Faculty of Engineering Technology

& Research. Isroli, Afwa.

Name Enrollment no Roll no

Dedakiya Harsh 130840106012 36

Parekh Ravi 130840106054 48

Patel Himanshu 130840106035 80

Kanjariya Hiren 130840106017 77

Patel Milin 130840106041 05

Patel Harsh 130840106033 53

Guided by

- Mr. Shivang Dabhi

-Miss Ankita Upadhyay

Modern tools

Introduction to GPS Remote sensing geographic information system

INTRODUCTION TO GPS: THE GPS IS A WORLDWIDE RADIO-NAVIGATION SYSTEM FORMED FROM A CONSTELLATION OF 24 SATELITES AND THEIR GROUNFD STATIONS.

SATELITE BASED POSITIONING SYSTEM ARE GENERALLY USED FOR NAVIGATION PURPOSE AND ALSO FIND APPLICATION IN SURVEYING.

THE GPS ENABLES THE USER TO LOCATE HIS/HER POSITION IN THREE DIMENSIONS AS WELL AS WITH RESPECT TO TIME.

THE GPS IS COMPRISED OF THREE SEGMENT:1) SATELITE CONSTELLATION CALLEDSPACE SEGMENTS.2) GROUND CONTROL CALLED OPERATIONAL CONTROL

SEGMENT.3) USER RECEVING EQUIPMENT CALLED USER

EQUIPMWNT SEGMENT.

Global positioning system

Satellite constellation

Functional segment of GPS

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GPS:

FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION, WE DESCRIBE THE GPS RUN BY THE US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE.

THE SYSTEM HAS A MINIMUM OF 24 SATELLITES.

SATELLITE CONSTELLATION:

THE SATELLITES ARE PLACED IN ORBITS SUCH THAT THERE ARE 6 ORBITS HAVING 4 SATELLITES.

EACH ONE NEEDS TO RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM AT LEAST FOUR SATELLITES TO UNIQUETLY DETERMINE THE POSITION OF THE USER.

SATELLITE CONSTELLATION

POSITIONING USING SATELITE SIGNALS:

GPS RECEIVERS

GPS RECEIVERS HAVE GREATLY IMOROVED IN DESIGN AND ELECTRONICS.

HEAVY RECEIVERS. HAND-HELD RECEIVERS. REAL TIME KINEMATIC TECHNIQUE

(RTK) IN RTK A REFERENCE RECEIVER IS

PLACED AT A POINT OF KNOEN COORDINATES.

GPS Receivers

USES & APPLICATION SOME OF THE USES AND

APPLICATION, GLOBAL, REGIONAL, & LOCAL ARE AS FOLLOWS.

USES & APPLICATION NAVIGATION

SURVEYING

NAVIGATION:

MARINE AND AIR NAVIGATION. MILITARY AND CIVILIANCE.

THE REGIONAL APPLICATIONS OF GPS INCLUDE:1) EXPLORATION2) TRANSPORTATION3) MANAGEMENT4) STRUCTURAL MONITORING5) VARIOUS TYPES OF AUTOMATION.

AS A LOCAL APPLICATION:1) BERTHING & DOCKING OF LARGE VESSLES.

FOR APPROACHES TO AIRPORTS & HARBOURS, DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (DGPS) HAS BEEN DEVELOPED.

AIRPORT CONTROL.

GPS Navigation

SURVEYING:

TO LOCATE POSITIONS FOR SURVEYING WORKS SINCE GPS RECEIVERS NEED TO RECEIVE SIGNALS

FROM SATELLITES, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE GROUND EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE PLACED SUCH THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM SATELLITES,

NOW A DAYS GPS IS FINDING ITS WAY INTO CARS, BOATS, PLANES, CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MOVIE MAKING GEAR, FARM MACHINERY,LAPTOP COMPUTERS ETC.

SOON GPS WILL BECOME ALMOST AS BASIC AS THE TELEPHONE.

GPS surveying

REMOTE SENSING:

REMOTE SENSING MEANS ACQURING INFORMATION OF OBJECTS FROM A DITANCE.

SOME OF THE EX. ARE SHOWN ABOVE: HUMAN EYE SIGHT SMELL HEARING BIRDS EYE REMOTE SENSING OCCURS AT A DISTANCE

FROM THE OBJECT.

Remote sensing

DEFINITION OF REMOTE SENSING

REMOTE SENSING IS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT AN OBJECT. AREA OR PHENOMENON THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF THE DATA ACQUIRED BY A DEVICE WHICH IS NOT IN CONTACT.

COLLECTING AND INTERPRETING INFORMATION.

WITHOUT BEING IN PHYSICAL CONTACT. REMOTE SENSING IS THE METHODOLOGY

EMPLOYED TO STUDY FROM A DITANCE THE PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTS.

REMOTE SENSING:ART & SCIENCE

REMOTE SENSING IS A TOOL SIMILAR TO MATHEMATICS.

THE TERM REMOTE SENSING IS RESTRICTED TO METHODS THAT EMPLOY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY AS MEANS OF DETDCTING AND MEASURING TARGET CHARACTERISTICS.

AIRCRARFTS AND SATELLITE ARE THE COMMON PLATFORMS USED FOR REMOTE SENSING.

Electromagnetic spectrum

CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTE SENSING.

REMOTE SENSING IS BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CATEGORIES.

CLASSIFICATION

ACTIVE PASSIVE

DIFFRENCE BETWEEN ACTIVE & PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING:

ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING

1) IT USES ITS OWN SOURCE OF ENERGY.

1) IT USES SUN AS A SOURCE OF EM ENERGY.

2) THE ENERGY IS DIRECTED TOWARDS THE OBJECT & RETURN ENERGY IS MEASURED.

2) THE ENERGY IS RECORDS &NATURALLY RADIATED & REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT.

3) A SYSTEM WHICH UTILIZES MAN-MADE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR DATA COLLECTION IS CALLED ACTIVE SYSTEM.

3) IN THIS SYSTEM PHOTOGRAPHS ARE TAKEN ON A CLEAR BRIGHT DAY, WITHOUT ILLUMINATION FROM THE SUN NO PHOTOGRAPHS CAN BE TAKEN WITH A CAMERA.

Active & passive learning

REMOTE SENSING PROCESS

a) THE ENERGY SOURCEb) INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH

ATMOSPHEREc) INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH TARGETd) RECORDING OF ENERGY BY SENSORe) TRANSMISSION, RECEPTION AND

PROCESSINGf) INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSISg) APPLICATION.

Remote sensing process

Different remote sensing process

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING.

SOME OF THE APPLICATION AREASNNARE:1) AGRICULTURE2) FORESTRY3) ENVIRONMENT4) COSTAL MAPPING5) MARINE APPLICATION6) URBAN ENVIRONMENT7) LAND & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT8) GEOLOGY9) LAND USE10) INFORMATION

Different remote sensing application

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

GIS IS A DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES MANY FACILITIES FOR SURVEYOURS AND PLANERS.

GIS IS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS &STORE SPATIALLY REFERENCED DATANNWITH OTHER RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES & ENABLES US TO MANIPULATE,ANALYSE & DISPLAY IN SUITABLE FORMATS, SUCH DATA CAN BE USED FOR VARIOUS PLANNING AND DESIGN PUPOSE.

OBJECTIVE OF THE GIS

i. TO COLLECT, ANALYSE AND MANIPULATESPATIAL DATA.

ii. TO PRODUCE MAPS &OTHER PRODUCTS IN STANDARDIZED FORMATES FOR DIFFERENT USES.

iii. TO SUPPLY INFORMATION IN USEFUL FORMATS FOR LOGICAL DECISION MAKING FOR PLANNERS.

iv. TO SUPPORT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES USING SPATIAL AS WELL AS NON-SPATIAL DATA.

DEFINATION OF GIS

GIS MAY BE DEFINED AS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM WHICH ATTEMPTS TO CAPTURE,STORE, MANIPULATE, ANALYSE AND DISPLAY SPATIALLY REFERENCED & ASSOCIATED ATTRIBUTE DATA FOR SOLVING COMPLEX RESEARCH, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS.

Essentials of GIS

KEY COMPONENTS OF GIS

HARDWARE SOFTWARE PEOCEDURE DATA USERS

Key components of GIS

FUNCTION OF GIS

FOR ANY APPLICATION, THERE ARE 5 GENERIC QUESTIONS THAT GIS CAN ANSWERS.

1) WHAT IS AT.............?2) WHERE IS IT.............?3) WHAT HAS CHANGED................?4) WHAT SPATIAL PATTERNS EXIST............?5) WHAT IF...........?

APPLICATION OF GIS

SURVEYING & MAPPING ARE THE PRIMARY AREASNN OF GIS APPLICATION.

RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT & DESIGB OF PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES ARE AREAS WHERE GIS CAN OLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE.

LIST OF APPLICATIONS OF GIS

ENGINEERING MAPPING AUTOMATED PHOTOGRAMMETRY TAX MAPPING HIGHWAY MAPPING FACILITY MAPPING CENSUS MAPPING, WELL LOG DATA MAPPING LAND USE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT STUDIES NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-FOREST,

AGICULTURE ETC ROTING-HIGHWAY,PIPELINES URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING.

Thank you