name the seven dwarves
DESCRIPTION
Name the Seven Dwarves. Take out a piece of paper. Difficulty of Task. Was the exercise easy or difficult. It depends on what factors?. Whether you like Disney movies how long ago you watched the movie how loud the people are around you when you are trying to remember. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Name the Seven Dwarves
Take out a piece of paper
![Page 2: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Difficulty of Task
• Was the exercise easy or difficult.
It depends on what factors?
•Whether you like Disney movies
•how long ago you watched the movie
•how loud the people are around you when you are trying to remember
![Page 3: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MemoryThe persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of
information.
As you might have guessed, the next topic we are going to examine is…….
So what was the point of the seven dwarves exercise?
![Page 4: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Memory process
• Encoding• Storage
• Retrieval
![Page 5: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Encoding
• The processing of information into the long-term storage.
Typing info into a computer Getting a girls name at a party
![Page 6: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Storage
• The retention of encoded material over time.
Pressing Ctrl S and saving the info.
Trying to remember her name when you leave the party.
![Page 7: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Retrieval• The process of getting the information out
of memory storage.
Finding your document and opening it up.
Seeing her the next day and calling her the wrong name (retrieval failure).
![Page 8: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Now pick out the seven dwarves.
Turn your paper over.
Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley Jumpy Hopeful Goofy Sleazy Shy Droopy Moody Hoppy Dopey Sniffy Wishful Puffy Ren Dumpy Sneezy Pop Grumpy Cheesy Bashful Cheerful Teach Snorty Nifty Itchy Happy Doc Wheezy Stubby Poopy Diddy Stimpy
![Page 9: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Seven Dwarves
Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful
![Page 10: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Quiz Question
Darren was asked to memorize a list of letters that included v, q, y, and j. He later recalled these letters as e, u, i, and k, suggesting that the original letters had been encoded
A. AutomaticallyB. VisuallyC. SemanticallyD. Acoustically
![Page 11: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Recall v. Recognition• With recall- you must retrieve the
information from your memory (fill-in-the blank tests).
• With recognition- you must identify the target from possible targets (multiple-choice tests).
• Which is easier?
Did you do better on the first or second dwarf memory exercise?
![Page 12: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of Memory
• Sensory Memory• Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
EncodingRetrieval
![Page 13: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sensory Memory• The immediate, initial recording of sensory
information in the memory system.• Echoic – sensory memory for sound (last
1-2 s.)• Iconic – sensory memory for vision (lasts
a fraction of a second)• Stored just for an instant, and most gets
unprocessed.
![Page 14: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Short-Term Memory
• Memory that holds a few items briefly.• Seven digits (plus of minus two).• The info will be stored into long-term or
forgotten.How do you store things from short-term to long-term?
RehearsalYou must repeat things over and over to put them into your long-term memory.
![Page 15: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Long Term Memory
• Unlimited storehouse of information.
• Explicit (declarative) memories
• Implicit (non-declarative) memories
![Page 16: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Explicit Memories (aka, declarative memories)
• Episodic Memories
• Semantic Memories
Formed by the hippocampus; stored in the cerebral cortex.
![Page 17: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Implicit Memories
• Procedural Memories
• Conditioned Memories
Formed by the cerebellum; stored in the cerebral cortex.
![Page 18: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
To summarize….
![Page 19: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CliveWearing•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmzU47i2xgw
•BBC How Does Memory Work•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxVb6M8UPTQ&noredirect=1
How to remember
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8S8V9VEFyI&feature=related
•Superior Autobiographical Memory•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHeEQ85m79I
![Page 20: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Tuesday, October 30Fact or Falsehood.Write out these statements. Do you agree or disagree?1. Once you learn to ride a bicycle, you won’t likely forget.2. The best way to remember something is to repeat it many
times.3. People with photographic memory are rare.4. There is no known limit to how much information you can
remember.5. You can remember important events from the first two
years of your life.6. There are certain tricks you can use to improve your
memory
![Page 21: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Encoding
Getting the information in our heads!!!!
How do you encode the info you read in our text?
![Page 22: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Two ways to encode information
• Automatic Processing• Effortful Processing
![Page 23: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Automatic Processing• Unconscious encoding of incidental
information.• Examples: what table you were
seated at a restaurant; what you ate for breakfast, where on the page a word was, who you saw on the way to class today.
• Things can become automatic with practice (when you first learn a new word, every time you hear it, you consciously and effortfully pull up the definition from meaning; after hearing it 50 times, you can understand the word without effort – reading Shakespeare.)
![Page 24: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Effortful Processing• Encoding that requires attention and conscious
effort.• Examples: vocabulary for school, dates, names• Rehearsal (conscious repetition) is the most
common effortful processing technique.• It depends on the amount of time spent
processing the information.• Overlearning (reviewing things you already know)
enhances retention.
![Page 25: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Spacing Effect• We increase long-
term retention when we study or practice over time.
• Cramming is an inefficient means of studying
![Page 26: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Quiz Question
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
A. short-termB. ImplicitC. EchoicD. ExplicitE. Semantic
![Page 27: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Quiz QuestionMemory of facts is to ________ as memory of
skills is to ________.A. brainstem; hippocampusB. Explicit memory; implicit memoryC. Automatic processing; effortful processingD. Short-term memory; long-term memoryE. Iconic; echoic
![Page 28: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Serial Positioning Effect• We tend to remember the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency
effect) of a list best.• Primacy effect is stronger than recency effect if there is a delay between
the list and recall.
Order on list
Words remembered
![Page 29: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Value of elaboration
A = does the word contain an “e”? Yes or no.B = how many syllables does the word have?
C = does the word evoke pleasant (P) or unpleasant (U) feelings for you?
A words: fireplace, movie, shoe, puppy
B words: tortilla, window, goldfish, basketball
C words: Dickens, soda, popsicle, dream
From which list did you remember the most? Why?
![Page 30: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Which type works best?
![Page 31: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Chunking• Organizing items
into familiar, manageable units.
• Often it will occur automatically.
Chunk- from Goonies1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Take 10 seconds to try to remember this number list:
Now, try again:1492, 1776, 1812, 1941
What are some other examples of chunking?
![Page 32: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tricks to EncodingMnemonic Devices = memory tricks
-Often use imagery (peg word, method of loci, “hippo on campus…”)
-May use chunking (HOMES, ROY G. BIV),
Links to examples of mnemonic devices.
Give me some more examples….
![Page 33: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Mnemonic for remembering spelling:
I before E except after C,and when sounding like "ay" as in Neighbor or Weigh(unfortunately there are more than 200 exceptions including 'weird' and names like 'Sheila' and 'Freidman')
• Mnemonic for predicting the next day's weather:
Red sky at night, sailor's delight,red sky in morning, sailors take warning.
![Page 34: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mnemonic for remembering the number of days in a month:
Thirty days hath September,April, June, and November;All the rest have thirty-oneExcepting February alone:Which has twenty-eight, that's fine
![Page 35: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
PEG WORDSMemorize these countries:
Canada,USA, Mexico, Belize• You might think of a can (Canada) on the sidewalk. Uncle
Sam (USA) walks along and practically trips on the can. He goes to a Texaco (Mexico) gas station to call for a doctor. While he’s waiting, he feels the cool evening breeze (Belize). Etc.!
![Page 36: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Improve your memory
• http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/how-to-improve-your-memory1.htm
• This is an article
![Page 37: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Study pitfalls1. Visual encoding: thinking about the appearance of the
word 2. Acoustic encoding: thinking about the sound of the word
(unless it is set to music—then it is great for rote memorization)
3. The next-in-line effect: we seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next.
4. Information minutes before sleep is seldom remembered; in the hour before sleep, well remembered.
5. Taped info played while asleep is registered by ears, but we do not remember it.
![Page 38: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Quiz QuestionIn order to remember to buy sugar, ham, oranges,
and potatoes the next time he does to the grocery store, Nabil forms the word “SHOP” with the first letter of each item. He is using a memory aid known as
A. ChunkingB. The spacing effectC. The serial position effectD. The method of lociE. The next-in-line effect
![Page 39: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Quiz Question
When Carlos was promoted, he moved into a new office with a new phone extension. Every time he is asked for his phone number, Carlos first thinks of his old extension, illustrating the effects of
A. proactive interferenceB. Retroactive interferenceC. Encoding failureD. Storage failure
![Page 40: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• As you listen to this list of words decide whether or not the word contains the letter “e”
![Page 41: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• As you listen to this list of words try to visualize an image that matches the word. Decide if you like the word.
![Page 42: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• How do you remember?
Passive Active
![Page 43: Name the Seven Dwarves](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020200/5681344d550346895d9b33f3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Create a Mindmap
• 3 Steps to remember: