nanotechnology research
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Nanotechnology ResearchPursuing the Future of Forest Products
U.S. Forest ServiceForest Products LaboratoryMadison, Wisconsin
Forest Products Laboratory Nanotechnology Program
Woodisarenewable,sustainable,carbon-neutralresource.Innovationsinwood-basednano-enabledproductshavethepotentialtodisplacepartofAmerica’spetroleum-basedeconomywithamoresustainablecellulose-basedeconomy.
Thisrevolutionarynano-scalesciencecouldtransformtheforestproductsindustryregard-ingproductionofrawmaterials,newapplica-tionsforcompositeandpaperproducts,andnewgenerationsofmultifunctionalwood-based(lignocellulosic)materials.
Usingstructural,chemical,andmechani-calevaluationtechniquesbyinterdisciplin-aryteamsofchemists,materialsscientists,engineers,andbotanists,theForestProductsLaboratorycontinuestoexpanditsfundamen-talresearchinwoodnanotechnologyinordertofurtherextendthenation’stimbersupplythroughthewiseutilizationofitsforestresources.
Nanotechnology Research
Projects of TodayNanoparticleshavealwaysbeenaroundus.Woodisnaturallycomposedofverysmallbutextreme-lystrongcellulosenanofibrils.In-novativenano-relatedadvance-mentswillhelpreplacenon-sus-
tainableproductssuchasplasticsandmetalswithlighter,strongermultifunctionalwood-basedandpapermaterialsmadefromrenewableforestresources.
Prospects for Tomorrow ▶Multifunctionalwoodcompositematerials
withembeddednanosensorstomeasureandreacttostructuralforces,loads,moisture,andtemperatures
▶Anti-microbialandwater-resistantcoatingsonlumberforuseinflood-proneareasandhurricanezones
▶“Smart”paperandpaperboardpackagingtoreplaceplasticsforcommercialandfoodproductssensitivetoheat,contamination,odor,ortampering
▶High-valueproductsfromundervaluedwoodresourcesusingcellulosenanocrystalsandnanofibrilatedcellulosetoimproveperfor-manceanddurabilityoffiberboard,particle-board,andgluedstructuralproducts
Atomicforcemicroscopyof
tunicatecellulosenanocrystals.
Nanoindentsinaloblollypinecellwall.
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Government PartnershipsNational Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
TobettercoordinateFederalnanotechnologyre-searchanddevelopment,theNNIservesasalocusofcommunication,cooperation,andcollabora-tionundertheauspicesoftheNanoscaleScience,EngineeringandTechnologySubcommitteeoftheNationalScienceandTechnologyCouncil.Anestablishedframeworkamongthe25participatingFederalagenciessharesstrategicgoals,priorities,andplanning.Thiscooperativeeffortallowsagen-ciestoleveragevastcollectiveresources.
ThirteenNNIparticipatingagencies,includingtheForestService,haveR&Dbudgetsrelatedtonanotechnology.TheNNIdoesnotfundresearchdirectlybutdoesinformandinfluenceFederalbudgetandplanningprocessesthroughitsmemberagencies.
National Nanotechnology Initiative Goals
▶Advanceworld-classnanotechnologyresearchanddevelopment
▶Fosterthetransferofnewtechnologiesintoproductsforcommercialandpublicuse
▶Developandsustaineducationalresources,askilledworkforce,andthesupportinginfrastructureandtoolstoadvancenanotechnology
▶Supporttheresponsibledevelopmentofnanotechnology
TolearnmoreabouttheNationalNanotechnologyInitiativeanditsactivities,visittheNNIwebsiteatwww.nano.gov.
Industry PartnershipsAgenda 2020 Technology Alliance
Thisindustry-ledpartnershipwithgovernmentandacademiaisaspecialprojectoftheAmericanForest&PaperAssociation.Agenda2020isfo-cusedoninvigoratingtheforestproductsindustrythroughinnovationinprocesses,materials,andmarkets.
Initiatedin1994,Agenda2020isorganizedasamembershipalliancetoaccelerateresearch,demonstration,anddeploymentofbreakthroughtechnologies.
Currentandfutureindustry–governmentpartner-shipswillfocusonthreenanotechnology-basedresearchanddevelopmentareas:
▶Improvingstrength/weightperformanceofpaper,paperboard,andwood-basedstructuralmaterials
▶Developingnewvalue-addedfeaturesforpaperandforestproducts
▶Creatingrevenuestreamsfrominnovativeforest-derivednanomaterials
Academic PartnershipsPurdue University–Birck Nanotechnology Center
Initiatedin2007,thispartnershipbuildsuponthestrengthsofthenanotechnologyinfrastructureandexpertiseatPurdue
UniversityDiscoveryParkandBirckNanotech-nologyCenterandthewoodscienceexpertiseoftheForestProductsLaboratory.Tobridgethetwoinstitutionsandexpediteprogramdevelopment,FPLpermanentlyrelocatedonescientist,Dr.RobertMoon,toPurdueUniversity.TheculminationofthiscollaborativeeffortwillbetheestablishmentofaForestProductsNanotechnologyCenteratPurdue.Researcherscanthenleverageadvancesinscienceandengineeringtocreateinnovativeprograms:
▶Cellulose-basednanotechnology
▶Sensortechnology
▶Predictivemodeling
Seewww.nanohub.orgformoreinformation.
Aresearchcoalitionisdevelopingtofocusonunderlyingscienceandtechnologytoadvancenanotechnologyintheforestproductssector.ThispartnershipisbeingledbytheAgenda2020Tech-nologyAllianceandtheForestProductsLaboratory.OtherparticipantsincludetheUniversityofTen-nessee–Knoxville,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,UniversityofMaine,PennsylvaniaStateUniver-sity–CenterforNanoCellulosics,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,OregonStateUniversity,andPurdueUniversity.Thenanoindentermeasureshardness
andstiffnessofmaterialsatasubmi-crometerscale.
Nanotechnology: The Scale of NatureNanoparticlesareassmallasatomsandmol-ecules.TheDNAwithinourcellularstructureisalsocomparableinsize.Ahumanhairisabout50,000nanometersthick.
10 m
100 µm
Cellular anatomy
10 cm1 nm
Cellulose
100 nm
Fibril-matrixstructure
1 mm
Growth rings
Cell wall layers
Hierarchical Wood Structure
10 µm
Safety and Public Health
Theneedtounderstandandmitigatepo-tentialtoxicityandexposureconcernsforhealth,safety,andtheenvironmentresult-ingfromtheintroductionofengineerednanoscalematerials,nanostructuredmateri-als,andnanotechnology-baseddevicesisanintegralpartofallFPLnanotechnologyresearchefforts.
Encapsulationofwoodcellulosenanocrystalsuspensionswithina
polymershell.
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