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N A T I O N W I D E E S L U M U P G R A D I N G Moving to Scale – Moving to Scale – Nationwide Nationwide Slum Upgrading Slum Upgrading www.citiesalliance.org São Paulo, October 16, 2003 São Paulo, October 16, 2003

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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G. Moving to Scale – Nationwide Slum Upgrading. São Paulo, October 16, 2003. www.citiesalliance.org. N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G. Learning From Previous Successes & Failures. N A T - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G

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Moving to Scale – Nationwide Moving to Scale – Nationwide Slum UpgradingSlum Upgrading

www.citiesalliance.org

São Paulo, October 16, 2003São Paulo, October 16, 2003

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Learning From Previous Successes & Failures

50s + 60s50s + 60s

Urbanisation underway in LAC;Urbanisation underway in LAC; Demolitions and forced evictions common;Demolitions and forced evictions common; High rise, direct delivery for few.High rise, direct delivery for few.

70s70s

Emergence of alternative delivery mechanisms;Emergence of alternative delivery mechanisms; Some site and service;Some site and service; Land registration very limited.Land registration very limited.

80s80s

Emergence of citywide & nationwide programmes such Emergence of citywide & nationwide programmes such as KIP (Indonesia) & Sri Lanka (Million houses);as KIP (Indonesia) & Sri Lanka (Million houses);

Concerted upgrading in parts of Africa – Ghana, Concerted upgrading in parts of Africa – Ghana, Senegal, Tunisia and Morocco;Senegal, Tunisia and Morocco;

Increasing acceptance of in-situ upgrading.Increasing acceptance of in-situ upgrading.

90s90s

Move to national programmes in Jordan, Morocco, Move to national programmes in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia; Favela Barrio in Rio de Janeiro;Tunisia; Favela Barrio in Rio de Janeiro;

South Africa moves to scale;South Africa moves to scale; Major policy initiatives - City Summit & Habitat Agenda Major policy initiatives - City Summit & Habitat Agenda

(1996);(1996); UN global campaigns, Cities Alliance, Cities Without UN global campaigns, Cities Alliance, Cities Without

Slums Action Plan (1999).Slums Action Plan (1999).

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Current Challenges

Slums growing faster than response;Slums growing faster than response;

Urban poverty is deepening ;Urban poverty is deepening ;

Limited policy response in Asia & Africa;Limited policy response in Asia & Africa;

Some positive trends in MENA;Some positive trends in MENA;

Failure of the project approach;Failure of the project approach;

Central importance of land issues – Central importance of land issues –

transparency, tenure & urban periphery;transparency, tenure & urban periphery;

Limited access to credit.Limited access to credit.

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Current Challenges

2003: CA Survey of Nationwide Upgrading Programmes2003: CA Survey of Nationwide Upgrading Programmes

In 2003, Cities Alliance undertook a survey to identify In 2003, Cities Alliance undertook a survey to identify

successful contemporary nationwide upgrading successful contemporary nationwide upgrading

programmes. We studied nine countries:programmes. We studied nine countries:

BrazilBrazil

ChileChile

MMééxicoxico

MauritaniaMauritania

MoroccoMorocco

TunisiaTunisia

South AfricaSouth Africa

ThailandThailand

VietnamVietnam

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Latin America

Most urbanised continent (72% +);Most urbanised continent (72% +);

32% of urban poor live in slums (14% of global);32% of urban poor live in slums (14% of global);

Major focus on inclusion and upgrading.Major focus on inclusion and upgrading.

BrazilBrazil

Backlog Backlog

BudgetBudget

TargetTarget

6,6m6,6m

Not finalisedNot finalised

No national targetNo national target

Strengths & Strengths &

InnovationsInnovations

Political will.Political will.

Strong local govt. Strong local govt.

and civil society.and civil society.

Innovative Innovative

legislation.legislation.

Challenges Challenges

ObstaclesObstacles

Budgetary Budgetary

constraints.constraints.

Land availability.Land availability.

Ltd access to Ltd access to

credit.credit.

ChileChile

77,00077,000

US$ 67m p.a.US$ 67m p.a.

All by 2006All by 2006

Long-term experience.Long-term experience.

Multisectoral Chile Multisectoral Chile

Barrio.Barrio.

Savings/subsidy/ credit Savings/subsidy/ credit

link.link.

Poor location.Poor location.

Limited access to Limited access to

credit.credit.

Limited local govt. Limited local govt.

participation.participation.

MéxicoMéxico

UnknownUnknown

US$ 85m - 03/04US$ 85m - 03/04

170,000170,000

Focus on titling & Focus on titling &

ownership.ownership.

New urban upgrading New urban upgrading

programmes.programmes.

Subsidy over 3 years.Subsidy over 3 years.

No long-term planning.No long-term planning.

Limited access to Limited access to

credit.credit.

Weak capacity.Weak capacity.

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Africa

Least urbanised continent (35%) but fastest urbanising;Least urbanised continent (35%) but fastest urbanising;

72% of current urban population already in slums;72% of current urban population already in slums;

Weak policy frameworks & local government.Weak policy frameworks & local government.

MauritaniaMauritania

Backlog Backlog

BudgetBudget

TargetTarget

120,000120,000

US$ 193m/10 yearsUS$ 193m/10 years

All in 10 yearsAll in 10 years

Strengths & Strengths &

InnovationsInnovations

Clear policy & will.Clear policy & will.

Secure tenure for Secure tenure for

all.all.

Twize micro-creditTwize micro-credit

programme.programme.

Challenges Challenges

ObstaclesObstacles

Technical capacity.Technical capacity.

Inappropriate Inappropriate

standards.standards.

Inappropriate legal Inappropriate legal

framework for land.framework for land.

MoroccoMorocco

871,000871,000

US $ 2.0bn/10 yearsUS $ 2.0bn/10 years

770,000770,000

Long experience.Long experience.

Clear policy and Clear policy and

programmes.programmes.

Political support.Political support.

Shortage of serviced Shortage of serviced

land.land.

Weak local govt.Weak local govt.

Limited participation.Limited participation.

Limited access to credit.Limited access to credit.

TunisiaTunisia

24,00024,000

US$ 111m/5 yearsUS$ 111m/5 years

All by 2006All by 2006

Long experience.Long experience.

Backlog nearly Backlog nearly

removed.removed.

Access to credit.Access to credit.

Limited local govt. Limited local govt.

participation.participation.

Weak participation.Weak participation.

Shortage of secure Shortage of secure

land.land.

South AfricaSouth Africa

2.3 m2.3 m

US$ 589mUS$ 589m

No new targetNo new target

Political will.Political will.

Comprehensive Comprehensive

policy.policy.

Strong local govt.Strong local govt.

Weak private Weak private

Sector involvement.Sector involvement.

Limited access to Limited access to

credit.credit.

Poor location.Poor location.

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Asia

Most slum dwellers - 554m (60%);Most slum dwellers - 554m (60%);

Unprecedented urbanisation over next 30 years;Unprecedented urbanisation over next 30 years;

Progress in East Asia, slow in South Asia.Progress in East Asia, slow in South Asia.

ThailandThailand

Backlog Backlog

BudgetBudget

TargetTarget

1.6 m1.6 m

US$ 590 m/5 yearsUS$ 590 m/5 years

300,000 by 2007300,000 by 2007

Strengths & Strengths &

InnovationsInnovations

Locally-driven Locally-driven

programme.programme.

Secure tenure.Secure tenure.

Strong NGO Strong NGO

involvement.involvement.

Challenges Challenges

ObstaclesObstacles

Variable local govt. Variable local govt.

support.support.

Uncertain funding.Uncertain funding.

Shortage of land.Shortage of land.

VietnamVietnam

UnknownUnknown

No budgetNo budget

No targetNo target

Policy under development.Policy under development.

Some standards revision.Some standards revision.

Co-ordinated donor response.Co-ordinated donor response.

Constrained land markets.Constrained land markets.

Very limited participation.Very limited participation.

Very limited access to credit.Very limited access to credit.

Limited local govt. autonomy.Limited local govt. autonomy.

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Essential Ingredients of Nationwide Slum Upgrading

Policy Policy ReformReform

Leverage Leverage ResourcesResources

Clear policy & institutional frameworks;Clear policy & institutional frameworks; Ensure open & transparent land Ensure open & transparent land

markets;markets; Prevent the growth of new slums.Prevent the growth of new slums.

Mobilise non-public sector resources:Mobilise non-public sector resources: Engage private sector as risk-sharing Engage private sector as risk-sharing

partner;partner; Slum dweller involvement & investmentSlum dweller involvement & investment

Consistent political leadership;Consistent political leadership; Set long term city & national targets;Set long term city & national targets; Core business: on budgetCore business: on budget

PoliticalPolitical

WillWill

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Cities Alliance Slum Upgrading Portfolio

Completing Completing 20032003

MMééxicoxico

San SalvadorSan Salvador

Central AmericaCentral America

GujaratGujarat

CurrentCurrent

Brazil Slum Brazil Slum

Upgrading Strategy Upgrading Strategy

BahiaBahia

São PauloSão Paulo

ChileChile

MozambiqueMozambique

NairobiNairobi

India SanitationIndia Sanitation

CLIFFCLIFF

IranIran

MoroccoMorocco

CambodiaCambodia

VietnamVietnam

Bombay/Manila/DurbanBombay/Manila/Durban

PipelinePipeline

São PauloSão Paulo

ManausManaus

CaliCali

Dar es SalaamDar es Salaam

UgandaUganda

LagosLagos

Central/West AfricaCentral/West Africa

BombayBombay

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www.citiesalliance.org


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