Name:Shah Rushabh JName:Shah Rushabh J Branch:Computer Engg.(3rd D)Branch:Computer Engg.(3rd D)

Enrollment:130460107066Enrollment:130460107066 Sub:Database mangement SystemSub:Database mangement System

History of DBMSHistory of DBMS Database management systems (DBMSs) have played an outsized Database management systems (DBMSs) have played an outsized

role in the history of software development and in the creation role in the history of software development and in the creation and growth of the software products industry. Recognizing the and growth of the software products industry. Recognizing the major role played by these products, the Annals is publishing two major role played by these products, the Annals is publishing two special issues on the subject. special issues on the subject.

These two issues will be the fourth and fifth sponsored by the These two issues will be the fourth and fifth sponsored by the Software Industry Special Interest Group of the Computer History Software Industry Special Interest Group of the Computer History Museum (formerly the Software History Center). Museum (formerly the Software History Center).

This issue (the first) is focused on the products, companies, and This issue (the first) is focused on the products, companies, and people who designed, programmed, and sold mainframe DBMS people who designed, programmed, and sold mainframe DBMS software products beginning in the 1960s and 1970s. The second software products beginning in the 1960s and 1970s. The second issue will be devoted to the relational DBMS products, which were issue will be devoted to the relational DBMS products, which were developed during the 1970s and came to prominence (and some developed during the 1970s and came to prominence (and some say dominance) during the 1980s and 1990s.say dominance) during the 1980s and 1990s.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Database Advantages and Disadvantages of Database Management System (DBMS)Management System (DBMS)

A DBMS offers several advantages over filing systems in A DBMS offers several advantages over filing systems in which data appearing in separate files are not which data appearing in separate files are not interrelated and centrally managed.interrelated and centrally managed.

Better informationBetter information Because data are integrated in a database environment, Because data are integrated in a database environment, information that otherwise might be difficult or information that otherwise might be difficult or impossible to pull together can be collected.impossible to pull together can be collected.

Faster Response timeFaster Response time Since data are integrated into a single database, Since data are integrated into a single database, complex request can be handled much more quickly.complex request can be handled much more quickly.

Lower Operating CostLower Operating Cost Since response time is faster, users can do more work in less time.Since response time is faster, users can do more work in less time.

Lower Storage Requirement In a database system, integration often means that the same data In a database system, integration often means that the same data need not appear over and over again in separate files, thereby need not appear over and over again in separate files, thereby saving valuable disk space.saving valuable disk space.

Improved Data Integrity In a database system, integration often means that a data update In a database system, integration often means that a data update need be made in only one place to be reflected throughout the need be made in only one place to be reflected throughout the system automatically – thereby avoiding the error that is often system automatically – thereby avoiding the error that is often introduced when the same update has to be made manually in introduced when the same update has to be made manually in several independent files.several independent files.

Better Data Management Central storage in a single database gives a DBMS better control Central storage in a single database gives a DBMS better control over the data dictionary, security and standards.over the data dictionary, security and standards.

Database processing also has a down side that a Database processing also has a down side that a company or an individual should consider. The company or an individual should consider. The major problem is major problem is costcost..

Database software Relative to other types of file-management software, a DBMS is expensive.

New Hardware A DBMS often requires a great deal of memory and secondary storage, and accessing records can be time consuming. Some users find it necessary to upgrade to a bigger, more powerful computer system.

Disadvantages

Training PC-based database management systems are often more PC-based database management systems are often more difficult to master then spreadsheets or word processors. difficult to master then spreadsheets or word processors. Relating data in different files can be tricky and users who Relating data in different files can be tricky and users who want to custom-design their own applications with want to custom-design their own applications with programming language facility must prepare for a programming language facility must prepare for a substantial investment in learning time.substantial investment in learning time.

Increase in system’s vulnerabilityCost is not the only problem. Because the data in the Cost is not the only problem. Because the data in the database is highly integrated, a problem with a key database is highly integrated, a problem with a key element might render the whole system inactive.element might render the whole system inactive.

Despite the disadvantages, however, DBMSs have becomeDespite the disadvantages, however, DBMSs have becomeimmensely popular with both organizations and individuals.immensely popular with both organizations and individuals.