nanotechnology and just-in-time education akhlesh lakhtakia department of engineering science and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Nanotechnology and
Just-in-Time Education
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics
Pennsylvania State University
IWC Forum
Iowa Wesleyan College
Mt. Pleasant, IA
April 2, 2009
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Nanotechnology and
Just-in-Time Education
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics
Pennsylvania State University
April 2, 2009
Iowa Wesleyan College
Mt. Pleasant, IA
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Nanotechnology for Researchers
George Smith (Oxford University):
Nano “comes from the verb which means
to seek research funding.”
Source: The Economist (Jan 1-5, 2005 issue)
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2005 Survey:
Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology
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2005 Survey:
Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology
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Nanotech Economy
Total worldwide R&D funding = $ 9.6B in 2005
Governments (2005): $4.6B
Established Corporations (2005): $4.5B
Venture Capitalists (2005): $0.5B
Source: Lux Research, The Nanotech Report, 4th Ed. (2006).
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Nanotech Economy: Scope
Source: Meridian Institute, Nanotechnology and the Poor: Opportunities and Risk (2005)
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Nanotech Economy: Available Products
Source: UNESCO, The Ethics and Politics of Nanotechnology (2006)
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Perceptions of Nanotechnology
Source: Munshi et al. (2007)
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Perceptions of Nanotechnology
Source: Munshi et al. (2007)
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Prime Directive for Managers ofNanotechnology
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Types of Risks
1. Employee Health
2. Operational Safety
3. Legislated Penalties
4. Customer Liabilities
5. Shareholder Dissatisfaction
6. Societal Disharmony
7. ……..
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Essential Risk-Management
Tool
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2005 Survey:
Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology
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Five Questions
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Q1: What is nanotechnology?
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Nanotechnology: The term
Norio Tanaguchi (1974):
‘Nano-technology’ mainly consists of the processing of separation,
consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.
N. Taniguchi, On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology', Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.
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Nanotechnology: The termUS Patents and Trademarks Office (2006):
“Nanotechnology is related to research and technology development at the atomic, molecular or
macromolecular levels, in the length of scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range in at least one
dimension; that provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale; and
to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of
their small and/or intermediate size.”
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Nanotechnology
promises to be
• pervasive
• ubiquitous
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Nanotechnology
promises to be
• pervasive
• ubiquitous
A broad and inclusive definition is needed.
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Q1: What is nanotechnology?
A1:
At least 1 dimension has a length-scale
between 1 to 100 nm.
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Q2: Why will nanotechnologybe pervasive and
ubiquitous?
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
1959 Feynman’s talk
“Plenty of room at the bottom”
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
1959 Feynman’s talk
“Plenty of room at the bottom”
1981 Binnig & Rohrer
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
1959 Feynman’s talk
“Plenty of room at the bottom”
1981 Binnig & Rohrer
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
1986 Drexler’s book
The Engines of Creation
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
1959 Feynman’s talk
“Plenty of room at the bottom”
1981 Binnig & Rohrer
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
1986 Drexler’s book
The Engines of Creation
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
1959 Feynman’s talk
“Plenty of room at the bottom”
1981 Binnig & Rohrer
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
1986 Drexler’s book
The Engines of Creation
1913/4 Wolfgang Ostwald’s 5 lectures
The World of Neglected Dimensions
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Nanoworld: Founding Myths
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Nanoworld: Other Initiators
1850s Colored glasses
(nanoparticles)
1880s Thin films
1960s Integrated circuits
1970s Supramolecular chemistry
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Nanotechnology: Classification
• Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films
• Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes
• Radical – molecular manufacturing
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Nanotechnology: Classification
• Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films
• Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes
• Radical – molecular manufacturing
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Nanotechnology: Classification
• Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films
• Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes
• Radical – molecular manufacturing, nanobots
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Nanotechnology: Classification
• Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films
• Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes
• Radical – molecular manufacturing, nanobots
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Q2: Why will nanotechnologybe pervasive and
ubiquitous?
A2:
Because of its gigantic scope.
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Q3: What is the common thread in all technoscientific
opportunities offered by nanotechnology?
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A3: Nanomaterials.
Q3: What is the common thread in all
technoscientific opportunities offered by
nanotechnology?
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Q4: What societal issues will emerge from the spread of
nanotechnology?
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• Known knowns• Known unknowns• Unknown unknowns
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• Known knowns• Known unknowns• Unknown unknowns
“Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always
interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns;
there are things we know we know. We also know there are
known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things
we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns — the ones
we don't know we don't know.” - Donald Rumsfeld (12 Feb 2002)
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Nanotechnology:Societal Issues
Source: Susanna Priest and Victoria Kramer, University of South Carolina (2007)
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Health Impacts
Nanoparticles may be more toxic than larger particles
• High surface area• Enhanced chemical reactivity• Easier penetration of cells
Manufactured amounts are small, but will increase over time.
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Human Health Impacts
Risk to workers and consumers
• Inhalation (Workers and consumers)
• Penetration of skin (Workers and consumers)
• Combustible nanoparticles may cause explosions (Workers)
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Human Health Impacts
Life-cycle auditing of nanomaterials is essential.
US Federal funding of Environment Health & Safety Research on Nanomaterials is growing.
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Nanodivides• Who controls the uses of
nanotechnologies?
• Who benefits from the uses of nanotechnologies?
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Nanodivides• Who controls the uses of
nanotechnologies?
• Who benefits from the uses of nanotechnologies?
•Nanodivides
- Rich and poor in the same country
- Rich and poor countries
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Convergence of Nano, Bio, and Information Technologies& Cognition Science
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Convergence of Nano, Bio, and Information Technologies& Cognition Science
• New forms of surveillance and sensing
- Invasion of privacy
- Regulation of governmental and private data-collection
agencies
• Radical human enhancement
Privacy Issues
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A4: Many, some foreseen but others
unforeseen.
Q4: What societal issues will emerge from the
spread of nanotechnology?
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A4: Many, some foreseen but others
unforeseen.
Q4: What societal issues will emerge from the
spread of nanotechnology?
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Q5: What must the public do to cope with and celebrate
nanotechnology?
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A5: Educate children appropriately.
Q5: What must the public do to cope with and
celebrate nanotechnology?
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Essential Curricular Features
• Integration across technology and sciences
• Integration with humanities
-------------------------------------------------------• Flexibility to adapt to changing needs
• Modularity to mimic real-life situations
• Incorporation of diversity of skills and interests
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Essential Curricular Features
• Integration across technology and sciences
• Integration with humanities
-------------------------------------------------------• Flexibility to adapt to changing needs
• Modularity to mimic real-life situations
• Incorporation of diversity of skills and interests
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Current Educational Practices
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Supplementary Approach
Current Educational Practices
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• to identify intersecting disciplines
• to acquire necessary knowledge base
• to synthesize an acceptable accomplishment
• to assess needs for further progress
• to contextualize the accomplishment
Students must learn
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• to identify intersecting disciplines
• to acquire necessary knowledge base
• to synthesize an acceptable accomplishment
• to assess needs for further progress
• to contextualize the accomplishment
Students must learn
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End-of-semester
End-of-year
End-of-school EXPERIENCES
(JITE)
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JITE Experience• Spans > 1 science/math disciplines• Single-member• Team-based• Apportionment of tasks• Deadlines• Oral/written reports
• 4 Crucial elements
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JITE Experience• Spans > 1 science/math disciplines• Single-member• Team-based• Apportionment of tasks• Deadlines• Oral/written reports
• 4 Crucial elements
![Page 73: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
JITE Experience• Spans > 1 science/math disciplines• Single-member• Team-based• Apportionment of tasks• Deadlines• Oral/written reports
• 4 Crucial elements
![Page 74: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
• Crucial Element No. 1Not all information be supplied to
students
Students will• search school books• search extracurricular books• search the web• interview practitioners• undertake site visits
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• Crucial Element No. 2Introspection and reflection by students
Students will• keep a journal of activities and ideas• prepare a statement of personal
growth
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• Crucial Element No. 3Socioethical contextualization
Students will reflect on relevance of projects to• their political unit and culture• the world• ecology, sustainability & diversity
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• Crucial Element No. 4
Dispersal of acquired knowledge
Students will
• create project websites
• write for newspapers and magazines
• participate in local, provincial and national conferences
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Teaching staffs’ responsibilities:1. Form interdisciplinary teams to guide
JITE experiences2. Mathematics and sciences staffs must
learn about humanities and social sciences
3. Humanities & social sciences staffs must learn about mathematics and sciences4. Become lifelong learners
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Teaching staffs’ responsibilities:1. Form interdisciplinary teams to guide
JITE experiences2. Mathematics and sciences staffs must
learn about humanities and social sciences
3. Humanities & social sciences staffs must learn about mathematics and sciences4. Become lifelong learners
![Page 80: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Teaching staffs’ responsibilities:1. Form interdisciplinary teams to guide
JITE experiences2. Mathematics and sciences staffs must
learn about humanities and social sciences
3. Humanities & social sciences staffs must learn about mathematics and sciences4. Become lifelong learners
![Page 81: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Teaching staffs’ responsibilities:1. Form interdisciplinary teams to guide
JITE experiences2. Mathematics and sciences staffs must
learn about humanities and social sciences
3. Humanities & social sciences staffs must learn about mathematics and sciences4. Become lifelong learners
![Page 82: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ec45503460f94bce4ad/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
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