R R INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NANOROBOTS AND APPLICATIONS IN BIO-MEDICINE

Presented by:- Under the guidance of :-

Raman K S Dr . Shipra Upadhyay

USN:-1RI11EC036 Associate Professor

Dept of ECE, RRIT

Contents

What is a robot? What is a nanobot?

‘Nano scale’ concept illustration

Types of nanobots

Different approaches for building nanomaterials

Hardware components in a nanobot

Applications in medical field

Advantages and disadvantages

Conclusion

References

What is a robot?

A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent,

usually an electro-mechanical machine that is

guided by a computer program or electronic

circuitry.

Robots can be autonomous or semi-

autonomous.

What is a Nanobot?

Nano-Robots are the robots that are simply known as the controllable machines at the

nano meter or the molecular scale, composed of nano-components.

What do you mean by the term ‘nano-scale’?

The word ‘Nano’ means a scale of 10−9 metre; having or involving dimensions of less than 2000 nanometres.

Most common examples of nano-scale substances are Fullerene, our DNA, Carbon Nano Tubes..etc

For a size comparison, the width of the human hair is said to be greater than 50,000 nanometers.

Types of nanobots

Biochip Nubots Bacteria based

Virus based

Biochip based nanorobot

Usually built by the joint use of nanoelectronic

components such as single electron transistors, carbon

nano tubes, one dimensional nano wires etc and some

bio-material components to interact with biological

systems.

The top down approach

Top down

lithography

Electronic devices

Chip masks

Computer chips

NEMS

Cutting, etching, grinding

Precision engineered surfaces

High quality optical mirrors

The bottom up approach

Bottom up

Self assembly

Crystal films and tubes

Displays, programmable nano processors

Positional assembly

Experimental atomic or molecular devices

Schematic illustration of top down and bottom up approaches

Hardware components in a nanobot

Biosensor

Actuator

Power supply

Data transmission

Logic processor/ nano processor

Biosensor

A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector.

The sensitive element may be biological or bio mimetic component that interacts the analyteunder study.

The transducer or the detector element converts these signals into a form which can be easily processed and quantified by the logic unit.

Flexure-FET biosensor

actuator

Different kinds of actuators such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrostatic and electro thermal etc..

ATP, DNA and RNA can be used as a biological alternative for nanomotors.

Fullerence with CNT as conductive structures permits electrostatically driven motors providing the force necessary for micromanipulation

Power supply

Power source

Internal

Blood flow Body heatElectrolytic

fluids

External

Inductive coupling

Radio waves

Principle of inductive coupling

Data transmission

Acoustic, chemical, light and Radio frequency are possible choices

Chemical signal useful for short range communication

Acoustic signals are more suited for long range communication

Resolutions of 700nm can be achieved by using acoustic signalling

Transmission through RF @ 4.5 KHz frequency

Transmission through sonar:-20uW@8Hz for 3V supply

Logic processor/Nanoprocessor

First programmable logic processor manufactured my MITRE corpin association with Harvard university in 2011

‘Bottom up’ method of fabrication.

Multiple arithmetic and logical functions can be implemented on the “Tile”

Each ‘tile’ consist of precisely engineered and fabricated Si-Genanowires surrounded by insulating metal oxides

Operating speed achieved:-100 MHz, speeds achievable in future:-2THz

Transistor length:-20nm, 10nm for CNT

Nanowire nanocomputer and chip

Nanowirenanocomputer

by MITTRE

CNT transistor based processor by stanford(178

transistors)

Hardware architecture

Applications:-Treatment of Cancer

What is cancer? Why is it hard to cure via the

conventional approach?

How nanobots can help

ABF OR ARTIFICIAL BACTERIA FLAGELLA

Developed by university of Zurich, Switzerland

Total length is around 20 micrometers

Fabricated by vapor depositing ultra thin layers of gallium, indium, arsenic and chromium on substrate and are then patterned from it through lithography

This form super thin narrow ribbons that curl themselves into a spiral shape when detached from substrate

Thickness and composition of the deposited layer defines the size and shape of the spiral

Propulsion via magnetic field, applied to the Cr-Ni-Au ‘head’ of the robot.

FABRICATION STEPS AND STRUCTURE

ABF IN ACTION

GOOGLE NANOBOTS

Project officially launched in the year 2014

multiple sets of nanoparticles capable of identifying specific diseases and anomalies stored in a MEP. And delivered through IV.

These nanoparticles, once released into the blood, binds to the tumour

Can send real time report to the user, GUI in a wristband

Data transmitted to the physician wirelessly through RF.

GOOGLE NANOBOT CONCEPT

By using nanobots, we can pinpoint the location of the anomaly

Capillaries with a diameter of 20 micrometers are accessible

Hypoxia treated by introducing respirocytes.

Gene manipulation in germ cells and rectification of chromosomal disorders

Brain mapping and transhumanization.

Advantages of nanorobots

Disadvantage of nanorobots

Hardware and control techniques are still in its infancy and are not ready for commercial prime time applications

Technology can be reverse engineered by hostile organizations to the molecular level and wreck havok on the unsuspecting public.

Conclusion

Nanorobots are highly useful in the field of medicine

Advancements in STM, SEM help to build nano-scale designs

CNT based FET’s can pave way for a whole new levels of nanocomputing in the future and thus pave way for a Fully autonomous Nanobot

Life span extended, Diseases cured.

references

“Nano robots in bio medical applications” authored by Durairaj; shanker;j.sivasankar,ICASEM 2102,

Nagapatnam, Tamil nadu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanorobotics

http://www.msrl.ethz.ch/research/current-research/bio-inspired-helical-swimming-

microbots.html

http://rt.com/usa/200251-googlex-nanoparticle-pills-diagnose-diseases/

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