennington's Sailer 1 1 1

72 Papilio demodocus Citrus Swallowtail 1 1

73 Pardopsis punctatissima Polka Dot 1 1 1 1

74 Parosmodes morantii Morant's Orange 1

75 Pelopidas thrax inconspicua White-banded Swift 1

76 Phalanta phalantha aethiopica Common Leopard 1 1 1

77 Pinacopteryx eriphia eriphia Zebra White 1 1

78 Precis antilope Darker Commodore 1 1

79 Sarangesa phidyle Small Elfin 1

80 Sarangesa ruona Ruona Elfin 1

81 Spialia colotes Bushveld Sandman 1

82 Spialia delagoae Delagoa Sandman 1

83 Spialia dromus Forest Sandman 1 1

84 Tagiades flesus Clouded Forester 1 1

85 Telchinia encedon White-barred Acraea 1

86 Telchinia serena Small Orange Acraea 1

87 Tuxentius calice White Pie 1 1 1

88 Ypthima ? antennata Clubbed Ringlet 1

89 Zizeeria knysna Sooty Blue 1 1

Species count 66 26 44 18 21

Note: Grey shading in scientific name column indicates that the species was observed only in the wet season survey, while shading in the common name column indicates that the species was observed only in the dry season survey; species with no shading were observed during both surveys.



The plates on the following pages contain photographs of all butterfly species recorded during the March & September 2013 and April 2014 surveys Baobab Iron Ore Project site surveys. The tables are arranged by subfamily; within each table the genera and species are arranged alphabetically. Where possible, if males and females differ significantly in appearance, images of both sexes are shown. Similarly where both wet and dry season forms were collected, both are shown. In all photographs a 5x5 mm scale grid is shown on the background card. Hesperiidae

Abantis ?venosa Acleros mackenii Coeliades forestan

Kedestes callicles Leucochitonea levubu Parosmodes morantii

Gorgyra johnstoni Pelopidas thrax inconspicua Sarangesa ruona

Sarangesa phidyle Spialia dromus Spialia delagoae

Spialia colotes Tagiades flesus



Lycaeinidae

Alaena amazoula Anthene amarah ♀ Axiocerses amanga ♂

Axiocerses amanga ♀ Axiocerses tjoane tjoane Azanus jesous

Cacyreus virilis Cacyreus sp. Chilades trochylus

Cigaritis natalensis Cupidopsis jobates jobates Deudorix antalus

Euchrysops malathana Hypolycaena caeculus Iolaus alienus alienus

Euchrysops ?osiris Lepidochrysops vansoni Leptotes sp1

Leptotes sp2 Leptotes sp3 Tuxentius calice

Zizeeria knysna Lycaeinidae spA



Nymphalidae - Charaxinae

Charaxes achaememes ♂ Charaxes achaememes ♀ Charaxes bohemani

Charaxes ?boueti Charaxes guderiana guderiana ♂ Charaxes guderiana guderiana ♀

Charaxes jasius saturnus Charaxes jahlusa argynnides ♂ Charaxes jahlusa argynnides ♀

Charaxes phaeus ♂ Charaxes varanes

Nymphalidae - Danaeinae

Danaus chrysippus



Nymphalidae - Heliconiinae

Acraea acara Acraea anemasa Acraea natalica ♂

Acraea natalica ♂ Acraea natalica ♀ Acraea natalica ♀

Acraea neobule Acraea oncaea Pardopsis punctatissima

Phalanta phalantha aethiopica Telchinia encedon Telchinia serena

Nymphalidae - Limenitinae

Neptis penningtoni



Nymphalidae - Nymphalinae

Byblia anvetara acheloia Eurytela dryope angulata Hamanumida daedalus

Hypolimnas misippus ♂ Hypolimnas misippus ♀ Junonia artaxia

Junonia hierta cebrene Junonia natalica Junonia oenone

Precis antilope

Nymphalidae - Satyrinae

Bicyclus anynana Bicyclus ena Henotesia ?perspicua perspicua

Melanitis leda africana Ypthima ?antennata

Papilionidae

Graphium angolanus angolanus Papilio demodocus



Pieridae

Belenois aurota ♂ Belenois aurota ♀ Belenois creona severina

Catopsilia florella ♂ Catsopsilia florella ♀ Colotis danae f. annae ♀ wsf

Colotis danae f. wallengreni (DSF) Colotis evagore antigone♂ Colotis evagore antigone ♀

Colotis euippe Colotis evenina ♂ Colotis evenina ♀

Colotis ione ♂ Colotis ione ♀ Colotis pallene

Colotis regina Colotis vesta argillaceus Colotis sp1

Colotis sp2 Eurema brigitta ♂ Eurema brigitta ♀

Eurema desjardinsii ♂ Eurema hecabe solifera Pinacopteryx eriphia eriphia



Table A1.4: Cicadellidae (leafhopper) morphotype incidence by site from samples collected during March 2013 survey on the Baobab Iron Ore Project site (1 indicates presence).

#

Morphospecies sort code

Site 1 - Ruoni North

Site 2 - Proposed Waste Rock Dump

Site 3 - Tenge Hill

Site 4 - Mopani Woodland

1 Cicadellidae_004 1

2 Cicadellidae_005 1 1



5 Cicadellidae_013 1 1 1





























34 Cicadellidae_097 1 1 1 35 Cicadellidae_098 1 1 1 1









































74 Cicadellidae_163 1 1 75 Cicadellidae_168 1 1 1 1






















TOTAL # morphospecies 40 34 43 32



Table A1.5: Formicidae (ant) morphotype incidence by site from samples collected during March 2013 survey on the Baobab Iron Ore Project site (1 indicates presence).

#

Morphospecies sort code Site 1 - Ruoni North

Site 2 - Proposed Waste Rock Dump

Site 3 - Tenge Hill

Site 4 - Mopani Woodland

1 Aenictus 01 1 1

2 Anillomyrma 01 1

3 Anochetus 01 1

4 Anochetus 02 1

5 Anochetus 03 1

6 Bothroponera 01 1 1 1

7 Bothroponera 02 1

8 Bothroponera 03 1

9 Calyptomyrmex 01 1

10 Camponotus 01 1 1


12 Camponotus 03 1

13 Camponotus 04 1 1 1


15 Camponotus 06 1

16 Camponotus 07 1

17 Camponotus 08 1 1 1 1

18 Camponotus 09 1

19 Camponotus 10 1


21 Camponotus 12 1

22 Camponotus 13 1

23 Camponotus 14

24 Camponotus 15

25 Camponotus 16 1

26 Camponotus 17 1

27 Camponotus 18 1

28 Camponotus 19 1

29 Camponotus 20 1

30 Camponotus 21 1

31 Camponotus 22 1





36 Camponotus 27 1


38 Camponotus 29 1

39 Camponotus mystaceus 1

40 Camponotus queen 01 1

41 Camponotus sericeus 1 1

42 Cardiocondyla emeryi 1

43 Carebara 01 1 1

44 Carebara 02 1

45 Carebara 03 1

46 Carebara 04 1 1

47 Carebara 05 1

48 Carebara 06 1



49 Carebara 07 1

50 Carebara 08 1

51 Cataulacus 01 1

52 Cataulacus 02 1

53 Cataulacus queen 01 1

54 Crematogaster 01 1 1

55 Crematogaster 02 1

56 Crematogaster 03 1

57 Dorylus 01 1

58 Dorylus 02 1

59 Formicine genus AFRC_01 sp. AFRC_mz01

1 1 1

60 Hypoponera 01 1 1

61 Hypoponera 02 1

62 Hypoponera 03 1

63 Lepisiota 01 1 1 1 1

64 Lepisiota 02 1 1 1

65 Leptogenys 01 1

66 Meranoplus magrettii 1 1

67 Monomorium 01 1 1 1 1

68 Monomorium 02 1 1 1

69 Monomorium 03 1 1

70 Monomorium 04 1






76 Monomorium 11 1





81 Monomorium 16 1

82 Monomorium 17 1

83 Monomorium queen 01 1

84 Monomorium queen 02 1

85 Myrmecaria 01 1 1 1

86 Myrmecaria 02 1 1 1

87 Myrmecine male 01 1

88 Mystrium AFRC_mz01 1

89 Nesomyrmex angularis 1

90 Nylanderia ? boltoni 1

91 Ocymyrmex 01 1 1

92 Odontomachus troglodytes 1 1 1 1

93 Pachychondyla 01 1 1 1

94 Pheidole 01 1 1 1

95 Pheidole 02 1 1 1 1

96 Pheidole 03 1 1 1 1

97 Pheidole 04 1 1

98 Pheidole 05 1 1 1 1

99 Pheidole 06 1

100 Pheidole 07 1 1 1

101 Pheidole 08 1 1 1

102 Pheidole 09 1 1 1



103 Pheidole 10 1 1 1

104 Pheidole 11 1 1

105 Pheidole 12 1 1

106 Pheidole queen 01 1 1

107 Plagiolepis 01 1 1

108 Plagiolepis 02 1 1

109 Plagiolepis 03 1

110 Plagiolepis 04 1

111 Platythyrea 01 1 1 1

112 Platythyrea 02 1 1 1

113 Polyrhachis 01 1 1 1

114 Ponerine male 1 1 1

115 Probolomyrmex 01 1 1

116 Pseudoponera 01 1 1 1

117 Pseudoponera 02 1

118 Strumigenys 01 1

119 Tapinolepis 01 1 1

120 Tapinoma 01 1 1

121 Tapinoma 02 1

122 Technomyrmex 01 1 1 1

123 Technomyrmex 02 1

124 Tetramorium 01 1

125 Tetramorium 02 1 1 1

126 Tetramorium 03 1 1 1 1


128 Tetramorium 05 1 1 1 1




132 Tetramorium 09 1 1








140 Tetramorium angulinode/chloe 1



143 Tetraponera 01 1

144 Tetraponera queen 01 1

145 Tetraponera queen 02 1 1

TOTAL # morphospecies 40 76 71 70



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Figure A1.1 Species accumulation curves for ant species collected at four sites within the Baobab Iron Ore project area; results are shown for individual (Hand Collected and Pitfall Trap) and combined sampling methods.



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Figure A1.2 Species accumulation curves for ant species collected at all four sites combined; results are shown for individual (Hand Collected and Pitfall Trap) and combined sampling methods.

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