NASAReferencePublication1097

October 1982

N/ SA

NASA Catalogueof LunarNomenclature

Leif E. Anderssonand Ewen A. Whitaker

NASAReferencePublication1097

1982

National Aeronauticsand Space Administration

Scientific and TechnicalInformation Branch

NASA Catalogueof LunarNomenclature

Leif E. Anderssonand Ewen A. Whitaker

University of ArizonaTucson, Arizona

PREFACE

Newcomers to lunar studies who need to make use of lunar nomen-

clature often express dismay at the apparently haphazard and illogical

disposition of names and letters on lunar maps, and especially at the

apparent lack of standardization between the numerous maps, catalogues

and other publications that might reasonably be expected to show con-

sistency. Their dismay is not without some foundation. Changes and

alterations are the anathema of a stable, standardized nomenclature,

yet errors and inconsistencies should be corrected, and additions have

to be made as studies of the lunar surface become more extensive and

detailed. Lunar nomenclature is, first and foremost, a method of com-

munication _ a kind of shorthand whereby important surface features

can be visualized immediately upon seeing their names, and lesser fea-

tures can be referred to without the need to resort to lengthy descrip-

tions of their relative or absolute locations.

Unfortunately, these changes and additions have not always been

carried out advisedly or with the users' best interests in view. This

was especially the case for several years from 1972 onwards, when the

basic concepts and ethics of the subject were subjugated to the supposed

requirements for certain maps, and to the kudos deriving from the place-

ment of many new names on lunar features. Although that situation was

finally rectified, it has left a legacy of confusion that will plague

lunar nomenclature for posterity.

For general convenience, it was originally intended to include in

a single documentboth the manychangeseffected during the last two dec-ades, and the NASAversion of the currently approved nomenclature. A

brief survey of the origins and earlier development of this nomenclaturewould have provided a useful background. However, an interest was ex-

pressed from several quarters in such extra related topics as when and

by whom the various formations were named; what names have been moved or

removed over the years; why are the Greek names clustered towards the

north; what are the rules for proposing new names, and so on. For this

reason it was thought more expedient to issue this historical, explana-

tory, and general reference material as a separate, companion publication.

It is currently in preparation and will be titled "Handbook of Lunar

Nomenclature".

One result stemming from the activities of the mid-1970's was a

difference of opinion between the IAU and NASA over what constitutes

"approved" nomenclature. This Catalogue presents the complete NASA-

approved lunar nomenclature as of mid-1981. It differs from the IAU-

approved version in that it includes letter designations for subsidiary

craters, and uses a more familiar spelling for eight names. The official

IAU catalogue of Solar System nomenclature, to be named _'Gazetteer of

Planets and Satellites" is now in preparation, and will list the IAU-

approved nomenclature for features on all those bodies for which surface

imagery exists. Letter-designated features are excluded. Those lists

will provide brief but useful biographical or descriptive data for all

the names, with coordinates, dimensions and cartographic information for

location purposes. The portion of that catalogue pertaining to lunar

nomenclature was compiled by staff of the Center for Earth and Planetary

Sciences, National Air and Space Museum, under the direction of F. EI-Baz.

A close liaison was maintained with that group to ensure maximum compat-

ibility between data common to their catalogue and this one, although

some coordinates and dimensions will differ somewhat, especially for

farside craters and for non-crater features with vague boundaries.

Acknowledgments The initial versions of the computer-printed lists

of craters were prepared by the late Dr. Leif E. Andersson, who was also

responsible for estimating coordinates for all the listed farside craters

as well as for many in the nearside limb regions. He also computed the

diameters of these craters from measurements made by LPL staff on Lunar

Orbiter photographs, and wrote the preliminary version of the accompany-

ing explanation of the crater listings. I thank Ed Rains and John Spencer

for performing various checks and for incorporating several changes and

updates into the lists, and the latter for producing the computer-printed

versions reproduced here. I also thank Dan Kinsler, late of the Lunar

and Planetary Institute, for valuable assistance throughout most phases

of this project, and especially for his review of the new farside letter

designations, which resulted in several improvements being made.

This work was supported by NASA grant NGL 03-002-191

Ewen A. Whitaker

Tucson, September 1981

CONTENTS

iiiPreface ...........................

Part I - Explanation

3General information ....................

Explanation of the listings: CRATERS ............ 5

NON-CRATER FEATURES ....... 9

MINOR and MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES• ii

Part 2 - Listings

Group I -- CRATERS

(a) named and letter-designated craters -- whole Moon ............ i

(b) named and letter-designated craters -- nearside ............. I

(c) named and letter-designated craters -- farside ............. i

(d) named craters only -- whole Moon ................... I

(e) named craters only -- nearside ..................... I

(f) named craters only -- farside ...................... I

(g) replacement names (post-1972) for craters previously .......... i

having letter designations

Group 2 -- NON-CRATER FEATURES .......

Group 3 -- MINOR and MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES

(a+b) craters and other features on NASA Lunar Top•photomaps

(c) features named to facilitate Apollo mission operations

(d) miscellaneous features

• • • • • • " • • • • • • • • • • • • • I

vii

NASA CATALOGUE OF LUNAR NOMENCLATURE

Part I - Explanation

GENERAL INFORMATION

This Catalogue, together with its companion Handbook, are

basically the outcome of the differing views, mentioned in the Preface,

regarding what constitutes "approved" or "official" lunar nomenclature.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU), which has had the responsi-

bility of producing and maintaining a standard scheme of nomenclature

since the Union's founding in 1919, published a definitive map and cata-

logue in 1935 which included not only all formations with accepted names

(681 total) but also all those with letter designations (over 5400).

Up to 1973, various additions, deletions and general improvements were

made to the lists of both the named and the letter-designated formations.

These were all given IAU approval, but in that year the IAU passed a

resolution to drop all the letter designations for subsidiary craters

and elevations, and also the Roman numeral designations for rilles.

It was also proposed to assign new names progressively to the previously

lettered craters, an action that stemmed in part from a NASA request to

be provided with identifying names to be applied to the new LTO (Lunar

Topographic Orthophotomap) series of large-scale map sheets. Some 123

new names were applied to craters previously designated by letters.

Bowing to pressure from users, the IAU in 1976 modified its com-

plete excision of letter designations, but decided that it should still

officially concern itself with named formations only, partly because of

the greatly increased task of providing and keeping track of the many

hundreds of extra names required for formations newly revealed on the

planetary satellites and the terrestrial planets, and partly because the

assignment of letter designations was considered to be more of a carto-

graphic concern than a nomenclatural one. From that date, maps thac in-

cluded the new replacement names would also give, in brackets under those

names, the letter designations being replaced. Thus although the use of

the letter designations was no longer being discouraged, The IAU did not

give them official recognition, and they would not be included in the

IAU's forthcoming Gazetteer of Planets and Satellites.

3

However, succeeding NASA officials, as well as many users, felt

that the letter designations still formed a very important part of the

overall lunar nomenclature, and should be included with the named feat-

ures. The US Government (USAF, AMS, USGS and NASA) had funded virtually

all lunar mapping in the US from 1959 onwards, and the letters had been

included in most of these extensively used maps. Many of the letters

had been in use for up to 140 years, and were firmly entrenched in a

large body of literature; they ranked an "official" status by virtue of

long and widespread usage, and arbitrary decisions by the IAU could not

diminish their importance.

For these reasons, this Cata|ogue includes the previously IAU-

approved nearside letter designations, suitably amended, in addition to

the entire listing of IAU-approved names as of mid-1981. Furthermore,

in response to a demand for a denser network of identified craters on

the Moon's farside, Whitaker devised a logical scheme of letter desig-

nations for subsidiary craters in that hemisphere. These new farside

designations have received full NASA approval, and have been included

on all relevant maps produced recently under NASA's direction and spon-

sorship. They are also included in this Catalogue, where they appear

in tabular form for the first time. As already mentioned, a more re-

cognizable spelling, corresponding with that used on the latest NASA-

sponsored maps, has been used for eight names.

This Cata]ogue may therefore be used with full confidence by

researchers, cartographers etc. Its listings supersede all earlier

catalogues and maps; any names found on these older documents that do

not appear here have been dropped or substituted for good reason, and

should not be used.

EXPLANATION OF THE LISTINGS

The listed features have been divided into three main groups for

cataloguing purposes, namely (i) Craters; (2) Non-crater features; and

(3) Minor and miscellaneous features. The crater lists are reproduced

from computer printouts, having been extracted from an extensive crater

cataloguing program now nearing completion at this Laboratory.

(i) CRATERS

(a) General

For increased usefulness, these listings are provided for

the whole Moon, for the nearside only, and for the farside only.

Each of these subgroups lists named and letter-designated craters

combined, and the named craters alone. There are 150 entries per

page. Small craters having first-name designations (e.g. Agnes)

and those that received names for operational purposes in Apollo

landing areas (e.g. 5hoFty) are excluded from these lists, but

will be found in Group 3. The 1973 IAU decision to replace the

letter designations with new names resulted in 123 such replace-

ments, but Ii were not approved, and the letters have thus been

restored. Because of their small size, many of the remaining

112 craters have not appeared on small-scale maps. A separate

list of these recently named craters and their previous letter

designations is therefore included here to provide a link with

earlier catalogues, maps and other literature.

Number statistics may be of interest, and are as follows:

Named craters

Letter-desig-

nated craters

Total craters

Nearside Farside Whole Moon

796

5435

6231

599

1667

2266

1395

7102

8497

(b) Sources of names and letter designations

The basic starting list

for nearside craters was that given in The System of Lunar Craters,

by D. W. G. Arthur et aZ., (Communications of the Lunar and Planet-

ary Laboratory, nos. 30, 40, 50 and 70; 1963-1966), which was ap-

proved by the IAU in 1964 and 1967 as an improved version of its

Named Lunar Formations, by M. A. Blagg and K. M_ller (1935). The

basic list for farside craters was that given in Report on Lunar

Nomenclature, by D. Menzel et _., Space Science Reviews 12, 136-

186, (1971). The net results of all the changes reported in the

Transactions of the IAU for 1973, 1976 and 1979, together with

those proceeding from the 1980 and 1981 meetings of the IAU Working

Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, have been incorporated

into the lists given here. The nearside letter designations from

the Arthur list referred to above have been corrected and updated

as necessary except for some small areas towards the Moon's limbs.

Following the decision of a NASA-convened committee, double-letter

designations have either been dropped or replaced by single letters,

except in a few cases where such action was c!early not practical.

each "patronymic" crater is considered to be the center

of a 24 hour clockface in which the numbers have been

replaced with Roman capital letters (] and 0 omitted,

24 h. = Z), with Z at the north point. Thus each

letter represents a fixed azimuth from the patronymic

The letter designation scheme for the farside was devised

for maximum ease in locating craters on maps, and works as follows:

x"ZA,W ;J'-'-'_.C

V ._ _ ,.DU ' E

Op'-_-.t-<XJ-NML _

crater, and the chosen subsidiary craters are _ettered according to

their closest azimuths. In a few cases where two or more significant

craters lay along similar azimuths, some compromises were necessary.

Future improved cartography may reveal a few cases where an adjacent

letter might have been preferable to the one chosen. This lettering

scheme has been adopted _n toto for the new 1:5 million scale maps

of the lunar farside produced for NASA by USGS.

(c) Spelling and typography

The first column of each block gives the

name or designation of each crater. As computers do not give

lower-case letters or diacritical marks, some names require

further information on the correct form to use in texts or on

maps. A separate list is given on the next page for all in-

stances where the normal form differs from a capital letter

followed only by lower-case letters for each word of a name,

whether separated by spaces or hyphens.

Examples: Catalogue form

ABENEZRA

AL-BAKRI

DE FOREST

but...

DE GASPARIS

DE LA RUE

VON DER PAHLEN

Normal form

Abenezra

AI-Bakri

De Forest

de Gasparis

de la Rue

vonder Pahlen

Following IAU guidelines, diacritical marks have been

retained except where they are non-standard, in which case they

been efther changed or dropped. Thus Romer becomes R_mer,

and Sktodowska becomes Sklodowska.

Alphabetization is strictly according to the form of the

name used in the listings; thus W. Bond is at the beginning of

the W's, not in the B's, and St. John is considered to begin with

St., not Saint. Spaces, periods, hyphens and apostrophes are

lexicographically equivalent and precede the letter A. Thus

]e Verrier precedes Leakey and O'Day precedes Obruchev.

The spelling of the following eight names differs from

the IAU versions: Bellingshausen, Ceraski, Engelhardt, Friedmann,

Hanskiy, Lenz, LUtke, Sternberg. The IAU versions are as follows:

Bellinsgauzen, Tseraskiy, Engel'gardt, Fridman, Ganskiy, Lents,

Litke, Shternberg.

Table of adopted typographic forms where different from printout

Abul W_fa G_rtner Milankovi_ Str_mgren

And_l Henry Fr_res M_bius ten Bruggencate

AngstrUm K_stner Mohorovi_i6 V_is_l_

Armi_ski Kekul_ M_sting van Albada

Be_v_ Kepi6ski MUller Van de Graaff

B_rg Kohlsch_tter Ni_pce van den Bergh

B_sching Kolh_rster Nbggerath van den Bos

Catalan K_nig Null van der Waals

Chr_tien la Caille O'Day van Gent

Cr_ger la Condamine Pingr_ van Maanen

d'Alembert la P_rouse Plant8 van Rhijn

d'Arrest Lam_ Poincar_ van't Hoff

d'Arsonval Lam_ch Pontecoulant van Wijk

da Vinci le Gentil Purkyn_ Vasco da Gama

Daubr_e le Monnier R_aumur von Behring

de Gasparis le Verrier R_mer yon B_k_syde la Rue ^Lemaltre RSntgen vonder Pahlen

de Moraes Linn_ _afa_k yon K_rm_n

de Morgan L_tke Schl_ter yon Neumann

de Roy M_dler SchSnfeld von Zeipel

de Sitter McAdie Schr_dinger Widmanst_tten

de Vico McClure SchrSter W_hler

de Vries McDonald Sierpi_ski Wr6blewski

Dun_r McKellar SDmmering Z_hringer

E_tv_s McLaughlin Sparer Z_llner

F_nyi McMath Stifler

Feuill_e McNally St_rmer

(d) Positions

The coordinates in the second and third columns are

intended for location purposes only, and should not be used

as exact positions. This is particularly the case for limb

and farside craters, where existing maps and catalogues may

differ by a degree or more anyway. Longitudes are given in

the traditional IAU-approved system of 0-180°E and W. Other

schemes using 0-36_, in either direction, are not approved

and should not be used.

(e) Diameters

Column 4 gives the mean diameter of the crater in km.

For elongated craters, the largest dimension is given. The

values given are for identification purposes only and as with

the coordinates, values for some farside craters may differ

somewhat from those estimated from maps.

(f) Miscellaneous

Note that the name Apollo appears in the listings,

even though this feature is a multi-ring basin with a central

mare rather than a crater or a mare-free basin.

(2) NON-CRATER FEATURES

The listings are divided into the IAU-approved generic categories,

alphabetically arranged. They are complete except for a few minor

features that have first-name designations (e.g. Rima Carmen) on

the NASA Lunar Topophotomap series of large-scale charts, and for

features specially named to aid operations on the Apollo missions

(e.g. Bear Mountain), all of which appear in Group 3. The generic

categories, with their meanings, are as follows:

Catena...crater chain

Dorsa .... network or group

of ridges

Dorsum...mare ridge

Lacus .... lake

Ma re.....sea

Mons ..... mountain

Montes...mountain range or

group of peaks

Oceanus........ocean

Palus .......... marsh

Promontorium...cape

Rima ........... rille

Rimae .......... network or group

of rilles

Rupes .......... scarp

Sinus .......... bay

Vallis ......... valley

In the case of dorsa, dorsum, lacus, mare, oceanus, palus,

promontorium and sinus, all names are individual, i.e. they are

not taken from nearby named craters or other features.

For mons and montes, all names are individual except for

Gruithuisen Gamma, Gruithuisen Delta and Hadley Delta, where the

original Greek letter designations (spelled out in full) have

been retained, and for Mons Hansteen, Mons Herodotus, Mons Maraldi,

Mons Vitruvius, Montes Archimedes and Montes Secchi, which are

recent changes and additions.

For catena, rima and rimae, the names are taken from the

nearest most appropriate named feature. Note, however, that

Rima Schr_ter is not the sinuous rille in Va]lis Schr_teri, as

on some maps.

For rupes and vallis, the names are again taken from local

named features except for Rupes Altai, Rupes Recta, Vallis Bouvard

and Vallis Schr_teri.

In the case of these last five categories, where features

take the names of local craters or other formations, the distinc-

tion between what is and what is not approved is clearly less

important. The main point of possible issue is in the choice of

the local named feature. For the categories rima and rimae, all

previously IAU-approved designations are listed except for a few

that are clearly inappropriate. Also omitted are a few names

(e.g. Rima Delisle) that are included on LTO charts, but which

are not official since they have not been checked for unambiguous

choice of name.

Coordinates give the approximate centers of the various

formations, while the dimensions apply to their greatest lengths.

10

(3) MINOR AND MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES

(a) craters

Small craters with first-name designations appear only

on NASA Lunar Topophotomap charts; the specific map on which

each appears is given in the list, and should be quoted when

using the name.

(b) non-crater features

The names listed here also appear only on the above

maps, and again the specific map should be referred to when

using the name.

(c) features named to facilitate Apollo mission operations

These appear only on very large-scale maps and photo-

graphs of the landing sites. Explanations of the names may

be found in Transactions of the IAU, XVIB, 363-369, 1976.

(d) miscellaneous

Items not included in any of the previous categories.

11

NASA CATALOGUE OF LUNAR NOMENCLATURE

Part 2 - Listings

Group I -- CRATERS

(a) Named and letter-designated craters -- whole Moon

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127

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128

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129

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130

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134

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135

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136

(d) Named craters only -- whole Moon

|

_W_3W_3_W _3_33W3_ W3WW_WW_3_ _W3_WW_W3 _33_

Z o°oooo*o'o ooooo°°°°o _*_ooo_ooo o°o°_o*°°° oooo°oo°oo

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Z °°oooo°ooo o°o*_oooo oooo_oo°°o Q_°_°o*°o* ooo°°o*ooo

°*ooooo°°o o*_o°_o°o° oo_..o$o_ _°*o***oo _*.*o_oooo

139

3W3333W3_W _W3_W33W3W W3W_W33WW_ W_W33_33_W 33W3WW_WW

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omo_ _ _o_ Nr._ _ _°_9

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t_ _ W_J _i_3 I_ 3 3 W WW3_

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o . o • . • • o o o . • • • o , • . • . o • o o • . o o . • .... o ° . • o • o o o o • . o . . o

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Z ZZ 03_ Z 03_ O_'_ U_ Z UIJ Z _ U_Z U_ Z Z U_ U_ ZU_Z Z U_ZZ_ _ZZZZ_ZU_Z rJ_ U_ U_ _ _Z Z Z _ b_

o o • . • o o o o . • • o • • . . o . • . . o o • • o o • • ........ . o • o . o • o • • o o

140

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141

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142

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143

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144

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Z

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145

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Z ° • ° ° ° o - o ° ° ° ° o * * • • ° ° o * ° ° ° ° = • ° ° * ..... ° . . o ° ° ° ° o ° ° ° ° ° °

ZZ_.OZZZZZZ_ Z 0303 Z Z 03 O0 Z 03 Z 03 Z 03 Z b3 Z Z t.O b3 Z O_ZZZZO3ZO3ZZ Z 03Z 7ZZO303ZZ

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146

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Z

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147

WWW3WWWW33 W333W

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148

(e) Named craters only -- nearside

|

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. • oo_ o .. oo oo •

ZZ_ZZZ_Z Z_Z_ZZ_ZZ Z_ZZ_ ZZ_ZZZZZ_Z _Z_Z_

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151

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152

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153

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154

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_Z_ZZ_Z _Z_Z_ZZ ZZZ_Z_ZZ _Z_Z_Z_ ZZ_Z_ZZ_

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155

W33W_W_WW_ 3_33

Z **°,°*°°°° °*°°

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156

(f) Named craters only -- farside

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°°oo.oo*** oo.oo. °o.

:r ir_r_

° ° . ° . • • • ° ° • . • • ° • . . • . . o . ° ° • . ° ° ° • o . • ° ° ° ° ° ° . o ° . ° . . ° ° °

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Z *o°°o°°oo* *°o*°oo°** °°°**°*°*° °°°°°°_°°° °°°*°°*°°°

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159

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Z °°*_°°*o* °°°°°*°*°° °°'°°°°*°° °°°°_°°°$° °*_°°°°_°

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Z o°°.o°°°o° °o°ooo-*°° °-o°o°o°°° °o°°_-o°°* *$°°°°*°o°

Z_ZZ_ZZ_ _Z_ZZZZ_ZZ _ZZ_ZZZZ_Z _Z_ZZ_ ZZZ_ZZ_

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160

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Z_ZZ__ _ZZ_ZZZZ_ _Z_Z_ _ZZZ_Z_ Z_ZZZZZZ_

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161

Z ° • • _ • o o o • o o * • • • • • o * * * * o * ° * * ° ° ° ° o * * • ° * • _ ° • * • ° ° • o • °

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162

(g) Replacement names (post-1972) for craters

previously having letter designations

E_XZ_

II IJ l{ IJ ii li I_ II II [I I1 II II II II II it [I If It II n II II II II ii II II u II II II li I1 II II # u II II II II li II n Ii ii ii II It II ii ii [i i[

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!

NAME LA__T LON.___G

(i) Planitia Descensus 7 N 64 W

(2) Statio Tranquillitatis I N 23 E

(3) Reiner Gamma 7 N 59 W

(i) refers to the landing site of Luna 9

(2) refers to the landing site of Apollo 11

(3) refers to the unique, bright surface marking at the

specified location. The Greek letter designation

was taken from a nearby mare ridge, now anonymous

183

-i, RepOrt N_. I 2. Governmcn_ Accession No.

tNASA RP- 1097/ J --

4. TiUe and Sub,itl_

NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature

7. Author{s)

Left E. Andersson and Ewen A. Whitaker

9. Performing Organizat.on Name and Add-_s

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory

University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona 8572]

12, Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546

3, Recipient'$ C-,atalo9 No.

5, Report Date

October 1982

6. Perdormin 90rganizahon Code

8. PerformingOrgan_zation Re;>ort No

,0. Work'bL,'_o.

11. Contract or Grant r_o.

I NGL 03-002-]93

13. Type of ReDert ar.d Period Co.e, ed

Reference Publication

15. Supplementary Notes'

1_ Abstract

Newcomers to lunar studies who need to make use of lunar nomencIature often express

dismay at the apparently haphazard and iilogicaI disposition of names and letters onlunar maps, and especially at the apparent lack of standardization between thenumerous maps, catalogues and other publications. Changes, alterations, errors and

inconsistencies should be corrected, and additions have to be made as studies of the

lunar surface become more extensive and detailed. Lunar nomenclature is a method of

communication - whereby important surface features can be visualized immediately

upon seeing their names, and lesser features can be referred to without the need to

resort to lengthy descriptions of their relative or absolute locations. One result

stemming from the activities of the mid-1970's was a difference of opinion between

the IAU and NASA over what constitutes "approved" nomenclature. This Catalogue

presents the complete NASA used lunar nomenclature as of mid-1981. It differs from

the IAU_-approved version in that it includes letter designations for subsidiary

craters, and uses a more familiar spelling for eight names. The US Government (USAF,

AMS, USGS and NASA) had funded virtually all lunar mapping in the US from 1959

onwards, and the letters had been included in most of these extensively used maps.

Many of the letters had been in use for up to 140 years, and were firmly entrenched

in a large body of literature. The listed features have been divided into three main

groups for cataloguing purposes, namely (I) Craters; (2) Non-crater features; and (3)

Minor and miscellaneous features. This Catalogue may therefore be used with full

confidence by researchers, cartographers etc. Its listings supersede all earlier

catalo_qes and maps.

17. Key Words (Sugg_ted by Authoris})

Lunar Nomenclature, Lunar Craters

Lunar Features

1'8, Oistribu_,ion Statement

Subject category 91

Unclassified - Unlimited

21. No. of Pages t 22. Price"I ]84 A09I

19. Security Class,f. Iof :h,sreportl

UNC LAS S IF IEDI 20 Security C_assif (of th.s I_)e!

j UNCLASSIFIED

For sale by the National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia 22161 NASA-Lanql ey, 1982