KHADIJAH ZAMAN1429-314001

BS BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOLOGY-II

PRESENTEDTO:DR.NADEEM KHALID

CONTENTSABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONNANOSCALETIMEFRAME OF NANOBIOTECHNANOPORES AND NANOPARTICLESNANOSENSORSNANOELECTRONICSNANOMEDICINCEAPPLICATION OF NANOBIOTECHNANO DEVICES

• Bionanotechnology is a division of nanotechnology which uses biological starting materials, and it keeps exciting opportunities to bring high-impact advances in the field of bioengineering and medicine.

• Currently one of the two progressive areas are the biotechnology and nanotechnology, and these two progressive fields combination will form an interesting new field coined as ‘Bionanotechnology’.

Abstract

• Bionanotechnology has become an fantastic field of research and an area of technology development. It offers at the nanoscale (100,000 times smaller than the diameter of the average human hair) the ability to provide insight into the structural features of biological systems such as cell or tissue as well as to develop nanobiomaterials/ medical units for diagnostics, therapeutics and tissue regeneration.

• Ongoing work on bionanotechnology includes development of nanoprobes that can characterize the nanoscale structure and function of cells. This article information is all about the current status of bionanotechnology and its applications.

Abstract

Reserchers learn from biology to create new micronanoscale devices to better understand lifeProcesses at the nanoscale.Nano.the Greek word for “dwarf” indicates one billionth of something.So, a nanometre is simply a billionth of a metre.The nanotechnology talks between 1 and 100nm.Some examples are, the dia of one hydrogen atom is 0.1nm, width of DNA molecule is 2.5nm and glucose is just below 1nm in size.

INTRODUCTION

• Bionanotechnology is just a rapidly developing area of scientific and technological opportunity that applies the tools and processes of nano/microfabrication to build devices for studying biosystems.

• It is also regarded as the area of study where nanotechnology has applications in the field of biology and medical sciences. It became one of the booming and exciting research fields throughout the globe. Nevertheless, in the past few years, there also have been some great discoveries and inventions had occured in these type of studies.

INTRODUCTION

• “Nano” means dwarf in Greek • Nanocsale : 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m

Water molecule

NanodevicesNanopores

DendrimersNanotubesQuantum dotsNanoshells

White blood cellTennis ball

Nanoscale

The Timeframe of Nanobiotechnology

NANOBIOSENSORS

NANOSENSING

NANOELECTRONICS

APPLICATION OF BIONANOTECHNOLOGY

Applications of Different Nanoparticles in Medicine

Liposomes

• Liposomes are phospholipid vesicles (50–100 nm) • They have a bilayer membrane structure similar to that of

biological membranes and an internal aqueous phase• Liposomes show excellent circulation, penetration and

diffusion properties

Dendrimers

• These are highly branched synthetic polymers (<15 nm)• It show layered architectures constituted of a central

core, an internal region and numerous terminal groups• Wide application in Drug Delivery System (DDS) and

gene delivery

A) Liposomes

DendrimersB)

• Carbon nanotubes• These are formed of coaxial graphite sheets (<100 nm)

rolled up into cylinders• It exhibit excellent strength and electrical properties and

are efficient heat conductors• Due to semiconductor nature of nanotubes are used as

biosensors

• Magnetic nanoparticles • These are spherical nanocrystals of 10–20 nm of size

with a Fe2+ and Fe3+ core surrounded by dextran or PEG molecules

• Their magnetic properties make them excellent agents to label biomolecules in bioassays, as well as MRI contrast agents

• Useful in targeted gene therapy.

C) Carbon nanotubes

Magnetic nanoparticlesD)

Quantum dots• These are colloidal fluorescent semiconductor

nanocrystals (2–10 nm)• They are resistant to photobleaching and show

exceptional resistance to photo and chemical degradation

• Quantum dots excellent contrast agents for imaging and labels for bioassays

Gold nanoparticles • These are one type of metallic nanoparticle of

size <50 nm• These are prepared with different geometries,

such as nanospheres, nanoshells, nanorods or nanocages

• These are excellent labels for biosensors

F)

E) Quantum dots

Goldnanoparticles

NANODEVICESATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPEATPASE MOTORBRAIN MACHINE INTERFACEBIOCHEMICAL MOTORCARBON NANOTUBEIMAGING DEVICESNANOCHEMICAL OSCILATORRIBOSOMES AS NANOMEMORIES