Naming Bases

• Bases are ionic compounds composed of a) metallic or positively charged ions

& b) negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-)

Rule for naming: add the word “hydroxide” to the name of the positive ionEx) NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2

SALTS

Salts are usually described as ionic solids, made up of a positive metallic ion & a negative non-metallic ion joined together by an ionic bond. Salts may be prepared through the neutralization reaction between an acid & a base. acid + base salt + water

Ex) HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Naming Salts:

The negative ion of a salt is named by using a stem, the name of the acid with a different ending.The pattern is as follows:ending of name of acid ending of negative ion

“ic” becomes ate“ous” becomes ite

Ex) 1. HBrO4 + NaOH NaBrO4 + H2O

perbromic acid sodium perbromate

2. HBrO3 + NaOH NaBrO3 + H2O bromic acid sodium bromate

3. HBrO2 + NaOH NaBrO2 + H2O

bromous acid sodium bromite

4. HBrO + NaOH NaBrO + H2O hypobromous acid sodium hypobromite

Name the parent acid & base of each salt:

Negative ion – from acid Positive ion – from base

SALT PARENT ACID PARENT BASE

KNO3

Na2SO4

LiClO

NaFO4

Salts of Diprotic Acids (H2SO4 & H2CO3)

Salt with 1 hydrogen are sometimes indicated by the use of the prefix “bi”. Ex) NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate or sodium hydrogen sulfate

Salts of Polyprotic Acids (H3PO4)

Prefixes may be used to indicate the number of acid hydrogens remaining.Ex) H3PO4 - acid parent phosphoric acid

NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Na2HPO4 sodium monohydrogen phosphate

Na3HPO4 sodium phosphate

• NOTE: the charge of the negative ion is determined by the number of protons (H+) lost.

CO32- lost 2H+ = H2CO3

PO43- lost 3H+ = H3PO4

NO2- lost 1H+ = HNO2

Sample Problems: Name the following salts.1. NaFO4 6. calcium hyponitrite

2. KClO2

3. LiBrO 7. iron (III) percarbonate

4. NaClO3

5. HNO