nanotechnology in-aerospace_applications
TRANSCRIPT
Nanotechnology In Aerospace Applications
In the memory of a great Indian Scientist and the Missile Man of India Late. Dr.A.P.J ABDUL KALAM
RAJESH SATPATE Roll.No:15031D6608 Nano-technology
M.Tech I- sem
By
The Focus
• NASA• Commercial• Military
http://corvusart.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/fishbowl2.jpg
What Does The Industry Want?• Materials that are:
– Lighter– Stronger– More Durable– Resistant to
Extreme Conditions• Also interested in
materials that have unique properties http://www.washingtonstatewire.com/admin/contentmanager/photos/
1914090722%20Boeing%20787.jpg
The Technologies
• Improved Electronics
• Advanced Composites
• Improved Paints and Sealants
• Carbon Nanotubes
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Our Role
• Advanced material research
• Electronics• Production
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Aerospace Nanotechnology: NASA
• High level of funding
• Four Areas of Focus– Materials– Electronics and
Data Processing– Sensors and
Components– Basic Research
http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1174
NASA: Computer TechnologyCarbon Nanotube SPM Tips
• Moore’s Law• Manipulate molecules
with sub-angstrom accuracy
• Engrave patterns on silicon surface
• Application to electronics
http://nanotechnologytoday.blogspot.com/
2007_09_01_archive.html
NASA: Aerospace Transportation
Launch Vehicles• Diamondoid
material• Price of
diamondoid vehicles compared to that of titanium vehicles
• Carbon nanotubes have a Young’s modulus comparable to diamond
http://pix.motivatedphotos.com/2009/5/15/633780049382659605-USSenterprise.jpg
NASA: Aerospace Transportation
Space Elevator• Cable from Earth to
space• Strength of cable
must be tapered• Taper factor of steel
and diamond• Material must be
stronger than current technology provides
• Safety is still an issue
http://www.cmp.caltech.edu/refael/league/Space_elevator2.jpg
NASA: Active Materials
• The smallest feature size in production systems: 250 nm
• Nanotubes are smaller• Human tissue as an
active material
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Industrial/Commercial applications
• Advanced Composites Materials
• Aerospace Paint• Deicing Materials
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Advanced Composites Materials
http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materials/public/composites/Composites_rotor.gif
Schematic section of a helicopter rotor blade Composites materials are combinations of two or more organic or inorganic components
Consist of high strength nano fibers embedded in a matrix
Materials are:o Matrix material: material that
holds everything together.e g . epoxy, bismaleimide, or polyimide.
o Fibers: serve as a reinforcement, embedded in the matrix.
e g. glass fiber, boron fiber, carbon fiber
Advanced Composites Materials
• Nano Fibers are laid out in tape or fabric form
• put in a mold under heat and pressure.
• The resin matrix flows over nano fibers
• Heat is remover and it solidifies.
• It can be formed into various shapes. In some cases,
• the fibers are wound tightly to increase strength.
http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/~yusufm/research/composite.jpg
Advanced Composites Materials• Traditionally used: Aluminum
metal• Aluminum made planes
heavier, consume more fuel• Fiberglass was first used in
the Boeing 707 passenger jet in the 1950s, only 2% of the structure.
• Now , about one-third of the structure of the commercial planes uses composites
• Composites are stronger• Composites makes aircrafts
lighter :~ 20% lighter• Fuel efficient
http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/Concept2Reality/graphics/fig060.jpg
Aerospace Paint and Sealant• Sealants to seal the structures like
fuel tanks, aerodynamic sealing, and windshield installation
• Based on nanotechnology– e. g. PRC® and Pro-Seal™
• PPG Aerospace chromate-free de-paint/repaint process includes a epoxy primer
• Based on nanotechnology – Environment friendly– Better adhesion– Corrosion resistant– e. g. DeSoto® Aerospace Coatings
http://www.aerospace-technology.com/contractors/paints/ppg-aerospace/ppg-aerospace3.html
deicing
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8504734.stm
http://www.nano.org.uk/news/370/
•When a plane is in the air, icing can occur•plane’s performance suffers and disasters can occur. •Currently used techniques:
• use bleed air: heating the surface with engine bleed air
• mechanical boot: breaking the bond between surface and ice
• Issues: • Too complex, • too heavy • draws too much power to be
effective
deicing• Solution by scientists at Battelle, U. K. : deicing fluid
– is based on nano technology– weighs 1/100th of current ice protection systems– uses simple painting methods – can be applied to a variety of curved surfaces without needing
a custom heater pad design.• How?
– sprayed on planes prior to flight. – carbon nanotube coating is applied to surfaces then energize
that coating using the plane’s on-board electrical system. – causes the nanotube coating to heat up, thus preventing ice
from forming.
Military Applications
• Satellites weighing 15 tons or more derive 1/3 of their weight from copper harnesses
• Boeing 747 uses up to 135 of copper wire that can weight more than 4000 pounds
• Copper wires also oxidize and corrode, are susceptible to vibration fatigue, and create premature electronics failures due to overheating conditions.
• Will replace copper wiring on aerospace systems with carbon nanotube sheets
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%3D200%26w%3D200%26imageid%3DCS8516813&size=20&dhm=fdfe56f1&hl=en
Military Applications• Conductive coating to
be used on jet fighter canopies - clear bubbles that cover planes' cockpits - for the US air force
• Coating will improve electromagnetic shielding and electrostatic discharge to prevent electronic disruption
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/F-16_June_2008.jpg/800px-F-16_June_2008.jpg
REFERENCES
http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1174#_The_Main_Nanotechnology_Sectors%20tha
http://alglobus.net/NASAwork/papers/nano1997/applications/