Nanotechnology and The Nanotechnology and The Virus WorldVirus World

Definition of nanotech: The science and technology Definition of nanotech: The science and technology of building electronic circuits from single atoms and of building electronic circuits from single atoms and

molecules molecules

“This year is to be expected to be the first in which the money put into nanotechnology research and development globally by industry will exceed the money coming from the government.”

- Chemical and Engineering News May 05

*Billions of dollars are being moved around

Current Molecular Motor Current Molecular Motor Innovations and Research Innovations and Research

ATPase : Powerhouse producing a major quantity of ATPase : Powerhouse producing a major quantity of ATP from ADP but can also function backwards using ATP from ADP but can also function backwards using ATP for energy as well. ATP for energy as well.

Work of Dr. Belcher: Currently looking towards complex Work of Dr. Belcher: Currently looking towards complex formations in nature on nanoscale. (How is an Abalone formations in nature on nanoscale. (How is an Abalone shell made?) Also, she researches applying these shell made?) Also, she researches applying these natural process to second generation electronical and natural process to second generation electronical and magnetic nanodevices.magnetic nanodevices.

Universal pronciples of motors. (Man made and natural)Universal pronciples of motors. (Man made and natural)

Brief:

ATPaseATPase Complex of nine different types Complex of nine different types

of proteins.of proteins.(12nm x12nm)(12nm x12nm)

A shaft composed of six A shaft composed of six proteins that rotate on an axis. proteins that rotate on an axis. Hiroyuki Noji and colleges Hiroyuki Noji and colleges proved this in Japan with proved this in Japan with fluorescent marking, and fluorescent marking, and based on ATP concentration based on ATP concentration and availability compared to and availability compared to rotations per minute found a rotations per minute found a close to 100% operating close to 100% operating efficiency. efficiency.

““If the motor was as big as a If the motor was as big as a person it would be able to spin person it would be able to spin a telephone pole 2 Km long a telephone pole 2 Km long (1rev/sec).(1rev/sec).

Cornell sparked to harness this Cornell sparked to harness this tremendous power. 2 changestremendous power. 2 changes

Dr. Angela BelcherDr. Angela Belcher Looks for patterns in Looks for patterns in

Nature, applies these Nature, applies these patterns to nano-patterns to nano-biocomposites for second biocomposites for second generation materials, i.e. generation materials, i.e. Abalone shell has Abalone shell has evolved over long time to evolved over long time to form and control crystal form and control crystal structures of structures of CaCOCaCO33,using protein ,using protein regulation (3000x regulation (3000x stronger than solid stronger than solid CaCOCaCO33).).

Evolve organisms, with Evolve organisms, with green chemistry.green chemistry.

Goals: To find and create biological molecules that will “grow and assemble electronic materials” in a lab setting on nanoscale. These molecules will hopefully also serve as self-corrective enzymes.

Examples: Diatoms

Algea (Coccolithophora)

Bacteriophage (pIII minor protien manipulation)

Nanotechnology Nanotechnology

What is it and were is it goingWhat is it and were is it goingDefinition: 1) Definition: 1) NanotechnologyNanotechnology comprises any technological comprises any technological

developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. (One developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. (One nanometer equals one thousandth of a micrometer or one millionth of a nanometer equals one thousandth of a micrometer or one millionth of a millimeter .) The term has sometimes been applied to any microscopic millimeter .) The term has sometimes been applied to any microscopic

technology.technology.

2) The royal academy of engineering came up with a more modem 2) The royal academy of engineering came up with a more modem version in it report nanoscience and nanotechnologies. As the study of version in it report nanoscience and nanotechnologies. As the study of

phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale; and nanotechnologies as the design, characterization, at a larger scale; and nanotechnologies as the design, characterization,

production and application of structures, devices and systems by production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.

History History From genetic From genetic engineering to engineering to modern daymodern day

In 1959 Richard Feynman gave a talk entitled There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom. In 1959 Richard Feynman gave a talk entitled There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.

In 1974 Norio TaniguchiIn 1974 Norio Taniguchi describe the precision manufacture of materials with nanometer describe the precision manufacture of materials with nanometer tolerances tolerances

In 1986In 1986 K Eric Drexler, particularly in his book EK Eric Drexler, particularly in his book Engines of Creation: the Coming Era ngines of Creation: the Coming Era

of Nanotechnologyof Nanotechnology. .

GENETIC ENGINEERING GENETIC ENGINEERING

In the 1950s In the 1950s show that if you grew a particular show that if you grew a particular bacteriophage on stain A then not all of them died bacteriophage on stain A then not all of them died and then if you grew that mutant survivor of stain A and then grew the phage on the mutants and then if you grew that mutant survivor of stain A and then grew the phage on the mutants there was a high survival rate.there was a high survival rate.

1960 show that the mutant bacteria was incorporating the phage DNA into it’s own DNA. 1960 show that the mutant bacteria was incorporating the phage DNA into it’s own DNA.

This discovery led to a great leap in understanding of geneticsThis discovery led to a great leap in understanding of genetics

Nanoscience meets Genetics Nanoscience meets Genetics

Using virus to carry medicine into host cells.Using virus to carry medicine into host cells. Using RNA and DNA as a building blocks for the Using RNA and DNA as a building blocks for the

futurefuture Self replicating Nanobots. Self replicating Nanobots. Molecule Motors Molecule Motors Cures Cancer and Genetic disordersCures Cancer and Genetic disorders

Potential risks Potential risks

Grey Goo Grey Goo Water soluble fullerene molecules cause Water soluble fullerene molecules cause

brain damagebrain damageMany Nanoparticles are made for heavy Many Nanoparticles are made for heavy

metals i.e. lead, gold and silver metals i.e. lead, gold and silver Nano dust Nano dust Use of surface coating to prevent Use of surface coating to prevent

breakdown.breakdown.

What do I think the future will bringWhat do I think the future will bring

Intercellular self replicating nanobots Intercellular self replicating nanobots New drug delivery systemsNew drug delivery systemsUse of nano tech it all aspects of are lifesUse of nano tech it all aspects of are lifesNanotechnology will take of by leaps and Nanotechnology will take of by leaps and

bounds in the next 10 yearsbounds in the next 10 years

Universal Motor PrinciplesUniversal Motor Principles Motors using force Motors using force

production and translational production and translational motion of load (i.e. myosin, motion of load (i.e. myosin, kinesin, dynein, RNA kinesin, dynein, RNA polymerase, winches, and polymerase, winches, and rockets???!?!?) show linear rockets???!?!?) show linear relationships on a Motor relationships on a Motor mass v Maximum force mass v Maximum force output graphoutput graph

F = 887 (massF = 887 (mass0.6670.667))* * Remember this Remember this

covers 27 orders of covers 27 orders of magnitude of motor magnitude of motor mass, mass, and units are and units are N/kg. rN/kg. r22 = .994= .994

Motors using cyclical Motors using cyclical motion have more motion have more multi-axial stress (flying multi-axial stress (flying birds, bats and insects, birds, bats and insects, turbofans, turbines, turbofans, turbines, electric rotary motors, electric rotary motors, and piston engines) and and piston engines) and also show linear also show linear relationship.relationship.

F = 55 (massF = 55 (mass0.9990.999))** Mass-specific net Mass-specific net

force output averaged force output averaged 57 N/kg. r57 N/kg. r22 = .999 = .999

ConclusionConclusion Based on the research and current paradigm shift I ill give Based on the research and current paradigm shift I ill give

three prediction for advancements in three prediction for advancements in Nanotechnology and Nanotechnology and The Virus World. The Virus World.

Machines that will live in your blood stream and regulate Machines that will live in your blood stream and regulate cancer cell lines and destroy unwanted mutations before cancer cell lines and destroy unwanted mutations before becoming fatal. becoming fatal.

Viruses that are used as vectors for nanowires and Viruses that are used as vectors for nanowires and computer engineering of a different kind, using computer engineering of a different kind, using biodegradable nontoxic means of nano-machinery biodegradable nontoxic means of nano-machinery engineering.engineering.

Virus capsids will be used as models to the next generation Virus capsids will be used as models to the next generation nanomachinery warehouse and delivery system. nanomachinery warehouse and delivery system.