myth as an entry point to strengthen the creed

7/28/2019 Myth as an Entry Point to Strengthen the Creed

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Myth as an Entry Point

to Strengthen The

Creed

(Literary Criticism)

By: Nur Asiyah, M.A


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BACKGROUND

Human being needsspiritualism because the will look for satisfaction athe hungry body that nefood to be eaten.


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BACKGROUNDMicheal Wolfe,

The religion I wanted should be to metaphysics as metaphysics is

to science. It would not be confined by a narrow rationalism or

traffic in mystery to please its priests. There would be no priests, nseparation between nature and things sacred. There would be no

war with the flesh, if I could help it.. Finally, I did want a ritual

component, daily routine to sharpen the senses and discipline my

mind. Above all, I wanted clarity and freedom. I did not want to

trade away reason simply to be saddled with a dogma.

The more I learned about Islam, the more it appeared

to conform to what I was after.

Wolfe, Michael. 1993 Haji Kesaksian seorang mualaf. Jakarta: Serambi. p.24


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BACKGROUND

Literary CriticismMyth Criticism

Students character building

The Creed is the basic need to

build the good character


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Problems Statement

1

How is myth described in Native American

song? And why is it significant in Native

American song?

2

What is the impact of myth toward NativeAmerican?


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High Literatur

Play

MYTH CRITICISM

Pop LiteratureAdventure

RomanceProse

Poetry

Fantasy

Science Fiction

Children Literature

Teen Lit

Chick Lit v.s Dick Lit


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American Studie

Theory

Literary Theory

Henry Nash Sm

Myth And symbol

Scholar

Carl Jung

The Archetype

of Myth

MYTH

Claude LeviStrauss The

structural study of

Myth


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Henry Nash Smith

Myth And symbol Schola

He believed that an analysis of

given work of art can explain the

nature of the society at that time

To Explain the Myth and symbol found in

the literary work


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Carl JungPrimordial Images, Collective unconsciou

(of the human race and are expressedmyths, religion, dreams, and priva

fantasies, as well as in the works

literaturThe exploration of myth finds new dimension

is filled with archetype: symbolic figure..

Jung attributes to myth a social functio

providing a guide for behavior (Segal 79)


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Levi Straus

There is no end to the number of meaninwhich can be read into a good myth(62-63)

the particular artistic structure of a particul

set of myths from their gener

of purely formal structure ((Douglas, 1967. The Structural Study of Myth and Totemism, E. R. Le

(ed). London:Tavistock


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Roland Barthes (used in Linguisti

Myth As type of speec

Myth is a system of communication that is messa

Myth As a semiological syste

Tri - dimensional pattern: the signifier, signified and the s

Myth As stolen languag

To transform a meaning into fo

Barthes, Roland . 1972.Mythologies. Hill and Wang: New York p. 109 -


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Chief Seattle Speech

My ancestors said to me, This we know: The earthdoes not belong to us. We belong to the earth.

All things are connected like the blood that unites

us. We did not weave the web of life, we are

merely a strand in it. Whatever we do to the web,

we do to ourselves.


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Each literary works teaches The value

E. g: Chief Seattle speech:My mother told me, Every part of this eart

sacred to our people. Every pine needle. Every san

shore. Every mist in the dark woods. Every mead

and humming insect. All are holy in the memory

our peopWe are part of the earth and it is part of

Flowers our sister, animals our brothe

earth our mot


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Native American Believes

Everything symbolizes something.

Indians believe that even a stone, a tree,

or a lake has a soul, a spirit

Erdoes & Ortiz, 1998. American Indian trickster Tales, USA Penguin Book


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Native American Myth

Myth: an anonymous story or stories having roots in th

primitive folk beliefs or races or nations and presenting

supernatural ( Holman, 1981, 242

Native American myth traditional narrative associated

with Native American religion from mythological

perspectiveNative American belief systems include many sacred

narratives.

Great Spirit

Traditional worship: gathering with dance,Rhytm, song.


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The Symbols are Divided into:1. Human Being

2. Animal

3. Nature

Often Indian songs contain allusion to Indian

customs and beliefs which are unfamiliar to

white (Velie, 74)


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Gibbens quoted

People could not pray until they had laughed, because

laughteropens and frees from rigid preconception. .

most sacred ceremonies for fear that they forget the

sacred comes through upset, reversal, surprise.

Myths and tales were educational tools that taught the

young tribal belief and values (Velie 7).
http://www.answers.com/topic/laughterhttp://www.answers.com/topic/ceremonyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/ceremonyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/laughter


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Native American Song

Yeha-Noha(Wishes of Happiness & Prosperity)


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Song :

A lyric poem adapted to musical

expression. Song lyrics are usually

short, simple, sensuous, emotional,Perhaps the most spontaneous lyric

form.

(Holman . A Handbook to literature, 1981:422)


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Song were usually created for

tribal occasions :

Such us : Initiation rites

Healing ceremonies

Planting or hunting ritual

Also used :

Tribal History

Standards of ethnical conduct

Religion beliefs


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Variety of song based on Holman :

- Dance song

- Love song

- War song

- Plays song

- Drinking song- Song for festival


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- Sacred spirit

- Native American Chant

- Traditional Navajo chant

Yeha-Noha(Wishes of Happiness & Prosper


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- Inviting and contact with ghost

- Eternal Fire

- Endless Rain

- Revealing


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- Rise from ancient tombs- A rise from the catacombs

- Land of the dead

- Deity of death & darkness


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- The sacred spirits

- That all live

- Who makes the day, sun, night,

- moon, storms, rain


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- Cast unto Flames

- Reveal the sun

- The dawn may break


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The singer of this song is

a Navajo manCalled Kee Chee Jake

Sadly he passed away

in Sept 1999

(www. Sacred spirit-native american.com


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Based on Indian culture :

- Healing song sung to cleanse and

heal Navajos- Navajos veterans of United

States Use to purify them selves.


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- At first to cleanse and heal warrior- Now : sung to a family or loved one

- To simply wish in getting happiness

and prosperity


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Values

- Pray for the better life, avoiding th

bad, evil- Keep strengthen togetherness

between Indian

- Yeha Noha is a traditional Navajo

chant- Means wishes of happiness an

prosperity among the family

and the people that they love


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Indonesian :

- Incantation

- Religious Song


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O Ye Of Eternal Fire

O Ye Of The Endless Rain

O Lord, Reveal Thyself To Me

O Ye Of Eternal FireReveal Thy Sun To Me

O, I Beckon Thee

Bring Upon The Dawn

Reveal Thyself To Me

They The Ancestors Said, That It Is

Through,The Sacred Spirits, That All Live!

He Who Makes The Day

Recreate The Sun

He Who Makes The Night

Recreate The MoonHe Who Makes The Storms

Supplicate Us With Rain

He Who Makes The Wind

Supplicate Us With Force

Yeha-Noha(Wishes of Happiness & Prosperity)


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Rise Up From The Ancient Tom

Grant Us All Your Infinite Wisdo

EndureAs You Arise From The Catacom

Lord Of Mictlan

Land Of The Dead

Deity Of Death And Darkness

That Which Lies Upon The Grav

I Cast Myself Unto Flames

Reveal Thy Sun To Me

In Order That The Dawn May BYeha-Noha

(Wishes of Happiness & Prosperity)

N t R


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Alhadid

Nature Responses


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Islamic view Point

maka aku katakan kepada mereka:

"Mohonlah ampun kepada Tuhanmu,sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Pengampun

"Saying, 'Ask forgiveness from your Lord;

for He is Oft-Forgiving;

Nature Responses toward Humans words


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Niscaya Dia akan mengirimkan hujan

kepadamu dengan lebat

'He will send rain to you in abundance;

THE POWER OF NATURENature Responses toward Humans words


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Islamic view Point

. .

.



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88. Dan mereka berkata: "Tuhan Yang Maha Pemurah mengambil (mempunyai) a

They say: "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a so

89. Sesungguhnya kamu telah mendatangkan sesuatu perkara yang sangat mungk

Indeed ye have put forth a thing most monstrous!90. hampir-hampir langit pecah karena ucapan itu, dan bumi belah, dan gunung-

gunung runtuh,

At it the skies are ready to burst, the earth to splitasunder, and the mountains to fall down

in utter ruin,91. karena mereka mendakwa Allah Yang Maha Pemurah mempunyai anak.

That they should invoke a son for (Allah) MostGracious



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Myth is part of Native American

to deal with the great Spirit.

Myth bring values toward the lif

and can strengthen togetherne

society.

Native American Closely related

the nature and everything has s

CONCLUSION


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Myth as an entry point tostrengthen the Creed of stude

through American Indian and

Islamic view point

Hope: Reading can improve

students understanding abo

beliefs .

CONCLUSION


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REFERENCES

Barthes, Roland . 1972. Mythologies. Hill and Wang: New York

Bohannan, Paul. and Glazer, Mark. High Points in Anthropology. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, In

1973. Print

Bressler, Charles. E. Literary Criticism an Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Pre

Hall. 1999. Print

Burland, Cottie. North American Indian Mythology. London: Paul Hamlyn.

Dillistone. 2002. The Power of Symbol. Kanisius: Yogyakarta

Douglas, 1967. The Structural Study of Myth and Totemism, E. R. Leach (ed). London:Tavistock

Erdoes & Ortiz, 1998.American Indian trickster Tales, USA Penguin BookHolman . 1981 .A Handbook to Literature,

Newton, K.M. 1990. Twentient Century Literary Theory. Macmillan: London

Spence, Lewis. Myth and Legend of the North American Indians.London: The Collectors Libra

Myth and Legend. 2004.

Velie, Alan R. 1991.American Indian Literature an Anthology, USA: University of Oklahoma Pr

Wolfe, Michael. 1993 Haji Kesaksian seorang mualaf. Jakarta: Serambi.


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REFERENCES

Bastian, Dawn E. and Mitchell, Judy K. Handbook Of Native American MythologySanta Barba

California. 1961. Print

Eliot, Alexander. The Universal Myth: Heroes, Gods, Tricksters, and Others. New York: Truman

Books. 1990. Print

Jung. Carl. G. Four Archetypes: Mother, Rebirth, Spirit and Trickster. London: Routledge and Ke

Paul. 1976. Print

Leitch. Barbara.A concise dictionary of Indian Tribes of North America. Michigan: Reference

Publication. Inc.1979. Print

Lynch, Patria An. Native American Mythology A to Z, NewYork: Facts On File, Inc. 2004. PrintPage, Jake. In the Hands of great spirit: The 20,000 year History of American Indian

York: Free Press. 2003. Print


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Thank You

myth as an entry point to strengthen the creed

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