naming compounds
DESCRIPTION
Naming Compounds. What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii). e –. 1). 2). Na. Na +. Cl. Cl –. Cl –. Na +. Ionic bonding. Ionic bonding involves 3 steps - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Naming Compounds
What's in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet."
- William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii)
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Cl– Na+ Cl–
Ionic bondingIonic bonding involves 3 steps • 1) loss of an electron(s) by one element,• 2) gain of electron(s) by a second element,• 3) attraction between positive and negative
Na Cl
e–1) 2)
3)
Na+
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IonsSince ions are formed as a results of the
movement of electrons, ionic compounds will conduct electricity when
in solution
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Covalent bondingIf two atoms have approximately the same pull on electrons, they share the electrons (forming a “covalent” bond)
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Rules for namingIonic compounds
MONATOMIC IONS (single atom ions)• Metal ions form positive ions : CATIONS• Metal (+ ion) comes 1st Names• Identified simply by the elements name
• Negative ions : ANIONS• Drop the ending and replace with -ide.
Example: sodium chloride
• Do not capitalized unless starting a sentence
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Binary Compounds
(compounds composed of two elements)• Total number of positive charges and negative
charges must be equal• Use valence electrons to balance name of cation name of anion
• Example: magnesium bromide Mg2+ Br1-
need 2 Br1-
MgBr2
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• Some metals form 2 or more cations with different charges
• As before, positive metal comes first• The charge (valence) of the metal is indicated
in brackets using roman numerals• the anion ends in –ide
• e.g. Fe2+ is iron(II) Fe3+ is iron(III)
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Element (charge)
Name
Cu (1,2) copper (I) , copper(II)
Fe (2,3) iron(II), iron (III)
Pb (2,4) lead(II), lead(IV)
Sn (2,4) tin (II), tin (IV)
Co (2,3) cobalt (II), cobalt (III)
Cr (2,3) chromium(II) chromium(III)
Mn (2,3) manganese(II), manganese(III)
Hg (1,2) mercury (I), mercury (II)
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• Groups of atoms can also have valences• “Polyatomic ions” are groups of atoms that
interact as a single unit• e.g. OH1-, (SO4)2-,
Ba3(PO4)2 =
Polyatomic Ions
barium phosphate• Naming compounds with polyatomic ions is
similar to naming other ionic compounds• You should note that compounds with polyatomic
ions have names ending in -ate or -ite not -ide• Note that most are negative, except ammonium• Name: Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NH4NO3, Co2(CO3)3
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- calcium hydroxide - copper(II) sulfate - ammonium nitrate - cobalt(III) carbonate
Ca(OH)2 CuSO4 NH4NO3 Co2(CO3)3
Compounds containing polyatomic ions
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Practice namingIonic compounds
Give formulae & name: Ca + I, O + Mg, Na + S= Ca2I1 = CaI2 = calcium iodide= Mg2O2 = MgO = magnesium oxide= Na1S2 = Na2S = sodium sulfide
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Naming covalent compounds• -ide ending, each element has “prefix”1 mono
2 di3 tri4 tetra5 penta6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca
• prefix refers to # of atoms - not valenceN2O4 = dinitrogen tetroxide
• Exception: drop mono for first elementCO2 = carbon dioxide
• The first vowel is often dropped to avoid the combination of “ao” or “oo”.
CO = carbon monoxide (monooxide)
SO2= sulfur dioxide (doxide)• Name: CCl4, P2O3, IF7
P4O10= tetraphosphorus decoxide
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Write and name the following covalent compounds
carbon tetrachloride
diphosporus trioxide
iodine heptafluoride
CCl4
P2O3
IF7