naadac - nonopioid pain therapy 12-16-2020

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NAADAC Nonopiate Therapy Dec. 16, 2020 >> JESSICA O'BRIEN: Welcome today's webinar. I am the trainer and content manager at NAADAC and I will be the organizer for the training springtime ledger all here today. Closed captioning is provided by Captionaccess and click on the link to use closed captioning. Every NAADAC webinar has its own webpage that houses everything you need to know about that particular event. Immediately following the live event today you will find the online CE quiz link on the same website you use to register for the webinar. So everything you need to know will be permanently [email protected]/nonopiate therapy, and you can see the website link at the top of the slide. We are using Goto Webinar for the event and you will notice the panel on the side of your screen. You can see the orange arrow and it will minimize the menu and get out of your way or expanded by pressing the arrow again. If you have questions for the presenter please type them in the questions box address your questions. under the questions tab there are the handouts and user friendly instructional guide. You can see the online CE quiz and immediately earn your CE certificate so please use the instructions in the handout tab when you're ready to take the quiz but now let me introduce you to today's presenter. Dr. Tammy Fleming has been working in pain management for almost 20 years including inpatient rounds of facilities with large volumes of patients with a history of substance use disorder. She is involved in multiple committees and serves on the University of Pittsburgh physicians pain steering committee. With others who treat those with substance use disorders. 50% of her patients have substance use disorder or substance use disorder issues, either active or in their history with the new pain related issues so NAADAC is delighted to have this presenter here with us today. And for you to get all this wonderful information so Tammy, if you are ready I will hand it to you.

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NAADAC  

Nonopiate  Therapy    

Dec.  16,  2020  

   

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Welcome  today's  webinar.    I  am  the  trainer  and  content  manager  at  NAADAC  and  I  will  be  the  organizer  for  the  training  springtime  ledger  all  here  today.  Closed  captioning  is  provided  by  Captionaccess  and  click  on  the  link  to  use  closed  captioning.    Every  NAADAC  webinar  has  its  own  webpage  that  houses  everything  you  need  to  know  about  that  particular  event.  Immediately  following  the  live  event  today  you  will  find  the  online  CE  quiz  link  on  the  same  website  you  use  to  register  for  the  webinar.    So  everything  you  need  to  know  will  be  permanently  [email protected]/non-­‐opiate  therapy,  and  you  can  see  the  website  link  at  the  top  of  the  slide.  

 

We  are  using  Goto  Webinar  for  the  event  and  you  will  notice  the  panel  on  the  side  of  your  screen.    You  can  see  the  orange  arrow  and  it  will  minimize  the  menu  and  get  out  of  your  way  or  expanded  by  pressing  the  arrow  again.  

 

If  you  have  questions  for  the  presenter  please  type  them  in  the  questions  box  address  your  questions.  under  the  questions  tab  there  are  the  handouts  and  user  friendly  instructional  guide.    You  can  see  the  online  CE  quiz  and  immediately  earn  your  CE  certificate  so  please  use  the  instructions  in  the  handout  tab  when  you're  ready  to  take  the  quiz  but  now  let  me  introduce  you  to  today's  presenter.    Dr.  Tammy  Fleming  has  been  working  in  pain  management  for  almost  20  years  including  inpatient  rounds  of  facilities  with  large  volumes  of  patients  with  a  history  of  substance  use  disorder.    She  is  involved  in  multiple  committees  and  serves  on  the  University  of  Pittsburgh  physicians  pain  steering  committee.    With  others  who  treat  those  with  substance  use  disorders.  

 

50%  of  her  patients  have  substance  use  disorder  or  substance  use  disorder  issues,  either  active  or  in  their  history  with  the  new  pain  related  issues  so  NAADAC  is  delighted  to  have  this  presenter  here  with  us  today.    And  for  you  to  get  all  this  wonderful  information  so  Tammy,  if  you  are  ready  I  will  hand  it  to  you.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Thank  you  so  much  for  the  introduction.    Good  afternoon  everyone  and  if  you  are  on  the  East  Coast  I  hope  you  are  enjoying  our  snowstorm.    I  am  glad  to  be  at  home.    I  have  to  admit.    We  have  about  6  inches  of  snow  outside.    I  live  in  Pittsburgh  so  hopefully  everybody  is  staying  warm  and  safe.    Today  we  are  going  to  talk  about  pain  management  and  some  other  options  for  treating  pain  management  that  do  not  include  opiates.    Sometimes  opiates  are  something  we  must  use  in  every  patient  but  trying  to  give  some  other  options  as  well.  

 

So  learning  objective  one.    We  will  be  able  to  identify  the  members  of  an  interdisciplinary  team.    Be  able  to  identify  five  medications  or  procedures  for  pain  management  and  acquire  basic  skills  and  methods  for  pain  management.    So  when  we  talk  about  non-­‐opiate  treatment  of  pain  and  the  rationale  behind  it,  pain  is  more  than  a  sensory  experience.    It  has  cognitive  behavioral  social  cultural  and  spiritual  dimensions  to  it.    And  these  are  ways  that  we  can  treat  the  patient  in  a  different  way  working  on  the  cognitive  and  cultural  dimensions  that  surround  pain  management  as  a  whole.    And  it  is  mostly  treated  best  with  a  combination  of  pharmacologic  and  nonpharmacological  therapies.    Comprehensive  pain  management  has  been  shown  to  improve  pain  and  increase  function,  improve  outcomes  and  decrease  depression  and  anxiety  with  patients.  

 

So  we  go  after  and  interdisciplinary  approach.    And  where  I  work,  we  strongly  focus  on  this  interdisciplinary  approach.    We  have  occupational  therapy,  physical  therapy,  pain  psychology,  pain  psychiatry,  physicians  who  specialize  in  different  areas  of  affordable  we  have  a  neurologist  in  our  group,  that  is  not  typically  a  pain  management  certification  as  a  neurologist,  but  she  handles  most  of  our  migraines  and  fibromyalgia  patients.    We  have  another  physician  who  specializes  in  facial  pain.    As  well  as  chronic  abdominal  pain  so  we've  felt  this  interdisciplinary  approach  to  dealing  with  patients  with  pain  and  how  can  we  add  everything  store  practice.  

 

We  do  medical  marijuana,  we  also  have  an  acupuncturist  within  our  group.    And  so  we  really  work  on  trying  to  put  all  these  things  together.    I  forgot  also,  we  have  a  social  work  of  worth  in  our  group.  

 

 The  trademarks  of  an  interdisciplinary  approach  is  assured  philosophy,  mission  and  objectives.  We  all  have  complementary  roles  and  we  have  an  open  communication,  our  system  is  set  up  with  EPIC  charting  where  we  are  able  to  communicate  with  each  other  simply.    Integration  of  knowledge  in  skills,  shared  problem-­‐solving,  consensus-­‐based  decisions  and  shared  accountability.    Our  goals  are  clear  focus,  realistic  and  measurable.  

 

We  have  a  program  that  is  based  on  each  patient  so  we  can  discuss  different  goals  for  the  patient  did  with  COVID  we've  gotten  more  inventive  about  that  but  we  still  have  the  program  set.  

 

The  accepted  gold  standard  for  the  G  Bid  of  high  impact  chronic  pain  is  an  interdisciplinary  model.    So  pain  medicine  physicians,  neurosurgery,  rheumatology  psychiatry,  neurology,  sleep  medicine  and  PM&R  psychologists  that  specialize  in  pain,  rehab  and  neuropsychology,  and  also  PTs  motives,  RNs,  SWs,  and  I  find  this  helpful  because  it  helps  take  comfort  in  that  we  are  not  alone  in  treating  pain  we  are  all  working  together  and  we  all  have  the  same  goal.    And  it  makes,  since  pain  management  can  be  such  a  difficult  field,  it  allows  us  to  feel  we  are  all  working  together  towards  the  greater  good.  

 

why  use  and  interpret  disciplinary  approach?  The  presence  of  pain  affects  all  aspects  of  a  patient's  functioning,  there's  holistic  treatment  were  readdressed  bio,  psychosocial  factors.    Any  opportunities  develop  the  team  approach  are  included  so  we  typically  interview  the  patient,  we  meet  together  and  discuss  -­‐-­‐  and  make  a  plan  with  the  patient  as  to  how  we  feel  our  physical  therapist  or  occupational  therapist,  our  pain  psychologist  could  fit  into  their  care.    Do  they  need  all  three  pieces  of  the  program  are  just  a  pain  psychologist?  

 

Having  them  participate  with  us  in  the  self-­‐management  guarantees  participation,  accountability,  independence  and  gives  them  skill  building.  

 

So  who  is  included  in  a  multidisciplinary  team?    Right  now  we  are  dealing-­‐-­‐  at  multiple  hospitals  are  dealing  with  the  new  requirements  for  multidisciplinary  pain  team.    We  have  come  up  with  what  we  figure  is  the  gold  standard,  which  is  a  lot  of  these  groups  within  this  section.    And  we've  come  up  with  maybe  your  hospital  does  not  have  all  the  scripture  you  group  does  not  have  all  of  these  people.    But  as  many  pieces  of  this  puzzle  that  you  can  put  into  place,  the  better  off  the  patient  care  will  be.  

 

We  have  the  patient  in  the  center  with  the  physician,  the  nurse  and  psychologist,  the  social  worker,,  sponsor  and  addiction-­‐ologist  so  I'm  also  reaching  out  to  the  patient  that's  often  in  recovery  that's  not  on  any  medication  assisted  treatment  and  they  are  in  the  hospital  with  a  broken  leg.    So  how  do  we  help  them  with  their  pain?    We  may  reach  out  with  her  sponsor  or  

bring  the  social  worker  on  board  to  connect  that  patient  to  the  proper  avenues  so  that  we  treat  that  patient  with  everybody  on  board  and  everybody  is  on  the  same  page.  

 

Please  share  your  primary  role,  whether  it  be  nurse,  doctor,  counselor,  social  worker,  peer  recovery  support  or  other?  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Let  me  grab  the  poll  question  here.    Please  share  your  -­‐-­‐  now  you  should  see  the  poll  on  your  screen  to  go  ahead  and  select  your  answer.    People  are  on  top  of  it  here.  

 

[Poll]  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Let  me  give  you  five  more  seconds.    Do  not  forget  to  put  your  questions  and  the  questions  box  we  can  answer  them  at  the  end  in  the  Q&A  and  I  am  going  to  close  the  poll  now  and  share  the  results,  so  you  should  see  them  pop  up  on  your  screen.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Okay.    Awesome.    So,  we've  got  a  lot  of  counselors  on  here.    That  is  great  but  some  of  this  that  I  will  speak  to,  you  guys  will  know  very  well  and  just  maybe  not  how  to  put  it  together  with  pain  management.    And  so  I  look  forward  to  any  questions  you  might  have  at  the  end.  

 

So  what  do  we  put  in  our  chronic  pain  management  toolkit?    First  we  have  discovered  if  we  acknowledge  the  patient  is  expressing  pain,  that  sounds  a  little  silly  but  a  lot  of  our  patients,  particularly  those  with  substance  use  and  abuse  history  feel  like  they  need  to  explain  their  pain.    They  need  to  get  us  to  believe  they  are  having  pain  and  once  we  acknowledge  they  are  experiencing  pain,  that  allows  us  to  get  on  the  same  page  with  the  patient  because  these  patients  feel  like  you  just  think  I'm  trying  to  get  more  medicine  or  I'm  trying  to  do  something  I  should  not  be  doing.    My  first  response  typically  is,  no,  I  know  you  are  having  pain.    Totally  on  the  same  pages  you.    We  just  need  to  work  together  on  a  good  plan.  

 

Avoid  making  them  feel  like  they  do  not  have  physical  problems.    Even  if  medically  we  do  not  know  what  the  physical  condition  is.    Sometimes  chronic  abdominal  pain  we  may  not  be  able  to  find  the  source  but  it  does  not  mean  we  make  the  patient  feel  like  it  is  in  their  head.    Can  we  still  treat  the  patient  as  they  are  experiencing  pain  of  some  sort.  

 

   Avoid  heavy  anatomy  or  research-­‐based  explanations.    That  is  the  last  thing  the  patient  wants  to  hear.    They  want  you  to  talk  to  them  One  on  one  and  not  try  to  hide  behind  a  lot  of  anatomy  or  research-­‐based  explanations.  

 

Once  you  acknowledge  the  pain  I  find  that  you  can  focus,  you  can  shift  the  focus  to  function.    For  example,  I  see  you  are  suffering,  I  can  imagine  everyday  things  are  hard  for  you  with  this  pain.    Let's  talk  about  what  you're  having  a  hard  time  at  home.    We  can  acknowledge  the  pain  but  refocus  them  onto  how  can  we  help  you?    What  can  we  do  to  make  things  better  for  you?  

 

   Empower  your  patient  and  make    them  feel  like  they  can  be  smarter  than  the  pain.    The  p  to  their  success,  which  I  am  sure  you  are  all  familiar  with  on  the  road  to  recovery  with  substance  use  disorders.    Chronic  pain  fits  in  that  category  for  the  patient  has  to  be  in  control  of  that  recovery  not  the  therapist.  

 

Pain  is  a  difficulty  you  have  in  your  life  however  whether  it  controls  your  life  or  future  is  up  to  you.    I  have  had  clinicians  that  you  can  be  up  chronic  pain  patient  or  patient  with  chronic  pain  and  I  would  rather  be  the  latter  because  it  means  chronic  pain  is  a  part  of  me  and  does  not  define  me.    And  when  you  explain  that  the  patient's,  a  lot  of  times  it  is  in  eye  opener  to  them  and  they  don't  have  to  be  defined  by  this  disease,  they  can  be  defined  by  what  they  do  in  life  and  how  they  move  forward.  

 

We  want  to  promote  independence  as  much  as  possible.    We  want  to  provide  structure  and  strategies  but  it's  important  that  we  do  not  make  the  goals  for  the  patient.    We  may  guide  them  in  their  goals  and  assist  them  in  making  those  goals  but  we  do  not  make  the  goals  for  the  patient.  

 

   We  want  to  use  motivational  interviewing  techniques  which  I  am  speaking  to  the  choir  on  that  one.  Open  ended  questions  and  inquiring  why  they  feel  a  certain  way  or  how  confident  they  can  be  to  change.  

 

So,  the  pain  cycle  starts  with  physical  changes  so  they  may  have  muscle  spasms  which  decreases  their  flexibility  and  strength  and  it  starts  to  change  their  posture  and  that  leads  to  a  functional  change  where  they  do  not  do  as  much  because  it  hurts  so  they  will  stay  in  bed  or  in  

their  chair,  they  decrease  challenge  to  activity  because  they're  not  doing  anything.    Now  they  have  decreased  social  contact,  and  that  leads  to  emotional  changes  of  frustration,  anxiety,  depression,  low-­‐self-­‐esteem  and  fear.    When  we  have  all  those  together  they  start  to  feed  off  of  one  another's  ,  less  functional.      

 

They  do  not  want  to  get  out  of  bed,  all  my  knee  hurts  when  I  walk  so  I  stopped  walking.  Now  they're  not  going  out  and  meeting  their  friends.    I  have  a  patient  who  is  older  and  suffers  from  depression  to  begin  with  and  one  of  the  biggest  things  we  talk  about  is  how  many  times  did  she  go  swimming  each  week.    I  require  that,  I  want  her  to  go  two  times  a  week,  not  because  the  swimming  is  not  good  for  her  and  activities  good  for,  but  she  tends  to  on  Fridays  when  she  goes  over  they  all  go  out  to  lunch  afterward  which  is  good  for  her.  

 

So  those  are  the  kind  of  things  I  am  talking  about  to  break  t  

   So  how  do  you  break  the  cycle?    You  teach  the  patient  to  accept  the  pain  and  there  is  not  a  cure  or  easy  fix.    And  accepting  it  can  move  past  it.    I  often  talk  about  a  patient  who  had  neuropathic  pain.    Unfortunately,  his  with  idiopathic  meaning  we  don't  know  why  he  had  this  pain.    So  we  went  there  medication  after  medication.    And  then  we  had  him  in  therapy  and  we  were  using  creams  and  medications  and  I  think  at  one  point  we  had  even  gone  to  opiates  because  we  just  didn't  know  what  else  to  do  for  him.  

 

He  had  been  seeing  our  doctor  about  six  months.    And  just  that  particular  time,  I  was  the  one  doing  his  intake.    And  we  are  talking  and  chatting  and  I  said,  something  he  has  said  to  me  and  I  said,  you  do  realize  that  the  nerve  damage  is  done.    There  is  no  going  back  from  this  point  as  far  as  the  neuropathy.    So  even  if  we  found  out  tomorrow  why,  it  wouldn't  change  her  current  outcome.    Now,  can  we  move  forward?    Absolutely.  

 

But  what  has  happened  has  happened,  it  is  nerves.    From  that  day  on,  he  was  able  to  wean  off  all  his  opiates,  was  on  minimal  adjuvant  and  got  his  life  back  and  stopped  seeing  us  because  he  understood  at  that  moment  that  there  was  no  cure.    This  was  not  going  to  be  an  easy  fix,  he  was  not  going  to  be  pain-­‐free  and  just  learning  to  accept  that  changed  his  whole  outcome.    Getting  involved  we  want  patients  to  take  an  active  role  in  their  recovery  and  set  priorities.    Look  beyond  the  pain  to  the  important  things  in  life.  

 

I  have  a  patient  who  has  trigeminal  neuralgia  and  she  struggles  to  look  past  the  pain.    She  struggles  to  look  at  what  is  important  in  her  life.    She  has  allowed  it  to  shelter  her,  in  her  home  

probably  85-­‐95%  of  the  time  and  she  is  only  in  her  30s.    It  is  just  because  she  cannot  look  past  the  pain  issue.  

 

We  want  to  set  realistic  goals  that  are  within  your  power  to  accomplish.    We  want  small  victories.    Like  you  are  doing  anything,  like  weight  loss,  celebrate  the  small  victories  with  a  new  shirt  or  extra  walk,  whatever  it  might  be.    You  want  short-­‐term  and  long-­‐term  goals.    You  want  smart  goals  specific  and  measurable,  attainable,  relevant  and  time-­‐based.  

 

I  spell  that  out  because  I'm  one  of  the  people  that  I  have  to  always  look  that  up  every  time  I  read  it.    I  know  what  it  means  in  general  but  I'm  going  to  be  honest  it  is  one  of  those  things  for  me.  

 

Reach  out.    You  want  to  share  what  you've  learned  with  friends  and  family  and  coworkers  and  teach  others  about  pain  management  and  your  management  in  the  process.    We  have  a  part  of  our  thing  where  we  do  group  therapy  where  one  might  say  oh  my  gosh,  a  roomful  of  chronic  pain  patients,  wow,  but  it  is  worked  out  really  well.    They  really  do  feed  off  each  other  in  a  positive  way.    Saying,  hey,  when  I  tried  X  and  really  work  for  me,  maybe  you  should  try  it.    I  use  my  tenens  unit  at  this  point  and  this  point  in  the  day  and  it  gets  me  through.    Things  have  worked  well  for  our  patient  population.  

 

Types  of  pain  were  going  to  talk  about  the  two  different  types  to  give  you  some  background.  Nonsusceptible  pain  is  from  trauma  to  the  tissue  paid  transmitted  from  periphery  to  spinal  cord.    It  is  described  as  dull,  aching,  throbbing  and  sharp  and  it  is  opioid  responsive.    So  it  nonsusceptible  is  the  easy  pain  to  treat.    Somebody  fell  and  broke  their  legs  and  life  goes  on.    When  it  becomes  a  chronic  issue  is  when  it  becomes  an  issue  for  us,  because  those  can  no  longer  be  opiate  responsive.  

 

   Neuropathic  pain  is  the  bane  of  my  existence.    It  results  from  damage  to  the  peripheral  or  central  nervous  system.  So  this  could  be  diabetic  neuropathy  to  central  stroke  syndrome.    Damage  can  come  from  trauma  or  disease.    It  is  usually  described  as  burning,  shooting,  electrical,  tingling,  and  it  always  requires  multimodal  treatment.    There  are  multiple  medications  we  typically  use,  I  will  go  through  those,  but  it  really  does  take  pretty  much  all  of  them  put  together  to  help  with  pain.  

 

What  are  some  medications  and  other  things  that  we  do  use.    NSAIDs,  opioids,  adjuvant  medications,  invasive  techniques  and  then  we  will  look  at  the  non-­‐pharmacological.  

 

A  little  brief  overview  of  the  non-­‐opiates  like  acetaminophen  and  NSAIDs,  they're  both  effective  against  nociceptive  pain.    People  have  an  analgesic  ceiling  in  patients  particularly  those  with  a  history  of  substance  use  disorder,  sometimes  they  think  that  the  idea  of  taking  more  makes  things  better  applies  even  to  acetaminophen  and  NSAIDs.    I  have  a  young  gentleman  in  the  hospital  who  just  was  admitted  for  a  GI  bleeding  because  he  was  taking  5-­‐6  ibuprofen  every  3-­‐4  hours.  

 

We  really  want  to  instruct  that  they  do  have  an  analgesic  ceiling.    Like  ibuprofen  is  2400  mg  a  day.    And  it  can  cause  bleeding  or  kidney  damage  if  that  is  exceeded.  

 

We  restricted  Tylenol  24  g  and  24  hours  to  prevent  liver  damage.    That  has  now  become  2  g  in  24  hours.  

 

NSAIDs,  these  have  a  black  box  warning  because  of  cardiac  effects.    All  of  the  anti-­‐inflammatories  with  the  exception  of  Celebrex  are  COX  one  and  COX  two.    COX  one  is  what  we  do  not  want  within  and  said,  it  upsets  your  stomach  and  creates  a  block  of  histamine  release  as  well  as  decrease  platelet  aggregation.    So  those  two  things  are  things  that  you'd  not  take  an  anti-­‐inflammatory  for.  But  they  do  come  with  the  program,  so  when  you're  taking  it,  for  the  COX  two,  Celebrex  is  the  only  COX  to  only  medication.    Those  who  have  been  unable  to  take  an  anti-­‐inflammatory  because  of  reflux  or  a  blood  thinner  that  they  are  on  Celebrex  is  a  good  option  for  that.  

 

Adjuvants.    So  antidepressants  play  a  large  part  in  what  we  do.    Not  just  because  of  the  aspects  that  help  pain,  but  because  we  often  tell  people,  they  will  come  in  and  are  crying  and  are  upset  and  they  will  see  you  just  need  to  treat  my  pain.    And  we  tried  to  explain  to  them  that  if  we  do  not  improve  your  mood,  the  pain  onto  better.    So  we  need  to  do  our  part  to  make  your  mood  better  so  that  we  can  help  your  pain.  

 

Cymbalta  is  used  most  frequently,  it  was  created  specifically  with  chronic  pain  in  mind.    It  has  an  NMDA  receptor  that  helps  neuropathic  pain.    And  in  in  addition  it  helps  the  mood  so  the  patient  suffering  from  psychosocial  issues  with  their  pain,  they  are  depressed  and  do  not  want  

to  get  out  of  the  house,  the  pain  cycle  we  were  talking  about,  Cymbalta  can  help  with  the  pain  and  help  with  their  mood  and  get  them  moving  forward.    Anticonvulsants  such  as  gabapentin  and  pregabalin,  they  suppress  neural  firing  so  they  are  useful  to  neuropathic  pain.    So  there  is  abuse  potential  that  we  are  currently  facing  which  is  why  it  has  become  scheduled  in  many  states,  Pennsylvania  is  not.    But  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  has  been  so  I  do  not  use  that  lightly.    We  are  more  careful  than  we  used  to  be  but  it's  one  of  the  better  medications  to  use  for  neuropathic  pain,  simple  because  it  is  cheap.    We  come  across  a  lot  of  patients  that  don't  have  insurance  or  Medicaid  and  we  need  to  be  mindful  of  medications  that  are  not  expensive.    One  of  the  best  things  that  ever  happened  to  us  recently  in  the  past  year  is  this  became  generic.    Being  generic  now  has  improved  costs  and  improved  what  we’re  trying  to  do  with  patients  so  that  is  been  a  godsend  for  us.  

 

These  are  hardly  used  anymore  but  we  do  use  muscle  relaxers.    I  will  say  with  all  of  them  with  the  exception  of  soma,  that  has  addictive  qualities  to  it  so  we  do  not  use  it.    But  Robaxin,  Baclofen,  Flexeril,  those  help  with  a  lot  of  times,  the  side  effects  can  be  making  patients  tired  so  that  can  improve  their  sleep  as  well.    We  use  steroids  through  injection  form  to  decrease  pain  by  decreasing  edema.    Often  injections  will  just  break  the  cycle  of  the  pain  and  give  the  patient  a  bit  of  a  breather  of  pain  so  they  can  move  forward  and  reset  themselves.    Topical's,  we  are  gaining  ground  with  compounds  which  I  will  go  over  in  a  moment.  

 

Topical  anti-­‐inflammatory-­‐-­‐Voltearen  Gel,  this  is  reasonably  affordable,  it  is  not  super  inexpensive,  particularly  the  patients  only  paying  two  dollars  when  it  was  covered  by  insurance.    But  once  the  insurance  is  over-­‐the-­‐counter  the  insured  stops  covering  them  usually  but  it's  available  and  often  helpful  with  osteoarthritic  type  pain,  knees,  joints  and  things  like  that.    The  Flexor  patch  really  never  took  off  because  it's  never  been  approved  by  insurance,  Aspercreme  has  come  out  with  aromatherapy  and  with  Lidocaine.    We  will  talk  about  aromatherapy  at  the  end  of  it  so  that  it  plays  into  using  that  for  pain  management  as  well.  

 

Topical  lidocaine,  we  can  get  patches.    They  have  little  systemic  absorption  for  the  do  need  to  be  given  an  adequate  trial  of  about  two  weeks.    The  biggest  adverse  reaction  is  redness  or  rash  at  the  site.    They  are  now  in  generics  of  the  not  covered  by  insurance  with  the  exception  of  postherpetic  neuralgia,  but  over  the  counter  is  4%  and  this  brand  is  5%  so  that's  not  that  big  of  a  difference.  

 

Other  topical  jobs  like  capsaicin  and  things,  bio  freeze  which  is  helpful  for  patients.    

 

 There  are  specialty  compounding  creams  Being  used  more  and  more.    They  are  typically  created  with  special  pharmacy.    They  are  compounded  but  they  have  less  than  1%  systemic  absorption.    For  example,  I  had  a  patient  who  had  diabetic  neuropathy.    In  his  feet.    We  gave  him  gabapentin.    100  mg  had  him  walking  into  walls  every  time  he  got  out  of  bed  pretty  just  really  could  not  tolerate  it.    Tried  Cymbalta  and  there  were  side  effects.    Add  Lyrica  and  had  problems  with  that.    We  went  to  a  compound  cream  with  local  anesthetic  next  with  gabapentin  in  the  agreement  itself.    He  applies  three  times  a  day,  it  works  in  he  has  no  issues  and  he  has  no  pain  with  no  side  effects.  

 

So  little  bit  about  injection  certain  nerve  blocks,  these  can  be  up  to  diagnose  pain.    A  variety  of  them  can  be  used.  They  are  not  a  cure  but  can  provide  a  break  in  the  cycle  of  the  pain.  

 

So,  we  have  a  cervical  or  lumbar  epidural  steroid  injection  for  those  can  also  break  off  into  selective  were  we  target  specific  nerves  for  specific  pain.    Medial  branch  block  treats  basically  chronic  low  back  pain  grid  we  are  doing  a  lot  with  joint  injections.    Such  as  there  is  a  new  procedure  called  Coleef  which  is  an  option  for  patients  who  cannot  have  a  total  knee  due  to  health  concerns  and  are  too  young  or  old  or  not  a  candidate.    Had  a  total  knee  and  it  didn't  work,  we  can  block  the  nerves  and  then  we  can  proceed  to  burning  the  nurse  and  having  that  patient  one  to  two  years  relief.    I  don't  think  anyone  realized  how  prevalent  this  issue  was  until  there  was  a  commercial  here  in  Pittsburgh  on  one  of  our  local  news  channels  on  this  new  procedure  about  two  years  ago  when  it  started.  

 

And  the  website  crashed  the  next  day  at  greater  than  80,000  people  trying  to  access  it  at  one  time.    So  knee  pain  is  a  big  issue.    We  are  working  on  trying  to  use  the  same  technique  for  sacroiliac  pain  as  well  as  hip  pain  rated  

 

Trigger  point  injections  can  be  helpful  for  muscle  spasms,  and  then  very  specific  nerve  blocks  based  on  different  pain  conditions.  

 

We  are  going  to  talk  about  non-­‐pharmacology.    So,  the  biggest  thing  is  that  people  ask  me,  how  does  this  reduce  pain?    There's  about  five  different  things.    It  can  reduce  pain  by  interrupting  the  transmission  of  the  signal  before  they  produce  awareness  in  the  brain.    It  may  work  by  competing  for  attention  and  limiting  one's  capacity  to  feel  the  pain.  

 

A  lot  of  them  produce  a  relaxing  effect  such  as  massage  or  sometimes  exercise  or  heat  and  can  release  the  physical  or  emotional  tension  which  decreases  pain.    They  can  possibly  stimulate  the  release  of  your  body's  natural  endorphins  and  the  natural  opiate  that  we  produce.    They  can  work  by  changing  pain  related  thoughts.    So  all  of  those  things  are  very  important  when  trying  to  treat  pain.  

 

So,  like  I  said,  potential  mechanisms,  the  interrupt  pain  transmission,  release  tension,  release  the  peptides  and  change  pain  related  thoughts.  

 

Regardless  of  the  effect  on  the  intensity  of  pain,  there  are  additional  benefits  to  nonpharmacologic  interventions.    Reducing  anxiety,  improving  one's  mood  and  you  give  someone  control  over  the  pain.    If  you  teach  them  about  cognitive  behavioral  therapy  were  buyout  therapy  for  distraction,  it  gives  some  control  over  their  pain  instead  of  letting  the  pain  Have  control  over  them.    Improving  sleep.    If  your  sleep  is  not  good,  you  have  fatigue  you  will  not  perceive  your  pain  well.    Improving  function,  which  improves  the  pain.    And  hopefully  affect  most  importantly,  improving  your  quality  of  life.  

 

What  are  some  barriers?    We  have  a  lot  of  barriers.    Lack  of  knowledge.    Belief  that  nonpharmacologic  interventions  are  not  effective.    That  is  both  on  both  ends  of  it,  patients  believe  that  we  have  staff  that  believe  that.    There's  a  big  thing  work  nursing  does  not  document  these  types  of  interventions  because  they  do  not  feel  they  are  effective.  

 

I  can  tell  you  when  I  talk  about  it  in  nurse  residency  or  in  orientation,  I  get  a  lot  of  eye  roles  from  nursing  staff  like  oh  essential  oils  will  fix  everything?    No,  they  are  not.    But  can  they  help  a  patient  with  pain  maybe  take  away  5%?    Okay,  well  if  I  add  six  things  that  take  away  5%,  I've  decreased  their  pain  by  30%.    That  is  a  large  number  two  somebody  who  is  chronic  pain.  

 

Perceptions  that  the  patient  will  not  be  receptive.    I  can  tell  you,  most  of  the  time  patients  are  receptive  to  anything  that  will  try  to  help.    Lack  of  time  and  equipment.    A  lot  of  things  I  will  show  you  later  do  not  require  a  lot  of  equipment  but  they  do  require  some  time,  and  that  is  something  that  we  try  to  encourage  nursing  to  carve  out  when  they  can.  

 

And  lack  of  support  from  colleagues  and  administrators.    I  will  tell  you,  in  light  of  the  opiate  crisis,  none  opiate,  non-­‐pharmacology  pain  management  has  taken  off  in  such  a  way  and  gotten  

so  much  support  from  administration  because  they  are  looking  now  for  ways  to  improve  pain  without  dipping  into  the  opiate  epidemic.  

 

So  it's  really  been  an  open  window  for  nursing  staff.    And  my  colleagues,  to  work  with  administration  because  there  now  focused  on  improving  these  things.  

 

So  let's  talk  about  basic  comfort  measures.    Positioning.    One  of  my  patients  was  struggling  because  he  was  so  tilted  in  the  bed,  it  was  a  simple  maneuver  just  to  straighten  him  out.    It  sounds  silly,  but  Elinor  just  a  little  tilted  it's  no  big  deal.    No,  positioning  is  important.    Environmental  conditions  such  as  lighting,  noise,  temperature.  

 

   My  dad  is  86  and  likes  to  mow  the  entire  lawn  and  I  tried  to  explain  If  you  took  breaks  and  if  you  paced  your  time  you  would  not  be  down  for  48  hours  doing  that  and  trust  me,  do  not  say  that  I've  already  tried  doing  it  instead,  he  just  will  not  let  me.    He  wants  to  have  it  just  so,  and  instead  of  taking  breaks  and  pacing  his  activities  and  resting,  he  does  the  whole  thing  and  then  he  is  down  and  out  for  the  count  for  48  hours  but  then  looking  at  supportive  devices,  how  can  we  make  sure,  is  or  something  that  we  can  be  doing  for  the  patient  supportively  to  help  them  maneuver  better?  

 

Physical  exercise.    Aerobic  exercise  and  resistance  training.    Passive  exercise  and  those  already  debilitated  pretty  useful  for  low  back  pain,  osteoarthritis,  we  develop  a  plan  for  daily  exercise.    An  hour  of  physical  therapy.  Or  30  minutes  of  physical  therapy  is  not  going  to  correct  16  hours  of  poor  posture.    So  we  work  with  the  patients  on  developing  something  that  the  lifestyle  change  for  them  to  better  help  them  move  and  function.  

 

That  being  said,  I  want  to  ask  everyone  here,  how  many  nets  of  physical  activity  do  you  personally  get  every  day?  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Let  me  launch  this  second  poll.    Stay  tuned  and  it  should  pop  up  on  your  screen.    They  go.    How  many  minutes  of  physical  activity  personally  that  per  day.    And  don't  forget  to  put  your  questions  in  the  questions  box  today.      

 

I  am  going  to  close  the  poll  now  and  share  the  results.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Okay.  We  got  some  very  active  people.  Yay  you!  I  am  not  that  good,  I  will  admit  it.    This  is  great.    That  is  the  kind  of  encouragement  we  need  for  our  patients  because  when  you  tell  somebody  who  has  been  doing  no  physical  activity,  a  lot  of  times  they  are  noncompliant.    Now  you're  telling  somebody  does  zero  physical  activity  that  we  want  you  to  work  up  to  doing  30-­‐45  minute  per  day.    You  know?    So  working  with  the  patient  in  developing  ways  to  make  that  happen  is  part  of  what  we  do  as  well.  

 

   So  we  don't  just  say  to  the  patient,  okay,  I  want  you  to  do  exercise  About  30-­‐40  minutes  a  day.    Like  I  was  saying  with  my  patient  with  a  swimming  pool,  I  say  to  her,  I  want  you  to  go  to  the  pool  2-­‐3  times  a  week  and  I  will  call  you  on  Friday  before  I  leave  work  for  the  day  and  see  how  many  times  you  did  that  this  week.    Sue  give  the  patient  what  they  should  do,  how  they  can  accomplish  it,  and  hold  them  accountable  to  accomplishing  that  task.  

 

Occupational  therapy,  we  facilitate  through  the  therapeutic  use  of  everyday  activities,  they  work  with  the  patient's  to  see  how  they  are  doing  things  and  could  they  provide  better  ways  of  doing  things?    Could  we  give  them  other  devices  to  help  them  with  their  activities?    And  we  want  to  maximize  the  patient's  function.  

 

We  evaluate  for  baseline  level  of  participation  in  activities  of  daily  living.    Leisure  and  work  greatly  focus  on  function,  education  and  compliance  rather  than  pain  reduction  because  if  patients  are  focus  on  their  pain  it  makes  it  difficult  to  help  them  and  we  want  them  to  focus  on  getting  better  and  feeling  better.  

 

Establish  an  understanding  of  the  occupational  therapists  role.    Again,  making  sure  they  understand  this  is  about  independence  and  control  and  self-­‐management.  

 

How  does  occupational  therapy  help?    They  break  the  pain  cycle  of  getting  the  patient  moving,  thereby  managing  pain.    They  teach  them  pacing  as  we  talked  about  great  analysis  of  their  physical  life  and  what  they  are  doing  pretty  help  them  establish  a  walking  program.    Maybe  an  upper  extremity  exercise  program  if  they  have  knee  pain  so  let's  not  focus  on  where  the  pain  is  let's  focus  on  extremities  that  are  working  well.  

 

We  work  on  body  mechanics.    We  work  on  simple  vacation  and  planning  so  that  plan  out  the  day  so  they  don't  expend  all  the  energy  they  do  have  pretty  work  on  flare  management  and  I  can  tell  you  flare  management,  as  a  whole,  does  not  include  increasing  patients  medications.    We  work  with  heat,  ice,  rest,  exercise,  things  like  that.  

 

Making  sure  they  have  leisure  time  and  using  it  well.    Because  that  is  important  in  helping  with  pain.    And  making  sure  they  are  setting  goals.    I  use  this  to  talk  to  nursing  staff,  if  patient  had  survey  and  their  pain  is  a  five  what  was  post  to  b_0,  while  we  as  nurses  think  five  is  fine,  the  patient  that  thought  it  was  zero  does  not  think  five  is  fine.    So  goalsetting  is  important  for  patients.    Whether  it  establishes  the  pain  goal,  a  goal  for  function,  whether  like  I  said  it  is  establishing  a  goal  of,  I'm  going  to  go  swim  two  or  three  times  this  week.  

 

Pacing.    We  want  to  find  a  patient's  baseline.    Then  we  want  to  report  progress  and  increase  their  accountability  and  allow  them  to  do  a  self-­‐reward  when  they  do  things  well  and  pace.    They  may  have  some  pain,  so  they  will  take  a  little  rest,  but  it  eases  up  but  then  they  go  overboard.    So  we  need  to  teach  them  to  break  the  cycle  of  the  overactivity  piece.  

 

We  try  to  teach  them  the  three  day  rule.    So  if  you  have  a  bad  day  three  days  in  a  row,  now  we  need  to  talk,  now  we  need  to  adjust  something.    But  if  it  is  just  one  bad  day,  and  everybody's  allowed  to  have  that.    Even  two.    When  it  stretches  into  three  now  we  need  to  talk  about  your  goals  and  what  you  are  doing  with  her  pain  management  again.  

 

Ergonomics  breed  ensuring  the  environment  is  conducive  to  success.    We  all  have  that  crease  where  we  are  doing  this  these  days.    Seating,  sleeping  options,  lighting,  sound  and  distractions  are  considered  important.    Finding  out  what  position  is  the  human  body  comfortable  and  that  depends  on  the  individual  paired  while  we  follow  ergonomics  but  also  making  sure  we  reach  the  patient's  goals.  

 

Leisure.  Analyze  the  activity  and  body  parts  involved,  the  physical  demand  required  and  do  we  need  to  make  an  adaptation  so  you  continue  to  do  the  things  you  likely  a  lot  of  the  males  that  come  in,  this  is  golfing,  they  like  to  golf.    And  the  doctor  work  for  is  a  huge  golfer.    And  if  something  impacts  his  golf  game,  he  takes  it  very  seriously.    If  it  is  an  ache  or  pain,  it  suddenly  becomes  very  focused  because  it  impacts  his  leisure  so  patients  are  no  different.    We  need  to  make  sure  we  are  helping  them  do  the  things  that  they  like  to  do  in  addition  to  what  we  are  asking  them  to  do  to  improve  their  function.  

 

   So  let's  talk  about  heat,  that  is  one  that  is  easy.    We  need  to  be  careful  using  it.    I  can't  tell  you  how  many  times  patients  come  in  for  injections  and  I  raise  their  shirt  and  see  the  outlines  of  the  heating  pad.    We  need  to  instruct  that  that  is  why  they  all  come  now  without  20  minutes  shut  off.    But  it  is  good  for  muscle  tension  and  spasms.    Arthritic  type  pain  and  postoperative  pain.    Just  to  be  careful  with  bleeding,  topical  menthol  are  medicated  ointments  particularly  Lidocaine  because  they  can't  feel  how  hot  whatever  they  are  applying  is  they  can  earn  their  skin  but  otherwise  he  can  be  very  effective  way  to  deal  with  pain.  

 

Patients  often  ask  what  is  better,  hot  or  cold?    I  say  that  is  up  to  you.    This  needs  to  work  for  you.  

 

Is  cold  makes  you  feel  better  even  if  100  other  people  say  heat,  then  cold  is  your  thing.    It  can  decrease  sensitivity  to  pain,  it  can  also  provide  a  competing  sensory  explains  because  that  cold  is  shocking.    We  prefer  not  to  use  it  in  the  patients  with  poor  circulation  such  as  ruffled  vascular  disease  or  radiated  skin.  

 

Massage.    Sadly,  this  used  to  be  taught  in  nursing  school  but  it  no  longer  is.    It  is  a  very  effective  way  to  help  with  pain.    I  had  a  patient  one  time  where  we  had,  she  was  having  cancer  pain  and  on  multiple  opiates  and  medications,  all  these  different  therapies,  I  came  in  the  next  morning  and  she  was  lying  in  bed  comfortably  and  I  said  what  happened?    She  said  the  nurse  came  in  around  1  AM  with  some  hot  oil,  hot  lotion,  massage,  Techne  and  with  warm  blankets  and  really  had  a  good  night  sleep.    So  I  try  to  encourage  nursing  staff  to  not  lose  this  skill  because  it  can  be  helpful  for  patients.  

 

   Patients  with  fibromyalgia  Our  pre-­‐COVID,  we  encourage  them  if  they  can  afford  it  to  get  may  be  monthly  or  every  other  monthly  massages.    It  can  be  very  helpful  for  pain.  

 

Duration  can  be  five  minutes  if  in  one  hour  but  we  have  to  be  careful  with  thrombocytopenia,  fragile  skin,  DVDs,  acute  inflammation  or  skin  infections  or  superficial  tumor  sites.  

 

TENS  UNIT,  this  works  well  for  patients,  again  the  biggest  thing  is  I  was  guilty  of  this  -­‐-­‐  I  put  one  on  my  husband  after  applying  Lidocaine  to  his  skin  come  he  couldn't  feel  it  so  I  kept  turning  it  

up,  that  was  dumb  I  admit  it  -­‐-­‐  and  I  realized  my  mistake  thankfully  quickly  and  took  it  all  off.    But  something  to  be  careful  about.  

 

We  cannot  use  it  on  patients  that  have  pacemakers  or  other  implanted  electrical  devices,  these  were  a  little  easier  to  use  because  they  were  covered  by  insurance  but  they  are  no  longer  covered.    But  I  can  tell  you  I  ordered  one  online  for  about  $22  from  Amazon.  

 

Cognitive  behavioral  strategies.    We  want  to  change  the  way  pain  is  interpreted  and  experience.    Modify  the  thoughts  and  turn  attention  away  from  pain  so  it  gives  the  patient  control  over  the  pain.  

 

So  that  is  where  pain  psychology  comes  in.    There  is  now  a  lot  of  evidence  that  the  treatment  of  chronic  pain  cannot  be  done  effectively  while  ignoring  psychological  factors.    There  are  numerous  psychological  approaches  and  techniques  for  the  treatment  of  chronic  pain.    Patient  resistance  to  the  referral  is  suggestive  of  a  lack  of  understanding.    I  can  tell  you  we  have  a  pain  psychologist  on  board  and  typically  patients,  we  struggle  to  get  them  to  see  her.    Because  they  will  say  that  you  think  I'm  crazy  and  you  think  it's  in  my  head  but  no,  I  want  her  to  give  you  different  ways  to  cope  with  the  pain  so  that  you  do  better.    I  can  tell  you  hands  down,  every  patient  that  has  seen  her  once  to  return  to  her.    Because  she  really  does  give  them  good  coping  skills  and  other  aspects.  

 

We've  hired  other  pain  psychologists  and  they  all  have  the  same  response  pre-­‐  patient's  left  talking  to  them  because  they  empower  them  to  handle  the  pain  a  different  way.  

 

So  what  are  some  psychological  therapies,  cognitive-­‐behavioral  therapy,  contingency  management,  hypnosis,  biofeedback,  psychotherapy  and  we  will  break  down  a  few  of  these.  

 

Cognitive-­‐behavioral  therapy.    Again,  I'm  preaching  to  the  choir  here.    First-­‐line  psychological  treatment  for  chronic  pain  involves  education,  relaxation  training,  time-­‐based  activity  pacing.    Behavioral  activation  and  problem-­‐solving  skills.  

 

Fear  avoidance,  this  is  the  biggest  problem  that  we  have.    The  belief  that  pain  means  harm.    And  activity  that  causes  pain  might  cause  -­‐-­‐  it  might  cause  pain  to  be  avoided.    Let's  say  if  the  

patient  hurts  their  back.    We  tell  them  to  sit  on  the  couch,  no  I  will  lift  and  move  that  bridge  so  patients  start  to  get  comfortable  in  not  moving  and  they  say  I'm  hurt  I  better  not  do  that,  instead  of  realizing  that  pain  is  not-­‐-­‐  or  hurt  is  not  always  harmful.    Sometimes  moving  those  muscles  for  the  first  time  will  be  painful  but  that  is  okay.    Are  not  necessarily  going  to  hurt  yourself.  

 

Fear  of  pain  or  anticipating  the  pain  and  not  actually  the  expense  of  being  produces  such  a  strong  negative  reinforcement  of  those  behaviors  breed  the  fear  of  reinjury  are  better  predictors  of  functional  limitations  than  any  biomedical  parameter.    That  just  amazes  me,  that  somebody's  fear  of  moving  or  the  fear  of  being  reinjured  is  actually  a  better  predictor  of  their  functional  limitation.  

 

You  want  to  provide  corrective  feedback  to  learn  that  hurt  and  harm  are  not  the  same.    You  want  to  give  them  some  exposure  to  those  things  that  are  intended  to  challenge  those  catastrophic  interpretations  of  the  consequences  of  the  activity.    I  read  something  at  persuading  someone  that  hurt  does  not  mean  harm  is  to  convince  somebody  or  persuade  somebody  of  something  so  fundamentally  countercultural  that  it  will  hardly  ever  change  without  intervention  so  if  you  do  not  help  that  patient  do  that  or  bring  it  up  or  talk  about  it,  the  patient's  will  not  move  out  of  that  fear  of  hurt  and  harm  on  their  own.    Yukon  CBT,  again  treatment  goals  focus  on  helping  patients  realize  they  can  self-­‐manage.  There  is  a  wealth  of  evidence  that  CBT  can  restore  function  and  reduce  pain.  

 

Acceptance  and  commitment  therapy.    Also  it  has  strong  research  support  as  a  treatment  for  chronic  pain  these  are  two  books  I  have  referenced.    Living  beyond  Pain  and  happiness  trap.  

 

Mindfulness  meditation.    Observation  without  judgment,  of  thoughts  and  emotions  as  they  arise  moment  by  moment.    Intentional  self-­‐regulation  of  attention  on  particular  aspects  of  the  inner  and  outer  experience.    And  mindfulness-­‐based  stress  reduction  program,  we  have  one  at  the  UPMC  Center  for  integrative  medicine.    Our  pain  psychologist  actually  led  our  group  through  one  of  this  to  show  us  how  mindful  meditation  can  be  helpful  even  our  stressed  environments.  

 

Biofeedback.    Use  of  electrical  sensors  to  look  at  the  physiological  process  and  bring  them  under  voluntary  control.    Generally  this  is  done  through  relaxation.    It  can  help  with  the  stress  response  and  patients  can  learn  to  exert  control  over  these  processes  and  assist  in  regulating  their  autonomic  nervous  system.  

 

   Mechanisms  of  involved  in  biofeedback  Is  unknown  but  is  generally  a  sense  of  relaxation  that’s  an  important  feature.    This  is  more  of  a  feature  of  autotherapies  that  we  do.  

 

Self-­‐management.    It  is  important  the  patient  is  on  board  and  wants  to  have  some  self-­‐control  and  management  of  the  symptoms.    Self-­‐management  is  an  important  complement  the  biopsychosocial  approaches.  

 

Motivational  interviewing.    The  state  of  acceptance  is  important.    If  they  don't  want  to  go  to  PT  and  OT,  motivational  interview  is  a  clinical  tool  we  can  use  to  foster  motivation  for  chronic  pain  self-­‐management.  

 

Distraction.    These  are  simple  things  I  like  to  teach  more  so  for  nursing.    I  know  there  are  a  few  nurses  in  physicians  on  the  line  for  distraction  directs  attention  from  the  pain.    It  requires  mental  capacity  to  concentrate.    There  is  awareness  of  pain  when  distraction  ends.    A  physician  that  use  this  to  do  extensive  nerve  blocks  presurgery  because  the  patient's  physician  was  in  the  OR  and  could  not  sign  consent  for  the  surgical  procedure  so  we  could  not  give  them  sedation  to  do  the  block.    He  did  a  great  mixture  of  distraction  and  imagery  and  the  patient  is  to  get  through  very  extensive  nerve  blocks  with  zero  sedation.  

 

Choose  something  that  patient  is  interested  in  consistent  with  their  ability  to  concentrate  and  energy  level.    He's  an  activity  that  stimulates  hearing,  sight,  touch/movement.  

 

Relaxation.    Pain  caused  by  muscle  tension,  this  is  great  for,  you  want  to  release  stress  and  tension  associated  with  the  pain  read  arthritic  or  procedural  postoperative  pain  at  our  backs  off  and  spasm  resulting  from  injury  so  this  is  a  way  to  help  relax  through  it.  

 

You  want  to  do  rhythmic  breathing,  heart  deep  breathing,  cp  progressive  muscle  relaxation,  stretch  based  relaxation.  

 

Imagery,  use  one's  imagination.    It  is  a  good  distraction,  like  I  said,  relaxation  imagery,  pleasant  scene,  some  people  find  imaging  of  the  pain  itself  can  break  the  cycle,  it  is  used  for  back  pain,  post-­‐operative  pain  or  arthritic  pain.  

 

 You  might  want  to  use  a  script  or  live  guide,  use  multiple  senses  and  be  careful  with  patients  with  obvious  psychiatric  illness.  

 

Supportive  therapy.    We've  all  found  that  this  is  been  successful  both  sides  in  chronic  pain  and  in  your  world.    Expression  of  feelings  of  pain  encouragement  and  discussion  of  other  problems  and  referral.  

 

Some  of  the  other  things  we  have  looked  at  is  acupuncture/acupressure  and  weave  a  physician  in  our  group  who  does  acupuncture.    Chiropractic  and  osteopathic  medicine.    Art  therapy,  music  therapy.    And  again,  like  with  music  therapy  and  these  other  things  it  is  really  patient  specific.  Perk  some  patients  like  to  relax  to  Led  Zeppelin  and  some  like  to  relax  to  classical  music,  really  keeping  the  patient  in  mind  with  this.  

 

Other  complement  readings  or  Therapeutic  Touch,  Reiki  dietary  supplements,,  magnet  therapy,  homeopathic.    Pain  is  the  most  frequent  reason  to  use  the  complementary  alternative  medicines.  

 

What  are  future  options?    We  are  talking  briefly  about  aromatherapy.    There  was  a  study  done  in  Philadelphia  in  a  Children's  Hospital  where  they  used  a  stress  survey  to  staff  only,  the  used  aromatherapy  and  staffing  areas  so  they  didn't  interfere  with  patient  care  and  then  three  months  later  they  repeated  the  stress  survey.    There  was  a  50%  reduction  in  staff  stress  and  the  only  thing  that  was  done  was  aromatherapy.  

 

So  we  need  to  give  this  more  credit  than  we  do.    I  know  at  the  hospital  we  worked  out  we  are  using  this  more  and  more  and  there  is  a  new  thing  we  are  using  cold  Queasy,  that's  aromatherapy  for  nausea  for  patients  with  chemotherapy  -­‐induced  nausea.    This  is  up-­‐and-­‐coming  for  us  to  look  at.  

 

CBD  has  been  showing  some  promise.    In  Pennsylvania  it's  medically  legal  but  not  recreational  and  they  can  sell  over-­‐the-­‐counter  CBD  that  has  3.2%  of  THC  actually  in  it,  even  though  it  is  legally  recreationally  here.    Some  patients  have  failed  urine  toxicology  screens  using  CBD  oil  tincture  over  the  tongue  when  it  was  bought  over-­‐the-­‐counter  and  it  was  only  .3%  THC.    But  it  has  strong  some  success.  

 

Barriers  to  pain  relief  related  to  substance  use  disorder.    We  have  a  lot  of  healthcare  professional  problems  with  opiate  phobia  leads  to  under  prescribing  and  under  administration  of  patients.    Matter  what  the  patient's  history,  if  they  break  their  leg  we  need  to  treat  that  pain.    Fear  of  scrutiny  and  lack  of  knowledge  about  addiction  tolerance  and  physical  dependence.    We  want  to  work  with  patients  and  their  families.    We  have  patients  who  fear  addiction  and  will  not  take  adequate  doses  of  medication.    And  this  decreases  their  function  and  to  do  well.    And  families  can  withhold  analgesics  from  patients.    In  healthcare  systems.    Healthcare  systems,  are  now  a  little  more  onboard  than  they  have  ever  been  due  to  the  other  issues  with  the  opioid  crisis.  

 

Pain  management  is  inadequate  knowledge  and  fear  of  addiction,  diagnosis  requires  ongoing  assessment  of  aberrant  behaviors.    Our  goals  include  improving  analgesia  and  activities  of  daily  living  while  controlling  adverse  events  and  aberrant  behaviors.    Pain  management  requires  effective  communication  and  of  multimodal  approach.    In  patients  with  an  addictive  disease  present  unique  challenges,  but  obviously  deserve  appropriate  pain  management.  

 

And  that  is  it.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    All  right.    So  let's  get  to  some  questions.    The  first  question  is  from  Emily.    Thoughts  on  use  of  Neurontin  for  chronic  pain.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  So  we  use  Neurontin  for  chronic  pain  a  lot.    We  actually  have  even  started  using  it  for  chronic  abdominal  pain,  which  we  never  did  before.    We  feel  that  the  nerves  are  stretching  in  the  abdomen  just  like  they  do,  going  down  your  leg,  and  it  is  a  different  type  of  radiating  pain  so  we  been  using  gabapentin.    We  are  just  being  a  little  more  careful  with  it  and  cautious,  due  to  its  addictive  qualities.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Great.    The  second  question  is  from  Jake  from  Denver.    I  work  in  a  clinic  with  the  primary  population  of  individuals  expensing  homelessness,  and  that  comes  along  with  stigma  and  we  have  an  MD  that  specializes  in  chronic  pain  but  otherwise  the  rest  of  the  team  are  generalists,  counselors,  case  managers.    If  you  could  add  one  more  specialist  next  who  would  you  recommend?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Geez  [Laughter].    You  have  an  MD  that  is  pain?    Then  to  be  honest,  I  would  probably  recommend  adding  an  APP.    We  collectively  at  least  in  our  group,  we  tend  to  treat  those  types  of  patients  where  the  physicians  are  more  focused  on  the  injection  patients  in  different  therapies  like  that  where  we  focus  more  on  the  adjuvants  ...  occupational  therapy.    The  other  thing  to  add  would  be  like  our  pain  group  where  we  have  a  pain  psychologist,  that  would  be  another  great  addition  to  your  staff  if  you  don't  have  one  of  those.    They  are  hard  to  find  but  they  are  fabulous  when  you  can  get  one.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Keenan  asks,  what  about  the  side  effects  of  tiredness/sleepiness  come  with  Cymbalta,  how  do  you  deal  with  this  or  what  are  other  options?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Similar  to  if  a  patient  has  that  side  effect  with  gabapentin,  we  start  out  low  and  we  only  give  them  20  mg  which  is  the  baby  list  dose  allowed  and  available  so  we  give  them  20  and  have  them  take  it  at  bedtime  and  do  that  for  maybe  two-­‐three  weeks.    Helping  them  to  understand  that  while  it  may  not  help  their  pain  or  move  just  yet,  we  may  need  to  just  build  the  tolerance  to  the  medication  and  then  we  will  increase  them  to  40  and  60  and  may  just  hang  out  at  60.    Sometimes  we  go  to  90.    If  they  can't  tolerate  Cymbalta  we  go  to  and  a  trip  to  lien-­‐  and  one  of  those  instead.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    They  follow  up  with  what  about  lotos  naltrexone?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  That  is  one  of  the  questions  that  I  may  have  to  put  back  into  my  Q&A  I  am  researching  that  currently  myself.    We've  just  started  as  a  group  providing  that  the  patients.  Initially  it  was  just  the  physicians  doing  it  and  now  we  are  seeing  this  patient  says  follow-­‐ups.    So  am  on  a  physician  who  is  prescribing  it  and  we  are  as  well  as  APP  so  I'm  working  on  that  a  little  bit  so  on  a  Q&A  follow-­‐up,  I  will  add  to  that  for  you.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Great.    Thank  you.    Juliet  from  Washington,  how  do  you  motivate  someone  whose  chronic  pain  is  one  of  the  primary  crutches  for  the  substance  use  disorder?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  That's  where  we  work  with  trying  to  treat  them  in  the  other  ways  as  much  as  we  possibly  can.    Because  those  are  the  patients  the  produce  the  biggest  challenges  and  were  seeing  what  we  can  do  with  their  pain  and  specifically  in  opiate  format.    Those  are  the  patients  that  I  really  try  to  get  into  our  program  or  get  in  with  an  occupational  therapist,  to  

work  with  their  function  versus  working  at  they  feel  like  I  went  to  physical  therapy.    While  you  may  have  gone  through  back  but  not  for  a  full  functional  plan  for  yourself  to  get  better.  I  will  also  say  that  is  again  were  pain  psychologist  and  psychiatrist,  to  play  a  lot  because  they  help  with  the  other  aspects  of  pain  care.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Great.    What  about  people  who  do  not  qualify  for  insurance?    We  have  some  self-­‐pay  patients  this  may  be  cost  prohibitive  for.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  What  we’re  trying  to  work  on  and  this  is  our  biggest  issue,  what  I  encourage  patients  to  try  to  do  is  maybe  come  up  with  one  visit  -­‐-­‐we  work  with  our  departments  as  well.    In  okay  this  patient  is  never  insurance.    So,  they  will  not  see  all  three  views  so  can  we  have  them  come  to  you  once  and  set  up  a  program,  a  good  exercise,  good  routine  for  them-­‐-­‐,  granted  it  is  not  the  perfect  scenario  but  it  gives  them  some  background  at  least.    And  then  make  arrangements  and  say  in  six  weeks,  so  the  patient  can  have  some  time  in  between  costs,  to  go  back  and  see  them  and  make  sure  they  are  doing  the  things  correctly  that  they  were  taught.    In  the  maybe  again  one  more  time  in  six  weeks,  just  as  a  refresher  again.    So  they  can  try  to  work  through  it  that  way.    It  is  not  ideal.    But  it's  the  only  option  we  have  currently.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Okay.    This  is  a  question  from  Joe.    Any  tips  on  tapering  opioids?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Sure.    So  it  all  depends  on  which  one.    Usually,  the  accepted,  as  long  as  the  patient  -­‐-­‐  so  ...  let  me  step  back  a  second.    If  the  patient  is  being  tapered  because  we  are  tapering  due  to  the  opioid  crisis  and  they  are  on  a  high  dose  and  that  kind  of  thing,  those  at  a  little  tricky  because  patients  are  used  to  taking  a  certain  dose  and  it  gets  a  little  more  difficult  as  we  carry  through.    With  those  patients,  because  there  is  no  pressing  issue  in  mind,  I  may  only  decrease  them  by  10-­‐15%  over  the  course  of  two  months.    And  then  another  10%.    And  then  another  10%.  

 

The  other  thing  we  found  success  with  his  he  put  them  on  a  certain  regimen  for  two  months  and  then  the  third  month-­‐-­‐  because  typically  they  see  us  every  three,  on  that  third  month  is  when  we  decrease  the  opiates.    So  they  are  only  on  it  a  month  before  the-­‐-­‐,  oh  my  gosh  I  have  to  do  this  for  two  whole  months  before  I'm  going  to  see  them  again  or  three  months  before  all  be  seen  again,  they  do  the  regular  regimen  and  then  decrease  the  third  month  and  then  come  and  see  us.    So  they  don't  feel  like  they've  been  left  out  in  the  cold  as  much.  

 

If  it  is  because  of  a  reason,  particularly  some  aberrant  behavior  or  a  Toxicology  screen  or  something  like  that,  we  do  it  more  rapidly,  unfortunately  we  do  it  within  4-­‐6  weeks  and  we  just  -­‐-­‐  if  they  are  on  30  ms  Oxycontin  three  times  a  day,  I'm  sorry  we  take  them  down  to  15  bid  daily  and  off.    And  it  is  a  rapid  ween.    But  if  you  are  doing  it  gently  just  for  the  sake  that  they  are  on  opiates.    We  take  them  down  by  10%.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    If  someone  wants  to  learn  about  occupational  or  aromatherapy,  who  were  they  asking  where  would  they  start?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Aromatherapy,  those  are  more  with  like  at  Living  young-­‐-­‐  ,  there  are  information  on  their  website  as  far  as  occupational  therapy,  that's  where  you  have  to  touch  base  as  to  who  is  local  to  you  and  reach  out  to  people  in  the  area.    There  are  people  that  are  specialized  in  chronic  pain  occupational  therapy  throughout  the  US,  they  just  may  be  harder  to  find.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Okay.    There  are  a  lot  of  questions.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  My  boss  is  Duetera.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    What  are  the  best  ways  to  help  a  client  with  opiate  phobia?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  That's  my  crazy  thing.    I  try  to  point  out  -­‐-­‐  the  downsides  of  not  taking  them.    If  a  patient  hurts  themselves  and  are  not  doing  their  PT,  they  will  not  get  better.    So  that  same  focus  of,  you've  got  to  get  moving  to  get  better,  you  have  to  improve  your  function  to  get  better.    And  sometimes  in  order  to  do  that  you  may  need  assistive  devices  to  make  that  better  in  a  short  period  of  time.    I  also  find  if  it  is  a  patient  with  a  history  of  substance  use  disorder,  reassuring  them  that  I  am  on  top  of  that.    I  don't  plan  on  giving  it  to  them  month  after  month.    And  we  will  set  up  a  very  detailed  winning  plan  with  them  while  I  am  talking  to  them.  

 

And  then  I  typically  bring  a  family  member  on  board  if  I  can.    So  that  I  may  have  a  spouse  or  a  parent  or  somebody  in  the  house  who  can  ensure  that  weaning  occurs.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    All  right.    This  question  is  from  Tiffany  from  LA,  in  keeping  with  them  being  self-­‐sustaining  and  accountable,  would  it  be  more  helpful  to  have  them  call  or  text  you  as  opposed  to  having  the  provider  call  and  check  in  with  them,  as  in  the  example  used  you  want  them  to  swim  three  times  a  week  and  will  call  them  on  Friday  to  find  out  how  many  times  a  week  it  was  done?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  In  theory,  yes.    And  we  are  working  on  that.    We  are  working  on  an  interactive  program  currently  that  patients  will  be  allowed  to  text  in.    With  this  particular  patient,  she  is  82  and  a  bit  persnickety  and  a  problem  child.    I  love  her  to  death.    But  her  depression  gets  the  best  of  her  which  really  kills  her  pain  issues.  

 

So  she  is  better  -­‐-­‐  is  more  knowing  your  patient,  she  is  somebody  that  I  need  to  be  accountable  to  call  her,  she  will  not  call  me.    But  you  are  correct,  and  that  is  something  we're  working  towards  right  now.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Great.    Good  news.    This  question  is  from  Laura.    How  do  you  approach  clients  who  are  a  little  stubborn  in  admitting  that  pain  may  give  them  limitations  like  a  client  that  may  believe  they  can  out  with  their  pain  but  cause  themselves  more  harm?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  That  would  be  my  dad.    My  favorite  story  was  I  handed  him,  I  think  a  couple  Tylenol  and  he  said,  are  you  sure?    This  is  what  I  do  for  a  living,  Dad.    It's  hard  to  help  those  patients.    The  important  part  is  showing  them  where  they're  causing  themselves  harm.    And  what  I  have  learned  with  him  is  that  I  can't  just  tell  him  to  pace.    I  need  to  show  him  how.    I  need  to  set  the  guidelines  with  him  so  he  understands  what  I'm  saying.    Like,  it  is  all  most  like  if  you  say  just  do  this  and  they  don't  understand  what  that  really  means,  sometimes  you  just  have  to  spell  it  out.    It  may  not  work  but  that's  what  I've  done  so  far  and  it's  worked  well.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Good  advice  on  that  one.    Jennifer  asks,  would  you  talk  about  bergamot  being  helpful  for  addiction  patients  and  how  it  works  and  what  is  it  about  it  in  Alcohol  versus  other  addictions.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Any  people  with  addictions  feel  hopeless  and  helpless  but  this  is  what  some  people  struggle  with  their  aromatherapy  because  there's  a  whole  side  of  it  where  

lavender  is  felt  to  help  you  relax,  bergamot  is  supposed  to  make  you  relax  but  there's  a  side  of  aromatherapy  where  they  feel  a  certain  scents  can  make  you  feel  less  hopeless,  and  bergamot  is  felt  to  be  one  that  inspires  that  feeling.    That  when  you  are  feeling  that  there  is  a  treatment  center,  I  think  it's  in  Las  Vegas  and  they  actually  have  their  clients  put  bergamot  on  a  cotton  ball  and  carry  it  in  their  pocket  and  when  they're  feeling  hopeless  or  feel  very  down,  they  encourage  their  clients  to  pull  it  out,  smell  it  and  maybe  put  it  on  the  rest  and  it's  thought  the  help  of  feelings  like  that.    I  don't  know  there's  an  exact  science  behind  it  I  feel  like  it's  one  of  those  things  that  it's  a  small  thing  and  if  it  would  help  the  patient,  then  all  the  better.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    I  don't  think  I'm  familiar  with  bergamot.  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Is  very  citrusy  I  like  it.    Because  I  don't  like  lavender.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Question  from  Linda.    Any  thoughts  on  chronic  pain  protocols  for  dystonia?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Gosh,  that  is  a  tough  one.    We  do  a  lot  with  trigger  point  injections  with  those  patients.    And  we  try  to  set  up  physical  therapy  or  occupational  therapy  like  immediately  after  the  trigger  points  so  when  they  are  at  their  most  relaxed  state,  sending  them  overdue  stretching,  and  we  also  do  a  lot  with  TENS  with  those  patients  particularly.    And  works  very  well  for  them  because  it's  an  area  we  can  target  Britt  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    This  person  I  do  not  have  a  name  but  says,  working  to  foster  care  system  but  judges  in  foster  care  do  not  allow  for  THC  or  CBD,  how  can  we  change  this?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  That  is  a  super  tough  one  but  CBD  is  the  thing  I  was  stressing,  if  you  look  at  them  and  now  that  I  have  said  it  everyone  will  pay  closer  attention  but  there  are  sheets  selling  it  -­‐-­‐  I  was  looking  at  their  dummies  and  it  says  on  their  specifically,  "sans  THC".  So  that  is  what  I  encourage  my  clients  to  look  for  because  I  had  an  administrator  on  duty,  nursing  staff  using  gummi's,  came  in  and  we  were  talking  about  it  and  she  was  like  oh  my  gosh,  let  me  take  a  look  and  hers  did  not  quantify  that  there  was  no  THC.    And  in  this  state  of  Pennsylvania  you  can  sell  .3%  so  that  is  the  biggest  encouragement  to  make  sure  people  are  being  very  careful,  that  is  one  if  they  want  to  use  CBD.  

 

Two,  I  don't  know,  we  take  three  steps  forward  and  two  steps  back  every  time  we  do  something  with  medical  marijuana.    We  show  that  patients  are  doing  better  and  people  are  feeling  better,  they  used  opiate  -­‐-­‐  opiate  use  disorder  as  one  of  the  certifiable  diagnoses  now.    It  is  a  very  hit  and  miss  -­‐-­‐  some  areas  do  better  than  others,  in  Pennsylvania  we  had  a  struggle  and  only  had  it  legalized  for  three  years  now  read  and  we  are  having  huge  problem  with  supply  and  demand.    I  have  patients  that  use  it  and  what  they  use  that  was  helping,  they  were  able  to  reduce  opiates  is  not  available  the  second  third  time  they  go  back  and  I  don't  think  people  really  pushing  for  it  so  all  metal  loss  for  that  one  and  I  really  wish  -­‐-­‐  I  am  with  you  that  I  wish  people  would  understand  that  it's  a  really  good  treatment  plan.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Kurt  asks,  is  there  a  good  place  to  reference  any  studies  or  evidence  regarding  different  not  opiate  treatments?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Yes  honestly,  a  lot  of  the  newer  stuff  I  have  added,  I  just  searched  "non-­‐pharmacology  pain  management"  and  a  wealth  of  info  comes  up  because  people  are  looking  for  that  and  they  want  that.    Even  when  I  was  talking  to  friends  other  nonmedical  in  a  hospital  like  a  friend  that's  an  EMT  said,  oh  my  gosh  can  I  see  that  lecture  because  people  are  looking  for  better  ways  to  handle  this.    So  there  are  a  lot  of  resources  out  there  now.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Here  is  one  from  Amanda.    How  do  you  handle  a  patient  who  is  Doctor  shopping.    Unfortunately  this  is  still  possible,  what  documentation  is  important  to  have  in  your  medical  notes  when  Doctor  shopping  is  occurring?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  There  are  two  parts  to  this.    I'm  having  the  same  album  in  my  hospital  and  I  say  gosh,  if  there  were  only  a  button  we  could  push  and  see  all  the  info  that  we  needed.  

 

I  document  thoroughly  a  lot  of  our  fellows  have  actually  taken  to  doing  screenshot  of  the  PDMP  itself  and  flighting  it  into  our  notes  so  that  they  can  show  that,  being  clear  in  your  documentation,  the  only  caveat  I  would  say  to  make  sure  that  you  pay  attention  to  it  and  this  is  PDMP,  on  the  other  side  of  the  patients  that  go  to  a  skilled  facility  for  example,  the  physician  who  wrote  the  order  for  the  patients  leave  the  hospital  will  only  write  four  of  15  pills  for  them  to  leave  but  they  have  to  have  a  valid  prescription  to  come  into  the  facility.    It  cannot  be  electronic  it  needs  to  be  written  prescription.    Patients  go  to  the  skilled  facility  and  there  may  be  two  or  three  different  PCPs  or  two  or  three  different  APP's  seeing  that  patient  during  that  

time.    Nobody  rides  for  more  than  3-­‐5  days  of  opiates  when  patient  is  in  a  skilled  facility  because  they  don't  want  to  have  them  with  excess  medication  sitting  there.  

 

So  physician  once  reference  to  the  patient  "failed"  PDM  P  but  it  was  because  the  patient  had  just  been  seen  by  different  providers  in  the  skilled  facility,  they  had  all  written  prescriptions  and  then  when  the  patient  came  out  and  went  back  to  her  pain  Doctor  the  entrance,  he  said  well  we  are  not  covering  anything,  if  at  all  these  prescriptions  and  meanwhile  while  she  was  in  the  facility  she  paid  cash  which  just  really  threw  everybody  for  a  loop  on  the  PDMP.    So  they  haven't  figured  out  a  way,  for  exam  I  work  in  the  North  Hills  in  Pittsburgh,  my  cohort  works  in  Shadyside  and  my  physician  is  based  in  Oakland  and  we  have  three  different  addresses  for  the  PDMP  so  it  appeared  to  someone  else  that  we  were  from  a  different  practice  when  we  are  clearly  not.    So  unfortunately  the  PDMP  is  not  the  fullest  proof  way  to  prove  Doctor  shopping  just  throwing  that  out  there  because  it's  just  a  caveat  to  think  about.    Otherwise  I  would  -­‐-­‐  I  think  our  fellows  do  a  good  job  they  do  a  screenshot  of  the  PDM  P  when  they  put  it  in  the  note.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    A  lot  of  good  suggestions  for  that.  

 

All  right  we  have  one  more  question.    I  will  try  and  -­‐-­‐  I  will  try  to  put  this  in  -­‐-­‐  Natalie  asks,  what  is  the  thought  with  biofeedback  or  ADS  for  pain?  

 

>>            TAMMY  FLEMMING:  Biofeedback,  the  problem  is  it  just  tends  to  be  so  complicated,  and  it's  a  little  more  detail  for  patients  to  learn.    It  is  not  something  we  use  frequently  so  I'm  not  as  well  versed  in  it.    I  know  our  pain  psychologist  is  more  of  the  cognitive  behavioral  techniques  as  well  as  distraction  and  imagery  and  those  things,  versus  biofeedback  because  it  requires  somebody  to  really  concentrate  and  learn  how  to  do  that  written  some  of  her  patients  just  do  not  have  the  mental  capacity  to  do  that.  

 

>>          JESSICA  O'BRIEN:    Okay.    Well,  we  are  about  out  of  time  and  we  got  to  the  questions.    So  thank  you  so  much,  Dr.  Fleming.    And  this  is  recorded  so  you  can  go  back  and  see  it  and  the  slides  are  also  available.    A  reminder  that  the  information  that  you  need  for  the  webinar  is  a  valve  on  the  same  website  that  you  registered  so  you  can  find  the  online  CE  quiz  link  on  that  same  page  as  well.    NAADAC.org.  

 

This  is  the  schedule  for  the  upcoming  events.    I  can't  believe  we  are  entering  2021.    There  is  one  coming  up  with  substance  use  disorders  with  Jack  Stine  with  a  panel  of  experts.    Although  2021  webinars  are  posted  on  the  websites  you  can  register  now  to  learn  from  a  new  list  of  dynamic  presenters.    We  have  targeted  self-­‐care  for  uniquely  stressful  times.    If  addiction  and  recovery  2021,  the  latest  findings  from  Neuroscience  research.    The  fundamentals  of  telemental  health  and  ethics.    So  get  those  on  your  calendar  so  you  are  ready  when  they  arrive.  

 

You  can  bookmark  this  page,  cultural  humility  webinar  series  to  keep  up  your  cultural  competency  as  a  professional  helper.    This  resource  pages  access  to  our  webinar  series  including  the  highest  viewed  webinar  in  2020,  substance  use  disorder  in  the  African-­‐American  community.    And  the  town  Hall  event  has  over  3000  views  already.    We  have  the  COVID-­‐19  resources  page  so  check  that  out.    There  are  six  excellent  webinars  covering  the  addiction  profession.    As  a  NAADAC  member,  quick  review  of  the  benefits,  by  joining  you  have  immediate  access  to  over  145  CEs  which  are  included  as  an  exclusive  NAADAC  member  benefit.    You  get  our  magazine  and  you  become  part  of  our  national  initiative  for  advocacy  for  the  addiction  profession  and  those  we  serve.  

 

A  reminder  that  a  short  survey  will  pop  up  at  the  end  of  this  webinar  so  take  a  few  minutes  to  go  through  to  give  us  your  feedback,  we  use  this  to  inform  our  future  webinars.    Your  feedback  is  important  to  us  as  we  continue  to  improve  our  learning  experience.    So  thank  you  again  for  participating  in  a  webinar  and  thank  you,  Tammy,  for  being  here,  your  valuable  expertise  leadership  and  support  the  field,  we  really  appreciate  it.  

 

   So  stay  connected  with  us  on  social  media  and  hope  to  see  you  all  on  Friday.  Take  care  and  be  well.  

 

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