name of presentation - ferdowsi university of...
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O lOntology RepresentationRepresentation
فردآال اكرامي
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فهرستا وب معنايي•
آنتولوژي •زبان هاي نمايش آنتولوژي••RDF
–RDFs
–RDFa –RDFa•OWL
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The Intelligence is in the Connectionstio
n
Web 4 0
Intelligent Web
en In
form
a
2010 - 2020
2020 - 2030
SPARQL
Web 3.0
Web 4.0
Semantic Databases
Distributed Search
Intelligent personal agents
OWL SWRLSemantic Web
Web OS
tions
bet
we
Social Networking
JavascriptWeblogs
HTTP WikiDi t P t l
2000 - 2010
RSS Widgets
Office 2.0
XML
RDF
SPARQLAJAX
SOAP
Mashups
Social Media Sharing
ATOM Semantic SearchSemantic Databases
JavaSaaS
Web 2.0 Flash
HTML
P2P
The Web
OpenIDSocial Web
Con
nect
Soc a et o g
GroupwareDatabases
HTTPKeyword Search
Wikis
Websites
Directory Portals
Web 1.0 1990 - 2000
Fil S
Lightweight Collaboration
SaaS
SGML
SQLGopherThe PC
Windows
MacOS
BBS
MMO’s
VR
File Systems
USENET
PC Era1980 - 1990
PC’s
FTP IRC
File ServersThe Internet
Connections between people
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ا ا
وب معناييمعنا بخشيدن به محتويات وب•.عالوه بر انسان براي ماشين هم قابل فهم و پردازش است•.وسيله ماشينها قابل پردازش است هاي هوشمند كه بهداده•:استفاده از تكنولوژي وب معنايي در• ي
مطالعات علمي–تحليل ادبي–يافتن كاال در يك مركز خريد نزديك منزل–برنامه ريزي تعطيالت––...
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syntaxوsemanticتفاوت
I love travel
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وب معنايي چه كمكي مي كندا ا جستجو هوشمندانه تر در صفحات وب•
بهبود نتايج بازيابي شده توسط موتور جستجو•
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آنتولوژي.مدلي است براي نمايش دانش•.نمايش مجموعه مفاهيم و روابط بين اين مفاهيم•.بيان بخشي از اطالعات، نمايش كامل با استفاده از استنتاج•: عناصر اصلي آنتولوژي• ي
مفاهيم–يويژگي ها– ويژارتباط بين مفاهيم–
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آنتولوژيواژگان+ساختار=اصطالحات•قوانين و محدوديت روابط +اصطالحات=آنتولوژي•نمونه ها+آنتولوژي=پايگاه دانش•
افزايش دقت جستجو در وب•
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آنتولوژيآ آ .آنتولوژي شامل كالس ها و روابط بين آنهاست•
person organizationhas employer
Todd Spry, Inchas employer
p y
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TRIPLETRIPLE TRIPLEنمايش كالس ها و خصوصات با•
• triple( subject, predicate, object)
bj t bj tpredicate
Todd Spry, Inchas employer
subject objectpredicate
odd Sp y, c
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xmlاف ا ا ا ا ا ا ا گ ا ا زبان نشانه گذاري براي ارائه اسناد ساخت يافته•
ساختار استاندارد براي داده ها•ذخيره داده هاي خود توصيف•نپردازش راحت اسناد توسط ماشين• ش پ
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• html:
<h2>Relationship Force force</h2><h2>Relationship Force-force</h2>
<i> F = M * a </i>
l• xml:<equation><meaning>Relationship force-mass
</ meaning >
<leftside>F</ leftside >
<rightside>M*a</ rightside >
</equation>
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XMLكافي نيستا ا ا ا ط ال ا عدم اعمال شرط معنايي روي مفاهيم داده ها•
عدم پشتيباني از درك معنا و مفهوم داده ها•
نبا اين وجود•–XML زيربناي دستوري وب معنايي
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RDFا ا چارچوب شرح منابع•
كوچكترين جزء آنتولوژي•نمايش اشياء و روابط بين آنها•xmlمبتني بر• ر يمفاهيم اصلي•
بعمنابع–ويژگي ها–ت– ا هاع هاعبارت
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RDFمفاهيما منابع•
ويژگي ها•.بيان مي شوندURIمنابع و ويژگي ها توسط•
–Uniform Resource Identifiersعبارت•
–subject, predicate, objectj , p , j
Dave likes cookies
subject predicate object
<#dave> <pref:likes> <#cookies>.
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RDFيك سند<?xml version="1 0"?><?xml version 1.0 ?><rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
l i "htt // 3 h l / df/">xmlns:si="http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3schools.com"><si:title>W3Schools</si:title><si:author>Jan Egil Refsnes</si:author>
</rdf:Description></rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
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RDFS (RDF Schema)RDF RDFيك تعميم معنايي براي•
مشابه زبان هاي شيء گرا•شامل مشخصه هاي•
–rdfs:class
–rdfs:property
–rdfs:subclassofis sibling of–rdfs:subpropertyof
is sibling of is brother of
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RDFS-XML example<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
l b "htt // i l f k / i l #">xml:base="http://www.animals.fake/animals#">
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="animal"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
</ df D i ti ></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:ID="horse"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>< df bCl Of df "# i l"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#animal"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
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RDFa (RDF – in – attributes) RDFXHTML XHTMLدر داخل كدهايRDFتعبيه عبارات•
:افزودن مجموعه اي از صفات •– About
– rel and rev
– src, href and resource
– Propertyp y– content
– Datatypeyp
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RDFaساختن يك سه گانه درنمايش نام كامل يك فرد•
<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>b ”#j ” ”f f ”<span about=”#jane” property=”foaf:name”>
Jane mcJanerson
</span>
</body>
jane Jane mcJanerson
name
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RDFa<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
<span about=”#jane” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name” >property= foaf:name >
Jane mcJanerson
</span></span>
</body>
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RDFa<body xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns com/foaf/0 1/>body xmlns:foaf http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
<span about=”#jane” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name”> Jane mcJanerson</span>
<span about=”#mac” instanceof=” foaf:person” property=”foaf:name”> Mac McMacerson</span>
f f<span about=”# jane” rel=”foaf:khows” resource=”#mac” >Jan is friends with Mac</span>
</body>
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OWLزبان هستي شناسي وب•زباني براي نمايش مفاهيم وب•xmlمبتني بر•
جپشتيباني از استدالل و استنتاج• و ل ز ي پسه زير زبان•
–OWL FullOWL Full
–OWL DL
OWL Lite –OWL Lite
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OWL.نيازبه پشتيباني از استدالل كارا و قدرت بيان مطمئن زبان•
• OWL Full
• OWL DL (Description Logic)( p g )• OWL Lite
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OWLسندl Cl df ID “ i P f ”<owl:Class rdf:ID=“associateProfessor”>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#academicStaffMember”/>
</owl:Class></owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about=“#associateProfessor”><owl:disjointWith rdf:resource=“#professor”/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource=“#assistantProfessor”/>
/ l Cl</owl:Class>
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OWLو RDFمقايسهO lRDFRDF •Owl بر اساس نحوRDFوRDFsساخته شده
•Owlزبان قوي تري استو قابليت تفسير بهتر براي داراي لغات بيشتر و نحو قوي تر•
ماشين”عدم اشتراك كالسها“توانايي نمايش•ستركيب بولي كالس ها• ي بو يب ر
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نر م افزارها•Protégé
–OWL-based
–Fact++ reasoner
–SPARQL
•JENA
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ProtégéProtégé
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با تشكر