dukenvironment Fa l l 2 0 0 5A n E nv i ro n m e n t fo r S o l u t i o n s

N I C H O L A S S C H O O L O F T H E E N V I R O N M E N T A N D E A R T H S C I E N C E S

The Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutionscelebrates its Inaugural Launch. see pages 6-9 >

Will Plants Move Fast Enough to Keep up

with CLIMATE CHANGE ? page 2

H o n o r R o l l I s s u e

AdministrationWilliam H. Schlesinger, Dean

Richard T. Barber, Chair, Division of Coastal Systems Science & Policy

Peter K. Haff, Chair, Division of Earth & Ocean Sciences

Kenneth H. Reckhow, Chair, Division of Environmental Sciences & Policy

Emily M. Klein, Senior Associate Dean

Tim Profeta, Senior Associate Dean and Director, Nicholas Institute

Susan Berndt, Associate Dean, External Affairs

Peggy Dean Glenn, Associate Dean, New Initiatives

James Haggard, Associate Dean, Finance and Administration

Scottee Cantrell, Assistant Dean, Marketing and Communications

Karen Kirchof, Assistant Dean, Career Services

Cynthia Peters, Assistant Dean, Enrollment Services

Molly Tamarkin, Assistant Dean, Information Technology

Michael K. Orbach, Director, Duke University Marine Laboratory

Board of VisitorsSimon B. Rich Jr., Edenton, NC (Chair)Marshall Field V, Old Mountain Co., Chicago, IL (Vice Chair)John H. Adams, Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, NYElsa Ayers, Greensboro, NC (Ex Officio)Ann M. Bartuska, USDA Forest Service,Washington, DCLawrence B. Benenson,The Benenson Capital Co., New York, NYBrent Blackwelder, Friends of the Earth,Washington, DCRobert Bonnie, Environmental Defense,Washington, DCAnn Douglas Cornell,Wallace Genetic Foundation,Washington, DCThomas F. Darden, Cherokee Investment Partners, LLC, Raleigh, NCMichael C. Farrar,Washington, DCKathryn S. Fuller, Ford Foundation,Washington, DC F. Daniel Gabel Jr., Hagedorn & Co., New York, NYJeffrey Lund Gendell,Tontine Partners, Greenwich, CTLynn Ellen Gorguze, Cameron Holdings Corp., La Jolla, CALyons Gray,Winston-Salem, NCPeter C. Griffith, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Baltimore, MD (Ex Officio)Gilbert M. Grosvenor, National Geographic Society,Washington, DCJohn S. Hahn, Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw,Washington, DCRichard G. Heintzelman, Janney Montgomery Scott, Allentown, PA

Todd C. Jorn, Longship Capital Management LLC, New York, NYBrian N. McDonald, International Paper Co., People’s Republic of ChinaJ. K. Nicholas, Chelsea Clock, Boston, MAPatrick F. Noonan,The Conservation Fund, Arlington,VAFrank W. Peterman,The Wilderness Society, Atlanta, GAJohn C. Reid, Cross Cultural Solutions, New Rochelle, NYStory Clark Resor, Conservation Consulting,Wilson,WYStephen E. Roady, Earthjustice,Washington, DC (Ex Officio)Truman T. Semans Jr., Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington,VABartow S. Shaw Jr., American Forest Management Inc., Sumter, SCRuth G. Shaw, Duke Power Co., Charlotte, NCArthur Lawrence Smith, John S. Herold Inc., Houston,TXFred J. Stanback Jr., Salisbury, NCJames Blake Sullivan, Sullivan Forestry Consultants Inc., Americus, GA

Marine Lab Advisory BoardElsa Ayers, Greensboro, NC (Co-Chair)Stephen E. Roady, Earthjustice,Washington, DC (Co-Chair)James H.P. Bailey Jr., Cape Lookout Marine Inc., Atlantic Beach, NCRichard H. Bierly, Morehead City, NCCharles F. Blanchard, Blanchard, Jenkins, Miller & Lewis PA, Raleigh, NC

dukenvironment Contents

Working to Slow the Frightful Pace of ExtinctionMarine Lab’s Karen and Scott Eckert Make it Their Personal Mission to Take Sea Turtle Conservation to the Local Level

Will Plants Move Fast Enough to Keep Up With ContemporaryClimate Change?Researchers James Clark and Gabriel Katul Look Into the Future

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The Nicholas InstituteMore Than 400 Gather for InauguralSummit.

6

6 The logschool newsNicholas Institute Environmental Summit Section

Schlesinger Reappointed Dean of the Nicholas School

Top Conservation Students Gather at Duke

Nicholas School Researchers Amass GIS Data to Aid

Analysis of Katrina’s Health, Environmental Effects

25 Action student newsBringing the Environment to Durham Elementary

Schools

27 Forumdean’s pageCommitting to a Trinity-Nicholas Partnership

28 Scopefaculty and staff notes

32 Sightingsalumni profileMeredith Wingate is All About Energy; 1998 Alum

Helps Facilitate Markets for Renewables

alumni newsCareer Matters: Asking for a Raise

DEL Class Schedule

Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 Named Tar Heel of the Week

Heather Jacobs MEM’00 Paddles the Tar River

Charlotte Clark Receives Charles A. Duke Award

Jeanine Holland to Manage the Nicholas School’s

Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs

class notesobituaries

40 Nature and Nurturegiving newsEnergizing Environmental Education

LaDane Williamson’s Gift to the Nicholas School

New Endowments Established

Duke Energy Pledges $2.5 Million

Annual Fund Honor Roll

48 Updateannual report

49 Monitorupcoming events

Lawrence E. Blanchard III, Dermatology Associates of Virginia, Richmond,VADavid S. Brody, Kinston, NCF. Nelson Blount Crisp, Blount & Crisp, Greenville, NCHugh Cullman, Beaufort, NCSylvia A. Earle, Deep Ocean Exploration & Research, Oakland, CARobert W. Estill, Raleigh, NCJohn T. Garbutt Jr., Durham, NCCecil Goodnight,Wake Forest, NCC. Howard Hardesty Jr.,Vero Beach, FLRobert G. Hardy, Galway Group L.P., Houston,TXMary Price Taylor Harrison, Greensboro, NCSusan W. Hudson,Wilson, NCSandra Taylor Kaupe, Palm Beach, FLWilliam A. Lane Jr.,The Dunspaugh-Dalton Foundation Inc., Coral Gables, FLHenry O. Lineberger Jr., Raleigh, NCH.J. MacDonald Jr., New Bern, NCEdgar Maeyens Jr., Coos Bay, ORMark Douglas Masselink, Moore Capital Management, New York, NYAnne Hall McMahon, Durham, NCJ.Alexander McMahon, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NCJ.Thomas McMurray, Marine Ventures Foundation, Belvedere, CA

Nancy Ragland Perkins, Alexandra,VARandolph K. Repass,West Marine,Watsonville, CAPaul Risher, Risher Investments, Stamford, CT Sally-Christine Rodgers,Watsonville, CAKatherine Goodman Stern, Greensboro, NCElizabeth Thrower,Vero Beach, FL, and Nantucket, MAStephen A.Wainwright, Duke University, Durham, NCWayne F.Wilbanks,Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management,

Norfolk,VA

Alumni CouncilAmy Michelle Schick-Kenney T’96 MEM’98, Consultant, Arlington,VACristina Fiori Argeles T’95 MEM’00, Horst Inc., Kutztown, PAE. Fielding Arnold T’01, Reach the World, New York, NYKristen M. Cappel MEM’04, EPA,Washington, DCT. Spencer Crowley III T’96, Gunster Yoakley & Stewart PA, Miami, FLJohn Marc Deyfors MEM’90, Forests of the World, LLC, Durham, NCCharles F. Finley Jr. MF’67,Verbatim Editing, Richmond,VAPeter C. Griffith T’78, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Baltimore,

MD (Past President)Chung-Hong Fu MEM’93,Timberland Investment Resources LLC, Atlanta, GA

Robert S. Jacobs T’84, Encore Acquisition Co., Ft.Worth,TXLeslie Jamka MEM’99, Hazardous Substances Research Center,

Baltimore, MDToni Kerns MEM’03, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission,

Washington, DCEmily R. Lindow MEM’00 US Department of Commerce,Washington, DCMichael B. Mascia PhD’00, US Environmental Protection Agency,

Washington,DCThomas Medary T’84, Mani Operating Co., Corpus Christi,TXTancred Buddie Miller MEM’99, NC-DENR Division of Coastal Management,

Morehead City, NCCharles E. Murphy Jr. MF’63 PhD’70, Aiken, SCRichard Pandullo MEM’81, Clayton Group Services, Cary, NCBrian R. Payne MF’62, Fairfax,VAMichael Pentony MEM’96, NOAA Fisheries, Gloucester, MAKris Pickler MEM’99, Buist Moore Smythe & McGee PA, Charleston, SCRobert Piotrowski G’74, F’76, Marathon Oil, Houston,TXGeorgia M. Schweitzer T’01, Duke University, Durham, NCHeather Stevenson MEM’83, McGuire Woods LLP, Richmond,VAMonica Ulewicz MEM’92,The National Academies,The Plains,VARobert Young PhD’95,Western Carolina University,Webster, NC

Need to get in touch with dukenvironment ?

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Editorial CommentsE-mail Scottee Cantrell at dukenvironment@nicholas.duke.edu

© Copyright 2005 The Nicholas School of The Environment andEarth Sciences at Duke University

dukenvironmentdukenvironment is published twice a year by the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences.

EditorScottee Cantrell

Art DirectorAmy Chapman Braun

Contributing writersMonte Basgall, Lisa M. Dellwo, Laura Ertel,Tim Lucas, Jean Lynch,Donna Picard

PhotographyChris Hildreth, Les Todd, Jim Wallace, Duke Photography;Scott Taylor, Beaufort; Drew Stuyvenberg MEM’05; Scott Eckert;Phil Schermeister, California; and Derrick Hood, Kansas

Student AssistantsJean Lynch MEM’06 and Katherine Jennrich MEM’07

Thanks to the Nicholas School Office of External Affairs for its assistance.

with new nicholas school wallpaper. See page 23.

decorate your desktop

by Monte Basgall

As the climate began warming and glaciersfrom Earth’s last ice age began melting, evidence suggests that North American temperate zone plants huddling in the relative warmth further south began anorthward migration to gain ground lostduring the big chill. With plants now poised to begin another mass movement in response to human-induced globalwarming, will the past repeat itself?

Nicholas School researchers James Clarkand Gabriel Katul, who have both studiedin different ways how seeds and pollenspread to new territory, were asked to dowhat trained scientists hate: speculate. Willplants be able to move fast enough to keepup with the contemporary climate changesthat already appear to be causing Alaskanpermafrost to melt? And how will trees andother plant life adapt to other alterationssuggested by the latest computer predictions,including intensification of extreme events

such as longer droughts, heavier rainfalland amplification of both minimum andmaximum air temperature.

Clark, the H.L. Blomquist Professor ofBiology, is an ecologist at both the NicholasSchool and the biology department whostudies how global change affects forests andgrasslands. Looking back in time, he hasenlisted genetic information as well asancient sediments to make some surprisingdeductions about plant responses to ancientclimates. He and his research group also useseed traps and mathematical modeling tometiculously trace how contemporary seedsare spread about by the wind.

Assessments that he and associates have made of post-Ice Age plant responsesare “incredibly important, because they are our only previous experience with rapid global warming,” he says. “At the end of the Ice Age things warmed up pretty quick.” Then growing cautious, he adds: “But it’s not as rapid as we’re seeing today. The danger is to try and take

our understanding of that experience anddrop it down in 2050.”

Katul, a Nicholas School professor ofhydrology and micrometeorology mechanics,studies seed and pollen propagation as anextension of his physics and mathematicsoriented interest in mass, momentum, andenergy exchange between the land surfaceand the atmosphere.

He doesn’t claim Clark’s biologicalexpertise to predict how plants might reactto changing climatic conditions. But, bycollecting wind-borne seeds on a tower nearthe Duke campus in collaboration with lifescientists, Katul has helped develop someunique mathematical models that seem toemulate actual observations of how high and how far seeds can be boosted by windsat various heights in forest canopies and, by extension, how fast and distant theycould spread.

He and collaborators envision a futurein which the movement of seeds and other biological material could be reliably

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by Tim Lucas

W I L L P L A N T S M O V E FA S T E N O U G H T O

KEEP UP WITH CONTEMPORARY

C L I M AT E C H A N G E ?

Researchers James Clark andGabriel Katul Take DifferentApproaches to Speculate on the Future

C O V E R S T O R Y feature

C O V E R S T O R Y

computer-simulated from very short timeand distance scales to very long ones overmany years. “The question is can we reallyunfold all this complexity in a computer?”he asks. “With time, I think the answer will be yes.”

Climates have warmed and cooled manytimes in the past. But the difference now is the presence of elevated amounts ofatmospheric carbon dioxide caused byhuman activities. Colorless, odorless CO2

is emitted every time one of the large varieties of carbon-containing fuels—frompaper trash to gasoline to natural gas tocoal—is burned. The gas also is releasedwhen land-clearing activities turn growingvegetation into rotting biomass.

Scientists suspect that by 2050, atmos-pheric carbon dioxide levels will be doublewhat they were before the industrial age.Because these growing volumes of CO2

serve to trap extra heat, computer modelssuggest the climate will appreciably warm bya process known as the greenhouse effect.

Are those computerized climate modelsaccurate reflections of reality? Ask GabrieleHegerl, a Nicholas School associate researchprofessor who analyzes climate trends. “I look at the climate model simulationsover the 20th century and see if thosereproduce what we observe,” she says. “Theydo work very well for temperature. There isa strong greenhouse gas signal. It’s definitelyreflected in the surface temperature data.

“Most places you would expect an increasein heavy rainfall,” she adds. “When you havehigher temperatures there is more watervapor in the atmosphere. On the otherhand, you may also get an increase indrought. A higher temperature makes fordryer soils when there is a similar amountof rainfall.”

The last global warming period, whichClark and collaborators have studied withthe aid of fossil and DNA data, began about 10,000 years ago when the massiveNorth American glaciers extending as farsouth as present-day Pennsylvania and

Ohio began melting because of other-than-human causes.

Evidence from fossilized plant pollens,which scientists call paleo data, suggests that“tree populations migrated very rapidlywhen the climate changed at the end of thelast ice age,” Clark says. One estimated ratewas 200 meters a year. “But when we startedworking with data from real trees—how fastthey grow, how many seeds they produce,how far those seeds are dispersed—we justcouldn’t come up with rates as fast as inter-preted from the paleo record,” he recalled.

So Clark and colleagues began lookingat DNA evidence, not prehistoric but rathermodern DNA extracted from trees now living throughout the regions that wouldhave been crossed by any such ancientmigration. “Based on that, we started tothink: ‘What if the trees didn’t have to comefrom that far south?’ ” he recalls. “‘What ifthey were already a lot further north thanthe fossil record could tell us?’ So we cameup with a hypothesis for what we would

James Clark (upper right) and Gabriel Katul (upper left) at the Duke FACE site have both studied how seeds and pollen spread to new territory. photos by Jim Wallace

expect to find in the DNA if the trees werealready further north,” he continues.“And that’s what we’ve found so far inevery species we’ve looked at.”

A research paper Clark coauthored forthe September 2005 issue of the journalEcology used leaf DNA to suggest that redmaples and American beech could havelived in small numbers much closer to theice sheets than fossil evidence wouldreveal. The first author of the Ecology paperwas Jason McLachlan, a postgraduateresearch associate of Clark’s who hasexpertise in molecular analysis. The thirdauthor was Paul Manos, a Duke associateprofessor of biology who is an expert inmolecular systematics. Additional studiesfind similar evidence for a number ofother species, Clark says.

By analyzing how inherited geneticsequences now vary from tree to tree, heand his colleagues found they could mapprehistoric movements of those sequencesfrom small founding colonies perhaps asnear to the ice sheets as what is nowKentucky and Tennessee. At those closerdistances, the scientists estimated thattrees could have migrated from south tonorth at less than 100 meters a year.

That rate is consistent with mathematicalmodels Clark has created based on studyingthe dispersal of seeds and pollen by livingtrees. But the Ecology paper also notes that,if true, such “past migration rates weresubstantially lower than the rates that willbe needed to track 21st century warming.”

Clark spends much of his time in thewoods, some at research sites as close asthe Nicholas School-administered DukeForest and some further west at an experimental forest in North Carolina’smountains. “For about 14 years we’vebeen looking at seed dispersal to hundredsof seed traps in different locations wherewe’ve mapped all the trees,” he says. “We know where the parents are, and we look at where seeds fall. That gives

us a very good estimate of how much seed is being produced by trees of differ-ent sizes and different ages, and how far they move.

“We can only say with a certain proba-bility that this seed came from this tree,”he notes. However, “if you are collectinghundreds of thousands of seeds, thenthose probabilistic statements become verypowerful.” But he is quick to caution that“long-distance dispersal is something thatnobody can measure. It’s not somethingthat you can see happen.” The movementof a seed over extreme distances, asopposed to the distance between tree and acollection basket, “depends on extremeevents like hurricanes and tornadoes,events we can’t predict,” he says.

Other equally unpredictable factorsinclude a bird gobbling up a seed and flying away with it before depositing it onthe ground in bodily wastes. “A lot ofspecies produce fruits essentially for thatpurpose as best we can tell. That wouldgive it a boost in distance,” he says. “Seedsalso get stuck on animals, humans andvehicles. That’s another way for seeds toget around rapidly.”

But past patterns “really don’t answerthe question of how far seeds will move inthe future,” he says. “Will species be ableto migrate to areas where they don’t nowexist, but where they would have to be ableto move because the future climate wouldrequire it? Do plants living further northlive there because they can tolerate colderwinters, or shorter summers, or a shortergrowing season? Or is it something verydifferent, like the kinds of soils there? Itcan be very difficult to say why species livewhere they do.”

In contemporary North Carolina, henotes that certain tree types like pines willcolonize rapidly in abandoned disturbedareas such as old farm fields. But pinestend to be followed by species such asbeeches that prefer living in the shade of

the trees that grew up earlier. This shadepreference introduces a lag factor: pineshave to form a canopy before beeches willgrow underneath them.

“In Duke Forest, you'll only see smallbeech trees in the understory of the established forest that grew up after farmlands were abandoned,” he says. “It’s been almost a century and the beeches are not reproductively active yet.Yet we’re looking at doubling CO2 in aperiod of decades. Species like beechcould really be in trouble.”

Furthermore, “if it gets more arid, assome climate models forecast, I don’t havea real prediction for what these forests willlook like,” he says. “And it’s not just aquestion of whether specific plant species willmove fast enough to keep up with climatechange. It’s about how various species willinteract as well. You also have diseases andpathogens and pollinators. How wouldpollinators be affected by warmer conditions, for example? Insects are verysensitive to weather and the climate.”

Katul assesses the seed migration question with a focus on the mathematicsof biological transport phenomena. Heuses all that is known about computer-assessable principles of physics to try predicting how far winds could be expected to dislodge and transport seedsof different weights through and beyond aforest’s complex canopy of leaves.

“As you try to model seed dispersal youencounter an age-old problem, which isthe issue of turbulence,” he says.“Turbulence is perhaps the last frontier ofclassical mechanics. How do you come upwith mathematical models that capture theessential features? I’m trying to model aphenomenon that occurs in fractions of asecond, like a gust. But I want to know theimplications of that gust on a time scale of50 years.

“This is one of the reasons why propa-gation distances of seeds and pollens often

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C O V E R S T O R Y feature

employed average wind speed data with littleregard to the role of turbulent eddies in theseed and pollen uplifting processes andsubsequent long-distance transport,” he says.

A centerpiece of his approach was apaper in the July 2002 issue of the journal Nature, entitled “Mechanisms of Long-Distance Dispersal of Seeds byWind,” in which Katul joined forces with Israeli biologist Ran Nathan, fourmembers of Princeton’s department ofecology and evolutionary biology, NicholasSchool ecology professor Ram Oren andDuke climate modeler and professor RoniAvissar, W.H. Gardner Professor andchair of the civil and environmental engineering department at the PrattSchool of Engineering.

That paper, first-authored by Nathan,noted that “long-distance (seed) dispersalis central to species expansion followingclimate change,” but added that “the current paradigm is that the frequencyand spatial extent of long-distance dispersal events are extremely difficult topredict.” Actually, suggested the authors,applying their mechanistic modelingmethod to real experimental informationcan “provide accurate probabilisticdescriptions of long-distance dispersal ofseeds by wind.”

That paper “tried to establish a frame-work that demonstrates that seed dispersalis not voodoo magic,” Katul says. “If youknow the statistics of the wind, if you know something about seed dislodgingmechanisms and tree canopy morphologyyou can make some intelligent guessesabout how far the seeds will go.”

The laboratory for this and similarwork is a 150-foot tower in Duke Forestthat Katul uses to study the interaction of atmospheric processes with the environment. He and his collaboratorsfestooned all altitudes of the tower with 102 hanging laundry baskets thatserved as traps for windblown seeds.

“We concluded that by setting up seedtraps on the tower, we would be able tobetter resolve the properties of seed dispersal than with traps located on theground, which is what is typically done,”he says.

The tower also was rigged with windspeed measuring anemometers, andanother anemometer was attached to amobile van with a telescoping arm thatcould travel to other parts of the studyarea. Those aided Princeton’s Horn, who had developed a device to selectivelyrelease tagged seeds whenever wind speedswere high. “The idea was that if we reallywanted to see how far seeds can go understrong winds, we’d like to drop seeds inthose winds,” Katul recalls.

A technician collected and processedalmost 5,000 seeds overall from five different species—loblolly pine, poplar,sweetgum, American hornbeam and whiteash—collected during the autumn of theyear 2000. By having a good idea of wherethe seeds were released, and knowingwhere they were trapped on the tower, theresearchers found that the degree of windturbulence in tree canopies plays a keyrole in seed dispersal.

Seeds caught in the calmer regionslower in a canopy tended to travel shorterdistances. Conversely, long-distance travelers tend to get caught in strongerturbulences “that rapidly increase with increasing height,” the Naturepaper said.

Adding biology to the physics, thepaper also noted that while lighter seedstend to be the furthest uplifted and dispersed, those also may be “less likely to germinate and survive seedling competition, making long-distance colonization more difficult.”

In an another study published in June2005 in the Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences, Nathan and Katul draw from thesame tower experiments to suggest that

seeds within tree canopies get the bestwind boosts when there are fewer leaves.

“This may account for the tendency of many temperate tree species to restrictseed release to either early spring on latefall,” they wrote.

In a March 2005 paper in the researchjournal Diversity and Distributions, Nathan,Katul, Avissar, Horn and others proposedthat biophysically based computer modelscould be made reliable enough to track themovement of seeds and other biologicalobjects just like a camera traced the quirkypirouettes of an airborne feather at thebeginning of the movie Forrest Gump.

Such models “can effectively incorporatekey elements of aerial transport processesat scales ranging from a few centimetersand fractions of seconds, to hundreds of kilometers and decades,” the authorswrote.

Monte Basgall is a senior writer with Duke’s Officeof News and Communications and specializes inscience coverage.

web sites to note

James Clark biowww.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/clark.html

Clark lab sitewww.biology.duke.edu/clarklab/

Gabriel Katul biowww.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/katul.html

Gabriele Hegerl biowww.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/hegerl.html

w w w.

More than 400 scientists, policymakers and corporate and environmental leaders gathered at Duke University for the inaugural summit of the Nicholas Institute for EnvironmentalPolicy Solutions, Sept. 20-22.

“The most important word in the institute’s name is‘Solutions,’” Tim Profeta, director of the institute, told participants and guests at the summit’s Wednesday evening gala at Cameron Indoor Stadium.

“The environmental challenges facing society are great, but so,too, are the opportunities for solving them,” Profeta emphasized.

Designed to have a global reach, the Nicholas Institute unitesthe broad resources of the Nicholas School and the DukeUniversity community with the expertise of partners in industry,government and environmental organizations. Its mission is toprovide decision makers with independent, science-driven policyanalysis and to break down the political barriers to environmental

progress by fostering open, ongoing dialogue between stakeholderson all sides of the issues.

One of the summit’s highlights was the presentation of resultsfrom a new national poll, commissioned by the institute, thatexamined how voters’ environmental views affect—or don’t affect—their voting decisions.

Among other things, the poll found that although 79 percentof all voters support “stronger national standards to protect ourland, water and air,” only 22 percent said environmental concernsplayed a major role in their recent voting.

Panelists at the summit joined with pollsters to discuss reasonsfor this discrepancy and how the survey’s findings can serve as aroad map for the institute in its efforts to build consensus on environmental issues. (See related story, page 8.)

The need for consensus, collaboration and action on environmental issues was a recurring theme among summit speakers.

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Summit Speakers Focus on Need for Consensus, Collaboration and Action

the logS P E C I A L F E A T U R E

During the Environmental Summit, Tim Profeta, Nicholas Institute director,William Reilly, senior advisor, and Peter Nicholas, whose gift inspired thecreation of the institute, talked about how it was formed, why we need theinstitute and what it will do next. Their comments are below:

Q: I understand the original idea for institute was yours, I was curious about your inspiration.

Peter Nicholas: You really have to draw on a long history here tofully understand it and to appreciate that a lot of people here at Duke thoughtvery hard about this, and when we got to the point that we had some goodunderstanding and agreement, it became very clear that the way to do it was tocreate the institute. … It was not just waking up one night and saying, ‘Let’shave an institute.’

We all kind of gelled around the idea of creating something outside of theNicholas School, yet a part of it. Something that drew on the strengths of theNicholas School, and yet expressed those resources in a way that maybe mighthave been counterintuitive to the traditional academic process of creating andtransmitting knowledge. …

I think we discovered that we were beginning to talk about an organization thatwas going to bring science into the real world for the purposes of affectingchange, for using that knowledge. … It was going to be more about outreach,it was going to be more about advocacy; but not advocacy in terms of going outand railing on something, more in terms of advocating the use of sciencemore thoughtfully and the creation of alternative ways of thinking about solving problems. And it took several iterations over a several year period oftime, to figure out exactly how to do that.

on Environmental Issues

Top row: Author Jared Diamond; Tim Profeta and William Reilly; Duke Provost Peter Lange; and Duke President Richard Brodhead Bottom Row: Brodhead; Environmental Survey Results Panel; Profeta

q&a

Q: Based on your personal experience, why do you think we need the Nicholas Institute?

William Reilly: Environmental policy, I think, has been stalematedfor a number of years in the United States. … The approach to environmentalpolicy has involved polarized forces that are really talking over each other. To adegree that has not really been true before. For the last five, I suppose eight years,there has been a gridlock on national policies affecting the environment.

I think what the Nicholas Institute offers is the chance to take the marvelousresources in all the disciplines and competences that a great research university,and direct them at specific problems, at policies, that go beyond merely doingresearch, as important as it is to do research.

Q: What direction will the institute take in the short run?

Tim Profeta: In the short-term, we want to inject the knowledge andcapabilities of Duke University into the ongoing environmental policydebates. We are on the cusp of significant debates in areas such as oceans policy, climate policy, and issues of national security and oil. We would like to bring Duke into those debates by working with decisionmakers from government, corporations, and the media to better understand the challenges,the trade-offs, and the possible solutions.

Q: And in the long run?

Tim Profeta: At the same time that we are working on today’s preexistingdebates, we want to take a longer view of the problems and analyze how we can

In the summit’s opening keynote address Tuesday evening,Richard Osborne, group vice president for public and regulatorypolicy at Duke Energy, told a capacity crowd in Love Auditoriumthat “addressing climate change is a business imperative.”

Industry “must engage” with scientists and policymakers towork toward a “coordinated federal approach for reducing green-house gas emissions from all sectors of the economy,” he said, noting that in the absence of federal action, seven states have nowdeveloped their own climate change policies.

“This patchwork approach will create state-by-state chaos,”Osborne warned, “and it will have economic consequences.”

Industry-university initiatives such as the new Climate ChangePolicy Partnership, a collaboration between Duke Energy and threeDuke University environmental units—the Nicholas Institute, theNicholas School and the Center on Global Change—can help fillthe policy void and guide federal policymakers toward practical,effective solutions, he said. (See related story, page 45.)

Wednesday’s keynote speakers at Geneen Auditorium in theFuqua School of Business echoed Osborne’s call to action.

Russell Train, chairman emeritus of the World Wildlife Fundand former administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, said, “It will be vital to engage as many constituencies as possible in anopen, collaborative process of developing policy” if we hope toaddress the environmental challenges facing America today.

He chided the current White House for its failure to promotean open dialogue on global climate change and other key issues.“Cooperative private action,” Train stressed, “is not a replacementfor firm government leadership.”

Jared Diamond, professor of geography at UCLA and thePulitzer Prize-winning author of Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate ofHuman Societies, said that finding solutions to the problems facingsociety today “will require detailed scientific information.” The Nicholas Institute can help address this need by providingunbiased, timely analysis on key environmental issues, not only at the federal level but for individual states as well, he said.

Throughout the day Wednesday, scientists, policy analysts andcorporate leaders took part in sessions in which they identified andprioritized key ecological and economic challenges facing society insix critical areas: energy, global climate change, environmentalhealth, water quality, the health of oceans, and the health of forestsand wildlife habitats.

photos by Duke University Photography

Top row: Gala photos and Peter Nicholas Bottom row: Duke Energy’s Richard Osborne; Publications Table; World Wildlife Fund’s Russell Train with Nicholas; J.K., Peter and Ginny Nicholas

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You can still participate in the Nicholas Institute’s Environmental Summit

It’s not too late.You can still hear the keynote speakers and sit in on thepanels of the Institute’s inaugural Environmental Summit. Just putwww.nicholas.duke.edu/summitcast into your Web browser and click

on the videos you want to view.

The afternoon’s presentations concluded with a plenary panel,“The Corporate Role in Environmental Stewardship.” James E.Rogers, president and chief executive officer of Cinergy, andLinda J. Fisher, vice president and chief sustainability officer atDuPont, discussed changing attitudes toward stewardship in thecorporate world and what their companies are doing to reducetheir environmental footprints.

—Tim Lucas, Nicholas School

fundamentally remake those debates. There are many issues facing the worldright now where we are not on a sustainable path, and where we may soonbump up against the limitations of our resources, be they water or energy or habitat. We must find a way to reframe these questions in a way thatmake our decisionmakers understand the inevitability of our need to addressthem, and that shows that there are ways forward that can fit within the evolution of our economy and society.

Q: Will you talk about the importance of the advisory board and what role it will play in the institute?

William Reilly: The advisory board will help bring the key stake-holders and the constituencies into the conversation . ... We really want tomake sure that the most innovative and energetic and resourceful privateenterprises see merit in what the institute is doing.

Q: What is your reaction to the Institute’s Environmental Summit?

Peter Nicholas: From the minute I got on campus I had a palpablesense that this was going to be great, but you don’t know. But having beenthrough the morning session, and now the first two keynotes, and seeing thecrowd, the audience, who they are, and what their views of this, people nabbing me, giving me their cards. It has been wonderful, it really has beenwonderful. … Everyone gets what this is all about. They aren’t coming herescratching their heads, wondering what this is all about.

q&a

survey:Eight-in-10 Americans say they supportpro-environmental policies, but a newnational survey by the Nicholas Institute forEnvironmental Policy Solutions finds theirsupport often stops short of the ballot box.The survey suggests opportunities for howto address this disconnect.

“These results are a wake-up call, but theyalso represent an important opportunity,”said Tim Profeta, director of the NicholasInstitute. “They help us understand whatwe need to do to build public consensusand break down barriers to environmentalprogress. This is central to the mission ofthe Nicholas Institute.”

The survey’s findings were announcedby Profeta at a press briefing at the U.S.Senate on the opening day of the institute’sinaugural environmental summit inSeptember. Profeta was joined by U.S. Sen.Joseph Lieberman (D-Conn.), U.S. Sen.John McCain (R-Ariz.), William K. Reilly,

From left to right: Audience; William Reilly; Tim Profeta; Russell Train; Osborne and Nicholas School Dean William Schlesinger; Nicholas; Presentation of Hart-McInturff Environmental Survey; and International Climate Change Photo Exhibit

former EPA head and chair of the advisoryboard of the Nicholas Institute, and PeterNicholas, chairman of Boston Scientific.Profeta, Reilly and the pollsters also presented the findings of the survey duringthe summit in Durham.

The survey of 800 registered voters foundthat 79 percent favored “stronger nationalstandards to protect our land, air and water,”with 40 percent strongly supporting it.

But only 22 percent said environmentalconcerns have played a major role in determining whom they voted for in recentfederal, state or local elections.

Even among self-described environ-mentalists, only 39 percent could recall an election in which a candidate’s environ-mental stance was among the two or threemost important reasons why they voted foror against him or her.

“There is a clear disconnect here,”Reilly said. “Seventy-four percent of

Republicans and 85 percent of Democratssay they support stronger environmentalstandards. Yet, when it comes time to vote,they rank the environment low on their listof priorities.”

In focus groups, the environmentranked last out of nine issues tested, both as a vote qualifier and in terms of expressedpersonal importance to voters. The nineissues, in order of their expressed impor-tance, were: the economy and jobs; healthcare; Iraq; Social Security; terrorism; education; moral values; taxes; and theenvironment. Only 10 percent of votersidentified the environment as one of theirtop concerns, compared to 34 percent forthe economy and jobs.

The research was conducted for theNicholas Institute by Hart Associates and Public Opinion Strategies. The organization surveyed 800 registered votersnationwide and conducted focus groups of

voters in Columbus, Ohio, and Knoxville,Tenn. The survey results have a margin oferror of plus or minus 3.46 percent.

To read the white paper on the surveyand the five reasons pollsters identified forthe disconnect, click on www.nicholas.duke.edu/ institute/projects.html.

The issue of trust—or lack of it—appeared to play a role in many voters’ambivalent attitudes toward environmentalproblems. Only 19 percent said there are“a lot” of trustworthy sources of informa-tion on environmental issues, while another 40 percent said there are “likelysome trustworthy sources.”

Voters generally viewed universities andresearch institutes as the most crediblesources of information and the least likelyto have hidden agendas or special interests.

Why Pro-Environmental Views Don’t Always Translate Into Votes

A Silent TsunamiThe Urgent Need for Clean Water and Sanitation

William K. Reilly & Harriet C. Babbitt

A report from a meeting sponsored by the Aspen Institute and the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions

Read A Silent Tsunami online at www.aspeninstitute.org/EEE/waterand www.nicholas.duke.edu/institute/water

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James S. Clark, H.L. Blomquist Professor of Biology at the NicholasSchool, has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences. Clark, an expert on how global changes affects forestsand grasslands, was one of 196 scientists, scholars, artists, statesmenand entrepreneurs elected as Fellows this year.

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is an independentpolicy research center that conducts interdisciplinary studies on science and international security, social policy, education and thehumanities. Founded in 1780 by John Adams, James Bowdoin, John Hancock and other scholar-patriots, it has elected as Fellows “thefinest minds and most influential leaders of each succeeding generation.”

Last year, Stuart L. Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Conservation

Ecology at the Nicholas School, was elected a Fellow.Clark is widely cited for his research on biodiversity, global change

ecology, global climate change, earth surface processes and terrestrialecosystems. Recent studies of his refute the widely held theory thattrees can “relocate” quickly in response to sudden climate change (see related story, page 2). Other recent studies of his have suggestedthat droughts like the Great Dust Bowl of the 1930s may haveoccurred more frequently and lasted longer in prehistoric times.

Clark has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles and isthe recipient of numerous research awards, including the EcologicalSociety of America’s William Skinner Cooper Award in 1988 and itsGeorge Mercer Award in 1991.

William H. Schlesinger, dean of theNicholas School since 2001, has beenappointed to a second five-year term as dean.

Provost Peter Lange said he and PresidentRichard H. Brodhead were delighted towelcome Schlesinger for another term andlooked forward to working with him andwith the Nicholas School community tobuild on the school’s momentum for aneven brighter future.

“Since taking the helm in July 2001,Bill has shown himself to be a strong leaderwith clear goals and an ambitious vision forthe Nicholas School,” Lange said. “He hasworked to build enrollment in the Masterof Environment Management/Master of Forestry program, to increase giving, to further unify the school’s different divisions and programs, and to raise itsnational visibility.”

During his tenure, the Nicholas Schoolhas seen a steady increase in enrollment in

the professional program. The 2005entering class of 118 is one of the largest in the school’s history and demonstrates a30 percent increase over four years ago.Annual fund giving is at its highest, havingincreased by 17 percent in 2003 and by 10 percent in 2004.

With the signing of the $70 million gift to the school from Peter and GinnyNicholas of Boston in December 2003,Schlesinger has been able to push aheadwith the plans for a new building that willbring the Durham units of the schooltogether and to oversee the creation of thenew Nicholas Institute for EnvironmentalPolicy Solutions. The series of environmentaladvertorials that have run this year on theop-ed pages of the New York Times and thatSchlesinger championed to herald thelaunch of the Nicholas Institute “have given the school unprecedented nationalexposure and are a vanguard of the kind of outreach the Institute will be conduct-

ing,” Lange said.“Long an advocate of translating

scientific research for the public, he hasencouraged faculty to speak out when theirfindings are relevant to societal problems,”Lange said. “He personally has written andpublished numerous op-eds, testifiedbefore Congress and given dozens ofspeeches across the country on environ-mental issues,” he said.

“As president of the Ecological Societyof America from 2003 to 2004, Bill tookthe opportunity to close his term with aspeech asking his colleagues to join him bytaking their research beyond the confinesof academia. His talents have not goneunrecognized: in 2003 he was elected to theNational Academy of Sciences,” Lange said.

“I appreciate this vote of confidence inmy leadership as we carry the NicholasSchool to its next level where our excellentscience has maximum impact on policy,”Schlesinger said.

Schlesinger Reappointed Dean of the Nicholas School

Biologist James S. Clark Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences

S C H O O L N E W S

Construction

Begins on Ocean

Science Teaching

Center

Construction has begun on the DukeUniversity Marine Laboratory’s new $2.2million Ocean Science Teaching Center.

“We’re well on our way to making thislong-needed facility a reality for our students, faculty and community,” saysMichael K. Orbach, director of the MarineLab and professor of the practice in marineaffairs and policy. “We signed a contractwith the builder, Joyce & Associates ofCarteret County, and work already hasbegun at the site.”

Construction should be completed bylate spring of 2006, Orbach says.

The 5,600-square-foot center, to belocated at the point of Pivers Island, will bethe first new academic building constructedon the Beaufort campus in 30 years andthe Marine Lab’s first totally “green”building. Thanks to a grant from theWallace Genetic Foundation, it has beendesigned to the highest standards for energyand environmental efficiency adopted bythe U.S. Green Building Council.

When completed, it will greatly expandthe Marine Lab’s teaching capacity andenhance its capabilities for public outreachand education. The center will house ateaching laboratory; a televideo-capablelecture hall for team teaching and distanceeducation; interpretive educational displays; and spaces for social interactions,exhibits of marine art, and communityoutreach.

“We’ve just received a three-year,$160,000 grant from the National ScienceFoundation to outfit these areas with thelatest teaching and research technologies,including a state-of-the-art televideo sys-tem for distance education,” Orbach says.

Joseph S. Ramus, research professor ofbiological oceanography, is the principalinvestigator on the NSF grant.

The new center also has received its firstgift of marine art, to be displayed in thecommons area looking out over the RachelCarson Estuarine Research Reserve.Michael W. Peelle T’96 has donated a free-standing bronze sculpture, Amongstthe Coral, created by his grandfather, thenoted Hungarian-born impressionistGeorge Gach. The four-and-a-half-foot-tall sculpture depicts fish in a coral reefenvironment. Peelle spent a semester at theMarine Lab in 1994. Gach was one of the20th century’s most prolific artists. Hecreated more than 1,400 bronze sculpturesand 997 paintings between 1952 and 1996.His work is displayed in museums, privatecollections and galleries worldwide.

The new Ocean Science TeachingCenter will be named in honor of RandallRepass, chairman of West Marine Inc. ofWatsonville, Calif., and his wife, Sally-Christine Rodgers, pending approval ofthe Duke University Board of Trustees. Lastyear, Repass and Rodgers gave $2.3 millionto the Nicholas School to help fund thecenter and create a new UniversityProfessorship in Marine ConservationTechnology at the Marine Lab.

In accordance with LEED (Leadershipin Energy and Environmental Design)standards, the center will incorporate greentechnologies such as solar and geothermalenergy, and sustainable materials such asbamboo paneling and concrete made fromfly ash.

—Tim Lucas, Nicholas School

photos of Amongst the Coral courtesy of Michael Peele

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Nicholas School’s Pimm and SalzmanParticipate in Symposium HonoringScience’s 125th Anniversary

Two faculty members at the Nicholas School took part in a high-profile symposium on the future of science,organized by the American Association for theAdvancement of Science (AAAS) to celebrate the 125thanniversary of Science magazine, which AAAS publishes.

The symposium,“An Examination of the Unknowns thatWill Drive Science in the Future,” was held in July atAAAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. Stuart L.Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology,and James Salzman, professor of environmental lawand policy, took part in a panel discussion on sustainabledevelopment.They were among only a dozen or soresearchers nationwide who were asked to participate inthe symposium, which featured panel discussions on thenature of the cosmos; memories, consciousness andhuman life; and genes, proteins and disease.

in brief Article by Lincoln Pratson Reprinted in Special Issue of Scientific American

An article by Nicholas School faculty member Lincoln F. Pratson, associate professor of sedimentary geology,was reprinted this summer in a special issue of the popular science magazine Scientific American called “OurEver Changing World.”

The article,“Panoramas of the Seafloor,” was one of 12 articles about earth sciences that were chosen by themagazine’s editors for the special issue because of outstanding content and continuing popularity with maga-zine readers. Originally published in June 1997, the article details the use of modern sonar technologies tomap the U.S. continental margins, and to reveal the varied scenery that’s usually hidden underwater.William F.Haxby, a research scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, was co-author.

Nature Paper by Schlesinger Named One of Environmental Science’s Most Influential Articles

A Nature article on carbon sequestration by William H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School and JamesB. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry, has been named one of the most influential papers in the field of environmental sciences.

According to Essential Science Indicators, an online tracking database of scientific literature, Schlesinger’s article,“Limited Carbon Storage in Soil and Litter of Experimental Forest Plots Under Increased AtmosphericCO2,” has been cited 81 times since its publication on May 24, 2001.

That places it in the top 1 percent of all peer-reviewed studies in its field. John Lichter, assistant professor ofbiology and environmental studies at Bowdoin College, was co-author.Their article, considered a seminal work inthe study of carbon sequestration,was the first to call into question the role of forest soils as long-term carbon sinks.

More than 100 college students from North, Central and SouthAmerica took part in the 2005 Student Conference on ConservationScience, held for the first time this spring at Duke University.

The conference aimed to overcome the geographic and economic barriers that separate students to create a hemisphere-wide network of future conservation scientists, said Luke Dollar, a doctoral student at Nicholas Schoolwho spearheaded the event.

“We brought together Americas’ nextgeneration of environmental leaders toshare our findings, broaden our hori-zons and form professional friendshipsthat can lead to future collaborations.”

The Nicholas School hosted and co-sponsored the event. Sponsorships by the OccidentalPetroleum Corp. funded full scholarships that enabled students fromEcuador, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica and other developingcountries to attend and present at the conference, and the FordFoundation provided travel funds.

Presentation topics included forest fragmentation, endangeredand threatened species, invasive species, coral reef conservation,marine fisheries, remote sensing technologies and conservationpolicy and management.

In addition to student presentations, the conference featuredlectures by five of conservation science’s biggest names: Paul Ehrlich,

director of Stanford University’s Centerfor Conservation Biology; Stuart L. Pimm,Doris Duke Professor of ConservationEcology at the Nicholas School; DanielSimberloff, director of the University of Tennessee’s Institute for BiologicalInvasions; John Terborgh, James B. DukeProfessor of Environmental Science at

the Nicholas School and director of Duke’s Center for TropicalConservation; and David Wilcove, professor of ecology and evolutionarybiology at Princeton University.

Plans are under way to bring the conference to Duke again in March2006. Check out www.nicholas.duke.edu/sccs for more information.

Top Conservation ScienceStudents Gather at Duke

“Oxy was pleased to be a part. It was especiallyrewarding to interact with our student scholarship

recipients.Their enthusiasm was contagious and it isour hope that they will leverage the knowledge and

contacts from the conference into valuable environmental benefits in their home countries.”

Jan Sieving of Occidental Petroleum

Eight students at the Nicholas School have been named 2005-2006 Doris Duke Conservation Fellows.

Doris Duke Conservation Fellowships are awarded to graduate students who show outstanding promise as future leadersin nonprofit or governmental conservation in the United States.

To date, fellowships have been awarded to 64 Nicholas Schoolstudents who are pursuing Master of Environmental Managementor Master of Forestry degrees. Selected by the school, fellowsreceive up to $30,000 to support tuition, a public sector domestic conservation internship, and educational loan repayment for fellows who pursue nonprofit or public sector conservation careers.

Created in 1996, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation,based in New York City, seeks to improve the quality of people’slives by preserving natural environments, nurturing the arts, seeking cures for disease and helping to protect children fromabuse and neglect.

This year’s fellows are listed here along with their program ofstudy at the Nicholas School and their internship organization.

—Katherine Jennrich MEM’07

Analie Barnett of Krum,Texas; conservation science and policy; ConservationTrust for North Carolina.

Sarah Borchelt of Santa Cruz, Calif.; coastal environmental management; NOAACoastal Services Center (South Carolina).

Holly Fling of Jacksonville, Fla.; environmental economics and policy; U.S.Geological Survey (Florida).

Liz Forwand of Cambridge, Mass.; conservation science and policy; collaborativeproject between the Sonoran Institute, the Wildlife Conservation Society, MontanaState University, the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Gallatin County PlanningDepartment (Montana).

Jordan Golinkoff of Wilmington, Del.; conservation science and policy and forest resource management; Garcia River Forest (California).

Regan Lyons of Darien, Conn.; ecosystems science and management; WildlifeConservation Society (Montana).

Becca Madsen of Youngstown, Ohio; environmental economics and policy;Environmental Defense (North Carolina).

John Tynan of Signal Mountain,Tenn.; environmental health and security; Friendsof the Reedy River (South Carolina).

Eight Nicholas School Students Named 2005-06 Doris Duke Conservation Fellows

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Nicholas School Web Site Wins National Gold Medal

The Nicholas School Web site (www.nicholas.duke.edu) won a prestigiousnational CASE Gold Medal in the 2005 Circle of Excellence Web site competition.

Two gold medals, one silver and three bronze were awarded out of 110entries. Cited were Scottee Cantrell, Nicholas School assistant dean for marketing and communications, Amy Chapman Braun, designer,Stephanie Thirolle,Webmaster, and Lacey Chylack, designer. Braun, who isnow with the Nicholas School, and Chylack both worked for Duke HealthSystem’s Office of Creative Services at the time the site was created.

The Council for the Advancement and Support of Education is the interna-tional association of professionals who advance educational institutions.

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To demonstrate of its commitment to environmental stewardship, the Nicholas School haspurchased $19,718 of renewable energy certificates to offset its use of electricity generatedfrom fossil fuels.

“Buying these certificates is a way of putting our money where our mouth is,” saysWilliam H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School. “It ensures that the energy ourschool takes from the national power grid to run classrooms, labs and offices is beingreplaced with an equivalent amount of clean, renewable energy.”

The school bought the certificates this summer from Gray County Wind Farm, thelargest wind farm in Kansas.

Renewable energy certificates are credits that individuals, institutions or businesses canbuy to compensate for the amount of nonrenewable, greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuelsthey burn in their vehicles, homes, offices or other facilities.

Buying the certificates helps subsidize the cost for a wind farm, solar farm or otherrenewable energy producer to generate an equivalent amount of clean energy and put itback into the national power grid, Schlesinger explains. But you’re not buying the energyitself; you’re buying the attributes of the energy.

“The certificates represent the desirable environmental outcomes, such as reducedcarbon dioxide emissions, that are achieved when the energy is produced using renewableenergy sources instead of fossil fuels,” he explains.

“It sounds complex,” he admits, “but the bottom line for most energy users is prettysimple: Buying these certificates is an easy way to offset the amount of greenhouse gasemissions their energy use has caused.”

The Nicholas School’s purchase of the wind power certificates compensates for theestimated amount of electricity used last year at the school’s facilities in Durham and atthe Duke University Marine Laboratory in Beaufort, N.C.

“All told, we’re offsetting about 16.5 million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions,”says Becca Ryals, a second-year Master of Environmental Management student whoworked with school administrators, staff members and student groups to spearhead thepurchase. “That’s equivalent to taking about 1,500 gas-powered cars off the road for a year.”

Ryals says the idea to buy the certificates grew, in part, out of Nicholas School students’involvement in the Duke University Greening Initiative (DUGI), a project aimed atenhancing environmental sustainability campuswide. After conducting a survey this summer that showed 92 percent of Nicholas School students supported the purchase of renewable energy certificates from the school’s discretionary fund, Ryals and other students from DUGI, the Nicholas School Student Advisory Committee and the EnergyClub met with Schlesinger and school staff members to suggest the purchase.

Nicholas School Purchases Renewable Energy Certificates to Offset Use of Fossil Fuels

photo by Derrick Hood

S C H O O L N E W S

SPECIAL AWARDS Recognize 2005 Grads

Virlis L. Fischer Award—Goes to the gradu-ating professional degree student with thehighest academic achievement. Given byBernice Fisher in memory of her husband.Recipient: Sarah ChamberlinHometown: Boston, Mass.; Major: MEM,

Conservation Science and Policy; Activities at Duke: vice chair, student chapter, Society of American Foresters; summer internship with The Nature Conservancy, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory; Awards/Honors: Christensen Scholarship, Doris DukeFellow; Post-Graduation Destination: Starting in July, working as aGIS (Geographic Information Systems) analyst for NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Fisheries West IdahoHabitat Branch in Boise, Idaho; Master’s Project: Evaluation of theFragmentation Effects of Pine Conversion on the DeciduousForest Habitat of the Cumberland Plateau

Sara LaBoskey Award—Given in recognitionof personal integrity and academic excellence.Recipient: Caroline Elisabeth PaulsenHometown: Charlotte, N.C.; Major: A.B.Environmental Sciences and Policy, andSpanish Studies; Activities at Duke: Women’s

Club Lacrosse, Project WILD backpacking organization, KappaAlpha Theta, waitress at Blue Corn Café; Awards/Honors: MagnaCum Laude; Post-Graduation Destination: “I’ll be working with Dr. Marie Lynn Miranda’s group as a research technician withChildren’s Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) at the NicholasSchool”; Future Goals: “In March or April, after concluding mytime with CEHI, I will begin doing research in Nicaragua withJeffrey McCrary, an adjunct professor with Virginia Tech, studyingan invasive fish species in Lake Atoya.”

Estwing Award—Given in recognition ofoutstanding achievement in the earth andocean sciences.Recipient: Sarah Elizabeth OgburnHometown: Louisville, Ky.; Major: B.S. Earthand Ocean Sciences, and B.A. Biological

Anthropology and Anatomy; Activities at Duke: Co-manager of student-run Duke Coffeehouse; spent a summer in South Africaon paleoanthropological dig; Awards/Honors: Phi Beta Kappa, PhiEta Sigma, Dean’s list each semester; Post-Graduation Destination:“Taking time off from school to work, but looking into the Peace Corps (specifically their master’s International Program).I’m also working for EOS in the rock lab preparing samples.”;

Future Goals: “I’m interested in environmental geology, specifically helping communities prepare, predict and cope with natural disasters and other issues relating to the earth and oceans, i.e.clean drinking water, safe air. I’m really just very interested inhelping people.”

U.S. Forest Service Science Award—Givenannually to students who have demonstratedoutstanding achievements in mathematicsand science.Recipient: William Leonard ReynoldsHometown: Culpeper, Va.; Major: B.S.

Environmental Science and Policy, and B.S. Earth and OceanSciences; Awards/Honors: Stanback Internship with N.C. WARN(Waste Awareness and Reduction Network); Activities at Duke: skiteam, summer in Beaufort, semester in Australia; Post-GraduationDestination: “I’ll be moving to Seattle, Wash., to work in the environmental field while deciding exactly what I want to pursue.”;Future Goals: “I would like to enter into the technical side of environmental management and planning, possibly environmentalor civil engineering with a focus on sustainability.”

Thomas V. Laska Memorial Award—Given bythe Earth and Ocean Sciences faculty to themost outstanding senior major.Recipient: David Andrew LewisHometown: Gettysburg, Pa.; Major: B.S. Earthand Ocean Sciences, and Public Policy

Studies; Activities at Duke: research intern, Program for the Studyof Developed Shorelines; volunteer, Durham City Parks; peertutor; associate editor, Duke Chronicle; IM Softball Champs 2003;student assistant manager, Duke varsity football team;Awards/Honors: Benensen Award in the Arts; Graduation withDistinction; Post-Graduation Destination: “Summer in NorthernIreland, backpacking, hiking and research in collaboration withDr. Orrin Pilkey. In the fall, I will work for the SouthernEnvironmental Law Center as a GIS associate.”; Future Goals:“I am interested in pursuing a degree and a career in either land-use/transportation policy or energy geology. Through a combination of research and advocacy, I would like to work towardsapplying alternative energies towards reducing landscape pressures.I’m also interested in coastal geology and development policy.”

S C H O O L N E W S

Nicholas School environmental scientistsare amassing large overlays of GeographicalInformation System (GIS) data for a Website that public health and environmentalexperts will use to assess effects ofHurricane Katrina in New Orleans andelsewhere in the stricken Gulf region.

That information includes “floodedareas, the locations of medical facilities,police stations, fire stations and industrialfacilities, warehouses that might be floodedout, agricultural operations, refineries andoil pipelines, among other things,” saidproject leader Marie Lynn Miranda.“There’s just layer upon layer of differentkinds of data that, when geographicallycorrelated, could aid assessment of hazardsand the process of recovery,” she said.

Miranda, associate research professor,is a principal investigator and does GISmapping for mercury at Duke’s SuperfundBasic Research Center. She also directs theChildren’s Environmental HealthInitiative, which uses GIS technology tohelp authorities evaluate childhood expo-sures to various contaminants in NorthCarolina.

The Katrina data are being integratedby Miranda’s GIS programmer, Duke

alumna Sharon Edwards.GIS technology combines various kinds

of maps, satellite images and other infor-mation to provide investigators insightsand connections that might not be recog-nized if the components were consideredseparately. Another advantage is that theinformation is all spatially referenced,meaning that all the information is con-nected to a particular geographic location.

Miranda’s involvement resulted from a conference call with officials at theNational Institute of EnvironmentalHealth Sciences (NIEHS) in ResearchTriangle Park, who are creating the Website as part of its initial response to anational effort to assess the large array of potential toxic contaminants in thefloodwaters.

Among the layers of relevant data, saidRichard Di Giulio, professor of environ-mental toxicology, “are effects that mightbe associated with oil refinery petrochemi-cals—compounds like hydrocarbons forwhich cancer is sometimes a major, long-term health hazard.” Di Giulio directsDuke’s Superfund Basic Research Center.

“Pesticide chemical companies downthere, depending on what they make, could

be sources of potent neurotoxins and neurodevelopmental toxins,” Di Giuliosaid. “There could also be concerns aboutradioactive materials and chemicals fromflooded hospitals.”

Di Giulio enlisted Miranda and hercolleagues following conference callsinvolving all 20 university-basedSuperfund Centers, which do basicresearch into the effects and detection of toxic chemicals covered by the federalSuperfund Act in coordination with the NIEHS.

“Dr. Miranda is organizing non-confi-dential information that’s already out there on the Web or through other kinds of data sources,” said Bill Suk, who directsNIEHS’s Superfund Basic ResearchProgram as well as its Center for Risk andIntegrative Sciences.

“It’s an incredible amount of data that’scoming in,” Suk added. “All the data isalready out there, but it’s never been puttogether and integrated in this way. So thisis a resource that is very valuable.”

Researchers from Columbia University,the University of Kentucky, San DiegoState University and the Research TriangleInstitute have all sent layers to be added to

From left to right Ship Island, Miss.: Undeveloped barrier island in the Gulf Island National Seashore; Gulfport, Miss.: Debris consisting of kraft paper, shipping containers and building material;Bay St. Louis, Miss. : A destroyed train trestle crossing St. Louis Bay; Waveland, Miss. :The steeple of a church is all that remains; Bay St. Louis, Miss.: Concrete foundations and some pilings is all that remains of these house; Ship Island, Miss.: Undeveloped barrier island in the Gulf Island National Seashore photos by Andrew S. Coburn MEM’93, PSDS

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Nicholas School Researchers Amass GISData to Aid Analysis of Katrina’s Health,

Environmental Effects

S C H O O L N E W S

the GIS project being compiled at Duke.After the overlaid GIS information is

made interactive with help from a super-computer at San Diego State University,the data will be used in the field to aidenvironmental and health investigators,Suk said.

For example, Suk said he understoodthat the Centers for Disease Control is

attempting to analyze health data on peoplefrom the area who have been scatteredthrough various refuge centers in Texas.“The GIS system that we’re developingshould help explain what they might havebeen exposed to,” he added.

“If we could backtrack and develop alisting of those people, where they livedand what they were potentially exposed to,

then we can start developing some long-range research projects that could fullyevaluate whether or not there are going tobe any potential health consequences downthe road,” Suk said.

—Monte Basgall, Duke News & Communications

When the winds of Hurricane Katrina had barely died down, theNicholas School’s Andrew S. Coburn chartered a plane and flewover devastated portions of Alabama and Mississippi, takinghundreds of digital photos. Coburn MEM’93, associate director ofthe Duke University Program for the Study of DevelopedShorelines (PSDS), traveled to the Gulf Coast with Robert S.Young PhD’95, an associate professor of geology at WesternCarolina University,

The photos show entire neighborhoods of houses that havebeen stripped to their foundations. A bridge that has beenreduced to a series of pylons jutting from the water, without aroadbed. Cars piled up like toys.Trees denuded of leaves.Highways choked with sand. And occasionally, entire stretches inwhich buildings survived, seemingly unscathed.

According to Coburn, it was critically important to get thephotographs as soon as possible after the storm.“Impacts areephemeral, and we feel it is critical to have a permanent recordof what actually occurred on the ground,”he said.“We try to get

out and document post-storm impacts before people go in andstart cleaning up and putting things back the way they were.”

The photos propelled Coburn and Young into the pages ofthe New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Sun-Times, HoustonChronicle, and numerous broadcast programs, and Coburn wasfeatured as Tar Heel of the Week in a Raleigh News and Observerstory that focused largely on the Katrina photographs.

Coburn and his colleagues will use the images to assess pat-terns of property damage, identify beach and shoreline impactsand monitor what happens to a beach and shoreline during themonths and years after the storm.While the photos documenthorrific destruction, one thing Coburn looks for is those placeswhere little damage occurred. One of his aims is to discoverwhat might be protecting some parts of the developed coast-line from hurricanes’ effects.

The PSDS was established by Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. DukeProfessor Emeritus of Geology, who serves as its director.—Lisa M. Dellwo

Get a Birds-Eye View on Katrina Damage

Check out Andrew S. Coburn’s Gulf Coastdigital aerial Katrina photos atwww.nicholas.duke.edu/psds/katrina.htm.(see story below)

Coburn Documents Hurricane Damage Along the Gulf Coast

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Emily M. Klein, Lee HillSnowden Professor of geology,has been named senior associatedean of the Nicholas School.

Klein’s responsibilities willinclude directing the NicholasSchool’s undergraduate initia-tives and overseeing the designand construction of the newbuilding that will house both the school and the NicholasInstitute for EnvironmentalPolicy Solutions.

“Faculty, students and staff allknow and respect Emily for her

exemplary work to understand the geochemistry of the oceanic crust,her longtime interest in improving undergraduate teaching at Duke,and her participation in many Nicholas School activities,” saidDean William H. Schlesinger.

Klein joined Duke University in 1989 as assistant professor ofgeology after completing her doctoral studies at Lamont-DohertyGeological Observatory of Columbia University. She also holds aMaster of Science degree in geology from Columbia, and aBachelor of Arts in English from Barnard College.

She was promoted to the rank of associate professor of geologyat the Nicholas School in 1996, and full professor in 2005. Sheassumed additional responsibilities as the director of undergraduateprograms in 2004. Earlier this year, she was named Lee HillSnowden Professor, Bass Society of Fellows.

A prolific and widely cited author on the geochemistry of oceanridge basalts, Klein is the recipient of numerous professionalawards and honors, including a National Science FoundationYoung Investigator Award and the F.W. Clarke Medal from theGeochemical Society.

“There’s so much going on in the Nicholas School right now,”Klein said. “The new focus on energy and the environment, plan-ning a new green building, working to develop a synergistic rela-tionship between the school and the new Nicholas Institute—all ofthese open up new avenues, and I’m thrilled to be a part of it.”

Emily Klein Appointed as Nicholas School’s Senior Associate Dean

Jeffrey A. Karson, professor of geology, participated in a precedent-setting 10-day“virtual cruise” to the newly discovered Lost City hydrothermal vent field of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge beginning in July.

Karson and Research Associate Nick Hayman were part of an interdisciplinary team of researchers comprised of 21 scientists, graduate students and undergraduatesparticipating from command centers at the University of Washington, the University of Rhode Island and on the NOAA (National Oceanic Atmospheric Administation)ship Ronald H. Brown thousands of miles away at sea, via telepresence.

Seafloor exploration of the hydrothermal vent field was conducted using remotelyoperated vehicles (ROVs) launched and controlled from the ship. Principal investigatorRobert Ballard, URI professor of oceanography, communicated shipboard to ChiefScientist Deborah Kelly, stationed at a specially designed command post in Seattle,where Karson and Hayman also were stationed. While scientists watched the underwaterexplorations from the ship, live video and data were transmitted via satellite and theInternet to the land-based command posts, making it possible for shorebound scientiststo observe and participate in real time.Live broadcasts of the satellite images were available from the partnering Web sites making field study of the Lost City cruise acces-sible for educators and students anywhere on Earth.

—Donna Picard, Nicholas School

Karson Revisits ‘Lost City’ Through a Virtual Cruise

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The Duke Marine Lab’s head cook,Sylvester “Sly” Murray, received Duke’shighest employee honor, the PresidentialAward. He was one of four Duke employeescited by President Richard H. Brodheadearlier this year and presented a plaque anda check for $1,000.

“The Presidential Awards celebrate ahandful of employees whose service showsin the highest degree the qualities Dukevalues in all employees,” Brodhead said.

Here is Murray’s story:

While on vacation in Mexico, DominickBrugnolotti stopped by a bank in Cozumelwearing his Duke Marine Lab t-shirt. Thebank’s vice president, a Duke alumnus,spotted the t-shirt and asked, “Do youknow Sly?”

Sly would be Sylvester “Sly” Murray, the head cook at Duke’s Marine Lab inBeaufort, N.C., and if it’s stretching thetruth to say he’s world-famous, it is truethat he’s well known for making the lives of Marine Lab employees and visitors better, one meal at a time. This year Dukerecognized his contributions byconferring on himthe PresidentialAward. Brugnolotti,assistant director of auxiliary serviceson the Beaufortcampus, was amongthose who nominatedMurray for Duke’shighest award.

“He’s an institution here,” Brugnolottisaid.

Murray, who has lived all his life on theeastern shore of North Carolina, said theinternational community of visitors at theMarine Lab has kept him there for the past30 years.

He started work at the Marine Labpart-time while he took classes at a community college. Through interactingwith the international students andresearchers, he said, “All of a sudden, I was

in a mixed-culture situation where I wasinvolved with people from all over theworld. I was seeingthings from anotherpoint of view, expe-riencing how otherpeople think andlive their lives. Iknew there was achance to learn andgrow from that. Itmade a big impacton me when I was 18.”

Murray’s firstposition at the labwas in housekeeping,but when the dining hall opened full-time,the head cook needed an assistant. Murray,who had worked in restaurants in highschool, was offered the job.

“It was the last thing I thought I’d bedoing after high school,” he said. But hewas a quick study, and learned how to takeover any task from the cook, who hadhealth problems. The first time the cookwasn’t able to make it in, staff and students

stopped by the dining hall, offeringto help.

“I thought,‘Nobody thinks Ican do this.’ Theywere looking at a kidalone in the cafeteria,and they were worried about me,”Murray said. “I lovechallenges, so as

soon as it turned into that, I snapped to it.”The lasagna dinner he fixed turned

out just fine, and his culinary career was launched.

Over the years, the challenges keptcoming. Murray might have only 13 people to cook for at one meal and 130 the next. At times, he has had the kitchenpolished down and was on his way out thedoor when he received word that a tourgroup of 70 would arrive for dinner in 20 minutes.

“That’s one of the things I’ve alwaysloved about my job,” he said. “I never really

know how the day isgoing to unfold.”

Murray researchesrecipes for vegetariansand adjusts his bakingto accommodatevegans. He has takencourses at differentculinary schools andsaid he has learnedfrom every chef whohas passed throughhis kitchen. Dietaryneeds, culinarystyles and available

ingredients change continuously.“A doctor never stops learning new

things,” he said. “I approach cooking thesame way. I don’t look at it as a job; I see itas taking care of people.”

One of his co-workers estimated thatMurray has cooked 38,800-some-oddmeals over the past 30 years. He takes it as apoint of pride to cook a meal that will takethe stress off students and researchers at theend of the day.

When he’s not in the kitchen, Murray is penning short stories and novels. Hiscookbook, Home Boy Cookbook, has sold morethan 10,000 copies.

Receiving the Presidential Award won’tchange the way Murray does his work. “Theaward is motivation to keep on doing what Ido, day in and day out,” he said.

—From Duke News & Communications reports

Marine Lab Cook Receives Duke’s Highest Employee Honor

S C H O O L N E W S

by Tim Lucas

The six species of sea turtles that call theturquoise waters of the Caribbean Sea homehave survived disasters, plagues and predators for more than 100 million years.

Endowed with natural armor, longlifespans, and hydrodynamic bodies capable of swimming long stretches,they’ve been able to outdistance, out-diveor simply outlast the dangers nature’sdished out. They even survived the extinctionof the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

But now, there’s widespread concernthat the combined pressures of poaching,fisheries by-catch, habitat destruction andother modern human activities may dowhat asteroids and hurricanes couldn’t.

Populations of loggerhead,leatherback, hawksbill, Kemp’s ridley,olive ridley and green sea turtles havedeclined sharply since World War II. Allsix species are now classified as endangeredby the IUCN World Conservation Union.Three of them—the hawksbill, Kemp’sridley and leatherback—are criticallyendangered. According to IUCN criteria,species are classified as endangered if theyhave declined by at least 50 percent overthe last three generations. Critically

endangered species must have declined byat least 80 percent.

“It would be a tragedy for these speciesto have come safely through the eons onlyto succumb on our watch to dangers thatare almost entirely manageable,” saysKaren L. Eckert, assistant research scientist at the Nicholas School and aninternationally recognized expert onmarine turtle conservation policy.

Since 1989, Eckert has served as executive director of the Wider CaribbeanSea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDE-CAST), the world’s oldest, largest andmost active regional sea turtle research andconservation network, now based at theDuke University Marine Laboratory inBeaufort, N.C.

“On some beaches where thousands of sea turtles once crawled ashore to nest,we now count them in the hundreds, thedozens, or less,” she says. “We have notonly watched their numbers decline, butalso their geographic range. Hundreds ofbeaches that once supported sea turtlenesting no longer do.”

The situation is grave, Eckert stresses,but it’s far from hopeless.

After years of decline, some of theCaribbean’s turtle colonies are beginning

to rebound. Two of the most successfulrecoveries are taking place on the islandsof Antigua and Trinidad, where govern-ment agencies, beachfront property owners, fishermen and other local stakeholders have worked together withWIDECAST to develop policies and practices that protect the turtles whilerespecting the rights and unique culturesof the islands’ human residents.

“Like politics, all conservation islocal,” Eckert says. “We can prevent theextinction of these six species if we stoppointing the finger of blame at local residents engaged in outdated hunting orland-use practices, and extend them ahand instead, so they become part of amore sustainable landscape.”

“You can’t manage turtles in isolationfrom their environment,” agrees Eckert’shusband, Scott A. Eckert, also an assistantresearch scientist at the Nicholas School.“Sea turtle conservation is equally aboutpreserving coastal habitats and empoweringthe people who live there.”

For nearly 25 years, the Eckerts have ded-icated their careers to doing precisely that.

Working amid overflowing piles ofpapers and e-mails in their book-linedoffices on the first floor of the Marine

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feature

Working to S L O W the Frightful Pace of

E X T I N C T I O N

M A R I N E L A B ’ S K A R E N A N D S C O T T E C K E R T M A K E I T T H E I R P E R S O N A L

Lab’s Bookhout Building, they coordinateWIDECAST’s research, training and conservation initiatives in 45 countriesand territories in the Caribbean and partsof Central and South America.

Scott, a conservation biologist widelycited for his pioneering research on turtleecology, physiology and microelectronictracking technologies, is WIDECAST’sdirector of science.

“One of the biggest challenges for scientists and policymakers alike,” he says,“is that sea turtles don’t recognize nationalborders. They recognize nesting beachesand foraging grounds. Their migrationscan zigzag back and forth through inter-national waters to beaches and coastalwaters in dozens of countries,” each withits own conservation and enforcementpolicies, its own economic context, and its own cultural attitudes about sea turtlemanagement, including turtle-meat consumption.

“The trick is to come up with a cohesive regionwide approach that can be individualized to address site-specificcircumstances and cultures,” he says. “Thestrength of WIDECAST is that by workingthrough a network of local partners andfield coordinators in each country and

territory, we can do this much better thana centralized bureaucracy ever could.”

More than a dozen Nicholas Schooldoctoral and Master of EnvironmentManagement students currently work withThe Eckerts on WIDECAST projects.Hundreds more have benefited from theirexperience and expertise through thegraduate and undergraduate classes theyteach at the Marine Lab.

“Scott and Karen are superb teachers.They bring to the classroom a wonderfulcombination of good science, good policyand very strong community involvement,”says Michael K. Orbach, director of theMarine Lab and professor of the practiceof marine affairs and policy. “Studentsreally pick up on this. They come awaywith a deeper understanding that this isthe best way to do conservation.”

The Eckerts operate WIDECAST on amodest annual budget of less than$500,000, which they raise themselves, inaddition to fulfilling their other teaching,advising and research responsibilities atthe Nicholas School.

Their limited financial resources beliethe big impact their volunteer network has had on sea turtle conservation in the region.

WIDECAST was chartered in 1981by one of Karen’s most important early mentors, environmentalist MiltonKaufmann of the conservation groupMonitor International. The fledgling network soon became a partner organiza-tion of the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme. At the time, few nations inthe Caribbean region had active programsfor sea turtle management or conservation,and virtually all were hamstrung by a weakand largely obsolete regulatory framework.

Today, Karen notes with pride, everycountry in the region is part of the WIDE-CAST network. Most have active manage-ment programs that focus on at least oneimportant turtle nesting or foragingground, and more than half of them haveenacted short- or long-term moratoria onturtle harvests while turtle populationassessments are undertaken. As a result,the Caribbean is the only region on Earthwhere endangered turtle populations areonce again rising.

“A big part of our success, I think, is that we train our network’s countrycoordinators and volunteers in scientificmethodology and provide them with accurate, up-to-date management information they can use to develop

M I S S I O N T O T A K E S E A T U R T L E C O N S E R V A T I O N T O T H E L O C A L L E V E L

From left to right Hawksbill sea turtle silhouetted against the sky (Sulu Sea, N. Mindinao, Philippines); Green sea turtle prepares a nesting sight (Sandy Point, St. Croix, USVI); Leatherback sea turtle surfaces to breath (Monterey Bay, Calif.); Handful of hawkbill hatchlings. (Sandy Point, St. Croix, USVI); Loggerhead sea turtle eggs, dropping into nest cavity (Little Cumberland Island, GA.); An olive ridleyhatchling crawls to the ocean (Baja California Sur, Mexico). photos by Scott Eckert

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conservation programs geared to local circumstances,” she says. “We don’t do thework for them, we enable them to do it for themselves.”

In the past five years, local WIDE-CAST partner organizations have trainedmore than 1,000 conservation profes-sionals, including marine park managers,community leaders, fisheries and wildlifeofficers, and local biologists.

Members of the network meet annuallyto set priorities, evaluate existing pro-grams, learn about the latest science, andlaunch new collaborations.

By design, WIDECAST doesn’t advocatefor specific government programs or policies.

“We’re an independent, nonpoliticalorganization,” Scott says emphatically.“We advise governments about the feasi-bility and scientific validity of proposedmanagement or conservation policies. Wetake a stand, but we leave the more stri-dent advocacy to organizations designedfor that purpose.”

One of WIDECAST’s many successeshas been on Antigua, a reef-ringed speck

of land in the Leeward Islands that is hometo one of the region’s best-studied coloniesof critically endangered hawksbill turtles.

In Antigua and elsewhere, hawksbillshave been decimated by poaching—theirshells once were highly prized for making“tortoiseshell” jewelry—and by the degra-dation or loss of offshore coral reefs andbeachfront nesting habitats.

Working with local landowners on anoffshore islet, WIDECAST developed theJumby Bay Hawksbill Project to monitorthe nation’s largest hawksbill breedingcolony. The science and conservation program has yielded a wealth of data that is helping islanders reverse the colony’sdecline.

“In addition to quantifying aspects of basic nesting biology, such as nest siteselection, clutch frequency, and averagesize of the gravid females, the projectoffers a unique model of sustainable conservation supported entirely by locallandowners,” Scott says. “Through it,we’ve been able to pioneer habitat restora-tion techniques, long-term studies of

recruitment and survivorship, and investi-gations into the genetic relationshipsbetween this small colony and others inthe region.”

This information is now being used todevelop hawksbill management practiceson a regional scale, he says.

In Trinidad, WIDECAST is workingclosely with government, fishermen andtourism operators to develop managementprograms that protect the world’s secondlargest nesting colony of leatherback turtles. Not so long ago, egg-laden femalesthat crawled ashore on the island’s beacheswere shot for sport. Today local village-based groups manage and protect thecolony as an eco-tourism asset.

“Tour guiding and data collection now provide significant income and permanent employment for communityentrepreneurs and youth,” Scott says.“You can make a very persuasive case for conservation by showing that you canearn more money from protecting turtlesthan from eating them.”

“The idea,” says Karen, “is to help

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Guide to Sea Turtles of the Wider Caribbean

The Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST) works to pre-vent the extinction of six species of endangered marine turtles. Each species has its owndistinguishing marks and behaviors.

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are named for the color of fat depositsaround their internal organs, not for their shells, which often are a mottled shade ofbrownish-gray. Found in coastal waters, they feed on sea grasses and algae and are theonly herbivorous marine turtle. They grow to about four feet long and 440 pounds.

Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) have elaborately patterned shellsflecked with orange, brown and yellow, and made famous in “tortoiseshell” crafts. Theycan grow to three feet long and 300 pounds, but too many succumb to human-induced threats before they reach this size. The hawksbill feeds primarily on sponges andplays a key role in maintaining species diversity in coral reef communities.

Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) rarely exceed two feet inlength and 100 pounds. They have olive-gray shells and triangular heads with slightlyhooked beaks, perfect for chewing their diet of crabs, shrimp, clams and sea urchins.They nest in broad daylight, nearly always on the same 12-mile beach at RanchoNuevo, Mexico.

Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata)Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii)

Photo courtesy of the National Park Service

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communities, and indeed nations,strengthen and diversify their economiesto the point where a villager can afford towatch 100 pounds of turtle meat swim away.”

Their grassroots approach to conserva-tion has been a hallmark of the Eckerts’careers since their days as undergraduatesat tiny Principia College in Elsah, Ill., inthe late 1970s.

“It seeps into your view of yourself—theidea that you can bring about real changeand have a meaningful impact,” Karensays. After graduating with a degree inbiology in 1980, she accepted a job withthe Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative asfield director of a loggerhead sea turtlemonitoring project on Georgia’s LittleCumberland Island.

Scott, who had graduated the year before,also as a biologist, was working in Seattle asa film chemist at a large, movie-processinglaboratory. He jumped at the chance tojoin Karen in Georgia, and the seeds oftheir future careers and lives were sown.

“We agreed that living on an isolatedbarrier island and working in all kinds of

weather 10 hours a night, seven days aweek for five months at a time, was a wonderful way to start a marriage,” Karenrecalls with a laugh. “We were paid a combined annual income of $1,500 andthought we’d died and gone to heaven.”

Their monitoring program on LittleCumberland Island soon caught the attention of federal authorities, who hiredthem to initiate a similar research projectin the U.S. Virgin Islands, where aleatherback sea turtle nesting beach wasslated for development as a marina.Through meticulous monitoring, theEckerts were able to show that the beachsupported the largest colony of leatherbackturtles under U.S. jurisdiction. Plans forthe marina were cancelled, and the areabecame a National Wildlife Refuge—thefirst one ever designated for sea turtles bythe U.S. Congress.

Over the years, the Eckerts have pursued each new job and degree withequal passion and commitment. Theyboth hold doctorates in zoology from the University of Georgia, where Karen

also completed a Certificate inInternational Policy.

In 1989, Karen agreed to take over thereins of Milton Kaufmann’s grassrootsconsortium, WIDECAST, even though itsassets totaled only $744.17. “It was,” sherecalls, with obvious pleasure, “an offer Icouldn’t refuse.”

In 2002, a second irresistible offerbrought the Eckerts to the Nicholas Schoolfrom San Diego, where they had moved soScott could pursue his research on divingvertebrates at the Scripps Institution ofOceanography.

“We were looking for a chance to worktogether more, and to incorporate theWIDECAST portfolio into a university’steaching and research curriculum, prefer-ably in an area where our son could growup close to nature,” Scott says. “TheMarine Lab was a perfect fit. We alreadyhad colleagues here who we respected a lot.”

WIDECAST’s big challenge in comingyears, the Eckerts say, will be to expand itsgrassroots conservation efforts to protectcoral reefs and other offshore habitats

Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are the largest, deepest diving,and widest ranging of the sea turtles. Adult males can grow up to eight feet in length and2,000 pounds. Leatherbacks have a black, leathery, ridged carapace and dispropor-tionately long front flippers. Jellyfish are their dietary staple. These ancient giants rangeinto subarctic waters, but always return to the tropics to nest.

Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) can grow to 400 pounds, with shelllengths of four feet or more. They have reddish-brown shells, broad heads and powerfuljaws. Their diet consists of marine bottom-dwellers, such as conch, crabs and jellyfish.If you’ve ever witnessed a sea turtle nesting in the U.S., you probably were watching aloggerhead.

Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are named for the color of theirshells. They rarely exceed two-and-a-half feet long and 110 pounds. Found in coastalwaters, they feed on crabs, shrimp, jellyfish and, according to some reports, algae. Theyare the most abundant sea turtle in the world, but very rare in the Caribbean Sea.

Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)

download wallpaper of turtles:www.nicholas.duke.edu/wallpaper

wallpaper>>>

dukenvironment 24

by Michael Tennesen

A group of biologists huddles under a quarter moon on the eastern shore of Trinidadwatching the crashing surf. Out of the white froth, a large dark form appears. Enter theleatherback, the most ancient of living sea turtles, a creature that is older than thedinosaurs. Scott Eckert, a biologist with the Nicholas School, and a group of volunteersstare back in amazement.

Tonight’s visitor at Matura beach weighs about 800 pounds. More than 2,000leatherbacks lay eggs on this beach each year, making it one of the largest nestingcolonies on earth. This prehistoric animal picks a spot on the beach and starts to dig itsnest. Soon the animal is laying its eggs, about 70 to 90 in all, each the size of a cueball. While laying these eggs, the animal goes into a trance, and Eckert uses this opportunity to tag, measure, and record the animal’s vital statistics.

Eckert and his wife, Karen, have been studying these animals since the early1980s. They are assisted by Nature Seekers from Matura, who guard the beaches frompoachers and serve as ecotourism guides, as well as Earthwatch volunteers who comehere from the States to contribute to Eckert’s work. Duty for all begins each eveningaround 8:30 p.m. and lasts until 3 to 5:30 in the morning.

Work like this throughout the Caribbean has lead to a decline in poaching and significant signs of recovery in all sea turtle species in the region. But this is not the caseeverywhere. Populations in the Pacific have plummeted. “If things continue like this inthe future, we are looking at extinction of the Pacific leatherback in the next 10 years,”says Eckert.

So the biologist, who also is the director of science for the Wider Caribbean SeaTurtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST), works to spread sea turtle awarenessthroughout the Caribbean while trying to uncover the leatherback’s secrets.

• • •The leatherback sea turtle is the largest of all turtles. Adult males may weigh up to2,000 pounds. The Eckerts first looked at this giant off Saint Croix in the VirginIslands in the early 1980s to study its diving behavior. They recorded one animal divingbelow 3,330 feet. Among the world’s air-breathing divers, only the elephant seal, andthe sperm whale dive deeper. Their lungs collapse on these deep dives, forcing the animal to get their oxygen from stores in the blood and muscle.

Leatherbacks prey on jellyfish. “It’s the perfect Atkins Diet, almost all protein,” saysEckert. They find the majority of that food at depths exceeding 1,800 feet. Leatherbacksnot only go deep, but long. Eckert attached satellite-tracking instruments to the turtlesand followed one animal that left Trinidad and traveled all the way to the mid-northAtlantic and back down to the northwest corner of Africa.

Says Eckert, “They have a tear-drop shaped body—the perfect hydrodynamicform—and long powerful fins. It takes only a little bit more energy for them to swimthan it takes to sit still.”

In Trinidad, Nature Seekers, which got going in 1990, has largely stopped all thepoaching of leatherbacks on the beach of Matura—a big problem in the past. DennisSammy, the manager of Nature Seekers and country coordinator for WIDECAST, thinkssome of the effectiveness of the group has come from the fact that Nature Seekers aremembers of the community. “If you harm the sea turtles, we know where you live, and weknow where to send the police,” he says.

But these days, Nature Seekers spend most of its time guiding ecotourists rather thancalling the police. On a Saturday night, sightseeing buses arrive with up to 150 tourists towitness the turtles. Though some of the tourists are western vacationers, the majority arelocal residents who will take home an appreciation of these turtles to their neighbors.

Some of the Matura’s tour guides are former poachers or from poaching families.Eckert thinks that’s smart. “The more you involve poachers and the sons and daughtersof former poachers, the more you undermine the future of poaching.”

With Trinidad’s leatherback sea turtle population on the rise, the method is apparently working.

Freelancer Michael Tennesen of California, who was a Nicholas EnvironmentalMedia Fellow (www.nicholas.duke.edu/media/pastfellows.html), visited ScottEckert in Trinidad earlier this year.

where turtles forage for food. Loss of theseareas is a growing problem, and someCaribbean countries have the highest rateof living coral loss in the world.

Protecting these reefs and foraginggrounds isn’t going to be easy, Karen says,but then, nothing worth doing ever is.

“The most serious threat to sea turtles,or any other species, is the notion that wedon’t have to work—really work—for theirsurvival,” she says. “It’s easy to believe thatsomeone else, with more money, or moretime, or better expertise, will somehowslow the frightful pace of extinction. But it

doesn’t work that way. In the end, we allhave to act as if the survival of our planetdepends on us, because it really does.”

Tim Lucas is the Nicholas School’s national mediarelations and marketing specialist.

web sites to note

Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network www.widecast.org

Karen Eckert’s bio www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/eckertk.html

Scott Eckert’s bio www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/eckerts.html

w w w.

Witnessing the Leatherback’s Ancient Ritual on the Shores of Trinidad

From left to right Loggerhead turtle in reef (Bonaire); Scott Eckert examines a leatherback sea turtle nesting at Matura Beach,Trinidad,WI; Karen Eckert instructs students about sea turtles at Topsailbeach sea turtle hospital,Topsail Beach, N.C. photos by Scott Eckert, Karen Eckert photo by Scott Taylor

S T U D E N T N E W S action

by Jean Lynch MEM’06

Faced with heavy course loads and careerdevelopment concerns, many professionaldegree students barely find time to sleep, much less volunteer. But up to aquarter of Nicholas School students have made time to connect with theDurham community through the DukeEnvironmental Leadership (DEL)Community Outreach Program.

• • •The kindergartners in Jamie Barnhill’sclassroom were in high spirits, and thesilent cheer their teacher asked for was anything but silent. Who could blamethem? They were five years old, it was asunny day, and two enthusiastic graduatestudents had just stopped by to talk withthem about turtles, jellyfish and spiders.There also may have been the hint of agame of make-believe in the air, too.

A Nicholas School student would feel right at home in this classroom. Mr. Barnhill and his charges had festoonedit with artifacts from nature and projectsexplaining how they work. Elk skulls andpaper fishes, tadpoles and insects adornedthe walls, and a science center explainedthe parts of a spider. “What is a flower?”“What is a bird?”

Colleen Kenney and Sarah Borchelt,first-year MEM candidates, were regularvolunteers at this classroom at Durham’sForest View Elementary School. Previously,they had talked about butterflies with thechildren and paper cutouts still decoratedthe room, providing a reminder of the lesson. Today, Kenney announces, theywould talk about land and sea turtles andtheir associated food webs.

A voice broke in over the intercom:“Boys and girls, we will be having a firedrill in just a few minutes. Remember thatwe always ask you to leave the classroomquietly and behave as though there mightbe a real fire.” They did exit quietly,inspired by Mr. Barnhill’s request to fileout “as silently as a box turtle swimming in a pond at night.”

• • •The outreach program is administered by the Nicholas School’s DEL program.Deb Hall MEM’00, runs it with the help ofstudent assistants in three Durhamelementary schools—E.K. Powe, ForestView, and C.C. Spaulding. Involvementranges from one-time special projects toregular student visits to the classrooms ofinterested teachers, depending on thewishes of the partner school and the avail-ability of Nicholas School volunteers.

While Hall has the job of developingrelationships with schools in the community,it fell to Vanessa Jordan, the program assistant and an MEM candidate, to recruitthe 2004-2005 volunteers and matchthem with appropriate assignments. OnJordan’s watch, at least 50 MEM candidatesmanaged to find time to teach environmentalscience in the community. About 20 studentsvolunteered on a regular weekly or biweeklybasis, and dozens of others were involved inoccasional or one-time teaching events suchas Arbor Day and Earth Day celebrations orFamily Science Night at E.K. Powe. Somestudents took on an entire classroom, whilesome work with a few students or with onestudent at a time. Jordan volunteeredregularly and can’t say enough goodthings about the program and the volunteers: “The commitment the volunteers showed was amazing. Thegreatest thing about the program is thatboth the school kids and the NicholasSchool students benefit tremendouslyfrom it. We all learn from each other.”

Hall concurs. “It’s inspiring to see somany busy students contributing their timeand energy to the community. These students not only cultivate their own communication skills, they enrich and expandthe learning opportunities for the nextgeneration of environmental professionals.”

Colleen Kenney, lower left, and Sarah Borchelt, upper right, volunteered in Jamie Barnhill’s classroom at Durham’s Forest View Elementary School photos by Drew Stuyvenberg MEM’05

MEMs Volunteer Through the DEL Community Outreach Program

elementary schoolsBringing the Environment to Durham

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• • •After the fire drill, the children were eagerto talk turtles. About a dozen of themraised their hands when asked if they’dseen live turtles before, so Sarah Borcheltand Colleen Kenney both introduced newturtle facts and solicited memories thechildren had of things they’d learned inthe past. The class discussed sea turtles andbox turtles: where box turtles got theirname (it refers to their boxlike shell, intowhich they can retract their entire headand limbs), what types of water the differ-ent turtles are found in, what they like toeat, and some differences in anatomy, suchas the shape of their feet or flippers.

“How long do turtles live?” Borcheltasked. After an initial suggestion of 500years, the children’s guesses droppedsharply to four years and then varied wildlyuntil Kenney and Borchelt revealed thatthe actual age span was 60 to 130 years.Despite their initial high guess, a “Wo-o-o-ow” issued from the crowd, signaling that the children were impressed.

“Who here can tell me what a foodchain is?” asked Colleen. A little boynamed Nicolo responded as if he’d beenprepped ahead of time: “It’s about whatturtles can eat and what they can’t eat. And what’s healthy for them and what’s nothealthy for them.” “That is a great answer,”Kenney said. Later, she offered good-naturedly, “Sometimes I think they alreadyknow everything and they’re just humoring us.”

But Nicolo had experience with seaturtles because his family had beeninvolved in a turtle nesting program onBald Head Island. Rest assured, the children were learning. “What do box turtles eat?” Kenney and Borchelt asked.The childrens’ answer: Carrots and bread.What would they eat if there were no people around? Crickets! Yes. Cobras!Probably not. What about sea turtles?Seaweed. Jellyfish. Good. Sea turtles havespecial salt-extracting glands that allowthem to drink lots of sea water. Can we dothat? Noooo! Can box turtles? Noooo!

Once everyone was up to date with turtle diets, it was time for a game.

“Do you all want to play?” Borchelt asked.“YEAHHHH!” the kindergartnersexclaimed. “Okay,” she continued. “Thegame we’re going to play will help explainfood chains.” “YAY!”

In the first game, half of the childrenwould play the parts of the box turtle foodchain. The rest of the class would repeatthe game with sea turtles, so that everyonewould have a chance to play. Kenney andBorchelt helped the children form a circleand draped a picture of a box turtlearound the neck of a boy named Jaquez.More pictures were handed out, representingworms, plants, water, soil, insects, spiders,and more turtles. Jaquez the turtle chose to eat a worm, so a string was stretchedbetween the turtle and the worm. Theworm decided to burrow in the soil, so thestring was extended to the child playingsoil, and eventually weaved back and forthacross the circle, connecting the plants,insects, water, and spiders.

When the string had connected every-one in the chain, Kenny directed the children’s attention to the lesson. “Let’slook at how connected you all are. Whatwill happen if I take someone out of there?What part of the chain should we takeout?” The children decided to take out thespiders and insects. All spiders and insectsdropped their strings, and the turtles hadlost a vital part of their world.

In the second game, Hahaie, in purpleheadband, purple ponytail holder, purplestriped shirt, and black and yellow cross-trainers, portrayed a sea turtle. Her classmates played more sea turtles and theirrelated food and habitat, including crabs,seaweed, ocean, and jellyfish.

When the first links in the sea turtlefood chain had been broken, Borchelt asked,“What happens to the turtles now?” Thekindergartners responded, “They can’t eat!”

The children returned to their seats onthe floor, cheering when told they couldkeep the critter pictures around theirnecks. A crab named Amelia scuttled, stillin character, to the piece of tape thatlabeled her seat on the floor. When askedwhat had happened to the turtles in thegame, she responded that turtles can’t

survive without food: “If the food is healthyto the turtle and he can’t eat it, that’s nothealthy.” Plastic bags are another problem,one of the boys noted with some prompting,because they can be mistaken for jellyfish.

“What are some other things that makelife hard for sea turtles?” Kenney asked.“Take ten seconds to put on your thinkingcaps.” Amelia raised her hand, but forgotwhat she had intended to say. Nicolo,remembering his work with turtle hatch-lings, explained that newborn turtles alwayswalk toward bright light, and that you haveto be careful about lights that are on whenturtles are hatching. He also had a recom-mendation for car drivers who encounternewly hatched turtles in their path: “Whenyou see a turtle while you’re driving in thecar,” he exclaimed, “Jump out of the carand tell the turtle to stop!” Or, Kenneygently offered, you can stop your car andlet the turtle keep going. Other sugges-tions: Don’t leave litter at the beach; packit out or put it in trash cans. Another student offered a more difficult plan, tofind seaweed and put it in the water for theturtles to eat. Borchelt nodded. “There are some ways we can help make sure thatturtles have food to eat.”

These types of discussion are one of Vanessa Jordan’s favorite parts of volunteering. “It’s really rewarding to seethe kids’ faces light up when they speakabout conservation,” she says. “They get veryexcited when they find out they can help.”

When the lesson, game, and discussionwere over, it was time for a big thank-youto Kenney and Borchelt. After hugs andgood-byes until next time, they returnedto the Duke campus and their coursework.

• • •For information about this and other projects ofthe DEL Community Outreach program,call 919-613-8082 or e-mail del@nicholas.duke.edu.

Jean Lynch MEM’06 was the Nicholas School Student Communications Assistant in 2004-2005

D E A N ’ S P A G E forumCommitting to a Trinity-Nicholas PartnershipNicholas School to Promote Undergraduate Understanding of Principles of Ecology and Earth Sciencesby William H. Schlesinger

I dabbled in natural history in high school,but it was during my formative undergraduateyears at Dartmouth that I discovered theexcitement of a career in environmental science. No doubt, working closely to analyze New England’s rain chemistry withmy undergraduate mentor, Bill Reiners,made a huge difference in my decision to goto graduate school in ecology. But I was inclasses with dozens of students who choseother careers. Where are they now?

Many students at Duke, like those atDartmouth, have an interest in ecology, but are unlikely to choose an environmentalfield as their primary life pursuit. Most ofmy classmates from 30 years ago are nowlawyers, doctors and investment managers,and I can only hope they carry some memoryof what we learned about the basic principlesunderlying the function of natural ecosystemsand our planet. Watching the political moodof the country with respect to the environ-ment, I fear that too few of our educated citizenship share that knowledge. For thesake of our planet, we must do better—atDuke, at Dartmouth, and at all colleges anduniversities across the nation—to educateour students about the environment.

Duke students will be leaders of the nextgeneration, and my fondest hope is that wecan populate the halls of the corporate andgovernment world with those who under-stand some of the basic principles of ecologyand earth science. At the Nicholas School,we are committed to undergraduate education. Since 1995, the school hasoffered several majors for students in TrinityCollege—currently an A.B. and a B.S. inenvironmental science and policy and anA.B. and B.S. in earth and ocean sciences.Each year, we teach about 800 undergradu-ates, roughly 12 percent of the students on campus. This is a good start, but we must domore to reach students across campus. Inour new strategic plan, we have undertaken a renewed commitment to undergraduate

teaching and outreach. We want to doubleour undergraduate enrollments during thenext few years.

One exciting new program for under-graduates is a Certificate in Energy and theEnvironment, to complement the similarcertificate we recently began to offer for ourprofessional degree (MEM) students. Manystudents realize that the competitionbetween finite energy resources and steadilyincreasing demand is among the most press-ing issues confronting our world, and thathow we exploit energy resources often hashuge impacts on our environment. Weexpect this certificate to be of interest notonly to our environment and earth sciencemajors, but also to undergraduates majoringin social sciences, such as public policy andeconomics, because the energy system is sopervasive in its impact. This exciting newfocal area within the Nicholas School wasmade possible by the vision of the Gendellfamily, whose generous gift will add new faculty positions in energy studies and support a host of teaching and outreachactivities. (See story, page 40.)

One of the great resources of theNicholas School and Duke University is theMarine Laboratory on the coast in Beaufort,N.C. The lab offers a year-round curriculumfor undergraduate and graduate students, aswell as a full range of research, residential,and teaching facilities, including theoceanographic ship, the R/V Cape Hatteras.Nowhere is the undergraduate experiencemore real than at the Marine Lab, wherestudents opt to spend a semester living,working, and studying in small, focusedgroups, and to gain hands-on researchexperience through studies of sea turtlereproduction or the mating systems of bluecrabs. Some laboratories are held at night,so that students can sample when the tidesare right and the seasons are best. In myyears as a faculty member in the BiologyDepartment, every undergraduate I advised

who went to the Marine Lab thought it wasthe best part of her undergraduate experience.While Marine Lab semesters are open to allundergraduates, regardless of major, we arecurrently working to strengthen this richopportunity for undergraduate engineeringstudents by offering a semester gearedtoward their particular interests and skills,including research projects involving the remotesensing and sonar tagging of marine life.

I am a big advocate of the class field trip,but unfortunately, given the rapid daily paceof life on campus, field trips have nearly disappeared from the curriculum of themodern university. A bonding between student and nature and lifelong friendshipsamongst students are forged by a long day inthe field and an evening by the campfire.Currently, geologists within the NicholasSchool offer popular field trips to Hawaii,Yellowstone, and Florida coral reefs. Inaddition, the school’s energy field trip during fall break brings students to the oilfields and refineries of Houston to see howthe nation’s energy is supplied. We want toextend such field experiences to include awider range of environmental sciences, andwe hope to compensate the faculty for theextra time that this activity requires.

Undergraduate teaching and outreachwill factor importantly in the new strategicplan for the Nicholas School. The generousgift from the Gendell family will play a keyrole in energizing our program, which cannow reach out to a wider population ofundergraduate students. Certainly, we’llneed additional new resources to expand ourundergraduate teaching and activitiesthroughout the school. But look to ourexciting new programs to ensure that ournation’s environment will be in the hands of future leaders well equipped to maintainits health.

William H. Schlesinger is dean of the Nicholas Schooland James B. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry

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Presentations and ConferencesRichard T. Di Giulio, professor of environmental toxicology and director,Duke Superfund Basic Research Center,co-presented “Mechanisms of InteractiveDevelopmental Toxicity of PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons in Zebrafish,” and “Synergistic Developmental Toxicity ofPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:Towards a Mechanistic Understanding,”with Duke colleague Elwood Linney, andothers, at the Conference on PhysiologicalResponses in Marine Organisms 13 inAlessandria, Italy, in June.

Michael Lavine, professor of statisticsand decision sciences, and M. SusanLozier, professor of physical oceanography,were invited to present their collaborativework, “Detecting Climate Change in theOcean,” at the Eighth Workshop on CaseStudies in Bayesian Statistics at CarnegieMellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., inSeptember.

Marie Lynn Miranda, associateresearch professor and director, Children’sEnvironmental Health Initiative, was oneof several area scientists to participate in atown meeting on Environmental andNeurodevelopmental Disorders Over theLifespan. The meeting, sponsored by theNational Institute of Environmental HealthSciences and held in Research TrianglePark, opened the 22nd InternationalNeurotoxicology Conference. Mirandapresented and discussed research on lead mapping.

A. Brad Murray, associate professor ofgeomorphology and coastal processes, gavean invited talk in April at the EuropeanGeosciences Union meeting in Vienna,Austria, “Bedform Pattern Evolution inTwo Horizontal Dimensions: Extreme

Wavelength Increases withMixed Grain Sizes.”

The Nicholas Schoolwas well represented at theJuly conference of CoastalZone 05, “Balancing onthe Edge,” held in New

Orleans, La. Attending were Michael K.Orbach, professor of the practice ofmarine affairs and policy and director,Duke University Marine Laboratory,

Daphne Pee, MEM’03; LindsayFullencamp, MEM’03; and Heidi RecksiekMEM/MPP’97. Pee chaired the symposium“Assessing Marine Protected Areas andNetworks,” and Recksiek chaired “SocialScience Methods for Marine ProtectedAreas: An Overview for MPA Managers and Staff.”

Daniel D. Richter Jr., professor ofsoils and forest ecology, attended the 2005Goldschmidt Conference on Geochemistryand Mineralogy in Moscow, Idaho, to givean invited talk, “Rhizosphere Iron-RedoxCycling: Electron Transfer Reactions thatDrive Mineral Weathering,” with NicholasSchool graduate Ryan L. Fimmen PhD’04and Bowdoin College professor DharniVasudevan.

James Salzman, professor of environ-mental law and policy, was the lunch speak-er at Rocky Mountain Mineral LawFoundation’s biennial institute for naturalresource law professors inSanta Fe, N.M. in June.He presented “CreatingMarkets for EcosystemServices.”

At a May workshop co-sponsored by StanfordUniversity, The Nature Conservancy andWorld Wildlife Fund, Salzman presented“Conservation Incentives that Work forPeople on the Land,” about the promiseand peril of ecosystem service payments.

William H. Schlesinger, James B.Duke Professor of biogeochemistry anddean of the Nicholas School, participatedin the NC Environmental Defense forum“Horizons 2100: A Vision for the Future.”The forum was held in three different loca-tions: Raleigh, Charlotte and Asheville,N.C., during April and May.

In March, Schlesinger testified in hear-ings before the N.C. Senate Agriculture,Environment and Natural ResourcesCommittee on the subject of global climatechange in North Carolina. Also in March,Schlesinger participated in the conference“One North Carolina Naturally,” held atthe Raleigh Conference and ConventionCenter.

Martin D. Smith, assistant professor ofenvironmental economics, had a busy

spring and summer on the conference circuit. In April, he presented “A SpatialBioeconomic Model of Nutrient Pollution”for the 3rd Workshop on Spatial-DynamicModels of Economics and Ecosystems heldat the Abdus Salam International Centrefor Theoretical Physics, in Trieste, Italy.Also that month, Smith and Stephen TothProfessor of Marine Biology Larry B.Crowder gave an invited presentation,“Valuing Ecosystem Services with FisheryRents: A Lumped-Parameter Approach toHypoxia in the Neuse River Estuary,” forthe National Science Foundation-Environmental Protection AgencyBiocomplexity Workshop in Santa Fe, N.M.Later in May, Smith and Crowder present-ed this work to the 2005 Forum of theNorth American Association of FisheriesEconomists in Vancouver, B.C., Canada,where Smith also made another presentationon “A Hierarchical Bayes Approach toDiscrete Choice Fisheries Modeling” withJ. Zhang MEM’03 et al.

In June, for the Association ofEnvironmental and Resource Economists2005 Workshop: Natural Resources atRisk, Smith presented “EcosystemPortfolios: A Finance-Based Approach toEcosystem Management,” at Grand TetonNational Park, Jackson, Wyo.Finally in July, Smith presented “BayesianBioeconomics of Marine Reserves” at theAmerican Agricultural EconomicsAssociation Annual Meeting in Providence,R.I.

Jonathan B. Wiener, professor of lawand of environmental policy, presented“Precaution in the U.S. and Europe” forthe conference Better Regulation: TheEuropean Union (EU) and theTransatlantic Dialogue. This conference,co-sponsored by the European PolicyCentre, the European Commission, andthe U.S. Mission to the EU, was held inBrussels, Belgium, in March.

In April, Wiener was at the Yale Schoolof Forestry and Environmental Studies inNew Haven, Conn., where he presented“Beyond Kyoto: Moving Climate ChangePolicy Forward,” and, in June, he gave thekeynote address, “Hormesis andRegulation,” to the Fourth Annual

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International Conference on Hormesis atUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst.

In PrintRecent publications by Nicholas Schoolfaculty or staffLori Snyder Bennear, assistant professorof environmental economics and policy• “Measuring Progress: Program Evaluation

of Environmental Policies,” Environment,2005 (lead author)

Lisa M. Cambpell, Rachel CarsonAssistant Professor of Marine Affairs and Policy • “Overcoming Obstacles to Interdisciplinary

Research,” Conservation Biology, 2005 James S. Clark, H.L. Blomquist Professorof Biology• “Fire Cycles in North American Interior

Grasslands and Their Relation to PrairieDrought,” Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, June 2005 (coauthor)

• “Hierarchical Bayes for Structured,Variable Populations: from RecaptureData to Life-History Prediction,” Ecology,2005 (lead author)

• “Implications of Seed Banking forRecruitment of Southern AppalachianWoody Species,” Ecology, 2005 (coauthor w/ M. Lavine et al)

Michael S. Coyne, research scientist• “Population Characteristics of Kemp’s

Ridley Sea Turtles in Nearshore Waters of the Upper Texas and LouisianaCoasts,” Chelonian Conservation and Biology,2005 (coauthor)

• “Predicted Sex Ratio of Juvenile Kemp’sRidley Sea Turtles Captured NearSteinhatchee, Florida,” Copeia, 2005(coauthor)

Kevin T. Craig, assistant research scientist• “Declining Threshold for Hypoxia in the

Gulf of Mexico,” Environmental Science &Technology, 2005 (coauthor w/ C.A. Stowand S.S. Qian)

Thomas Crowley, Nicholas Professor of Earth Systems Science• “Raising the Ante on the Climate

Debate,” EOS Forum, July 12, 2005Richard T. Di Giulio, professor of environmental toxicology, and director,Duke Superfund Basic Research Center• “Assessment of the Phototoxicity of

Weathered Alaska North Slope Crude Oilto Juvenile Pink Salmon,” Chemosphere,2005 (coauthor w/ M. Rau PhD’05 et al.)

• “Differential Display of Hepatic mRNAfrom Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)Inhabiting a Superfund Estuary,” AquaticToxicology, 2005 (coauthor w/ J.N. MeyerPhD’03, D.C. Volz, and J.H. Freedman)

• “A Non-Destructive Technique toMeasure Cytochrome P4501A EnzymeActivity in Living Embryos of theEstuarine Fish (Fundulus heteroclitus),”Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology, 2005 (coau-thor w/ D.M. Wassenberg PhD’05 et al.)

Patrick N. Halpin, Gabel AssociateProfessor of the Practice of GeospatialAnalysis• “Patterns of Watershed Urbanization and

Impacts on Water Quality 1,” Journal of theAmerican Water Resources Association, 2005(coauthor w/ M. V. Carle and C. A. Stow)

Gabriele Hegerl, associate research professor• “Warming the World’s Oceans,” Science,

July 8, 2005 (coauthor)David E. Hinton, Nicholas Professor ofEnvironmental Quality• “2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

(TCDD) Induces Organ-SpecificDifferential Gene Expression in MaleJapanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes),”

Toxicological Sciences, February2005 (coauthor w/ D. Volz, D.Bencic, S. Kullman et al.)• “Metabolic Change inJapanese Medaka (Oryziaslatipes) During

Embryogenesis and Hypoxia asDetermined by in Vivo31P NMR,”Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology, February 2005(coauthor)

K. David Hyrenbach, research scientist• “Do the Largest Reserves Protect Whales

or Whalers? Science, Jan. 28, 2005 (coauthor).

Robert B. Jackson, professor of environ-mental sciences and biology• “Ecohydrological Implications of Woody

Plant Encroachment,” Ecology, 2005(coauthor)

Gabriel G. Katul, professor of hydrologyand micrometeorology

• “Mechanistic Analytical Models for Long-Distance Seed Dispersal by Wind,” TheAmerican Naturalist, 2005 (lead author w/M. Siqueira PhD’02 et al.)

• “Assessing the Effects of AtmosphericStability on the Fine Structure of SurfaceLayer Turbulence Using Local andGlobal Multiscale Approaches,” Physics ofFluids, 2005 (coauthor w/ J.D. Albertson)

• “Foliage Shedding in Deciduous ForestsLifts up Long-Distance Seed Dispersal byWind,” Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, 2005 (coauthor)

• “Variability in Net Ecosystem Exchangefrom Hourly to Inter-Annual TimeScales at Adjacent Pine and HardwoodForests: a Wavelet Analysis,” Tree Physiology,2005, (coauthor w/ P.C. Stoy, M.B.Siqueira PhD’02, J. Juang, H.R.McCarthy, H. Kim, A. C. Oishi, and R.Oren)

• “Resampling Hierarchical Processes inthe Wavelet Domain: A Case Study UsingAtmospheric Turbulence,” Physica D,2005 (coauthor)

• “Photosynthetic Responses of a HumidGrassland Ecosystem to Future ClimatePerturbations,” Advances in Water Resources,2005 (coauthor)

Emily M. Klein, Lee Hill SnowdonProfessor of Geology• “Counter-Rotating Microplates at the

Galapagos Triple Junction,” Nature,February 2005 (lead author)

Randall A. Kramer, professor of resourceand environmental economics• “Do Migrants Degrade Coastal

Environments? Migration, NaturalResource Extraction, and Poverty inNorth Sulawesi, Indonesia.” HumanEcology, 2005 (coauthor)

M. Susan Lozier, professor of physical oceanography• “The Influence of

Topography on theStability of ShelfbreakFrontal Currents,”Journal of PhysicalOceanography, 2005 (lead author)

• “The Effect of Advection on the NutrientReservoir in the North AtlanticSubtropical Gyre,” Nature, Sept. 29,

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2005 (coauthor w/ Jaime Palter and R.T. Barber)

Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Duke ProfessorEmeritus of Geology• “Beach Awash with Politics,” Geotimes,

July 2005Stuart L. Pimm, Doris Duke Professor ofConservation Ecology• “Sustaining the Variety of Life,” Scientific

American, special issue, September 2005(w/ C. Jenkins)

Andrew J. Read, Rachel Carson Associate Professor of MarineConservation Biology,• “North Atlantic Right Whales in Crisis,”

Science, July 2005 (coauthor)• “Effects of Fine Scale Oceanographic

Features on the Distribution andMovements of Harbor Porpoises(Phocoena phocoena) in the Bay of Fundy,”Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005 (coauthorw/ D. Johnston and A. Westgate)

• “Effects of Fishing on Long-lived MarineOrganisms,” Marine Conservation Biology: The Science of Maintaining the Sea’s Biodiversity(chapter), 2005 (coauthor w/ L.B.Crowder et al.)

• “Prey Detection by Bottlenose Dolphins(Tursiops truncates): An Experimental Testof the Passive Listening Hypothesis,”Animal Behavior, 2005 (coauthor)

Kenneth H. Reckhow, professor of waterresources, and chair, Division ofEnvironmental Sciences and Policy• “Nonlinear Regression Modeling of

Nutrient Loads in Streams: A BayesianApproach,” Water Resource Research, 2005(coauthor)

Curtis J. Richardson,professor of resourceecology• “The Restoration

Potential of theMesopotamian Marshesof Iraq,” Science, February 2005 (leadauthor)

• “Spatial Variability of Soil Properties inCreated, Restored, and Paired NaturalWetlands,” Journal of the Soil Science Society ofAmerica, 2005 (coauthor w/ G. BrulandPhD’04)

James Salzman, professor of law andNicholas Institute professor of environmentalpolicy

• “Science in the Public Process ofEcosystem Management: Lessons fromHawaii, Southeast Asia, Africa and theU.S. Mainland,” Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 2005 (coauthor)

William H. Schlesinger, James B. DukeProfessor of Biogeochemistry and dean,Nicholas School• “Soil Carbon Sequestration and

Turnover in a Pine Forest After Six Yearsof Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment,”Ecology, 2005 (coauthor)

Martin D. Smith, assistant professor ofenvironmental economics• “State Dependence and Heterogeneity in

Fishing Location Choice,” Journal ofEnvironmental Economics and Management, 2005

John Terborgh, James B. Duke Professorof Environmental Science• “The Effects of Herbivore Density on

Soil Nutrients and Tree Growth inTropical Forest Fragments,” Ecology, 2005(coauthor w/ K. Feeley PhD’05)

Dean L. Urban, associate professor of landscape ecology• “Modeling Ecological Processes Across

Scales,” Ecology, 2005

Memberships, Appointments and AwardsRichard T. Di Giulio, professor of envi-ronmental toxicology, and director, DukeSuperfund Basic Research Center, hasassumed the role of director for DukeUniversity’s Center for the ComparativeBiology of Vulnerable Populations follow-ing the departure of its original director,Dr. David Schwartz. Schwartz left DukeUniversity Medical Center in May to directthe National Institute of EnvironmentalHealth and Safety (NIEHS) in ResearchTriangle Park, N.C. The center providessupport and pilot funding in three researchareas: neurobiology and neurodevelop-mental disease, pulmonary biology and dis-ease, and environmental health policy. Itmaintains four research support core facili-ties and a community outreach and educa-tion program. The center is comprised of37 investigators from the Nicholas School,the Duke University Medical Center,Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Law, and the University ofNorth Carolina.

Di Giulio also is a member of theCommittee on Assessment of the HealthImplications of Exposure to Dioxin, organ-ized by the National Research Council. Thecommittee, which began its work inOctober 2004, is reviewing the EPA’s riskassessment of dioxin and anticipates areport on its findings in December 2005.

He also has been a member of theComputational Toxicology Committee ofthe EPA’s Board of Scientific Counselorssince December 2004. This committeeprovides external oversight for EPA’snewest research center, the Center forComputational Toxicology.

Gabriele Hegerl, associate researchprofessor, Division of Earth and OceanSciences, was appointed to the scientificadvisory board for the Alfred WegenerCenter for Climate and Global Change, inMay. The WegCenter is an interdiscipli-nary, internationally oriented researchcenter of the University of Graz (UniGraz),Austria, started in December 2004. Itbrings together research teams and scien-tists from fields such as geophysics, clima-tology , economics, and geography, with anoverall aim to become a national and inter-national center of excellence for researchin the fields of climate and global change.

In March, Michael K. Orbach, pro-fessor of the practice of marine affairs andpolicy and director, Duke UniversityMarine Laboratory, accepted an award onbehalf of the Surfrider Foundation for theNOAA “NGO of the Year” at a ceremonyon Capitol Hill. In attendance were N.C.Congressman Walter B. Jones Jr. andNOAA representative Admiral ConradLautenbacker. Orbach is serving a secondterm as chairman of the Surfrider

Congressman Jones (left), Mike Orbach, and Admiral Lautenbacker.

F A C U L T Y & S T A F F N O T E S

Foundation’s Board of Directors. Thefoundation is an international environ-mental advocacy organization devoted tothe protection of beaches, waves and coastalwater quality around the world. NicholasSchool graduate Chad Nelsen, MEM’94, isits environmental director.

Grants Grants of $50,000 or more awarded tofaculty in the past six monthsBruce H. Corliss, professor of earth andocean sciences, Office of Naval Research,$133,902, “A Request for Funds forServices on R/V Cape Hatteras CY2005(Supplement).” Duration: March 2005-December 2005; National ScienceFoundation (NSF), $7,429,874, “ShipOperations: R/V Cape Hatteras.” Duration:2005-10.

Larry B. Crowder, Stephen TothProfessor of Marine Biology, Gordon andBetty Moore Foundation, $3,066,000,“Reversing Declines of Seabirds, SeaTurtles, and Marine Mammals.” Duration:2005-07; Oak Foundation, $140,349,Global Fellows in Marine Conservation.Duration: 2005-07.

Richard T. Di Giulio, professor ofenvironmental toxicology, and director,Duke Superfund Basic Research Center,National Institute of Environmental HealthSciences (NIEHS), $1,300,000, collaborativeresearch with J. Freedman and M. Miranda:“Developmental Effects of SuperfundHydrocarbon Mixtures in Fundulus heterocli-tus.” Duration: 2005-09.

David J. Erickson, adjunct professor ofcomputational biogeochemistry, NationalAeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), $87,790, “Constraining the CO2

Missing Sink.” Duration: 2005-08.Deborah Rigling Gallagher, visiting

assistant professor, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, $141,882, “The Impactof State Level Brownfields Program PublicParticipation Mechanisms onDisadvantaged Community Involvement inDecision-Making.” Duration: 2005-07.

Patrick N. Halpin, Gabel AssociateProfessor of the Practice of GeospatialAnalysis, Science ApplicationsInternational Corporation, $176,635,“Advancing Functionality and

Interoperability between the LMRIS andOBIS-SEAMAP Marine InformationSystems.” Duration: 2005-06.

Gabriele Hegerl, associate researchprofessor, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, $158,249,“Statistical Assessment of Uncertainty inPresent and Future North AmericanRainfall Extremes.” Duration: 2005-08.

K. David Hyrenbach, research scientist,Coastal Systems Science and PolicyDivision, subcontract from the Universityof Washington, $118,362, Bering SeaEcosystem Study. Duration: 2005-08.

Gabriel G. Katul, professor of hydrologyand micrometeorology subcontract fromIndiana University, $308,879, “Scaling up of Carbon Exchange Dynamics fromAmeriFlux Sites to a Super-Region in the Eastern United States.” Duration:2005-06.

M. Susan Lozier, professor of physicaloceanography and, director, undergraduatestudies, NSF, $375,348, Collaborativeresearch: “The Influence of theMediterranean Overflow Water on theClimate Variability of the North Atlantic.”Duration: 2005-09.

A. Brad Murray, associate professor ofgeomorphology and coastal processes, NSF,$1,200,000, collaborative research withM. Smith, M. Orbach, T. Crowley, and J.Ramus: “Coupling Human and NaturalInfluences on Coastline Evolution asClimate Changes.” Duration: 2005-2010;NSF, $107,062, Collaborative Research:“Coasts in Motion: Quantifying thePatterns of Coastal Change Using LIDAR.”Duration: 2005-08.

Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. DukeProfessor Emeritus of Geology,Educational Foundation of America,$60,000, continuing support for DukeProgram for the Study of DevelopedShorelines. Duration: 2005-07.

Andrew J. Read, Rachel CarsonAssociate Professor of Marine ConservationBiology, New England Aquarium,$94,904, “Reducing Conflicts BetweenFisheries and Protected Species in NorthCarolina.” Duration: 2004-05; N.C. SeaGrant, $94,262, “Behavior of GreenTurtles in Shallow Water Gill Net FishingGrounds.” Duration: 2005-06.

Kenneth H. Reckhow, professor ofwater resources and chair, Division ofEnvironmental Sciences and Policy, N.C.Department of Environment and NaturalResources, $747,794, “Development ofFecal Coliform TMDLs using BayesianModeling and Novel MolecularMonitoring Techniques.” Duration:2005-08.

James F. Reynolds,professor and director ofthe National Phytotron,subcontract from theUniversity of Georgia,$101,046, “UsingMicrobial IndicatorSpecies to Distinguish ShiftingContributions from Soil Organic.”Duration: 2005-06.

Curtis J. Richardson, professor ofresource ecology, N.C. Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources,$527,492, “Quantification of WaterQuality Improvement in Sandy Creek.”Duration: 2005-08.

Daniel Rittschof,associate professor ofzoology, Office of NavalResearch, $60,151,“Barnacles forAntifouling, Foul-Releaseand Adhesion Research.”Duration: 2005-06.

Dean L. Urban, associate professor oflandscape ecology, Doris Duke CharitableFoundation, $120,000, Doris DukeConservation Fellows Program, Duration:2005-07.

—Compiled by Donna Picard, Nicholas School communications assistant

dukenvironment 32

Talk to Meredith Wingate’s colleagues, and they’ll tell you thatshe’s smart. Creative. A quick thinker. Diplomatic. Enthusiastic.And, almost inevitably, they’ll say that she’s got energy.Inevitably, because the 1998 MEM works in the energy field.

Specifically, Wingate works in renewable energy policy asdirector of clean energy design and implementation at theCenter for Resource Solutions (CRS), a San Francisco nonprofit.Established in 1997, CRS operates across the United States andin countries like China, assisting local and regional governments,other nonprofits, and corporations (including utilities) as theyadopt programs for using renewable energy.

Wingate is involved in activities ranging from writing “bestpractice” handbooks for regulators to advising government officials who might be inadvertently writing rules that hinderprogress on the renewables front. But her main focus these daysis facilitating the creation of renewable trading markets acrossthe country.

“Traditionally, there have been physical barriers to renew-ables entering the market,” Wingate says. “If the wind is here,but the load is over there, what do you do? If you can generatewind power at night but the demand for power is in the daytime,how do you deal with this?”

How you deal with it is to create a market—somewhat like astock exchange—in which companies who create renewable energy can sell certificates to other companies or individuals whowant to offset their use of traditionally generated power.

Such trading of renewables has existed for at least a half-dozen years, assisted by the Center for Resource Solutions’Green-e program, a voluntary certification program that verifiesthat energy was created using renewable resources such as wind,solar, biomass, geothermal, or small hydro. Green-e, whichWingate directed from 1999 to 2002, is the standard the federalgovernment uses in its renewable energy procurement and wasthe standard used when Pacific Gas and Electric purchasedenough renewable energy certificates to offset all of SanFrancisco’s electricity use on United Nations WorldEnvironment Day on June 3.

What Wingate is doing now is helping regional renewablemarkets develop an infrastructure for third-party authenticationof trades. “It’s like the New York Stock Exchange,” says BradCrabtree, director of the Powering the Plains Project, an energyand agriculture policy program of the Great Plains Institute inMinneapolis, Minn. “If you buy 100 shares of IBM, you neverdoubt those shares exist. This implicit trust allows the market toflourish. We are trying to create this trust so that our renewablemarket can flourish.”

Wingate is providing technical expertise as Powering thePlains works with regional utilities to create the MidwestRenewable Energy Tracking System (MRETS). Currently, aworking group of stakeholders is creating the rules for tracking

i s A l lA b o u tE n e r g y

1998 Alum Helps Facilitate Markets for Renewables Like

Wind, Biomass and Solar

MeredithWingate

sightingsA L U M N I P R O F I L E

A L U M N I P R O F I L E

Meredith Wingate at work, around San Francisco and with her husband, Brad Drda, and their daughter, Madeline photos by Phil Schermeister

and authenticating renewable certificate transactions. Wingateadvises the group on issues from the large and complex—how doyou account for certificates when you have a company that gener-ates both renewable and fossil fuel energy—to the nitty gritty, likehow you generate the serial numbers for renewable certificates.

Wingate brings to the project a deep knowledge of what otherregions have done in similar situations, and Crabtree says that the MRETS project is ahead of schedule in part because she hasprevented them from reinventing the wheel, making mistakes thatothers had already made and solved.

“Only a handful of people in the country know as much as shedoes about renewable energy markets,” says Crabtree.

For two years, Wingate took this knowledge to China, where sheworked on a program for the Center for Resource Solutions thatassisted the Chinese equivalent of the Environmental ProtectionAgency in the development of renewable energy policies. She traveled to the country five times, staying for several weeks at atime, advising the Chinese on policies that support new renewabledevelopment and informing them of renewable successes and failures in other countries. It was “fascinating, interesting and alsogrueling,” Wingate says, recalling daily meetings that would start at8:30 a.m. and end with a formal banquet at 9 p.m. Although itwas a challenge dealing with people who had little experience with markets and pricing—because the Chinese government hashistorically set the price for everything—Wingate is cautiously optimistic on the subject of China and renewables, particularly in light of its recent passage of the landmark Chinese RenewableEnergy Promotion Law.

The arrival of daughter Madeline in 2004 brought Wingateback to the domestic renewable energy arena. She is married to Brad Drda, an expert with a San Francisco solid waste and recycling company, whom she met when she was in the same field.“Love at the dump,” she says jokingly.

She came to Duke after receiving her bachelor’s degree at theUniversity of Colorado and spending five years in the waste indus-try in San Francisco. Wingate reports that Duke supplied her withkey knowledge in international policy and climate change, and thatthe ability to distill a lot of information into a three-page paper isa Duke-taught skill that she uses continually.

One classmate who has stayed in touch remembers her as a“diplomatic and forceful” person who “doesn’t apologize for what she believes in.” Duke Forest Program Coordinator RichardBroadwell MEM’00 says, “She is fully invested in her beliefs as an environmentalist. She biked to school, she recycled and she composted.”

After receiving her Master of Environmental Managementdegree, she returned to the Bay Area and a job at San FranciscoRecycling and Disposal, then worked in air quality compliance forthe Port of Oakland before hiring on at the newly created Centerfor Resource Solutions. Jan Hamrin, the president and founder of

CRS, liked Wingate’s enthusiasm and her policy background, andbelieved that those qualities would serve her well as she learnedabout the energy field on the job. Hamrin says, “She has an innatepolicy sense that guides her, an ability to analyze issues and negotiate between different interest groups.”

For Wingate, it has been a revelation and a pleasure workingfor an organization in which the entire workforce has a vestedinterest in the outcome of their projects and a shared set of values.She bikes to work most days and loves the beauty, progressivenessand cultural diversity of San Francisco, although “the cost of livingis a challenge and public schools will be an issue.”

Now, Wingate plans to stay with energy. “It’s a fascinating field.It couldn’t be more timely. Renewable energy is such an importantelement of our environmental future.”

Lately, Wingate has been thinking a lot about the intersectionof the markets in renewable energy and in carbon. As large electricity users look to reduce their carbon footprint, many ofthem are interested in buying renewable energy certificates in partbecause of their carbon reduction value.

But, Wingate says, some rules are hampering this extension ofthe renewable market; for instance, in traditional cap-and-traderegimes, allowances are given to polluters. “If you’re a wind developer that brings 1,000 megawatts of new wind power online,”she says, “that’s 1,000 megawatts less that is needed from existingelectricity generators. Cap-and-trade programs are designed toreward polluters when emissions are reduced under the cap. Thisseems like a reasonable starting point, but in practice it rewards thepolluters for the emission reduction activities of clean energy generators—the coal plant gets surplus allowances it can sell but thewind plant gets nothing because it didn’t have allowances in thefirst place.” The federal sulfur dioxide trading program is set upthis way, and, Wingate says, “it’s an unfortunate precedent. We’retrying to get it right for carbon.”

There’s no reason to believe that they won’t “get it right” ifWingate is involved. After all, as her colleagues say, she’s smart.Creative. A quick thinker. Diplomatic. Enthusiastic. And she’s gotthe energy.

Lisa M. Dellwo is a freelance writer in Durham.

web sites to note

Center for Resource Solutionswww.resource-solutions.org

Green-e Renewable Electricity CertificationProgramwww.green-e.org

w w w.

dukenvironment 34

If you are asking for a raise without a promotion, keep in mindthat you are unlikely to garner more than 3 to 5 percent of yourcurrent salary. If you have taken on additional responsibilities,your job description may be completely outdated.

Think ahead and arrange a meeting with your supervisorprior to your annual review. Bring an updated job descriptionand a list of accomplishments to the meeting, along with a reasonable salary request. You can research salaries by looking atprofessional society statistics and job advertisements. Ask yourboss for a decision within 2 to 3 weeks, and never use ultimatums.

If your request is turned down, find out what you need to doto get a raise in the future. You may need to add some skills toyour portfolio or network more within the organization so thatyour work is more visible. If you decide to search for another job,keep in mind that you should evaluate the total compensationpackage—including medical benefits, retirement plan, onsitehealth club or day care. Your current position may be offeringyou more value than you realize.

Kirchof recommends the book Dynamite Salary Negotiations by Ron and CarylKrannich, PhDs. And as always, feel free to contact the Office of Career Servicesfor advice, at 919-613-8016.

Career Matters

Asking for a RaiseQ. I’ve been working the same mid-level job for four years. My responsibilities have grown, but I’m getting only cost-of-living raises.It’s becoming harder to live on what I’m making. Any advice?

A. First, a caution, says Karen Kirchof, assistant dean for career services.When requesting a raise, never bring your financial needs to the table.Employers reward you for the value you bring to the organization, notbecause you need a new car. Document the activities that have earnedyou a raise: developing new business, clients or partnerships, streamlin-ing processes in a way that saves the organization time or money,securing increased project funding.Your organization also may value the visibility it receives when you chair a professional society or board orwrite a newspaper column.

Class Notes Gerry Hertel MF’68 is now with theBiology Department at theUniversity of West Chester inPennsylvania as a forest ecologistand entomologist. Even after retir-ing from the U.S. Forest Service in2001, Gerry is still working withthem as a volunteer. In the summerof 2004, he was part of a ForestService team that went to Armenia, at that government’srequest, to evaluate insect and disease problems in the forestedregions there and to offer recommendations for solutions.

Scott Jones MF’81 is going to be a very busy man this year.Scott’s Boston-based company, Forest Capital Partners, recently acquired 2.2 million acres of timberland from BoiseCascade. Adhering to a strong sense of corporate responsibilityand environmental stewardship, Forest Capital Partners has “a deep commitment to the land, the environment, and thecommunities in which we live and operate.”

Tom Goss MF’82 is working full-time at Kingston MaurwardCollege in Dorchester, Dorset, England, where he teachesEcology and Conservation, Tree and Woodland Management,Ecology of Trees, Forests and Woodlands and ResearchMethods. Recently the library was clearing out some old stock,and he was able to purchase a copy of Elementary Forestry, co-authored by former Duke professor Fred White, for only 20p(40 cents)! Tom’s wife, Catherine, is a primary school teacher,and they have three children, Robert, 15, Harry,13 and Juliet, 9.

Randy Mayes MEM’82 recently published a book examining thephenomenal success of Kenyan runners, The Cybernetics of KenyanRunning: Hurry, Hurry Has No Blessing. Randy asserts that peak per-formance requires unique biological, cultural and psychologicalfactors. He argues that, at this juncture in history, Kenyanshave the necessary components required to excel in professionalrunning. Randy is an athlete manager, writer, researcher andsports marketing consultant in North Carolina.

Craige Murray MF’82 is vice president for global manufacturingand sourcing at Tubular Textile Machinery in Lexington, Ky.He enjoys his work and also loves getting in the woods wheneverpossible.

Kim Williams MF’86 sends word that her new position as totalquality manager with Boise Packaging in Wallula, Wash., isgoing well. “Lots to learn, but I’m really enjoying the peopleand the change.”

C L A S S N O T E S sightings

Gerard D. Hertel,West ChesterUniversity, www.forestryimages.org

Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 was named Tar Heel of the Week by the Raleigh News & Observer, which featured herwork as manager of the Durham Farmers’ Market in an Aug. 7, 2005, article. Gibbs is credited with therapid growth of the 7-year-old market and cites her education at Duke for “planting the seeds for her deepcommitment to sustainable agriculture.” A passionate advocate of buying locally and sustainably grown food,Gibbs juggles her farmer’s market work with her new job as educational programs coordinator for theCarolina Farm Stewardship Association. “Luckily, the two jobs mesh well most of the time,” she reports.

She urges current and former Nicholas School students to take notice of the connection between agriculture and environmental stewardship. “Our agricultural practices have an enormous impact on theenvironment,” Gibbs says. “Food is not something that we can choose to do without, like we can give upsmoking or not buy excess stuff. But agriculture needs to provide sufficient food for the population withoutdestroying the land that the food is being taken from. That seems like such an obvious thing.”

Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 Named Tar Heel of the Week

Bruce Bandorick MEM’90 formed Thunder Basin EnvironmentalConsulting Inc. (TBEC) in 1993 and provided environmentalcompliance services to the oil and gas industry of Wyoming and the Rocky Mountain Region. In 2000, Bruce moved TBEC toBuffalo, Wyo., to be closer to the coal-bed methane (CBM) production fields. TBEC and associates have perfected and patented a new method for treatment of CBM discharge water to remove barium and reduce alkalinity and bicarbonate. Brucepresented the CleanSweep-barium invention to the StrategicResearch Institute’s Fifth Annual Conference. TBEC’s Web site isat www.tbeconline.com.

Matthew Durnin MEM’90 received his doctorate from the University ofCalifornia-Berkeley in wildlandresource science, with a concentrationin wildlife ecology in 2004. He and his wife, Stephanie Hallford, havereturned to China, where Matt hasstudied wild giant pandas for manyyears, so Matt can work with theCalifornia Academy of Science as theirmammalogist on a project in the Gaoligongshan area of YunnanProvince.

Katie Peichel ML’90 is an assistant member of the Division ofHuman Biology at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center inSeattle, Wash. Katie recently developed an innovative model systemfor her studies of human genetics, the stickleback fish. The stickle-back model helps address one of the big challenges for diseaseresearch: how to sift through volumes of human genetic differ-ences to identify genes that define particular traits, such as susceptibility to cancer and other diseases.

Jeff Corser MEM’91 left Tennessee to work for the New YorkNatural Heritage Program as a zoologist. Based in Albany, thisorganization combines thorough field inventories, scientific analyses,expert interpretation and the most comprehensive database on NewYork’s distinctive biodiversity to deliver the highest quality infor-mation for natural resources planning, protection, and management.

Brent Fewell MEM’91 has been appointed as deputy assistantadministrator for water at the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. Brent has been serving as senior adviser since September2004 when he joined the agency. Brent currently resides inPotomac, Md., with his wife and their two daughters.

The Forest Landowners Association announced the selection ofGuy T. Vise III MF’91 as the recipient of its 2005 Young ForestLandowner of the Year Award. The award is given annually to ayoung landowner who has made significant contributions to his orher generation’s understanding and appreciation of forestry andland ownership.

Michael Deane MEM’92 was named director of government affairsfor Monteco Holdings Ltd. and its affiliate, the StormceptorGroup, in March. In this capacity, Michael has opened aWashington, D.C., office for Monteco, a Toronto-based holdingcompany specializing in identifying and nurturing innovativeearly-growth stage engineering technologies and manufacturingbusinesses. Stormceptor is a state-of-the-art system for the inter-ception and storage of urban pollutants from storm water flows.

Rikki Grober-Dunsmore MEM’92 accepted the position of nation’secologist for the National Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Center,tasked with designing a network of marine protected areas for thenation. The MPA Center’s mission is to facilitate the effective useof science, technology, training, and information in the planning,management, and evaluation of the nation’s system of marine protected areas.

Wallace “J.” Nichols MEM’92, director of the Blue OceanInstitute’s Pacific Ocean Region, oversees Blue Ocean Institute’sSafeSeas Program, which is focused on making the oceans safe formigratory species like sea turtles, sea birds and marine mammals.J. also is spearheading the Ocean Revolution, a program thatinspires and networks the next generation of ocean conservationleaders. His work was featured in the cover story of the Nov. 5 edition of Time for Kids magazine. The story, “Turning the Tide forSea Turtles,” examined a program in Mexico that is succeeding inincreasing the population of olive ridley sea turtles.

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photo by Chris Seward, The News & Observer

C L A S S N O T E S sightings

dukenvironment 36

Karen (Hopkins) Young MEM’93 andher husband, Michael, welcomedtheir first child, Macy, into the worldon Feb. 25, 2005. Karen is thedirector of the Casco Bay EstuaryProject, one of the 28 U.S. EPANational Estuary Programs nation-wide, in Portland, Maine.

Jim Blose MEM’94 has relocated from Durham to Asheville, N.C.Jim is now working for Equinox Environmental Consultation and Design Inc., which facilitates resource conservation and sustainable development by servicing private, public and nonprofitinterests with quality environmental planning and design.

Michael Andreu MF’95 testified in support of a bill to garner legislative support for the research efforts of the Forest Systemsand Bio-Energy (FSB) program. The bill was introduced to theWashington State Senate Natural Resources, Ocean & RecreationCommittee in February 2005. Michael is currently a PhD candi-date at the College of Forest Resources, University of Washington.

Alumni Council member Michael W. Pentony E’87, MEM’96was a recipient of a 2004 National Oceanic & AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA) Honor Award. He was recognized, alongwith a co-winner, for devising solutions to the unique challengesassociated with the development and implementation of the SkateFishery Management Plan. Mike is a senior fishery policy analyst atthe Sustainable Fisheries Division-Northeast Regulatory Office forNOAA in Gloucester, Mass.

Norio Saito MEM’96 has returned to Tokyo, Japan, to work forJapan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) after beingposted at Bangkok, Thailand, for three years as a representative atJBIC Bangkok Office. His current position is deputy director,Division 2 of Development Assistance Department I, which isresponsible for development assistance to Indonesia. Norio says

that Indonesia still needs assistance in various fields, from bettergovernance and human resource development to better infrastruc-ture and recovery from the tsunami, so he makes frequent businesstrips to Indonesia. He also shares another piece of news: his wife,Yuki, and he had their first baby girl, Saki, in October 2004.

Michael Dunn MEM’97 and his wife, Theresa Skowron Dunn,announce the birth of their daughter, Mary Michael CeciliaDunn, on April 28, 2005. Mary Michael is their first child.Michael is a senior environmental manager for the IndianaDepartment of Environmental Management.

After having received his PhD from the University of RhodeIsland, Jeff Hollister MEM’97 has taken a position with theNational Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) inWashington, D.C. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation,NEON enables studies on major environmental challenges atregional to continental scales. Scientists and engineers will useNEON to conduct real-time ecological studies spanning all levelsof biological organization and temporal and geographical scales.

Rosana Abedin MEM’98 has taken a position with Booz Allen &Hamilton Inc. in McLean, Va. The global strategy and technologyconsulting firm provides services to major international corpora-tions and government clients around the world.

Jim Reilly MEM’98, most recently legislative adviser on environ-ment and energy matters for Sen. Thomas Carper, D-Del., hasnot only moved off Capitol Hill, he’s working for another country. Jim is now senior energy and environment adviser at theBritish Embassy in Washington. “The focus currently is on climatechange, but there’s a long list of issues that the two governmentswill be talking about,” he says. A Wilmington, Del., native, Jim wasformerly an aide to the Senate Commerce Oceans and FisheriesSubcommittee.

Scott Babcock MEM’99 and his wife, Kelly, are the proud parentsof a baby daughter, Claire Jessica, born Jan. 3, 2005.

We’d love to see you again at theNicholas School! The DukeEnvironmental Leadership (DEL)Program of the Nicholas School pro-vides unique opportunities for envi-ronmental professionals to hone theirenvironmental management skills,network with others in the field andstay on top of new developments.

Opportunities are available throughboth our Continuing and ExecutiveEducation Program and the DEL-Master of EnvironmentalManagement degree program. TheDEL-MEM is a great choice for work-ing environmental professionals whowant to continue to work while pur-suing a degree from Duke University.

It ’s Time for a Homecoming

Jon Gelbard MEM’99 has established Conservation Value, a not-for-profit, nonpartisan organization to increase public awarenessof and access to practical environmental solutions. Through itsWeb site at www.conservationvalue.org, the organization will con-nect people, companies and government officials with informationabout steps that they can take to improve their finances, health andquality of life while also benefiting the environment.

Noriko Shoji MEM’99 has been named as coordinator for NOAA’sPacific Islands Region, based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Pacific IslandsRegion (PIR) supports Hawaii and the U.S.- affiliated Pacific Islands.One of the most important functions of PIR is to maintain effectivecommunications and coordinate closely in the many related programsthat the NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center andPIR share in this geographical area.

Kevin Wheeler MEM’99 has moved to Providence, R.I., where heis now working for Brown University as director of federal affairsin the Public Affairs and University Relations Office.

Xavier Grau MEM’00 has accepted a position with Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank. Xavier will be working in the Bank’s Guyanaoffice for the next three years. The IDB is the main source of multilateral financing for economic, social and institutional development projects as well as trade and regional integration programs in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Shane Staten MEM’01 recently started working as an environ-mental scientist and wetland biologist for Terra Technologies Inc.,in St. Louis, Mo. The company specializes in using biotechnicalengineering solutions for erosion control and stream stabilityproblems. Shane is providing assistance on environmental permit-ting projects including wetland assessments and delineations,stream system jurisdictional assessments, and construction over-sight on bioengineering and wetland restoration projects.

Bonnie Millar MEM’02 has accepted the position of planning andstewardship coordinator with the Carolina Mountain LandConservancy in Hendersonville, N.C. Bonnie will monitor all ofthe Conservancy’s protected properties and prepare conservationplans for the Upper Broad River and French Broad River headwaters.

John Terborgh MEM’02 is an ecotourism specialist for The NatureConservancy in its Arlington, Va., office. John works with organizations, communities, the private sector and protected areamanagers around the world to advance tourism that minimizesenvironmental impacts, incorporates ecologically sensitive archi-tecture and land use design, and offers local people opportunitiesfor compatible economic development.

Mike Dechter MEM’03 has moved from Washington, D.C. to New Mexico to work as a National Environmental Policy Act coordinator for the Forest Service on the Santa Fe National Forest.The Santa Fe National Forest covers 1.6 million acres in the heartof north-central New Mexico that includes a dormant volcano witha 15-mile-wide crater (Valles Caldera National Preserve).

C L A S S N O T E S

Upcoming Short CoursesImplementation of the NationalEnvironmental Policy ActDec. 5–9, 2005 Register by Nov. 10

Environmental Communication for BehaviorChange - ONLINEJan. 17 – Feb. 24, 2006 Register by Dec. 23

Accomplishing Community EnvironmentalGoals on Capitol Hill*April 10-12, 2006 Register by March 20

The Law of NEPAMay 17-19, 2006 Register by April 25

Certificate in the National Environmental Policy ActEnvironmental professionals can earn a Certificate inNEPA from Duke University by successfully completing aseries of required and elective courses and a briefresearch assignment. Duke’s NEPA courses and CertificateProgram are co-sponsored by the Council onEnvironmental Quality, Executive Office of the President.

Nicholas School alumni receive a 10 percent discount onall short courses.

For more information on upcoming short

courses, our NEPA Certificate Program,

DEL-MEM, and other new and exciting

programs, please visit our Web site at

www.nicholas.duke.edu/del

or call 919-613-8082.

This April, Heather Jacobs MEM’00 spent two weeks paddlingthe length of the Tar River by canoe in order to increase publicawareness of the river’s importance to eastern North Carolina.Jacobs, the Pamlico-Tar Riverkeeper since 2003, traveled the 140miles with Kevin DeBruhl, a Sierra Club member from RockyMount. Along the way, they organized educational programs andtrash pickups. On the last leg of the trip, a flotilla of 40 canoesand kayaks joined Jacobs and DeBruhl, traveling to Washington,N.C., where the first Festival for Clean Water was held to coincidewith their arrival. The Paddle for Clean Water was widely reportedin the regional media and may become an annual event. Heatheris employed by the Pamlico-Tar River Foundation, a local nonprofit organization whose mission is to protect and improvethe Tar-Pamlico river, its estuaries and watershed.

Heather Jacobs, MEM’00, Paddles the Tar River

*Special 25 percent discount available for earlyregistrants from nonprofits and municipal governments, and for students and Duke alumni!

dukenvironment 38

Julie Bloss Kelsey MEM ‘03 and her husband, John, are pleased toannounce the arrival of Michael Joseph Kelsey. Michael was bornon April 7, 2005 (his Daddy’s birthday) and joins big brotherMark, 4. The family resides in Germantown, Md.

David Kaplan MEM’04 is working with the Charles RiverWatershed Association in Waltham, Mass. One of the country’sfirst watershed organizations, CRWA was formed in 1965 inresponse to public concern about the declining condition of theCharles. Initiatives over the last three decades have dramaticallyimproved the quality of water in the watershed.

Dylan Fuge MEM/JD’05 has accepted an associate’s position withthe law firm of Robinson & Cole LLP in Hartford, Conn.

Andy Hecht MEM/JD’05 and his wife, Ashley G’02, and son,Errol, are moving to New York where Andy will join the law firmof Simpson Thacher & Bartlett as an associate.

Johanna Jobin MEM’05, EE Certificate’05 is working as a management consultant for Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. in Cambridge, Mass. CDM is a consulting, engineering, construction, and operations firm delivering service to public andprivate clients worldwide since 1947.

PRIZIM Inc. selected Alexis Kingham MEM/MF’05 as senior environmental researcher in their Maryland office. PRIZIM is amanagement consulting firm specializing in long- and short-termenvironmental, health, safety and energy issue solutions for itsclients.

Liv Kirk MEM’05, EE Certificate’05, was chosen by GeneralElectric Co. as a leadership fellow and began work in the company’s Schenactady, N.Y., headquarters in September 2005.

Kelly Kunert MEM’05 has accepted a position with the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, D.C., as anenvironmental protection specialist.

John Peng MEM’05 and his wife, Eunice, are relocating toMichigan where John will be working for the Ford Motor Co.

Erin Seiling MEM’05 has been selected as the 2005–2006 ScienceCommunications Fellow for NorthCarolina Sea Grant. In the one-yearfellowship, Erin will develop com-munications products for the N.C.Fishery Resources Grant Programand the N.C. Blue Crab ResearchProgram.

Environmental Services, Inc. has engaged Hillary (Geiser) SherrillMEM’05 as a field scientist. Hillary and husband, Joshua Sherrill,are living in Fernandina Beach, Fla.

Jeff Smith MEM’05 is with the National Marine Fisheries Servicein Silver Spring, Md. He is working in the Office of HabitatConservation, which interacts with the NOAA Fisheries RegionalOffices, to manage, conserve and enhance habitats for fisheryresources, protected species and other living marine resources.

Adam Spiller MEM’05 and wife, Marie, are staying in the ResearchTriangle. Adam is working for KCI Technologies Inc., as an environmental scientist in Raleigh.

Anna Stark MEM’05 has joined Booz Allen Hamilton as a consultant.

Another alumna at the EPA is Katie Wolff MEM’05. Katie is working in the Office of Water as an intern.

Deaths W. N. “Hank” Haynes MF’49, on Feb. 17. Edward Earl Jones, T’49, MF’50, on March 24. John R. Warner T’46, MF’49, PhD’53, 83, on March 31. George L. Follett Sr. MF’51, on July 11. John A. Haislet MF’51, on May 24. Edward Polaski Jr. MF’69, on Feb. 18.Walter Daryn Watkins T’93, on March 4.Stanley Martin Boyer MEM/MBA’99, on April 27.Jean Lauer MEM’00, on March 28, after a six-and-a-half-yearbattle with brain cancer. If you would like to send a note to herparents, contact fellow alumna Kim Goodman atkgoodman@tetontel.com for their address.

What’s Your News?New job? New baby? Professional honor? Recent wedding? Your classmates

want to know! Send your news (and photos) to:

Jeanine Holland

Associate Director of Development for Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs

Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences

Duke University • Box 90328 • Durham, NC 27708-0328

Fax: 919-613-8077 • E-mail: jholland@duke.edu

C L A S S N O T E S sightings

Jeanine Holland to Manage the Nicholas School’s Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs

Jeanine Holland has joined the NicholasSchool as associate director of developmentfor alumni affairs and outreach programs.She will plan and manage events for alumniand other school friends, such as Field Dayand Nicholas Experience trips for gift clubmembers. Additionally, she will manage theAlumni Council and oversee the alumniawards nomination process. Holland plansto keep alumni connected to the NicholasSchool through these activities and by fos-tering networking between alumni and current students.

Before joining the Nicholas School, Holland was assistantdirector for development and reunions at the Duke Law School andprogram coordinator for Perkins Library. Holland replaced KristaBofill, who is now associate director of development for leadershipgifts and the annual fund.

Charlotte Clark Receives Charles A. Dukes Award

Charlotte Reeves Clark T’79, MEM ’83, was presented the 2005Charles A. Dukes Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service toDuke University by President Richard H. Brodhead at theVolunteer Leadership Conference this fall. The award annuallyrecognizes devoted volunteers who continually strive to promotethe Duke tradition of excellence to its students, alumni and thecommunity beyond.

Clark has volunteered and assumed leadership roles on severalDuke committees, including the Women’s Athletic ScholarshipCommittee, the School of the Environment Alumni Council, theAnnual Fund Reunion Leadership Committee, and, for five con-secutive years, the Duke Alumni Association Board of Directors.

Director of Alumni Admissions Carole LeVine says, “Charlotteis the type of alum that makes you proud to be associated with Duke.She is ‘True Blue’ and is willing to serve Duke in just about any way.”

Following nearly 20 years in the work force after receiving herdegree, first conducting air pollution regulatory work for the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, then as the director of theNicholas School’s former Office of Continuing and ExecutiveEducation—Clark is once again back in school. She is in her thirdyear as a full-time doctoral candidate in the Nicholas School’sEnvironmental Sciences and Policy division researching environ-mental education as it pertains to decision-making by the generalpublic on issues of environmentally related behavior.

Between her volunteer activities, her work and student experience, she has been involved in many facets of the university,particularly regarding outreach and public education.

Her adviser, Norman L. Christensen, professor of ecologyand founding dean of the Nicholas School, says, “There is no person I know more committed to Duke and the Nicholas School.”

‘Home’ Renovations Complete

Nicholas School alumni have a newly renovated home page of your own!• submit and read class notes• update your contact information• read up on alumni and faculty news• find schedules for Field Day and other events• purchase Nicholas School merchandise• respond to alumni-only survey questions

Check out your new home page at www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/alumni.

C L A S S N O T E S

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dukenvironment 40

by Laura Ertel

“Take a look around you and see howimportant energy is in our environment.”

Jeffrey Gendell did just that, and inMay it led him and his wife, Martha, tomake a $2.15 million gift to support anexpanded curriculum in energy studies atthe Nicholas School.

The gift will total $2.9 million whenmatching funds are included, and will sup-port two new full-time faculty positions inthe school’s Energy and Environment pro-gram. It also will endow initiatives includ-ing an energy research fund, a speakers’series, a visiting executives program and ageneral fund to support energy innovation.

“Energy is one of the most complex andimportant issues influencing the future ofthe environment,” Gendell says. “Energyissues have been facing our society for thelast 20 years, and it’s going to take a lot oftime and effort to figure out how to solvethis problem—it won’t be solved overnight.The most important thing is to put togethera program that really contributes to bothteaching students and solving the problems.”

Jeff Gendell first became involved withthe Nicholas School as plans were underway for a Nicholas Leadership Forum onenergy in March 2004, “Creating aSustainable Energy Future,” brought

together more than 300 leaders fromindustry, government, academia and nonprofit agencies to discuss the future of hydrocarbon-based energy. He servedon the forum’s advisory committee andhelped recruit several of the corporate participants.

Using the success of the forum as aspringboard, the Nicholas School launcheda Certificate in Energy and Environmentin fall 2004 that enabled graduate studentsin the Master of Environmental Management(MEM) and Master of Forestry (MF) programs to take a series of courses thatgave them special expertise in the subject.Eight students earned a certificate in May2005 (see related story, page 41); severalmore took classes in the program. Thisyear, a dozen students are working toward a certificate.

A new concentration; a broad understanding Work is under way to make the program a full-fledged Energy and Environmentconcentration in the graduate professionalprogram—making it the eighth track available to MEM students at Duke—and to extend it to undergraduates. The concentration will give students a broadunderstanding of the science and technologyof energy, the environmental impacts ofenergy, and the economic, policy and legal

structures that govern the way we use andcreate energy. Classes will cover topics suchas supply and demand for energy in themodern world; resource options, fromconventional fuels to renewable and alternative energy sources; environmentalimpacts of different forms of energy; and the design of optimal policies and regulations to protect the environmentwhile supplying energy to society.

While a number of other universitiesoffer advanced degrees in energy, the graduates of those programs by and largepursue technical or academic careers. Bycontrast, the Nicholas School’s programaims to prepare students to become leadersand innovators in industry, governmentand nonprofit agencies with an interest in energy.

The new concentration will tap intofaculty expertise at the Nicholas School, theNicholas Institute for Environmental PolicySolutions and across Duke’s campus toprovide students with an intensive two-yearcourse of interdisciplinary study with apractical, real-world perspective. TheEnergy and Environment Program has thepotential to become the most interdiscipli-nary of the concentrations offered to MEMand MF students, encompassing physicalscience, economics and policy, and reach-ing out to the Duke Law School, the Fuqua

G I V I N G N E W S nature& nurture

environmental educationGendell Gift Sparks Expanded Energy and Environment Program—One of the Nation’s First to Approach Energy from a Multidisciplinary Perspective

energizing

G I V I N G N E W S

From the popularity of an original short course on energy and the environment, to a seminar on clean electricity from sustainable energy technologies, student interest has been the driving force behind the creation of the Nicholas School Energyand Environment Program.

Recently, two of the first graduates of the Energy andEnvironment Certificate Program shared their thoughts on theimportance of this program and its value as they launch their careers.

• • •Lena Hansen MEM’05 was the first student to earn an Energy

and Environment Certificate to complement her Master ofEnvironment Management concentration in environmental economics and policy. She was a key organizer of the NicholasLeadership Forum “Creating a Sustainable Energy Future,” theMarch 2004 event that kicked off the creation of the Energy andEnvironment program, and created a seminar on renewable energy.

“I came into the Nicholas School planning to do urban designand smart growth,” she says. “My first semester, I took an air

quality class that touched on energy issues, and it piqued my interest. Then I had the opportunity to take Simon Rich’s class. Itwas fantastic, particularly because the teacher was a practitioner inthe field and had a lot of real world experience, so he could makethe problems much more real.”

(Simon Rich, Nicholas School Board of Visitors chair and aformer energy executive, started the course in Spring 2003. SeeDukenvironment story at www.nicholas.duke.edu/dukenvironment/sp03/log-ceo.html.)

By the time she had helped design the energy forum, Hansen’s interest in a career in the energy field was cemented.“Energy is such a huge, pervasive problem. It’s very multidisciplinary,and very few schools have tackled it from a multidisciplinary perspective. Duke is one of the first to do that, and that’s reallyexciting. Because of the nature of the Nicholas School and theresources available across the Duke campus in business, law, policy and engineering, this school really is well placed to addressthis issue.”

School of Business, the Terry SanfordInstitute of Public Policy and the PrattSchool of Engineering. For undergraduates,efforts have begun to create 100—levelcourses in energy and to develop a formalacademic track focusing on energy and the environment.

Gendell, who graduated from DukeUniversity with a degree in economics in1981, is a general partner of TontineAssociates LLC, an investment firm basedin Greenwich, Conn. He and his wife havemade gifts to the university for years—among them, the modems that enable students camping in Krzyzewskiville (thetent village that pops up for weeks beforeeach big Blue Devil basketball game) to stay connected to their schoolwork—but hewas looking for an opportunity to make a bigger impact.

“We tend to donate things to peoplewhere there’s not a natural constituency to donate,” he says. “For example, manyMaster of the Environment Managementdegree graduates don’t make enoughmoney to give large gifts to the school.Plus, while many law and business schoolsdraw corporations to interview and talkwith students and provide financial support, environmental programs have amore difficult time, because they inherentlyare advocates, and they kind of scare

away corporations.”In these challenges, Gendell saw an

opportunity.

‘Attack energy from all sides’“I think it’s very important that you look at energy from the environmental angle,”he says. “A lot of other schools approachenergy from the perspective of environ-mental engineers or petroleum engineers,which is very applicable and important.Business schools and law schools approachenergy from their angles. But very fewplaces attack energy from all sides, and Ithink one thing that’s missing in this country is that people aren’t looking atenvironmental issues from all sides. TheNicholas School has the opportunity tocreate a forum where students can get awell-rounded view of energy and the environment.

“Supporting an initiative such as theNicholas School’s Energy and EnvironmentProgram will help foster future leadershipand innovation to meet these challenges bytraining students to think broadly andstrategically about energy policy, manage-ment and research,” he continues. “Assomeone who studies the energy industryfor a living, I am acutely aware of the profound challenges society faces in findingsafe, reliable sources of energy for the future.”

The Gendells’ gift will support two full-time faculty positions: the Gendell FamilyProfessorship, to recruit an establishedexpert in the energy field to help quicklytake the program to the next level, and theGendell Family Associate Professorship, foran up-and-coming junior faculty memberin the field. It also will lay the foundationfor endowment funds to support energyresearch, the speakers’ series, a visitingexecutives program, and energy innovationprojects by faculty and students.

“The speakers’ series is a great way foralumni and others in the energy field to getinvolved, to volunteer to come in and talkto students about current topics in theenvironment, about their career paths, andto share their perspective. The most impor-tant thing we need to do now is to get students involved in this program on boththe graduate and undergraduate level, andthe best way to do that is to show them whatwe can offer them.”

Gendell is particularly excited about the potential to bring this perspective to Duke undergraduates in the future.“Undergraduates will be able to come out of this program, then go out and getprofessional degrees in law, engineering,business and public policy so they can applytheir environmental expertise to a specificarea, he said.”

Energy and Environment Experience Boosts Students’ Careers

G I V I N G N E W S nature& nurture

Hansen now works at the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), anonprofit organization based in Snowmass, Colo., that conductsresearch and consulting projects on sustainability issues. Sheinterned in RMI’s Hawaii office last year as part of the StanbackInternship Program, then joined the energy team in Snowmassafter graduating. Hansen’s main focus is on electric utility policyand helping companies understand how to integrate renewableenergy into their systems. Last year, she helped RMI write a book,Winning the Oil End Game, on how the United States can profitablysubstantially decrease or eliminate its consumption of oil in thenext 20 years.

• • •Scott Weaver completed the Energy and Environment

Certificate Program with the program’s first class in May 2005,also graduating with an MEM with a concentration in environ-mental economics and policy.

“I always saw myself working in an industry such as energy, and I had a particular interest in the environmental side of energyproduction,” he says. “When the certificate program came up, Ithought it was a good opportunity for me to get some backgroundand have something on my resume related to the energy sector.Last summer, I interned as a strategic policy analyst at AmericanElectric Power (AEP), and I found that the Energy andEnvironment curriculum supplemented what I learned there.”

Last fall, through the Energy and Environment CertificateProgram’s course in hydrocarbon production and policy, Weavertook part in a field trip to Houston, the epicenter of the world’senergy industry. Students spent four days touring oil refineriesand chemical plants and peppering plant managers with questionsabout their operations. “AEP is a large electric power producer, so this trip gave me a chance to see the oil and gas side of energyproduction.”

Following graduation Weaver was hired back by AEP as a full-time strategic policy analyst in their Columbus, Ohio, headquarters. He is responsible for running AEP’s environmentalcompliance optimization model, which shows how the companycan best meet environmental requirements, and for providinganalysis surrounding current environmental issues that face AEPand the energy industry. His boss, Bruce H. Braine, participatedin the Nicholas Leadership Forum last year.

Though the Energy and Environment Certificate Program,Weaver says he learned a lot about the industry and its environ-mental implications. “The general knowledge I picked up in theprogram will definitely help me professionally. I’m a step ahead ofwhat they’d expect out of most people coming into this type ofposition, as far as my knowledge of the energy industry.”

—Laura Ertel

Lena Hansen

Lincoln Pratson, faculty director of theEnergy and Environment program is grateful to the Gendells for their catalyzinggift. “Jeff understands the energy industrybroadly, so he has a great feel for the challenges that we face and the need forimprovement. This gift is enabling us totransform the idea of creating a program in Energy and Environment here in theNicholas School into a reality. There aremany resources across the university thatcan be brought to bear on the issue ofenergy, but until now, we have not hadanyone at Duke who could focus on theissue of energy on a full-time basis. The

Gendells’ generosity will allow the NicholasSchool to bring people with those skill setsto the university and to take the lead atDuke in addressing our world’s most pressing energy issues.

“We are indebted to Jeff and Marty for their generosity and foresight,” Pratsonsays. “But this is just the beginning. Wehope that other like-minded individualsand organizations will see this as an opportunity to partner with us in building a cutting-edge program that will benefit our students and allow us toaddress these issues in a serious way.”

For more information about the Nicholas School’sEnergy and Environment Program, contact Pratson atenergy@nicholas.duke.edu or 919-681-8077.Admissions information is available through theNicholas School’s Office of Enrollment Services at admissions@nicholas.duke.edu or 919-613-8070. Or visit the energy certificate Web site atwww.nicholas.duke.edu/programs/professional/energycert.html.

Laura Ertel is a freelance writer based in Durham, N.C.

dukenvironment 42

G I V I N G N E W S

by Laura Ertel

LaDane Williamson has been interested inthe environment and environmental healthfor as long as she can remember.

And now she is giving back through agift to the Nicholas School with proceedsthat will equal $2 million.

As a child growing up in Shallotte andOcean Isle Beach on the coast of NorthCarolina, she used to accompany herfather, a successful land developer as well asa six-term state senator, on long car tripsto meet with the men who were clearingstreams and taking care of his land.

By the time Williamson had her ownchildren in the 1970s, she was mindful ofthe connection between the environmentand what we eat, and how that can impactour health. In those days, organic and natural foods weren’t as readily available asthey are today, so Williamson prepared herown baby foods. In fact—she laughs as sheremembers—for her oldest son’s first birthday, she refused to serve him chocolate,instead baking him a cake made with carob!

As she began her own career in landmanagement and land development,Williamson remained acutely aware of environmental issues. She served as mayorof Ocean Isle Beach for 14 years, and as amember of the Coastal ManagementAdvisory Board and the Cape Fear CapitalArea Government. In those roles, she wasvery involved with environmental protectionas it relates to development issues such aswaste management and water quality andtheir effect on communities, as well as preserving coastal resources and protectingenvironmental health.

She was so well known in this field that,in the late 1980s, she was even asked todebate coastal issues with renowned DukeGeology Professor Orrin Pilkey live on“The Today Show.” With Jane Pauley as herwitness, Williamson recalls, the two had alively debate, and she was able to get Pilkeyto agree publicly with several of her points.

Williamson is owner of the LaDaneWilliamson Company, a diversified landdevelopment, golf management and realestate sales firm with operations in North

Carolina, South Carolina and New York. A graduate of Duke University, she hasremained involved with her alma materover the years, attending basketball games asa season ticket holder and serving on theNicholas School’s Board of Visitors from1996 to 2002. She isa member of theJames B. DukeSociety, which recognizes individualswho have supportedthe university with$100,000 or more in gifts.

After years ofthinking about thebest way for her tocontribute to theNicholas School,Williamson recentlydecided to make a giftto support academicand research programsat the school.Proceeds from hergift resulted in a $2 million unrestrictedendowment, including $500,000 inmatching funds, which will provide supportfor student scholarships and fellowships,classroom and field instruction, facilityupgrades, technology acquisition, facultyresearch and other critical needs at the school.

In recognition of the gift, the NicholasSchool plans to name its EnvironmentalHealth Wing in Williamson’s honor—a fitting tribute to a woman who cares somuch about environmental health.

“As we have become more knowledgeable,we have also become more aware of howenvironmental issues affect our health andour welfare,” she says. “Over the years, wehave developed a greater understanding of how certain decisions impact other systems—water contamination, garbage disposal locations, mold, radioactivity, lead in paint, all make a difference. When I became familiar with the Nicholas School,I was impressed at how committed it was to broadly addressing environmental health issues.”

The school’s suggestion that Williamsondesignate her gift as unrestricted support,rather than toward a specific program orpurpose, appealed to the business woman’sinstincts.

“I like the idea of having a fund thatgood-thinking peoplecan use to furtherenhance the directionthat the school hastaken,” Williamsonsays. “I hope that itwill be used in waysthat allow more people to becomeknowledgeable about,and aware of, different environ-mental issues.”

“This is the kindof gift that deansdream of getting,”said William H.Schlesinger, dean ofthe Nicholas School.“It gives the school

great flexibility to address the most pressingneeds of our students and faculty, and itenhances our ability to strengthen anddiversify our academic and researchresources in response to, and anticipationof, changing environmental priorities. It truly is a far-sighted gift.”

Williamson spent two years as New YorkState Finance Chair for the DemocraticParty, helping to get Hillary Clinton elected to the Senate. Today, she splits hertime between homes in Ocean Isle Beach,New York City, and northern Durham.She travels frequently, most recently toAspen to vacation with her daughter, who isa graduate student at the Nicholas School.Williamson also has two grown sons.

In the years to come, countless studentsand faculty members will benefit fromWilliamson’s generosity. And when she visits the LaDane Williamson EnvironmentalHealth Wing, there will be a celebration.Carob cake, anyone?

Laura Ertel is a freelance writer based in Durham, N.C.

LaDane Williamson’s Gift to the Nicholas School Marks a Lifetime ofCommitment to the Environment and its Link to Health

Angle-Trustin Family FundEstablished: 2005By: Marcia A. Angle M’81, H’84 and Mark S. TrustinPurpose: Provides unrestricted support forthe Nicholas School.

Ned and Nina Bonnie FundEstablished: 2005By: Robert F. Bonnie F’94Purpose: Provides unrestricted support forthe Nicholas School.

Kathleen Clay Farland FundEstablished: 2005By: Melanie Taylor P’05 in honor of herdaughter, Kathleen Clay Farland T’05(Environmental Science and Policy)Purpose: Provides unrestricted support for the Marine Lab with preference todefraying costs of study abroad field trips.

Friends of the Earth FundEstablished: 2005By: Dan F. Gabel T’60, P’02Purpose: Provides fellowships to NicholasSchool students with a preference given tostudents who are associated with Friends ofthe Earth International or students with aninterest in creative environmental advocacy.

Pricey Taylor Harrison FundEstablished: 2005By: Melanie Taylor P’05 in honor of hersister, Pricey Taylor Harrison T’80Purpose: Provides unrestricted support tothe Program for the study of DevelopedShorelines.

Leister Family Nicholas School FundEstablished: 2005By: Susan Elliot T’74 and Craig D. Leister L’74 Purpose: Provides unrestricted support forthe Nicholas School.

Leister Family Marine Lab FundEstablished: 2005By: Susan Elliot T’74 and Craig D. Leister L’74 Purpose: Provides unrestricted support forthe Marine Lab.

Summer Legislative Fellowship FundEstablished: 2005By: An anonymous donorPurpose: Provides fellowships to NicholasSchool students who have secured a sum-mer internship with the legislative branchof the United States federal government.

*See stories on the Gendell Family andLaDane Williamson gifts on pages 40 and 43.

dukenvironment 44

G I V I N G N E W S nature& nurture

New Endowments* Established During 2005-2006 Fiscal Year

G I V I N G N E W S

Duke Energy has pledged $2.5 million toDuke University to support the ClimateChange Policy Partnership—a new industry-university collaboration that will developpolicies to address the problems of globalclimate change, Duke University PresidentRichard H. Brodhead announced this fall.

The new partnership will pool theexpertise of The Nicholas School, theNicholas Institute for Environmental PolicySolutions, The Center on Global Changeand Duke Energy, as well as other corporateand academic partners from across theSoutheast, Brodhead said.

Duke Energy’s gift will come in two segments: $1.5 million to fund Phase I ofthe partnership, expected to be completedby January 2007; and an additional $1 millionto fund Phase II, which depends on the successful completion of the first phase andthe recruitment of other corporate partners.

During the partnership’s first phase,researchers will assess the environmentaland economic costs and benefits of federalpolicy options for addressing emissions ofcarbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,which most scientists view as a cause of global warming.

These policies include market-basedcap-and-trade programs and a nationwidetax on the carbon content of fossil fuels.Cap-and-trade programs are those that setoverall authorized caps on emissions for sourcesand allow the buying and selling of thoseemissions authorizations. Researchers at theNicholas Institute will lead these initiatives.

Researchers at the Center on GlobalChange will assess the potential for usingcarbon sequestration to store atmosphericcarbon dioxide in forests, soils or under-ground reservoirs.

The Climate Change Policy Partnershipwill fund more than 30 Duke EnergyResearch Fellowships for graduate studentsfrom Duke and other North Carolina universities to work with researchers onthese projects.

Partners will share findings with govern-ment, corporate and environmental leadersnationwide, including the North CarolinaClimate Change Task Force.

“In the absence of mandatory federalpolicy, many corporations and state govern-ments are moving forward with their ownclimate change initiatives, and corporationsface questions every day, including thoseinvolving long-lived investments, with littleunderstanding on how the country will proceed on this issue,” said Paul M. Anderson,chairman of the board and chief executiveofficer of Duke Energy, which is a foundingparticipant in the Nicholas Institute.

“A cohesive approach, informed bysound science and economics, is needed to align these efforts,” Anderson said.

“Duke Energy and Duke Universityshare a common conviction that the purpose of this partnership must be toapply, not merely accrue, knowledge,” said William H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School. “Providing decisionmakers with factual, timely counsel, free of political spin, is critical.”

Much of the data used by researchers inthe Climate Change Policy Partnership willbe specific to North Carolina, but theirreports and research findings will havebroad applicability to policy considerationsat all levels of government.

“Collectively, we have access to decadesof data from field studies in North Carolina.This is a remarkable resource for creating

the kind of detailed, data-rich scientificmodel that will be a useful forecasting tool –not only for decision makers here but alsoin similar states and regions nationwide,”said Robert B. Jackson, professor of biologyand environmental sciences and director ofDuke’s Center on Global Change.

Tim Profeta, director of the NicholasInstitute, said, “I cannot think of a betterfounding participant in the NicholasInstitute than Duke Energy. The leadershipshown by Duke Energy and Paul Andersonon global warming is laudable, and we lookforward to helping the company decipherthe best ways to tackle this generation’sgreatest environmental challenge.”

As the partnership expands and recruitsmore academic and corporate participants,researchers will begin studies of the carbon-reducing potential of other options such asrenewable energy and enhanced vehicle fuelefficiency technologies.

“By expanding the scope of the ClimateChange Policy Partnership, we bring morepartners to the table and gain a broaderperspective of the challenge and opportunitiesahead,” said Richard J. Osborne, group vicepresident of public and regulatory policy atDuke Energy.

“We are eager for other partners to joinus in this endeavor, particularly thoseinvolved in agriculture, forest products,energy and transportation,” Osborne said.“A viable policy to address global climatechange must encourage reduced carbonemissions from all sources and segments ofour economy, not just a few.”

Duke Energy Pledges $2.5 Million for Industry-University Collaboration on Climate Change Policy

dukenvironment 46

$25,000 +Marcia A. Angle M'81 H'84 Ann Douglas Cornell T'75 (4)Jamee J. Field P'02 (4)Marshall Field V P'02 (5)Shelli Lodge-Stanback J.Thomas McMurray E'76 G'78 G'80 (4)Connie Stevenson Semans Emily M. Semans Nellie M. Semans P'91 P'90 (5)Truman T. Semans P'90 P'91 (9)William Merrick Semans T'91 Truman T. Semans, Jr.T'90 B'01 (6)Bradford Graham Stanback T'81 (20)Mark Trustin (3)

$10,000 to $24,999Bruce Cummings P'91 Myrna P. Cummings W'60 Ann Bunny Gabel W'60 (6)F. Daniel Gabel, Jr.T'60 (6)Craig D. Leister L'74 (3)Susan E. Leister T'74 Mark D. Masselink T'79 (2)Priscilla C. Masselink T'79 (2)Anne B. Mize W'68 (13)Fatine Kourakos Prager P'08 Richard L. Prager T'81 (18)Celia A. Roady T'73 L'76 (8)Stephen E. Roady L'76 (8)Arthur L. Smith T'74 Janis L. Smith Melanie Anne Taylor T'05 (3)Jody Wolfe F'97

$5,000 to $9,999Lawrence B. Benenson T'89 Willis E. Brown III T'74 L. Hartsell Cash T'45 (2)Elizabeth Close Kenneth H. Close T'81 (16)Hugh Cullman (16)Nan O. Cullman (4)Gary W. Dickson (4)Jeanne Dickson David Wallace Douglas P'04 P'06 (5)Deborah S. Douglas T'73 (5)Karen Scott Gardner Steven Dwight Gardner T'83 (3)Jeffrey Lund Gendell T'81 Martha P. Gendell Lynn E. Gorguze T'81 (12)Jane T. Hahn P'06 (3)John S. Hahn T'74 (12)Linda Ann Heintzelman Richard G. Heintzelman F'69 (28)Christine Hertz George C. Hixon P'02 (7)Karen Hixon P'02 (6)James M. Kellogg T'65 Sally Anne Kellogg W'65 Sally S. Kleberg W'66 (13)

Kathryn A.Weichert Kranbuhl T'96 T'98Kathryn H. Kranbuhl T'96 (5)M. Kipp Kranbuhl T'98 (5)Page Kranbuhl Jean Lauer * F'00 (4)Christina Dowding Nicholas J. K. Nicholas T'89 B'96 (2)N.J. Nicholas, Jr. (2)Peter M. Nicholas, Jr.T'92 B'98Scott H. Peters T'80 Randolph K. Repass E'66 Nancy Aikens Rich W'69 (6)Simon B. Rich, Jr.T'67 (6)Sally-Christine Rodgers Lisa Dellwo Schlesinger (4)William H. Schlesinger (4)Virginia Finley Shannon T'88 (2)Carolyn Thomas (3)Norwood A.Thomas Jr. * T'55 Edwin Kenneth Thrower Elizabeth Thrower W'60 (5)Ashlin Thomas Wilbanks Wayne F.Wilbanks T'82 (18)Douglas C.Wolf T'75 Laura Z. Zimmerman W'67 (5)Todd V. Zimmerman

$2,500 to $4,999Elsa G. Ayers P'93 P'90 P'91 (8)Jere A. Ayers P'93 P'90 P'91 (8)Claire M. Barry W'68 (2)Thomas R. Barry T'67 (2)Margaret Rouse Bates W'63 (17)Robert Hinrichs Bates (11)David S. Brody P'02 (11)Laura C. Brody P'02 (11)Howard Aldridge Coffin Elisabeth Stanger Cook T'73 (20)Russel C. Cook T'72 (21)Robert A. Fesenmyer F'05 (2)Susan B. Fesenmyer P'05 (2)Abigail Beckwith Field T'02 Audrey Gorter P'87 P'81 James P. Gorter P'87 P'81 (16)Melinda M. Hall T'79 (19)Marilyn Agnes Harrison W'71 (4)R. Keith Harrison, Jr. E'70 (4)Patricia R. Hatler T'76 (4)Christian R. Holmes T'09 (9)Noel Anne Holmes P'09 Margaret A. Lawrence G'03 F'03 (3)Robert S. Lawrence, Jr. B'03 Michael John Mars T'91 (3)Sarah Robbins Mars Lawrence J. Pratt Anne G. Salenger P'04 (8)Gary H. Salenger T'62 (12)Isabelle Sullivan J. Blake Sullivan F'89 Raymond E. Sullivan * T'26 Eric Hunter Thornton T'85 Reade Y.Tompson G'45 (16)

Sarah Bond Tompson N'45 N'47 (19)Evelyn Rivers Wilbanks G'56 (5)George D.Wilbanks T'53 M'56 (5)

$1,000 to $2,499Jayshree R. Amin P'06 Rajan R. Amin P'06 William C. Banzhaf T'79 Daniel J. Becker T'81 (3)Jody Becker Joel Owen Benson T'88 (2)Leigh Alvarado Benson T'88 (2)Mary B. Bierly * (3)Richard H. Bierly (9)Joshua H. Bond G'08 (2)Elizabeth Eller Booke W'56 (10)Henry M. Booke (10)Margo A. Brinton W'66 (2)Peter F. Brucato, Jr.T'78 G'80 G'88 (15)Charles P. Bugg * T'47 Mabel Bugg (9)Robert T. Cadwallader, Jr.T'69 Celia Campbell-Mohn T'84 (2)Frederick S. Campbell-Mohn (2)Robert Franklin Cardwell T'83 (2)Steven C. Carhart Norman L. Christensen (14)Portia Christensen Lisa R. Colby-Jones T'79 Luckett V. Davis G'58 G'62 (13)Sylvia A. Earle G'66 G'56 GHON'93 (10)Jean S. Faber (10)Lee E. Faber T'64 (10)Martha C. Farmer W'71 G'79 (8)Carolyn M. Ferrari J.Tomlinson Fort W'55 (18)James Kevin Foskett T'74 Kathy S. Froelich Philip N. Froelich, Jr.T'68 (8)Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. G'88 L'88 (2)Carol B. Garbutt P'89 (19)John T. Garbutt, Jr. P'89 (19)Arthur J. Garceau T'50 (11)Jacqueline Page Garceau Anthony F. Garvin T'84 B'89 (6)Cambridge F. Glenn (6)Peggy Dean Glenn (6)Harvey J. Goldman T'68 Judith Goldman P'01 P'98 Stephen A. Goldman Virginia Streusand Goldman T'79 (21)Cecil L. Goodnight (3)Judy Goodnight Hana Hakim (4)Jamal A. Hakim T'83 (5)Nancy W. Harper (2)Wayne Lee Harper T'74 M'78 (4)Sharon Thompson Hart Thomas L. Hart F'67 (5)Douglas A. Hastings T'71 (3)Jeffrey Alan Heller T'77 (13)Nancy F. Heller T'78 (17)

Eric L. Hiser L'89 G'89 (11)Kathryn Boeckman Howd T'79 (17)Lois-Ann Schack Hug Richard E. Hug T'56 F'57 (24)Patricia L. Jolie F'81 (11)Gerald Paul Jones Virginia Joslin-Hastings W'70 (3)Robert L. Kempf F'70 Shelley Lee Kempf Nannerl O. Keohane (11)Robert Keohane (11)Kenneth H. Krieger (11)Marguerite Dravo Krieger W'45 (11)Tiffany W. LeBleu T'85 Todd Howle LeBleu T'85 H'93 (2)John Webster Leslie Jr.Laura B. Leslie T'80 (2)Eric T. Levy T'97 Mary B. Litofsky N. Scott Litofsky T'81 (18)Marie T. Lott W'72 (16)Timothy J. Lott Anne Henderson Love W'48 (6)Nash M. Love E'46 (6)Byron C. Lynch, Jr. (18)Linda W. MacDonald (5)H.J. MacDonald, Jr.T'65 (5)Lisa J. Mackintosh James A. Marsh, Jr.T'63 (2)Hilary J. Martin T'74 Edwin H. Martinat * T'45 Martha Y. Martinat W'46 Gail Swinger McCormick T'73 (3)Rodney Ivan McCormick * G'73 Ellen G. McKee P'06 Thomas W. McKee T'73 Barbara W. Mckenzie P'09 Michael D. McKenzie T'70 (9)Sharolyn R. Medina T'87 (3)Henry L. Meyer III P'06 Jane K. Meyer P'06 (3)Ann S. Micara (4)Francis A.E. Micara T'44 (11)Kristen H. Monahan T'82 A'85 (10)Michael Monahan Barbara H. Morris N'78 (8)Stephen G. Morris Anne T. Mosley F'81 Esther B. Pardue W'62 (20)Leonard G. Pardue III T61 (19)Eldon E. Park Charles T. Paul E'62 (8)Carolyn K. Penny W'57 (14)Wade H. Penny, Jr.T'57 L'60 (14)Judy M. Piotrowski Robert G. Piotrowski G74 Nancy Joyce Rawlings T'85 (3)Elizabeth B. Reid W'53 (11)Whitelaw Reid T'84 (2)David Allen Renken T'83 (19)Jamie Renken Meredith Rose Sasser T'94 (2)

G I V I N G N E W S annual fund honor roll2004 – 2005 Annual Fund Honor RollThe Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences wishes to thank all of the alumni, parents and friends who generously contributed to the Nicholas School,Duke Marine Laboratory and Earth and Ocean Sciences/Geology Annual Funds. Your ongoing support plays a vital role in the continuing success of our students, faculty and school programs. This list recognizes gifts received for the Annual Fund from July 1, 2004 through June 30, 2005.

We also recognize those dual gift club members who are Environmental Pacesetters. • Their consecutive giving years are noted in parentheses after their name.

Pearl F. Schechter P'68 Sol Schechter P'68 (10)Carol L. Newsham Schreiber T'74 (5)William Schreiber Helen McKeever Schwarz Robert L. Schwarz T'41 (8)Victoria L. Shaw Bartow S. Shaw, Jr. F'64 (29)E. Jean Slinn Ronald J. Slinn G'69 (18)Barbara C. Smit T'79 (4)Neil Smit, Jr.T'80 (3)Nancy Watkins Sommer WC'52 (16)John R. Spangler * Margaret O. Spangler W'45 (9)Katherine Goodman Stern W'46 (18)Sidney J. Stern Jr. * P'80 Isabel Combs Stuebe W'64 (4)William Henry Stuebe P'95 P'02 (4)Judith Tager Milton L.Tager E'50 Mary Price Taylor Harrison T'80 (11)Cathy J.Tschannen Claire T.Tuttle Randall S.Tuttle T'85 Susan Varney Norman A.Varney, Jr.T'73 (11)Frederick Vosburgh T'72 G'78 (4)Roberta G.Williams WC'63 Richard John Zaino M'75 (8)Sarah M. Zaino T'74 (8)Elsa R. Zollars W'56 (2)William B. Zollars E'55 (2)

$500 to $999Charles D. Amsler T'80 (22)Margaret O'Leary Amsler (6)Robert Ryoichi Ando E'73 (9)Rosanna Ando Elaine K. Barber (2)John Barber (16)Margaret M. Barber T'74 (16)Richard T. Barber (2)Jeffrey W. Bartels T'79 Margaret R. Bartels Eric B. Bass T'78 M'83 (4)Katherine M. Bass T'79 M'83 (4)Pamela C. Beam W'72 (6)George M. Benda T'53 (6)Rosemarie E. Benda (6)Bradley Berndt Peter Berndt Susan M. Berndt Brent F. Blackwelder T'64 (9)Teresa S. Blackwelder W'70 (2)Jean Dennis Bliss Verne Fairbanks Bliss T'44 F'49 (27)Mary M. Borden W'55 (4)Edwin B. Borden, Jr. (4)David M. Bradford F'66 (25)Jean E. Bradford Philip L. Brewer T'58 (6)Florence J. Brinkhous (9)John R. Brinkhous (9)Andrew Shawhan Burnett F'85 Kevin Lawrence Call T'77 (15)Kathryn Ash Carlson F'92 (12)Robert Jeffrey Chandler T'84 Anne Fahrig Choate T'95 David Walter Choate E'94 Allen C. Church Jane E. Church B. Jefferson Clark E'78 B'84 (11)Charlotte R. Clark T'79 F'83 G'06 (21)Melinda Ann Cohen P'09 Carol Schendler Cowell

Edward D. Cowell, Jr.T'56 (21)Elizabeth Pennington Cowie T'86 (4)James Judson Cowie T (4)T. Spencer Crowley, III T'96 (3)Marie Anne Scheller Daniels W'54 (7)

Eugene O. Daniels (4)Bonnie Jinnette Dauterman T'91 (3)John Frederick Dauterman M'96 T'90 (3)Alexander Thayer Davison T'49 F'50 (28)Mary Cline Davison N'47 (13)Emory S. De Castro T'79 (8)Gertrude T. Deyle Robert Eaton Deyle F'77 Anne C. Dowling T'92 Clifford S. Duke G'86 G'85 (3)Matthew R. Eggers T'96 (3)Joyce Estill Robert W. Estill (8)Gilmer C. Ewing T'76 (10)Shauna Tilly Farmer T'86 M'90 (10)Thomas Hackney R.Farmer T'85 M'90 (10)Gloria Farrar Michael C. Farrar (3)William T. Freeman T'50 (2)Julie McAllister Friedman Kenneth H. Friedman T'82 Charles L. Gallegos T'73 (9)David W. Gerhardt F'79 Jody Rae Hepp Gerhardt Alberto Goetzl F'79 Cyrus L. Gray III T'62 Malinda Edwards Gray W'63 Wendy A. Hamilton T'93 (8)Diane Jane Hardy W'67 (15)Robert G. Hardy T'66 (15)Constance Mackey Harley W'49 G'54 (14)Eugene L. Harley M'57 (14)Elizabeth P. Hemme T'06 Hal S. Hemme T'72 Derek B. Hess T'92 David E. Hinton (2)Judith J. Hinton Therese Rose Holdcraft Heather L. Johnson T'91 (2)Konrad C. Kaltenborn T'76 (4)Anthony Jason Karas B'97 (2)Herbert D. Kerman H'49 H'43 T'38 M'42Ruth Rice Kerman * W'39 Susan S. Kilham G'71 (21)Barbara Gosford Kinder W'46 (10)William Tupper Kinder Paul F. Krueger T'76 (6)Trudy K. Krueger T'08 Joseph Murphy Landing T'84 (7)Katherine D. Landing T'83 (7)Hattie W. Lee James E. Lee T'51 F'52 (4)Christine N Lyon * Robert B. Lyon, Jr. G'74 (3)Mark A. McCormack T'70 (6)Jeffrey J. McCoskey E'87 (7)Joan C. McCulla W'53 (4)William L. McCulla, Jr. (4)Charlene R. Mebane (2)Giles Yancey Mebane T'51 M'54 (2)Elizabeth Ellen Merritt G'84 (7)Elizabeth R. Myers T'76 Walter G. Nelson, Jr.T'72 G'78 (20)D. Kerry Nickerson Lynn P. Nickerson T'75 James R. Nicol T'79 F'82 (2)Lisa K. E. Nicol F'83 (2)William Roy Nifong T'89 L'00 (4)Nancy Noonan (17)Patrick F. Noonan (17)Kathryn Jean O'Hara T'82 (5)

Thomas J. O'Hara Billy B. Olive E'48 (17)Helen Eve Olive Linda Marie Palumbo T'87 (13)Kim Parker Charles H. Parker, Jr.T'77 (2)Frank Caldwell Patton III T'82 (11)Gregory Bruce Paxton Almuth F. Payne Brian R. Payne F'62 (32)Elizabeth D. Peloso E'78 (3)Robert A. Peloso Jack B. Perkins E'94 Nancy R. Perkins F'97 T'93 (2)Jennifer Joy Peters F'88 Shelba Glenn Pew G'41 Daniel Cole Popowics T'88 (9)Joan Bresnan Popowics T'88 (12)Robin L. Puckett W'60 Scott C. Puckett E. J. Puzak (9)John C. Puzak G'74 (9)Merry G. Rabb T'77 G'80 G'80 (4)Robert D. Rabb (4)Kenneth H. Reckhow (3)Ellen Reckhow (3)Jeannine D. Reese Mitchell Crawford Reese T'73 Scott F. Rehmus T'92 (12)Wingfield E. Rehmus M'96 (8)Susan L. Reiser T'81 (10)Edward M. Riegel T'77 (18)Phyllis Joan Smith Riegel Annette B. Satterfield W'64 Rose Morton Sayre * Clifford L. Sayre, Jr. E'47 (15)Shelley Schultz Thomas A. Schultz (2)Elizabeth T. Schwarze T'87 Catherine H. Sheafor T'88 (12)Douglas Houston Sheafor T'88 (12)Brian M. Shivers T'02 T'00 (2)Debra Jones Shivers Martha R.Thayer (3)Richard E.Thayer (2)James M.Thurber T'69 (8)Evan Vosburgh T'77 Alan R.Weiskopf T'94 (5)Leslie Weiskopf T'94 (5)Lynne D.Werner T'78 George M.Woodwell G'56 G'58 GHON'94 (2)Katharine Woodwell F'92 (2)

Young Alumni Members of theKorstian/Pearse/Berry SocietiesPhyllis Grant Dermer F’01 (4)Samuel D. Hummel, Jr.T’03 (3)Andrew J. LoSchiavo F’02 (4)Matthew W. Philipp F’01 (2)Evie T.Tashie F’01

Graduating Class of 2005 GiftJoshua W. Allen-Dicker T'05 Thomas Paul Augspurger F'89 G'05 G'08 Daniel Avissar T'05 Dominique D. Bailey T'05 Cheyenne M. Beach T'05 Janeil M. Belle T'05 Erin O. Bendure T'05 Johanna E. Bischof T'05 Irene C. Blat T'05 T'05 Wesley R. Brooks T'05 George M. Buckley III T'05 Tristan N. Byrd T'05 T'05 Jennifer E. Cheesborough T'05 Maureen Clair T'05

Christopher A. Daniels E'98 B'05 Sarah L. Daniels T'00 F'05 Nicole G. Desrosiers T'05 Luke Jay Dollar T'95 G'09 G'05 Natalia E. Dorfman T'05 Alvaro S. Drevon T'05 Paris B. Edwards T'05 T'05 Lisa B. Engler F'05 Amanda M. Fairley T'05 Rongrong Fan T'05 Maura M. Farver T'05 Gordon R. Feighner F'05 Robert D. Ferguson T'96 B'05 Patrick A. Flight T'05 Dylan M. Fuge L'05 F'05 Jacob R. Gillen T'05 Julie A. Griffin T'05 Charles T. Hagan IV E'05 Ian C. Han T'05 Andrew A. Hecht L'05 F'05 Adam D. Hosmer-Henner T'05 Timothy J. Hyer T'06 T'05Alexis Kingham F'05 Whitney E. Kirk F'05 Paul A. Klenk E'01 G'08 G'05 Kelly S. Kunert F'05 David A. Lewis T'05 Carson W. Maxted F'05 Jeffrey A. Miller T'05 Molly C. Nicholson T'05 Kim Noel T'05 Anjali S. Patel T'05 Caroline Paulsen T'05 Mary C. Peavey T'05 Margaret E. Peloso T'05 John Peng F'04 F'05 Channa L. Pickett T'06 T'05 Francesca M. Pignataro T'05 James T. Pineda T'05 Alexa Ramirez T'05 Julie L. Reber T'05 Robin F. Roark T'05 Katherine Robinson T'05 Alexandra C. Russell T'05 Colleen M. Schilly T'05 Peter R. Shults T'05 Sean Timpane E'05 Edward V.Williamson T'05 Mamie V.Wise T'05 Audrey T.Yoest T'05

* Deceased

In order to conserve paper and resources,the Nicholas School lists gifts qualifyingfor Gift Club status only. All gifts aredeeply appreciated.

We have made every effort to ensure theaccuracy of our Honor Roll lists.We regretany errors or omissions that may haveoccurred and ask that you contact usregarding corrections by calling CarolDahm at 919-613-8001 or by e-mail tocdahm@duke.edu.The Nicholas School isextremely grateful for your continuedsupport.

dukenvironment 48

A N N U A L R E P O R T update

The Nicholas School operates on a budgetof close to $39 million annually. Revenuesto operate the school derive from restrictedsources, such as research grants and income from restricted endowments, and fromunrestricted sources, such as tuition andoverhead charged to research grants (Figure1). A substantial fraction of the school’s unrestricted revenue derives from MEMtuition, and is therefore subject to year-to-year fluctuations based on enrollment. Theschool also receives a payment from TrinityCollege to cover the costs of undergraduateinstruction, based on a formula that is driven by enrollment numbers. The AnnualFund, which provides 2 percent of revenues,

is an additional important source of unrestricted funding, which is largely usedto provide financial aid and special academicprograms to all Nicholas School students.Revenues from endowments established to provide financial aid, largely to MEMstudents, have increased consistently overthe past six years, so that the provision offinancial aid has been a declining demandon unrestricted school funds.

School expenses (Figure 2) are dominatedby the direct costs of research and by instructional expenses, largely facultysalaries. A major challenge in budgeting forthe Nicholas School is that a large fraction

of its expense is allocated to attract the bestfaculty and hence the best students. Ofcourse, faculty numbers are relatively constant from year to year, while a largefraction of the school’s unrestricted revenueis derived from MEM students, who showelastic demand relative to tuition increases.Approximately 22 percent of the revenuefrom MEM students is returned to studentsin the form of financial aid. Approximately12 percent of school expense is payment for university-supplied services, includingpolice protection, library collections, bus transportation, etc.

uses of fundsfigure 2

funded research40%

MEM tuition

13%undergrad

tuition6%

other tuition

7%

gifts to supportNicholas Institute 4%

annual fund 2%

endowmentincome-general

10%

endowmentincome-NSEES

11%

indirect costrecovery

7%

funded research40%

instructionalexpenses

19%

student services 2%

space costs 7%

school administration 5%

universitytax

12%

nicholas institute expenses 4%

financial aid 8%

otherexpenses3%

sources of funds figure 1

July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005

dukenvironment is printed on Monadnock Astrolite PC100 100% post-consumer waste recycled paper and processed chlorine free. Please recycle this magazine.

Mark your calendar for the following dates and monitor our Web site at www.nicholas.duke.edu for additional events.

Feb. 3, 2006Duke/Yale Career FairWashington, D.C.Kellogg Conference Hotel at Gallaudet UniversityNicholas Alumni Reception to followContact: Glenda Lee, 919-613-8079 orgslee@duke.edu

March 14-16, 2006Student Conference on Conservation ScienceNicholas School, LSRCContact: Luke Dollar, 919-613-8147 orluke@duke.edu

April 6, 2006Henry J. Oosting Memorial LectureMonica Turner, University of WisconsinLocation TBDContact: Emily Bernhardt, 919-660-7318 orebernhar@duke.edu

April 6-7, 2006Master’s Project SymposiumMEM and MF candidates master’s projects presentationsVon Canon Rooms, Bryan Center,Durham Campus Contact: Erika Lovelace, 919-613-8070 orenvadm@nicholas.duke.edu

April 6-8, 2006Spring Board of Visitors MeetingNicholas School, LSRCContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

April 7, 2006Spring Student BanquetLocation TBDContact: Nancy Kelly, 919-613-8090 or nkelly@duke.edu

April 9-12, 2006American Association for Petroleum Geologists Annual Conference“Perfecting the Search: Delivering on Promises”George R. Brown Convention Center,Houston, TexasContact: AAPG Convention Dept., 888-945-2274 ext. 617 or convene@aapg.org

April 14-15, 2006Alumni Council MeetingNicholas School, LSRCContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

April 22, 2006Speaker Presentation for Reunion WeekendLove Auditorium, LSRCContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

Field DayCouch Farm Site in Duke ForestContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

April 27-28, 2006Marine Lab Master’s Project SymposiumMEM candidates, Coastal EnvironmentalManagement program, master’s project presentationsDuke University Marine Lab Contact: Belinda Williford, 252-504-7508 orbbw@duke.edu

April 27-29, 2006Marine Lab Advisory Board MeetingDuke University Marine LabContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

The Nicholas Experience at the Duke Marine LabDuke University Marine LabContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

May 13, 2006Nicholas School Recognition Ceremony for graduateand professional degree candidates Nicholas School, LSRC CourtyardContact: Enrollment Services, 919-613-8070 orenvadm@duke.edu

May 14, 2006 Duke University Commencement ExercisesWallace Wade StadiumDuke UniversityContact: Enrollment Services, 919-613-8070 orenvadm@duke.edu

Summer 2006 Ocean Science Teaching Center DedicationDuke University Marine LabContact: Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 orjholland@duke.edu

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dukenvironmentN I C H O L A S S C H O O L O F T H E E N V I R O N M E N T A N D E A R T H S C I E N C E S

Fa l l 2 0 0 5

earthfile.org radio files60-second environmental news features from the

Nicholas School. Produced and voiced by Emmy-nominated

news anchor Ann Kellan, the spots feature interviews

with some of the world’s top environmental experts

Just put earthfile.orginto your Web browser.