nakheel mh train the trainer

7/31/2019 Nakheel MH Train the Trainer

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Manual Handling

Train the Trainer


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Course Content Day 1


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Learning Outcomes


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Course Assessment

Practical assessment

Presentation (10 minutes)

Demonstration of correct lifting technique

Assessment will be made on the following criteria;

Content as defined in the brief

Communication clear, easy to understand Technical knowledge all facts correct

Demonstration correct posture adopted

Timing fills 10 minutes but doesnt over-run

Pace not too fast

Written assessment

30 minutes


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Course Content


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Reasons for Managing Health and Safety

Legal

Dubai World Health, Safety and Fire Regulations and Standards

Moral

Moral obligation towards employees

Staff morale and company image

Economic

Lost time through injury

Insurance costs

Replacing Staff


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Manual Handling Injuries


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Types of Workplace Incident


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Slide

Manual Handling Body Parts


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Slide

Manual Handling Types of Injury


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Definitions

Manual Handling:

Any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, puttingdown, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof ) by hand or bodilyforce

Load:

Discrete movable object, which includes any person or animal

Manual Handling Injury:

Bodily harm that arises from the inherent properties of the load


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Employers have a responsibility to:

Not require anyone to carry loads beyond their capability Ensure loads do not exceed 20kg

Best practice is for employers to

Avoid the need for manual handling operations which involve a riskof employees being injured

Assess any hazardous manual handling operations that can not be

avoided

Reduce the risk to employees

Provision of load information Review the assessment

Consider individual physical capability, clothing, footwear and

employees knowledge and training

Employers Responsibilities


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Each employee while at work shall:

Make full and proper use of any system of work provided for his

use by his employer

Co-operate with employer when assessments of a manual

handling operation are being made

Follow safe systems of work and make proper use of handlingaids and personal protective clothing

Report defects which arise in the above

Participate in training provided in the interest of safety

Inform the employer of medical conditions or pregnancy which,

will affect their ability to handle loads safely

Employee Responsibilities


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Hierarchy of Control

Avoid hazardous manual handling

Assess any hazardous operations

Remove risk factors identified in assessment

Reduce the impact of the risk factors

Monitor

Manual handling training


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Anatomy


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Exercise 2 - The Human Body

Outline the purpose of the following: Bones

The spine

Muscles

Tendons

Ligaments

Nerves

Blood vessels


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Cervical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Structure of the Spine


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Spinous

processes

Spinalnerves

Inter-vertebral

discs

Vertebra

Nucleus

Inter-Vertebral Discs


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Spinal CordVertebra

Disc

Prolapse

SpinalNerves

Prolapsed Disc


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Back Pain

Common causes of back pain can include:

Prolapsed disc

Slipped disc

Partly prolapsed disc

Degenerative disc

Trapped nerves


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Sprains & Strains

Ligaments are tissue which holds

bones together

A damaged ligament is called a

sprain

Tendons link muscles to bone

A damaged muscle is called a

strain


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Typical Manual Handling Injuries

Muscular Skeletal Superficial

Sprains & Strains Prolapsed Disc Bruises

Hernias Fractures/Breaks Abrasions

Ruptures Dislocation Burns

Torn Ligaments Crushed Limbs Bites

RSI/WRULDs Arthritis Lacerations/Cuts


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Bending and Twisting

Bending down to pick up an object at floor level Muscles and soft tissues come under tension

Discs are deformed

Spine susceptible to damage at low levels of loading

Twisting particularly hazardous

Muscle activity deforms discs


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Cumulative Strain

Progressive degeneration resulting from the long-term misuse of

tissue Stiffening of body and muscle tissue due to habitual, excessive

or prolonged exertion

Accumulation of actions rather than from any single incident

Build up of fibrous layer over muscle tissue resulting in pain or

injury

Treatment

Stretching reduces build up of fibrous tissue

Warming up and warming down before work/exercise


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Factors Leading to Cumulative Strain

Force - Excessive and or Prolonged muscle tension F

Awkward body postures A

Insufficient rest between periods of work I

Repetition of the task R

Lack of variety of movement in the tasks

Leading to:

General body stiffening/loss of flexibility G

Rapid fatigue and pain R

Injury Muscular strains, carpel tunnel, tennis elbow I

WRULDs

Physical inefficiency P


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Human Capabilities


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Lifting Weights


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Handling Loads with Arms Outstretched

When handling loadsaway from the body,

our capability is

reduced

The extent to which weare affected depends

on how far the load is

from the body


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Manual Handling - Kinetic Lifting Techniques


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Demonstration and Practice Efficient Movement Principles(EMP) & Kinetic Lifting Technique

Lifting Technique First Thoughts?

X X


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Kinetic Lifting

The maintenance of correct posture during manual handlingactivities is achieved through the adoption of sound lifting

techniques

There are a number of important phases that need to be

considered:

Addressing the load

Lifting the load

Adjusting the load

Carrying the load Putting down the load

Manoeuvring the load


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Efficient Movement Principles

These principles can be applied to any manual handlingoperation to reduce the risk for the Handler:

Dynamic, stable base

Soft hips and knees

Maintain natural curves

No twisting

Effective use of muscles

Chin in/Head up

Elbows close to body


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Efficient Movement Principles

Keep close to the load Grasp the load cross directional, direct hold

Breathing abdominal pressure

Use of body weight

Apply forces in direction of movement

Make use of friction

Make use of momentum

Commands and communication

Move in a controlled way


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The 7 Golden Rules Of Lifting

Rule 1

Stop and think

Plan your lift

Assess the load

Know your carry distance Know where you are going

to set the load down


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Rule 2

Adopt a stable position Close to the load Approaching the load at

a corner


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Rule 3Address the load

- Bend your knees

- Take a firm grip

- Keep your backstraight and look

ahead


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Rule 4

Lift smoothly using your legs to take

the strain Moderate flexion (Slight bending)

Soft knees and hips Maintain balance and avoid

twisting



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Rule 5

Move in a controlled manner

Hold the load close to the centre of

the bodyMove in the direction you are facing

Keep your head up



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Rule 6

Putting the load down is just lifting inreverse Put the load down in front, then

adjust Remember to bend your knees Keep your back straight



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Rule 7

Take care when positioning the load

Slide the load into the desired

place (friction) Dont over reach



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Manual Handling Pushing and Pulling

Well managed pushing or pulling is a wayto avoid manual lifting or carrying

Can involve dragging, or the use oftrolleys, barrows etc

Principles of good manual handlingtechniques continue to apply


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Manual Handling Pushing and Pulling

P hi P lli


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Pushing versus Pulling

Pushing is generally better as you can more easily maintain a stable

base and can see where you are going without twisting.

Pushing

Initiating force to start moving then move with the load makingsmall steps using the legs to move the load

Slopes can increase resistance and create lack of controlmaking good posture difficult

Pulling

Keep hands low near to hips and bend knees maintaining a lowcentre of gravity

Short steps backwards keeping stable base

P hi d P lli T h i


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Pushing and Pulling Technique

T H dli


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Team Handling

A team approach can be used for

handling loads that are:

Large

Heavy

Awkward

Good communication andCoordination are vital to ensure

safe handling

Guidelines (low risk)

2 persons 35kg

3 persons 40kg


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Manual Handling Risk Assessment

St 1 Id tif th H d


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Job/Task Analysis

Inspections

Observation of the work

Speak to staff

Environment

Other work going on

Step 1 Identify the Hazards

St 2 D id h b h d


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Step 2 Decide who can be harmed

Operatives

Maintenance staff

Cleaners

Contractors

Visitors

Members of the public

Specific groups

Young persons

Pregnant women

Lone workers Disabled

Step 3 Evaluate the Risk


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It is essential for employers to evaluate the risk associated with thehandling activity and the adequacey of any control measures

Evaluate the level of risk

Are existing control measures working?

Can more be done to reduce the risk?

You must also consider:

The number of people involved

The frequency of the task

The duration of exposure



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When evaluating risk, we must take two factors into account:

Likelihood Severity

1. Unlikely

2. Low

3. Moderate

4. High

5. Expected

1. Minor Injury - No 1st Aid

2. Minor Injury with 1st Aid

3. Less than 3 day injury

4. Greater than 3 day injury

5. Major injury (including Death)


Risk Rating Systems


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Risk Rating Systems

Severity Minor injury First aidinjury

Lost timeaccident(3

days)

Major Injury

Likelihood

Unlikely 1 2 3 4 5

Low 2 4 6 8 10

Moderate 3 6 9 12 15

High 4 8 12 16 20

Expected 5 10 15 20 25

Risk Rating Systems


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High Frequency/Low Severity

Paper Cuts in Printing

Slips and Trips

Low Frequency/High Severity

Nuclear Reactor Meltdown

Chemical Release, Explosion

Any fatalities

Although they may produce the same score, greater management

is needed to control high severity events. The same principle

applies to manual handling activities.

Risk Rating Systems

Defining Acceptable / Tolerable Risk


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Slide

Defining Acceptable / Tolerable Risk

Unacceptable Risk

Tolerable Risk

Broadly Acceptable Risk

Negligable Risk

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How To Reduce Risk


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Organisations have two options when it comes to implementing

control strategies to reduce risks:

1. Reduce the likelihood

2. Reduce the severity

To a point as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

How To Reduce Risk

Reducing Risk Rating


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Slide

Reducing Risk Rating

Severity Minor injury First aidinjury

Lost timeaccident(3

days)

Major Injury

Likelihood

Unlikely 1 2 3 4 5

Low 2 4 6 8 10

Moderate 3 6 9 12 15

High 4 8 12 16 20

Expected 5 10 15 20 25

Step 4 Record Your Findings


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Step 4 Record Your Findings

Record your findings

Establish a Corrective Action Plan

Tell people if they have been given actions

Make actions and timeframes achievable

Undertake Work Procedure reviews


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Communication / Feedback

The process must be visible

Items to be recorded include details on:

What was assessed?

What are the identified risks?

What control measures are in place?

What control measures are being improved?

Who is responsible for any identified Corrective Actions?

What are timescales for improvement?

Step 5 - Review


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Step 5 - Review

Assessments should be reviewed following any changes to:

Plant

Process

Personnel

Undertake reviews based on risk

High-risk activities reviewed more often Periodic review of all assessments

Prioritise actions based on risk

Manual Handling Assessment


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Environment

Load

Individual

Task

OtherFactors



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Task

- Is load positioned away from the torso?

- Is a good body posture possible? (twisting)

- How far is the load carried?

- Is there any pushing or pulling?

- Is significant physical effort required?

- Is the employee standing or sitting?

- Is there opportunity for a rest or a break?

- Is there an imposed work rate? (production line)

- Visibility

Task


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Task

Vertical movement Pushing or pulling

Task Stooping and/or Twisting


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Task Stooping and/or Twisting



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Individual- Physical ability

- Strength or height

- Training or knowledge

- Age

- Existing medical conditions

- Pregnant workers



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Load- Weight

- Bulky or unwieldy

- Difficult to grasp

- Shape

- Slippery surfaces

- Can the contents shift

- Loose items

- Alive

- Sharp edges

- Hot or cold

Load


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Load

Obstructs view

Load


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Load



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Environment- Floor conditions

(slippery, uneven,unstable)

- Space constraints

- Various levels (stairs,ladders, ramps)

- Temperature (hot, cold,humid)

- Wind

- Lighting

Environment


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g

Personal Protective Clothing- Incompatibility

- Female office staff (skirts and shoes may need to be takeninto account)

Work Organisation

- Time - available time and work pressures

- Staffing Levels loading up individuals

- Communication changes of workload, priorities

- Seasonal changes busy periods increasing levels of

manual handling

Pushing and Pulling Risks


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g g

Factors to consider when evaluating risks associated withpushing and/or pulling include: Task Individual Load Environment Equipment Organisational factors

Pushing and Pulling Risks the Task


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g g

Load

Distances Route Slopes Obstacles Effort required to start or stop the load

Hand position Repetitive pushing or pulling

Pushing and Pulling Risks the Individual


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Individual capabilities Shift work Physical attributes Existing conditions

Health problems Pregnancy Physical or mental disability

Task may determine capability Specialist training may be required

g g

Pushing and Pulling Risks the Load


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g g

Weight

Centre of gravity Stability What happens on slopes? Negotiating corners Size

Visibility Bulky

Pushing and Pulling Risks Environment


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g g

Surfaces

Condition Roughness Drainage

Inclines or slopes Stairs

Lighting Wind Temperature Constrains on posture Narrow passages

Doorways

Pushing and Pulling Risks Equipment


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g g q p

Fit for purpose

Maintained Wheels match surface

Size Material Compatible with surface

Handle height Brakes???

Pushing and Pulling Risks Organisational Impacts


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Workload demands

Deadlines Lack of control Working methods Communication Change management

Motivation Morale

Good Practice - Manual Handling Risk Assessment


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Carried out by teams- Range of views

- Range of risk perceptions

- Different ways of doing a task

- Physical ability

People involved are familiar with the task- How the job is done in practice (human behaviour)

- Managers and supervisors

Contact Health and Safety Department for advice

Formally documented and communicated

Arrangements for Implementing Risk Assessments


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Take action to remove hazards Alter equipment

Modify the environment

Training/briefings

Tool box talks

Safe systems of work

Procedures

Work instructions

Notices

Signs

Warning labels

Risk Assessment Filters


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The bodys capacity for handling loads can be affected by thenature of the task being carried out.

In such instances, a filter should be applied to help determine

what constitutes a safe load. Consider:

- Lifting and lowering

- Carrying for short distances

- Pushing and pulling

- Handling while seated

Risk Assessment Filters Human Capability


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Risk Assessment Filters


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Frequent lifting and lowering

Where operations are repeated Figures should bereduced by

Once or twice per minute 30%

Five to eight times per minute 50%

More than 12 times per minute 80%

Twisting

If handler twists through (fromfront)

Figures should bereduced by

45 degrees 10%

90 degrees 20%

Risk Assessment Filter - Sitting


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Risk Assessment Filter Pushing and Pulling


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g g

Stopping or starting the load- Men 20 kg (200 Newtons)

- Women 15 kg (150 Newtons)

Keeping the load in motion

- Men 10kg (100 Newtons)

- Women 7kg (70 Newtons)

Worked Example Risk Assessment Filter


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An operator has to load 30 x 25 kg sacks

into a machine

He is given 10 minutes to complete thetask

The space is restricted and he must twistthrough 45 degrees

The sacks are lifted from a pallet at waistheight, the machine is 30 cm higher than

the pallet

Is a detailed assessment required?

Exercise Risk Assessment Filter


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Male worker employed 7 hours per day to load boxes

weighing up to 15kg onto racking at various heights up to2m, 25 operations per hour.

Production line workers male/female. Seated 7 hour shift

sorting potatoes. Waste/damaged potatoes dropped into a

waste box located to the side of the operator.

Customer service operator in a supermarket, loading

shopping bags, taking loaded bags to customers car,

located in the car park. Walking up to 150 m.

Y/N

Y/N

Y/N

Exercise 3 Risk Assessment Filter


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Loading a market stall with vegatables. From store 50ms

away, loads are varied with maximum single item 25kg.Sack barrow and trolley available.

Sales representatives taking a breif case with laptop

computer to their car from the office.

Female office worker required to unload stocks of paper

and place them at floor level in the stockroom. Task

involves pushing boxes away from the body to load them

into the back of a store cupboard. Paper boxes weigh up

to 10kg.

Y/N

Y/N

Y/N

Course Content


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The MAC Tool

What is the MAC?


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Charts (MAC): Produced by UK HSE to help

businesses assess risks

Screening tool utilising a

numerical scoring system

Assists with prioritisinginterventions

Incorporates colour scheme to

show risk rating (visual output)


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MAC Scoring


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Other Factors to Consider


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Individual factors

Age Gender

Health status (I.e. previous back injury, hernia, pregnancy)

PPE

Training

Psychosocial factors

High workloads

Tight deadlines

Boredom

Not addressed in the MAC

Exercise Turning Cheese


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Use the MAC Tool to assess the task of turning cheese

Training


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The systematic development of attitude knowledge, and skill

patterns to enable a person to perform a task adequately

Ensuring an Effective Training Environment


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Competent instructor

Defined training objectives

A content of knowledge broken down into sequential units that

can be readily assimilated

A clear and orderly training programme

An appropriate place in which to learn Suitable equipment & visual aids

Sufficient time to attain the desired standard of knowledge and

competence

Frequent tests to ensure understanding


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Course Planning


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Define the target audience

Identify any specific training needs Set course aims and objectives

Think about costs, including time available

Consider availability and shift pattern of workers

Consider different learning approaches

I hear and I forget,

I see and I remember,

I do and I understand.Confucius - 500BC

Course Preparation


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Pre-session questionnaire

Know your audience Session plan outline course content

Resources

Equipment

Handouts

Flip charts

Activities

Training pack etc

Ensure suitability of training facilities

Ensure suitability of training materials

Lesson Plan


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Lesson plans should be developed to provide trainers with a

structured programme Things to consider:

Defined learning outcomes clearly stated

Timings

Identification of equipment/materials required Active delegate participation

Exercises

Opportunity for feedback and discussion

Exercise Preparing a Lesson Plan


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You are required to deliver a one day manual handling awarenesstraining course. Prepare a lesson plan to assist you in the delivery of

such a course, to incorporate the following key principles:

- Principles of Manual Handling

- Human Anatomy

- Manual Handling Injuries

- Kinetic Lifting Techniques

Remember to include a variety of elements, such as tuition, practical

elements, exercises, discussion opportunities and assessment.

Practice


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Plan and practice demonstrations

Be a model of best practice Do not over demonstrate bad points

Plan and practice your presentation

Check your timing and control the pace and flow of yourpresentation

Build confidence through positive feedback

Presentation


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Be enthusiastic and confident

Speak clearly and concisely

Maintain eye contact and include your audience

Avoid jargon

Know your subject

Dress to suit the occasion Be prepared

Communicate effectively

Motivate

Demonstrate empathy

Listen

Training Problems


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Friends

Colleagues Hecklers

Know alls

Pessimists

Whisperers People who do not want to be there

What problems could be created and how can we manage them?

Communication


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Key features of effective communication? Two-way exchange

Understood (not too complex)

Presented in suitable format (oral/visual)

Communication


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Use Questions:

To gain information

To open up a discussion or debate

To seek clarification

To get someones co-operation

To involve and motivate others To help people reflect and learn

Confirmation


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Summarise key points to confirm objectives achieved

Test to confirm knowledge and understanding

Quiz

Tests Formal and informal

Exercises/Case studies

Use a feedback form to:

Identify areas of improvement

Reflect on your own performance

Update/improve the session

Demonstrate professional approach

Exercise - Risk Assessment Workshop


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Using the MAC Tool, Carry out a Manual Handling Assessment on

the following activities:

Calibrating weigh scales

Charging solids

Repairing pumps in the workshop

Refilling GC machines

Exercise Risk Assessment Workshop


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Exercise - Improvement Strategy


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Consider the risk factors for manual handling

activities (T.I.L.E.O)

In groups develop a strategy to improve these

issues within your organisation.

Group 1 - Task

Group 2 - Individual

Group 3 - Load

Group 4 - Environment

Directed Study - Revision Sheet


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Physiology of the spine (to include functions of the spine anddiscs),

Musculoskeletal injuries

Kinetic lifting technique

Definitions:

Manual Handling Load

Injury

Employer & Employee Responsibilities

How to Avoid Manual Handling

Risk Assessment Factors TILEO

Hierarchy of Control

Course Content


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Types of Lifting and Handling Aid


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Powered Trucks, trolleys, vehicles Fork lift truck (rider operated and walk along)

Drum rotator

Non-powered trucks, trolleys and aids Pallet truck

Trolley

Tracks, conveyors, chutes, roller balls

Adjustable height devices, rotary tilt tables

Mechanical Hoists and vacuum lifting devices

Various other aids, straps, friction glides etc

Types of Lifting and Handling Aid


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Ergonomics


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Ergonomics is a science

concerned with the fit betweenpeople and their work.

It puts people first

Takes account of capabilitiesand limitations

Ensures that tasks, equipment,information and theenvironment suit the eachworker

Ergonomic Considerations


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The job being done

Physical & mental demands on the worker

The equipment used

Size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task

Information used

Presented, accessed, and changed The physical environment

Temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, vibration

The social environment

Teamwork and supportive management

Upper Limb Postures


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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome


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Transverse

Carpal

Ligament

Carpal

Bones

Flexor

Tendons

Median

Nerve

Carpal

Tunnel

Ergonomics Physical Aspects


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Body size and shape

Fitness and strength

Posture

The senses

Vision

Hearing Touch

The stresses and strains on muscles, joints, nerves

Areas for Ergonomic Improvements


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Control panels

Worker machine interfaces

Feedback systems from machines

Locations of buttons or switches

DSE

Manual handling

Ergonomics solving problems


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Minor alterations may solve most problems:

Height-adjustable chairs

Remove obstacles from under desks

Correctly arrange items stored on shelving

Raise platforms to help operators reach badly located controls

Change shift work patterns or introduce job rotation

Ergonomics Solving Problems


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Talk to employees

Get them to suggest ideas

Involve employees from the start

Make sure that any alterations are properly evaluated by the people

who do the job

If there is no straightforward solution, get qualified advice

Improvement Cycle


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Monitoring/Review


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Inspection of activity

To ensure effectiveness of new controls

Accident figures

Incident investigation

Behavioural programmes

New information

New guidance

New systems

New equipment

New substances

Example Assessment Questions


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Describe the structure of the spine (5 marks) Outline the function of the spine (5 marks)

Explain the considerations to be made when carrying out a manualhandling risk assessment (10 marks)

What is a prolapsed disc? (2 marks)

What are the effects of a prolapsed disc? (3 marks)

How does this type of injury occur? (3 marks)

Presentation - Assessment Criteria


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Content

Communication Technical knowledge Demonstration Timing Pace

Demonstration


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