n airn a cademy. desk top publishing the dtp example shown to the right is taken from the 2002...
TRANSCRIPT
Nairn
Academy
Department Department
of of
TechnologicTechnological al
EducationEducation
Gra
phic
G
raphic
C
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Com
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Desk Top Publishing
Department of Technological EducationDepartment of Technological Education
The DTP example shown to the right is taken from the 2002 Higher Graphic Communication Paper, Question 6 and will be used to describe the terminology required for the course.
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Department of Technological EducationDepartment of Technological Education
Page Layout
The layout of the page in this
example is Portrait Orientation.
Portrait Landscape
The height of the page is larger than the width of the page.
If the page is wider than its height the layout is known as
Landscape Orientation.
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Page Layout
The page shown includes a number of different parts to its layout.
The word ‘DECO’ at the top of
the page is called the HEADLINE (or Heading)
The word ‘ORIGINS’ under the
Heading is called the SUB-HEADING.
The text is arranged into 2 COLUMNS.
The page also includes a
GRAPHIC
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Page Layout
Arranged round the text and graphics there are also other important parts of the publication.
The area to the top of the publication above the header is called the
TOP MARGIN
The area below the text or graphics at the bottom of the page
is called the BOTTOM MARGIN.
The areas to the sides of the publication between the text or graphics and the edge of the page are called the
SIDE MARGINS.
The area between columns is
called the GUTTER
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Page Layout
Other techniques can be used to add style and interest to the publication.
Text which is white on a black or dark background is called a
REVERSE. In this case it is used only for part of the Heading.
The line separating the Heading from the rest of the document is called a
RULE. If this is placed between columns
it is called a COLUMN RULE.
The text indicating the contents
of the graphic is called a CAPTION.
The text at the bottom of the page indicating the page number is
called the FOLIO
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Page Layout
Other techniques can be used to show standard features which apply to all pages rather than being specific to one page only.
Some documents will have a HEADER which usually gives information about the contents of the document or the company who own the document.
Some documents will include a FOOTER which usually gives information about location of where document is saved, date, etc.
NOTE: Footers DO NOT give the page number – This would be called a FOLIO
Nairn Academy – Department of Technology
C://my documents/higher graph com/DTP notes/terminology PPP.ppp
Some documents will include a
BACKGROUND or WATERMARK. An example of this is a company badge which appears on every page of the document or the company’s name
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Page Layout
Other techniques can be used to add style and interest to the publication.
Some areas of the document may not have any content included. This area is called
WHITE SPACE
Other areas of the document may have a picture which does not fit into the column structure and reaches to the edge of the page.
This is called a BLEED.
Graphics used taken from ‘Design and Layout: Understanding and Using Graphics’ by David Dabner
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Page Layout
Page layout is important to try to draw attention to different parts of a document.
The layout of elements on a page, or on facing pages can be done in two ways.
If each of the pages has the same layout – either for text, graphics or both – and each page is a mirror image of each other - the layout is
said to be SYMMETRICAL If each of the pages has the
different layout and is not a mirror image of each other, the layout is
said to be ASYMMETRICAL
Graphics used taken from ‘Design and Layout: Understanding and Using Graphics’ by David Dabner
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Font and Lettering Styles
The looks of the publication can be affected by the types of font or lettering used.
Fonts can be grouped into 3 distinct styles
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SANS SERIF fonts
DECORATIVE fonts
Point Height
Desk Top Publishing
Department of Technological EducationDepartment of Technological Education
Font and Lettering Styles
The various parts of a font are shown below.
The parts which are important to know for this course are:-
point height serifs ascender and descender
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Font and Lettering Styles
When a font is chosen for a publication the point size is normally chosen.
However, the part of the font which makes the size of the font look larger or smaller tends to be the x- height.
A font with a small x-height will look smaller than a font with a large x-height, even if the point size is the same, as shown below.
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Font and Lettering Styles
Whichever font is chosen it’s looks can still be changed and altered.
The size of fonts are given in
POINTS and the point size can be altered
NAIRN NAIRNNAIRN
NAIRN
NAIRNNAIRN
NAIRN NAIRN
NAIRN NAIRN Fonts can also be changed in
look and can be:
NORMAL, BOLD or ITALIC
They can be COLOURED or
have COLOURED BACKGROUNDS
6 point 8 point 10 point 12 point
14 point 16 point
They can be UNDERLINED or be EMBOSSED
Or they can be
SUPERSCRIPT or SUBSCRIPT
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Text Layout
The layout of text in a column can be altered in four main ways.
Normally text is JUSTIFIED
to the LEFT
However it can also be justified in other ways
The following examples show text justified:-
RIGHT
CENTRE
FULLY
This is an example of text which has been justified to the left. This is an example of text which has been justified to the left. This is an example of text which has been justified to the left.
This is an example of text which has been justified to the right. This is an example of text which has been justified to the right. This is an example of
text which has been justified to the right.
This is an example of text which has been justified to the centre. This is an example of text which has been justified to the centre. This is an example of
text which has been justified to the centre.
This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text.
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Text Layout
There are other more specialised effects that can be used to highlight particular parts of the document.
A large ornate capital letter at the start of a paragraph is called a
DROP CAPITAL
By formatting the paragraph the text can be made to move round other graphics or to overlap a graphic.
This is called TEXT WRAP. There are various different types of text wrap. Two of them are given here as examples
Wrap tight round the edge of a picture.
Wrap to the edge of the picture frame
his is an example of a paragraph which starts with a drop cap letter. This is an example of a paragraph which starts with a drop cap letter. Thisis an example of a paragraph which starts with a
drop cap letter.
This shows text wrap round the edge of a
graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic.
This shows text wrap round the edge
of a graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic.
This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic.
This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic.
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Text Layout
There are effects that can be used to change the way the text appears in the paragraph.
The spacing between each line can be adjusted to tighten the text together or to space out the text.
This is called LEADING
The spacing of each letter, or individual letters, can be adjusted to make them closer or further apart. This is
called KERNING.
Leading is the amount of space between each line of text, and this can be varied from the default to a more positive leading which gives more space between lines, or to a negative leading which gives less space between the lines
Leading is the amount of space between each line
of text, and this can be varied from the default to a
more positive leading which gives more space
between lines, or to a negative leading which gives
less space between the lines
Leading is the amount of space between each line of text, and this can be varied from the default to a more positive leading which gives more space between lines, or to a negative leading which gives less space between the lines
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Design Considerations
When trying to design a publication for a client there are various thoughts and decisions to be made.
Some thoughts are listed below, but this is not an exhaustive list and many more could be added.
The Target Market should be considered. Is the publication for fun / serious
readers? Are the readers young / old ? Should the layout be modern /
traditional ? Etc.
The Production Limitations also have to be considered.
Type of paper available Type of printing / photocopying available Number of colours available at printing stage. Binding or stapling of pages.
The Function of the publication should also be considered.
Is it a news based document such as a newsletter ?
Is it a trade journal or business publication ?
Is it a comic ?
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Design Elements
Finally, how each of the design elements fits together will determine how the publication looks and how successful it is.
Proportion – There should be an equal balance between each of the elements of the publication - text blocks and graphics items and white space – and none should be overly dominant.
Unity – Unity describes where elements are placed on a page throughout a publication such as common page layouts, or headers / footers / folios / company logo etc. all placed in the same position throughout the publication, or a common colour or style being used throughout.
Balance - This refers to Symmetrical or Asymmetrical layout of the page(s). Symmetrical is easier to achieve, but may not look as interesting as Asymmetrical layouts.
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Dominance – A particular element on a page can be dominant because of its position, size, boldness, colour, etc. The dominant element of a publication should be the main important item which the writer wants the reader to notice. An example of a dominant element can be the Headline / heading or a dramatic picture on a page
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Design Elements (cont.)
Consistency - When designing a series of publications for the same client the use of the same layout, fonts, graphic items, colours, etc in each of the publications will give consistency
Rhythm - is achieved when there is repetition of elements, such as section heads, page numbers, etc that lead through the complete document. Careful positioning of the elements can be used to guide the readers eye through the document.
Flow – Flow describes how information progresses through the document, such as text wrapping round pictures, and the change from page to page. The reader should be able to follow where the article goes without having to hunt for the next part.
Contrast - makes the design interesting and eye-catching. The use of a bold font with a very thin font, or with light and dark areas on the page will give contrast in the publication.
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