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Nanotechnology: Overview and A li tiApplications
Joydeep DuttaCenter of Excellence in Nanotechnology
School of Engineering & TechnologyAsian Institute of Technology
P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120THAILAND
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th1
THAILAND
Nanotechnology Evolution!
N t h l iNanotechnology is coming of age but still is
“b b t h l ”http://www.nano.ait.ac.th3
a “baby technology”
Discovery 1940’s…….Applications 1990’s
Microelectronics today
Discovery 1940 s…….Applications 1990 s
A Pentium® chip with 3.3 million transistors.Such microprocessors are at the heart
The world’s first transistor, developed in Bell Labs in 1947.
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Such microprocessors are at the heart of today’s personal computers.
e abs 9It was a point-contact device roughly one centimeter across.
Research 1990’s…….Applications 2020?Nanotech today & tomorrow
Research 1990 s…….Applications 2020?
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Microelectronics Future
Beyond 2008, thereare major challenges
Need for Need for DISRUPTIVE DISRUPTIVE Technology!Technology!
are major challenges in gate technology, memories, and metrolog Technology!Technology!metrology.
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Future MicrocomputersProducts
Si, SiGeGaAs
Future Microcomputers
Applied tech. SiC?
Tech. Dev.
Spintronics
Organics
Applied res. Diamond!Quantum
Computing
p
Nanotubes
1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Basic res.
Molecular
Ti ( ) k
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Time (years) to market
Clusters and surface atoms
Size (nm) 1 2 3 4 5
Atoms on surface: 45 %92%
10000
100000
ms 100
120
%)
100
1000
l no.
of a
tom
40
60
80
ace
atom
s (%
1
10
0 10 20 30
Tota
0
20
40
0 5 10 15 20 25
Surf
a
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0 10 20 30Cluster size (nm)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Size of cluster (nm)
Electronic structure
Calculated & experimental optical band gap energies for various silicon crystallites and wires
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Furukawa E, Miyasato T. Phys Rev B 1988;38:5726; Delure C, Lannoo M, Allan G, Martin E. Thin Solid Films 1995;255:27.
J. Dutta, W. Bacsa and Ch. Hollenstein, J. Applied Physics 77 (1995) 3729.
Quantum confinement leads to…….
ZnS nanoparticles scattering light
S. M. Scholz, R. Vacassy, J. Dutta, H. Hofmann and M. Akinc, Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998) 7860.
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th10Films of ZnS:Mn2+under UV exposure
Biological labelling: fluorescent Q- dots
•Highly fluorescent stable ZnS nanoparticles obtained in aqueous dispersions.
•The particle surfaces are tailored to enable pcovalent bonding to biopolymers such as proteins, petides or oligonucleides.
Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels
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P. Alivisatos, University of California, Berkeley
R. Vacassy, S. M. Scholz, , J. Dutta, C. J. G. Plummer, R. Houriet and H. Hofmann; Journal of American Ceramic Society 81 (1998) 2699.
QD labeled EUB338 probe
Mixed microorganisms, QD-EUB probe
Paracoccus denitrifans QD EUB
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Paracoccus denitrifans, QD-EUB probe
Self-organisation by undirected assembly
supported by SIDA, Sweden Au Nanoparticles for Forensic ScienceAu Nanoparticles for Forensic Science
Highlighting Fingerprints
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th13
Metal Ion Sensor
cobalt ionsHeavy Ion Sensor
Chitosan capped gold
cobalt ions
Chitosan capped gold colloids showed a
plasmon peak absorption at 522 nmabsorption at 522 nm.
0 m M3 m M10 m M
di i ( ff )
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
.)
Sodium ions (No effect)
Copper ions
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A
Wavelength (nm)
A. Sugunan et al. (2005), Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 6, 335–340
The result of combination staining
GNPs and Gram stainGNPs and Gram stain
E.coli, 1h, CC-GNPs +GS E.coli, 24hrs, CC-GNPs +GSE.Coli with Gram stain
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E.coli, 1h, MSG-GNPs + GS E.coli, 24hrs, MSG-GNPs + GS
Visible Light Photocatalysis
2ZnO:Mn2+
ZnOZnO:Mn2+ ZnO
Photoreduction carried out withb b
Photoreduction of MB withsunlight (visible + UV) using
Control (only MB)
500 W bulb (no UV) usingZnO:Mn2+ and ZnO
sunlight (visible + UV), using ZnO:Mn2+ and ZnO nanoparticles.
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Ruh Ullah et. al. Manuscripts in submission (2007)
Diagnostics and Drug Delivery
Inorganic - inorganic core shell Inorganic - organic core shell Organic - organic core shell
Liposome Nanoemulsion
o ga c o ga c co e s e o ga c o ga c co e s e O ga c o ga c co e s e
Lipid nanoparticle
Q t ti l M ti ti l D i ti lQuantum particle Magnetic particle Drug carrier particleFluorescent Drug carrier particle
PS-g-PAA micelles stained with Pb(A )3Pb(Ac)3
G. Carrot, J. C. Valmalette, C. J. G. Plummer, S. M. Scholz, J. Dutta, H. Hofmann and H. Hilborn; Colloid
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DNA linked Au particles, C.A. Mirkin
f ;and Polymer Science 276 (1998) 853-859
Medical applications
Diagnosticsg
Separationp
k h
Image Guidance
C.A. Mirkin, Inorg.Chem. 2000, 39, 2258-2272
Drug Delivery Cancer Cosmetics
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and Gene Therapy
“Today’s science fiction is oftenToday s science fiction is often tomorrow’s science fact.”
-Stephen Hawking
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Nanotechnology in Consumer Products
Nanotechnology is gradually finding its place in many consumer products by improving their performances. This is achieved by a change in the physical propertieswhen feature sizes are shrunk to below 100nm.
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th20
Nanotechnology in medical & Health productsNanotechnology in medical & Health products
Home Pregnancy Test
Uses gold nanoparticles (less than 50 nanometers in diameter)
If HcG detected nanoparticles reflectred, otherwise blue
N M kNano Mask
• Utilize nanoparticle enhanced filters• Blocks potentially harmful airborne
contaminants• Attacks contaminants in both inhaled
and exhaled air
f
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th21
www.emergencyfiltration.com
www.csmonitor.com
Nanosilver Wound Dressings
Nanotechnology in medical products
• Patented Nanocrystalline Technology
• Silver Nanoparticles
• Powerful antimicrobial barrier protection• Powerful antimicrobial barrier protection
Joint and Muscle Pain Cream
• Nanotechnology to deliver active ingredients through skin
• 90 nanometer liposomes to soothe aching muscles.
Liposomes are small, spherical vesicles which consist of hi hili li id l i
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amphiphilic lipids, enclosing an aqueous core.www.flexpower.com
N t h l i d t lNanotechnology in dental care
Dental Adhesives
• Silica Nanofiller Technology
• Stronger bond to tooth enamel
Cavity Preventing Toothpaste
•Fluoride compounds turn into 10nm calciumfluoride particles in the mouth
T th b th it ti fl id•Teeth absorves the cavity-preventing fluoride
f b
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th23
www.forbes.com
N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty Care
Face Creams
L’Oreal Paris uses a patented 200nm technology
• vitamin A inside a polymer capsule• outer shell dissolves under the skin.
Zelens incorporates nanoscale Fullerene C-60
• Remarkable antioxidant properties
www.loreal.comwww forbes com
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th24
www.forbes.com
N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty CareSunscreen Lotion
• photostable UV absorber
• ultra-fine titanium dioxide / zinc oxide
• particles smaller than wavelength of light
Hair colour defenderHair colour defender
• prevents sunlight from attacking hair colour
• guards against colour-fading UVA/UVB rays
• antioxidant properties
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th25
www.beautydeals.net
N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty Care
Moist Soft Cloth Mask
• Uses Bamboo-Carbon Nanoparticles
• Absorbs far infra-red radiations
• Antibacterial, Antifungal and Deodorant
Hair ShampooHair Shampoo
• Uses Nanotechnology to penetrate hair shaft
• Target areas where hair repair is neededg p
www.greenyarnstore.com
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g ywww.beautydeals.net
N t h l i S tNanotechnology in Sports
Tennis Balls
• Inner core coated with nanocomposite coating
• Inhibits permeation of air from inside
• Retains shape• Retains shape
Baseball Sluggers
• Uses carbon nanotubes• Faster response • Stronger than normal carbon fiber ones
www.forbes.comwww wilson com
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www.wilson.com
N t h l i S tNanotechnology in Sports
Golf Stick and ballUses fullerenesUses fullerenes
Compared to conventional titanium
• more resistant to bendingmore resistant to bending • better hardness• more resilient head• increased flight distance
Racing Bicycles• Frame made using Carbon Nanotube
• Frame weighs only 1 Kilogram• Frame weighs only 1 Kilogram
• 20 times stronger than steel frames
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th28
www.grandprix.com
Safer Tires Using NanotechnologyNanoProducts has successfully used itsnanoscale materials to produce tires withimproved skid resistance and reducedabrasion NanoProducts’ specialty materialsabrasion. NanoProducts specialty materialsused in such prototype tires are commerciallyavailable.
Nanotechnology creates safer tires andlonger lasting consumer products Thelonger lasting consumer products. Thebreakthrough can be applied to otherelastomers.
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th29www.nanoproducts.com
Front Fender (Bumper)
Nanotechnology in Automobile Industry
The X-TRAIL comes equippedThe X TRAIL comes equippedwith a front fender made of aspecial plastic that when bent willautomatically return to its originalh
Nissan X-TRAIL SUV
shape.
The plastic contains a small percentage of carbonnanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are as hard asdiamonds and their tensile strength is 25 times thatof most metal alloys. Adding around 3–5 percentcarbon nanotubes by volume to plastic radicallyincreases the strength of the plastic Carbon Nanotubes
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increases the strength of the plastic.
http://lookjapan.com/LBst/02NovST.htmhttp://www.nissan.com.tw/x-trail/index.htm
Carbon Nanotubes
N t h l i A t bil I d tNanotechnology in Automobile Industry
Antireflection coating, catalytic converter, sun protecting glaze, thermo-plastic nanocomposites.p p
Automobile paints use nano particles so that dust cannot sit on the surface
Water-repellant nano-barrier on windscreens
increase visibility by 34% on a rainy night
Lotus Effect
f
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www.nanofimtechnology.comwww.daimlerchrysler.com
N t h l i Gl T t tNanotechnology in Glass Treatment
Coated with a few dozen nanometers of a photoactive film,
Natural radiation from sunlight chemically reacts with organic dirt deposits on the surface. p
Hydrophilic film causes water droplets and dirt to spread evenly over the surfaceevenly over the surface
ww pilkington com
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ww.pilkington.com
N t h l i th h h ldNanotechnology in the householdRefrigerators, Washing Machines, Airconditioners & Microwave Ovens
i t t d ith il ti l• integrated with silver nanoparticles• nano-appliances reportedly eliminate 99.9%
of two very harmful micro-organisms: staphand E. coliand E. coli
Nano silver in filters
• remove bacteria from air• prevent fungi from breeding on the filter • purifies the air, reduces dust, eliminates
odours
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Nanotechnology in the householdNanotechnology in the household
U i i fib th t tt h t th
Stain free Mattress
• Uses microscopic fibers that attach to thenatural fiber of the cover
• Increase water and oil repellency and staini tresistance
Self Cleaning Toilet
• Inner bowl coated with a non-porous super smooth surface with a roughness lessthan 30nm
S bb ll 1 i• Stubborn wastes are as small as 1 micron
• Dirt, mold or bacteria unable to get a foothold
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Nanotechnology in the householdNanotechnology in the household
Food Storage
• Infused with antibacterial silver
nanoparticles
• Keeps food fresh for longer periodsKeeps food fresh for longer periods
No Mist Spray for Bathrooms
Ionized nano-silver particle attached to the surface of alumina-silica just 15 nanometers in diameter
Effective in controlling bacterial infestation that leads to gunk and odors in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
www lion co jp
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www.lion.co.jpwww.sharperimage.com
N t h l i I ti P d tNanotechnology in Innovative Products
Cultured Diamonds
• Grown using Chemical vapor Deposition
• No extra stress on the environment
Nano & UV Artificial Tooth Cleaner
• Nano – silver Technology removes debris on dentures
• Spotless effect using UV light sterilization and nano-
silver bacteriostasis
www.apollodiamond.com
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www.fuzing.com
N t h l i Cl thiNanotechnology in Clothing
Nanowhisker used is only ten nanometers long,
Stain free Clothing
made of a few atoms of carbon
• Resist spills• Repels & releases stains p• Resists static• Coolest comforts• Wrinkle free
Winter Wear
Nanotechnology
Stink-proof socks
19 nm nanoparticlesNanotechnology makes the two layerlaminate windproof, waterproof and dirt resistant
19 nm nanoparticles within fibers provides protection against odor & fungus
http://www.nano.ait.ac.th37
www.nanotex.com
N t h l i F d I d tNanotechnology in Food Industry
Cooking Oil
• Uses 30 nanometer capsules.
• Seep through tissues
• Better biodelivery of nutrients.
Chocolate Chewing Gum
Fats found in chocolate will cause chewing gum to fall apart.
Nanoscale crystals modify surface morphology and give gum a creamier texture and chocolate flavor.
www forbes com
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www.forbes.com
Nano Nano DDetergentetergent The Nano Detergent is adopting micro emulsionThe Nano Detergent is adopting micro emulsion nano technology and unique prescription.
Its decontamination mechanism is difference with other detergents at all
:: www acencorp com ::
with other detergents at all.
The common detergent is only to remove or erase the oil.
::. www.acencorp.com .::
The exact application of our detergent is for dissolving oil, greasy, lubricants and other similar dirt on the surface of various implements ,such as metal ,plastic, aluminium, glass, stone, wood, ect.
At the same time the peculiar and abnormal smell will be splited out thoroughly, and not neccessory to wash with water except
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those vessel use for eat and drink such as pot, bowl, cup, inside of the icebox and the microwave ect..
Th i k t li it t th b ttThere is no sky to limit us at the bottom
Thank You
www.nano.ait.ac.th
Students & Researchers involved:Mr. H. Warad, Mr. A. Sugunan, Ms. Sujira Promnimit, Mr. Siddhartha Jain, Mr. Ruh Ullah, Mr. Arif Hasan, Mr. Syed Hasan Mujtaba Jafri,
Mr Anders Hansson Mr Bunyarit Hemtanon Mr Patrick Juilland Mr S C Ghosh Mr M K Hossain Ms O Pummakarnchana Kazi
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Mr. Anders Hansson, Mr. Bunyarit Hemtanon, Mr. Patrick Juilland, Mr. S. C. Ghosh, Mr. M. K. Hossain, Ms. O. Pummakarnchana, Kazi
Kased L. Ahmed, Ms. Swetha Rank, Mr. Randall Carl Dunkin, Mr. Rantej Bali, Ms. D. Arvind Salvi, Dr. C. Thanachayanont, Dr. Chollada
Warmsingh, Dr. Gamolwan Tumcharern