name date class modern genetics guided reading and …€¦ · name date class modern genetics •...
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Name Date Class
Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
Human InheritanceThis section explains some patterns of inheritance in humans. It also describes thefunctions of the sex chromosomes and the relationship between genes and theenvironment.
Use Target Reading SkillsAs you read, write the main idea—the biggest or most important idea—in the graphic organizerbelow. Then write three supporting details that further explain the main idea.
Main Idea
Human traits are controlled by single genes with two alleles, single genes with .
Detail Detail Detail
b. c.
Patterns of Human Inheritance
1. The probability that two heterozygous parents for widow's peak will have a childwith a straight hairline is percent.
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Name Date Class
Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
Human Inheritance (con tin ued)
2. A gene with three or more alleles for a single trait has
3. Is the following sentence true or false? Even though a gene has multiple alleles,
a person can carry only two of those alleles.
4. Complete the table by writing all possible combinations of alleles for each
blood type.
Blood Types
Blood Type Combination of Alleles
AB
C)5. Why do some human traits, such as height and skin color, show a large
number of phenotypes?
6. Is the following sentence true or false? Skin color is controlled by more
than one gene.
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Name Date Class
Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
The Sex Chromosomes
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Genes on chromosomesdetermine whether a baby is a boy or a girl.
8. Females have two chromosomes. Maleshave one chromosome and one
chromosome.
9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about human sexchromosomes.
a. All eggs carry one X chromosome.b. Half of a male's sperm cells have an X chromosome.c. None of a male's sperm cells have a Y chromosome.d. The egg determines the sex of the child.
10. Genes on the X and Y chromosomes are called
11. Why are males more likely than females to have a sex-linked trait that is recessive?
12. Is the following question true or false? A carrier for colorblindness is
colorblind.
13. Why is a son who receives the allele for colorblindness from his mother
always colorblind?
The Effect of Environment
14. The effects of genes are often altered by the
15. List one environmental factor that can affect a person's height.
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Name Date Class
Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
Human Genetic DisordersThis section describes how changes in the DNA of some genes have affected certain
traits in humans.
Use Target Reading Skills
As you read, compare and contrast the types of genetic disorders by completing the
table below.
Disorder Description
Cystic fibrosis Abnormally thick mucus
Sickle-cell disease
Hemophilia
C)Down syndrome
Causes of Genetic Disorders
Cause
Loss of three DNA bases
1. An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromo-
somes is called a(n)
2. What causes genetic disorders?
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Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
3. What is cystic fibrosis?
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation
that is the dominant allele of a gene.
5. Circle the letter of the protein that is not normal in people with sickle-
cell disease.
a. mucus c. red blood cells
b. hemoglobin d. clotting protein
6. The allele for the sickle-cell trait is with the
normal allele.
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Hemophilia is caused by a
dominant allele on the X chromosome.
8. Hemophilia occurs more often in
9. Circle the letter of the cause of Down syndrome.
a. recessive alleleb. dominant allele
Oc. too many chromosomesd. too few chromosomes
10. Down syndrome most often occurs when
fail to separate properly during meiosis.
Pedigrees
11. A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a
certain trait is called a(n)
12. Is the following sentence true or false? On a pedigree, a circle represents
a male.
Managing Genetic Disorders
13. How are people helped when they have a genetic disorder?
14. A is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.
C)
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Name Date Class
Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
Advances in GeneticsThis section describes some of the research in genetic technology and how it can be used.
Use Target Reading Skills
Before you read, preview the red headings. In the graphic organizer below, ask a
question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
Advances in Genetics
Question
What is selective breeding?
Selective Breeding
Answer
Selective breeding is .
1. List the three methods that people have used to develop organisms withdesirable traits.
a. b.
c.
2. The process of selecting a few organisms with the desired traits to serveas parents of the next generation is called
3. What is inbreeding?
4. Is the following sentence true or false? In hybridization, breeders cross twoindividuals that are genetically identical.
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Modern Genetics • Guided Reading and Study
5. When breeders cross two genetically different individuals to produce an
organism with the best traits from both parents, this breeding method is
called
Cloning
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cloning.
a. A clone has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.
b. A cutting is one way to make a clone of an animal.c. It's easier to clone an animal than it is to clone a plant.
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Cloning can be done only inanimals.
Genetic Engineering8. In genetic engineering, genes from one organism are transferred into the
of another organism.
9. Complete this flowchart about genetic engineering in bacteria.
Genetic Engineering in Bacteria
Human DNA is spliced into the , which is a small ring ofDNA in bacteria.
Thethe human gene.
takes up the plasmid. It now contains
The bacterial cell reproduces thethat the human gene codes for.
10. What is gene therapy?
Learning About Human Genetics11. All the DNA in one cell of an organism is a(n)12. What has been the goal of the Human Genome Project?
13. How is a DNA fingerprint produced?
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