naag mobile devices webinar feb 29 2012 - slides mobile devices webinar feb 29 2012 -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mobile DevicesMobile Devices
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Objectives
• Identify mobile devices
Objectives
Identify mobile devices
• Learn how mobile devices obtain and transmit informationtransmit information
• Identify potential evidence that may be bt i d f bil d iobtained from mobile devices
• Learn where data is stored
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Types of Devices
• Smartphones
Types of Devices
Smartphones
• GPS
Di it l C• Digital Cameras
• Beepers
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Types of Devices
• Game systems
Types of Devices
Game systems
• MP3 Players
E d• E-readers
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Types of Devices
• Calculator
Types of Devices
Calculator
• Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)(PDA)
• Pager
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Processes
• Cellular network triangulation
Processes
Cellular network triangulation
• GPS trilateration
G t i• Geotagging
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SmartphonesSmartphones
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Over 5 7 billion cell phones worldwideOver 5.7 billion cell phones worldwide– 327 million in US
•103% of population•103% of population
• 1.6 billion smartphones sold in 2010 alone
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Cellular networksCellular networks
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Cellular networksCellular networks
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Cellular networksCellular networks
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Cellular networksCellular networks
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TriangulationTriangulation
• Comparing Comparing signal strengths
Time delays– Time delays
– Angles of arrival
Three nearest – Three nearest towers
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TriangulationTriangulation
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Cell Site Location InformationCell Site Location Information
• Mobile switching centers may retain the Mobile switching centers may retain the location information in call detail records
At least for a period of time (e g 24 hours)– At least for a period of time (e.g., 24 hours)
• Authorities can track subscriber’s general movements by following sequence of movements by following sequence of towers contacted by the phone
• May also obtain last recorded location before signal or power lost
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Cell Site Location InformationCell Site Location Information
• Most useful location information comes Most useful location information comes from initiation or receipt of a call or text
• A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing• A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing– Yield historical account of cell phone’s
locationslocations
• Officers may also locate phone in “real ti ” hil ll i i time” while a call is in progress
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Enhanced 9-1-1Enhanced 9 1 1
• FCC mandate of 95% of phonesFCC mandate of 95% of phones
• Locate phone location within 300 meters
Wi hi 6 i• Within 6 minutes
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SmartphonesSmartphones
Modern cell phones have a variety of Modern cell phones have a variety of functions, including:
• SMS (short message service)• SMS (short message service)
• MMS (multimedia message service)
• Phone Calls
• Cameras
• File Storage
• Internet Access (email IM)NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
• Internet Access (email, IM)
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SmartphonesSmartphones
SMS (short message service)SMS (short message service)
• 160 characters or less
S f ll h ll h b • Sent from cell phone to cell phone by way of towers and servers
• If recipient phone is off, a message will be saved until the phone is turned on
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011
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SmartphonesSmartphones
Sender types
The
The phone The The i i t types
message and sends it
message travels to the nearest
company directs the message to the
message travels to the cell towers
recipient receives the message
cell towersto the recipient through it’s servers
towers nearest the recipient
g
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SmartphonesSmartphones
MMS (multimedia message service)MMS (multimedia message service)
• Like SMS, but allows sharing of pictures, video and/or audiovideo, and/or audio
• Usually an additional feature on phones
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SmartphonesSmartphones
Internet AccessInternet Access
S i l M di• Social Media– Facebook, Twitter
• Chat & Instant Messaging
• Internet Browser
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Hybrid BrowsingHybrid Browsing– Reduces download by compressing data –
often by as much as 70%often by as much as 70%
• Essentially the same data stored on phonephone– Images in lower resolution
R d f l b ’ – Record of access also on browser’s server• In addition to the phone, ISP, and host’s records
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Smartphones
• Internet Speed
Smartphones
Internet Speed– 3G – 200 Kbps
4G 6 4 Mbps– 4G – 6.4 Mbps
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Smartphones1 2
Smartphones
3
User’s Cell Phone
Nearest Cell Towers
Cell Company’s
45
ISP Network
Internet Website Host
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Exchange Point
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• GPSGPS– Discussed in next section
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• AppsApps– Millions for nearly any purpose
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• SecuritySecurity– Apps can
add add encryption and better security
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Therefore cell phones contain lots of data:Therefore, cell phones contain lots of data:– Messages
– Voicemails
– E-mails
– Pictures & Video
– Location, trip data
– Contacts
• However, some of this information may not be on the phone
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• For example smartphones save little data For example, smartphones save little data related to social networks
Thus opening Facebook on someone else’s – Thus, opening Facebook on someone else s phone could be a violation of the SCA
• Applies to all data depending on the app • Applies to all data – depending on the app or phone model, the data may be saved on the phone and/or a remote serveron the phone and/or a remote server
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Data may be stored internally or on a Data may be stored internally or on a memory card
Usually MicroSD– Usually MicroSD
• It can often be obtained even if the phone is lockedeven if the phone is locked
• Just like computers, deleted data may be recoverable
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SmartphonesSmartphones
• Other similarities with computersOther similarities with computers– Viruses
Hiding Tracks– Hiding Tracks•Tor
•VPNsVPNs
• Privacy Concerns
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QUIZQUIZ
Which of the following can be done with a Which of the following can be done with a cell phone?
A Instant MessagingA. Instant Messaging
B. MMS
C. Internet Browsing
D. International Phone Calls
E. All of the above
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QUIZQUIZ
Which of the following generally is not Which of the following generally is not involved in the transmission of text messages?messages?
A. Cell Phones
B DSL M dB. DSL Modem
C. Cell Service Providers’ Servers
D. Phone Towers
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BeepersBeepers
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Beepers
• Requires “tailing”
Beepers
Requires tailing– Antenna used to track radio signals
– Up to 5 miles– Up to 5 miles
• Placed on car or package1” 2” t 3” 5”– 1”x2” to 3”x5”
• Does not store information
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Beepers
• Use beeps and/or lights to indicate
Beepers
Use beeps and/or lights to indicate– Direction (but not very well)
– Distance– Distance
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GPSGPS
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GPS
• Global Positioning System
GPS
Global Positioning System
• Developed by US government for military purposespurposes– Cost unknown, but EU’s competing system
expected to cost around $25 billionexpected to cost around $25 billion
– Still operated by the military
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GPS
• Three Components
GPS
Three Components– Satellites
•24 operational 3 backups24 operational, 3 backups
•Any point on earth can “see” at least 6 at all times
•Each knows its distance from the center of the Earth
– Ground Stations•11 around the globe
– Receivers
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•Calculate their distance from the satellite
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GPSGPS
Satellites
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GPSGPS
Ground StationsNAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Ground Stations
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GPSGPS
Receiver
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2-D Trilateration2 D Trilateration
• Involves a bunch of Involves a bunch of difficult calculations
• Instead of learning • Instead of learning that, let’s use pictures
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2-D Trilateration2 D Trilateration
DetroitDetroit
366 miles366 miles
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2-D Trilateration2 D Trilateration
DetroitDetroit
RichmondRichmond
312 miles
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2-D Trilateration2 D Trilateration
DetroitDetroit
Ch l tCh l t
RichmondRichmond
CharlestonCharleston
388 miles
NashvilleNashville
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3-D Trilateration3 D Trilateration
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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3-D Trilateration3 D Trilateration
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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3-D Trilateration3 D Trilateration
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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3-D Trilateration3 D Trilateration
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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3-D Trilateration3 D Trilateration
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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GPS
• Accuracy is limited by:
GPS
Accuracy is limited by:– Earth’s atmosphere
•Weather generally has no effectWeather generally has no effect– But doesn’t work underwater
– Structures, Terrain, Foliage
– Clock errors
– Gravitational effect on satellite orbits
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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GPS
• Generally, accurate to 15 meters
GPS
Generally, accurate to 15 meters
• Receivers use “Differential GPS” to calculate errorcalculate error– Makes measurement accurate to 10 meters,
but possibly up to 10 centimetersbut possibly up to 10 centimeters
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
• Uses an assistance server to more rapidly
Assisted GPS (A GPS)
Uses an assistance server to more rapidly or accurately obtain a location– Can be used in lieu of a fully functional GPS Can be used in lieu of a fully functional GPS
receiver or can be used to enhance the accuracy of a locationy
• If the GPS receiver has trouble determining a location, A-GPS can make a determining a location, A GPS can make a connection using the cell network to send data
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
send data
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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
• Many cell phones use A-GPS, cell site
Assisted GPS (A GPS)
Many cell phones use A GPS, cell site triangulation and other technology to determine locationdetermine location
• Other benefitsUses less battery power– Uses less battery power
– Less time to get a fix
B tt – Better coverage
– System can be upgraded at network level
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)Assisted GPS (A GPS)
Satellites Phone Company’s Receiver
Cell Towers
A-GPSServer
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphone
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GPS DataGPS Data
• Data that may be located on the GPS Data that may be located on the GPS receiver includes:
• Device information • Deleted locations• Device information
• Owner information
• Waypoints
• Deleted locations
• Last fix
• Routes/JourneysWaypoints
• Home location
• Points of interest (POI)
Routes/Journeys
• Track logs
• Favorites( )
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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QUIZ
Which of the following is not necessary in
QUIZ
Which of the following is not necessary in determining location using GPS?
A SatelliteA. Satellite
B. Ground station
C. Cell phone towers
D. Receiver
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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QUIZ
At least how many satellites can “see” your
QUIZ
At least how many satellites can see your location from anywhere on Earth?
A ThreeA. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
E. Seven
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Digital Cameras
• Pictures and video, of course
Digital Cameras
Pictures and video, of course– Geotagging
•Especially in smartphonesEspecially in smartphones
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Geotagging
• Adds latitude and longitude coordinates
Geotagging
Adds latitude and longitude coordinates to pictures and video– Stored in metadata; not visible in the imageStored in metadata; not visible in the image
• Usually derived from GPSCamera m st ha e a b ilt in GPS recei er– Camera must have a built-in GPS receiver
• Can also be used with text messages, i l ki d d bl social networking updates, and blog
posts
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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GeotaggingGeotagging
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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The Future
• 5G smartphone Internet connections
The Future
5G smartphone Internet connections
• Multiple “GPS” services
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Legal Issues
• Search & Seizure
Legal Issues
Search & Seizure– Search Incident to Arrest
– Inventory– Inventory
– Consent
• Wiretap / Stored Communications Act• Wiretap / Stored Communications Act
• Evidence Authentication
• Privacy– Carrier IQ
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
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Presented byPresented by
Don MasonDon MasonAssociate Director, NCJRL
[email protected]@olemiss.edu
NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG