nanosytems for conservation of cultural...
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HORIZON 2020 EUROPEAN UNION FUNDING FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION
NANOSYTEMS FOR CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Piero Baglioni University of Florence and CSGI [email protected]
ITALIAN CENTER FOR COLLOID
AND NANOSCIENCE
CONSORZIO PER LO SVILUPPO DEI SISTEMI A GRANDE INTERFASE
PUBLIC INSTITUTION, EST. 1993
Nano Art
Modern conservation dates back to 1966 Florence and Venice floods. Since that tragic event, Conservation Science developed in two main streams: ü the analytical characterization of the materials constituting the
works of art
ü the search for new scientific methods and materials for the restoration/conservation of works of art to allow the transfer of our Cultural Heritage to future generations
Nano Art
Beside the cultural point of view ü The European cultural heritage is of exceptional economic
importance for the tourism industry, generating an estimated European annual revenue of €335 billion, and about 10 million jobs.
ü Tourism indirectly generates more than 10% of the European Union's GDP and provides about 12% of the labour force (EUbusiness 2013).
ü The market for conservation of this heritage is estimated at ca. €5 billion per year, and could increase by a significant factor in next years due to the wider use of nanomaterials.
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Beato Angelico wall paintings, Florence Templo Mayor (Mexico City)
WORKS OF ART DEGRADE
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Low compatibility materials alter the physico-chemical properties of artifacts The combined effect of acrylate, PVA-based coatings and salts on wall paintings …
Baglioni et al., Nanoscale, 2010, 2, 1723-1732
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NANORESTART, Florence, June 3-4, 2015
Plastic sculptures, rapid prototyping materials 3D printed sacrificial works of art by British artist T. Lomax
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How can we restore and transfer them to future generation? The old way : Trial and error practice Improvised restoration materials wine, vinegar, lemon juice, urine, bile fluids, blood or saliva … wax, animal glues, vegetal extracts … Low-compatibility or hazardous or toxic materials as ü pure organic solvents … ü synthetic polymers …
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To preserve cultural heritage we must use a scientific framework mainly based on nanosciences, and in particular on Colloids and
Soft Matter
compatible & durable
preservation
Functional materials
Soft condensed matter
Restoration techniques
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For classic art conservation we generated (in the past 25 years) new methodologies and materials that account for about 90% of all conservation procedures. The most recent breakthrough (within the EU project NANOFORART) was 18 new advanced products for the Conservation of wall paintings, canvas, paper, wood, easel paintings, watercolors, printed materials
Nano Art Which materials and methods we devised? Nanoparticles and hybrids of metals, hydroxydes, oxides, carbonates and sulphates for different applications, including conservation of art.
Examples are: ü Hydroxides, oxides, carbonates from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Zn, Si, Al, Ti ü Supraparamagnetic nanoparticles from Fe and Fe/Co ü Metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, hybrids with biologically relevant
molecules and inorganic mesophases)
ü Ibrid functionalized with silica, nanocellulose, polymers [PVA, P-HeMA]
ü Microemulsions and confined microemulsions
ü Chemical gels, responsive gels (magnetic field, pH, light)
Nano Art These new materials are: ü highly-compatible with the
artifacts and “green”
ü Common solvents for conservation Acetone, Xylene, White spirit, Ethyl acetate, DMSO Nitro diluent, …)
ü NOT TOXIC and, compared to ü traditional materials,
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ü AND SAFE for CONSERVATORS
products and methodologies are available through CSGI – www.csgi.unifi.it
Neat organic solvent Aqueous nanofluid (microemulsion)
More than 98% WATER
SAFETY is significantly INCREASED
Traditional systems Nano systems
Nanorestore® (distributed by CTS) Nanorestore Plus® Nanorestore Paper® Nanorestore Gel® Nanorestore Cleaning® 18 new PRODUCTS distributed by CSGI: www.csgi.unifi.it/products/products.html
Trademarks already registered by CSGI
http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/101376_en.html
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Nanoparticles to consolidate wall-paintings: available under the trade name NANORESTORE
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Wall paintings from the Annunciation Basilica in Nazareth (Israel)
Detached fresco from the S. Cristoforo church in Milan
Hydrogels are transparent or translucent and easy to manipulate. They have enough mechanical strength to be synthesized as film-shaped (ca. 1- 2 mm thick).
Semi-‐IPN p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels
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Piero Baglioni, Emiliano Carretti, David Chelazzi Nature Nanotechnology 10, 287-291 (2015)
Nano Art For classic art we have most of the materials and
methods we need. However we have NO tools for
MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY ART
What is the difference, from materials point of view, between classic and modern/contemporary art?
Classic art ( until 19th century) is meant to last and be transferred to future generations Modern/contemporary art is truly poly-materials and is meant mainly to disappear in short time
This generates the necessity of a different approach for the conservation of modern/contemporary art
NanoRestArt EU Project
NANORESTART, Florence, June 3-4, 2015
Street art by Banksy GRAFFITI. Removing acrylic on acrylic! An impossible job with conventional technologies.
NanoRestArt EU Project
NANORESTART, Florence, June 3-4, 2015
Street art
75% plasJc in museum collecJons needs cleaning
Nano Art Conclusions
Art is important also from a economic point of view For a chemist/physicist art can be seen as just materials Materials degrade so art degrade The knowledge of degradation, and the inversion of the degradation pathways are important not only for art conservation since the outcome is valuable to different important fields of human activity Playing with materials and nanoscience in the field of art conservation can improve the image and perception of Science and in particular of Chemistry and Material Sciences
[email protected] SAXS@Mapei, June 14th, 2013
Piero Baglioni, Emiliano Carretti, David Chelazzi Nature Nanotechnology 10, 287-291 (2015)
