nanotechnology ppt

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AUTHORS :

PAPER PRESENTATION

P. SHRAVAN KUMAR

MD. SHAHNAWAZ PARVEZ AHMED



CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ?

4. HISTROY

5. EXISTENCE IN REAL WORLD

6. INDIAN SCENARIO

7. NANO DEVICES

8. APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

9. CONCLUSION



What NEXT….

Nevertheless to say we are very well into the Nanotech age,where materials are just getting smarter day by day .Each element would be smart enough to repair & replicate itself as and when required.All this would be possible by manipulating matter at the nanometer scale.

Stone Age ,Bronze Age,Iron Age ,silicon Age…...



For most of the 20th century, scientists have practiced what can be called “top-down science ”.The goal has been to simplify our understanding of matter by breaking it into its basic building blocks ranging from atoms,nuclei,nucleons and beyond. starting form the understanding of the basic interactions & elementary particles attempt is made to explain structure & properties of materials & all possible phenomena. Now we should understand how simple atoms & molecules come together and arrange themselves to form complex systems,such as living cells that make life possible on earth. This “bottom-up” approach deals with how complex systems are built from simple atomic-level constituents which has opened up new horizons of research in the era of Nanotechnology .

Introduction



Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing one

atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. It is a very vast field and is the merger of all known technologies that we have today.

Nanotechnology utilizes well-understood chemical properties of atoms & molecules to construct devices that posses extraordinary properties . Nanotechnology is an essential technology for designing, fabricating and applying Nanometer-scale systems.

WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?



Nanotechnology was conceived in 1959,when Nobel Laureate physicist Richard P. Feynman gave a lecture titled

“There‘s plenty of Room at the bottom”

and it outlined the theoretical concept of manipulating atoms to build molecules. Dr Feynman explained that the principles of physics don’t deny the possibility of manipulating things atom by atom . Dr Feynman is therefore credited with being the first person to advance the possibility of molecular assembly.



► In 1986, a technologist named J.ERIC DREXLER published “ENGINES OF CREATION” which proposed the building of molecular machines ,atom by atom ,through the use of ‘assemblers’.

► The assembler he proposed was a molecular robotic arm, which is yet to be invented. such an assembler, as of now, is the missing link between the material sciences of today and the futuristic nanomachines.

► In 1987, Dr. DONALD CRAM was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry for molecular assembly techniques in ‘Host Guest chemistry’, a key breakthrough in understanding the properties and assembly of individualmolecules.



An Israel company, has developed a pill-size video camera that can travel through the digestive track and transmit pictures along the way providing a less invasive technique to examine the small intestine. This video camera uses a miniature CMOS video imaging chip and white LED as a light source. IBM scientists have developed a vast assembly of transistors using materials only a few molecules wide, taking a major step toward much thinner and powerful computers.

EXISTENCE OF NANO IN REAL - WORLD



Sandwiching several non-magnetic layers less than a nanometer thick between magnetic layers has resulted in sensors for disk drives that boast of many times the sensitivity of traditional devices facilitating more bits to be packed onto the surface of each disk. Bell labs, USA has designed a transistor with an active switching layer that is one molecule thick. In this transistor, a single molecule acts as the switch.



The scope of Nanotechnology is quite evident as our country has another incubator in the form of IndiaNano. IndiaNano is an initiative supported by the US and INDIAN research organizations, investment firms and corporations aimed at developing a platform for collaboration between entrepreneurs and service providers in order to harness the benefits of advances in materials and manufacturing , electronics, medicine and healthcare, environment and energy management , chemicals, biotechnology, agriculture, information technology, and national security that have been enabled by the break throughs in Nanotechnology.

THE INDIAN SCENARIO:



Computers have been getting smaller faster and cheaper because of advances in silicon technology. As per the observation of Gordon Moore the number of transistors being packed into integrated circuits doubled every year. In fact since 1975 the number of transistors on a semiconductor chip has doubled every 18 months. A microprocessor today has approximately 40 million transistors, by 2020 it could have 5 billion. This dramatic advance in miniaturization has possible because of revolutionary research and developments in physics, material science and devices associated technologies.

NANODEVICES:



Carbon nanotubes are an exotic variation of common graphite.The characteristics of nanotubes are as follows.1. Emission of electrons at a relatively low voltage.2. Minimal power requirement.3. High current densities. A single nanotube with a natural junction where a straight section joined to a helical section is called single wall nanotube. Nanotubes have a special feature that they are about six times lighter & ten times stronger than steel.

NANOTUBES:



Manipulating matter on such a fine scale is the

inevitable consequence of continued advancements in the

fields of “ CHIP MANUFACTURING ”.

Improved batteries, new methods for storing &

converting energy are anticipated in the area of ENERGY

&ENVIRONMENT.

Miniaturizing of electronic circuits has served as

a stimulus for massive scientific& technological progress .

APPLICATIONS OF THE NANOTECHNOLOGY :



Sensors based on molecular interactions are very sensitive, especially important for BIOLOGICAL PURPOSES,DNA

recognition is envisioned.

New materials anticipated with greater strength ,toughness and desirable optical properties are entertained in the fields

of MAGNETIC MATERIALS & CHEMICALS. OPTICAL COMMUNICATION is being enhanced with new materials that offer properties based on NANOMETER-SCALE fabrications .



Future Growth Through

NANOTECHNOLOGY



In the nanoworld chemical reactions can occur much more quickly, electrons move faster, heat is conducted much better, batteries can last longer without being charged. The materials are much stronger.Nanotechnology as a scientific and technological thrust encompasses the best of many opportunities afforded to the scientific, engineering, industrial communities. Today’s advances offer tremendous possibilities & also tremendous risks-and we’re just going to learn to live with both of them.

CONCLUSION:

nanotechnology ppt

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