nanotechnology:data storage activity and other topics nanotechnology:data storage activity and other...
TRANSCRIPT
Nanotechnology:Data Storage Activity and Other Topics
Nanotechnology:Data Storage Activity and Other Topics
Mark Tuominen Professor of Physics
Science Saturday, Sept. 12, 2009: Part 2
First, a bit more on Self-Assembly
Langmuir-Blodgett FilmMust control movablebarrier to keep constantpressure
multiple dips -multiple layers
solid
liquid
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Shape Matters!
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Shape Matters!
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
wisc.edu
nih.gov
Magnetic Data StorageA computer hard drive stores your data magnetically
Disk
N S
direction of disk motion
“ Write”Head
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 _ _
“ Bits” ofinformation
NS
“ Read”Head
Signalcurrent
Binary Representation of Data
one bit “ 1” or “0” only 2 choices
two bits 00, 01, 10, 11 4 choices
three bits 000, 001, 010, 011,100, 101, 110, 111
8 choices
n bits has 2n choices
For example, 5 bits has 25 = 32 choices...more than enough to represent all the letters of the alphabet
Character "SS"codea 00001b 00010c 00011d 00100e 00101f 00110g 00111h 01000i 01001j 01010k 01011l 01100
m 01101n 01110o 01111p 10000q 10001r 10010s 10011t 10100u 10101v 10110w 10111x 11000y 11001z 11010
Binary representationof lower case letters
5-bit "Super Scientist" code:
ex: k = 01011
0 1 0 1 1
S
N
S
N
S
N
N
S
N
S
OR
(Coding Activity: Use attractive and repulsive forces to "read" the magnetic data!)
Nanotechnology and Nanoscience: People from diverse fields working
together to provide new solutions to problems facing society
• Physics• Chemistry• Biology• Materials Science• Polymer Science• Electrical Engineering• Chemical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Medicine• And others
• Electronics• Materials• Health• Chemical• Environmental• Energy• Food• Aerospace• Automotive• Security• Forest products
Nanoscale Biology:A couple examples
20 m
20 m
25 nm
8 nm
Up to 1 m
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Jenny Ross, UMass, Physics
Targeted Cancer Therapy
Cancer Therapy
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tumor
gold nanoshells
Halas group, Rice Univ.
www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392390
targeted therapy: hyperthermic treatment
www.nano.gov/html/news/SpecialPapers/Cancer
Another Example:Solar Energy
Solar Cells
Konarka
Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.
Electric Solar Cellsp-n junction interface
cross-sectional view
n-type silicon
p-type silicon
+
-
Sunlight
Voltage “load”
CurrentThe electric power produced is proportional to the area of the solar cell
- - - -- - - - + + + ++ + + + 0.5 Volt
Nanostructured Solar Cells
+
-
Sunlight
Voltage “load”
CurrentMore interface area - More power!
How to measure nanoscale objects?(One example: The Atomic
Force Microscope)
(Atomic Force Microscope) "Optical Lever" Principle
To determine amplification factor, use the concept of similar triangles
laser pointer
"Optical Lever"
y1
x1
y2
x2
€
y2x2=y1x1
€
y2 =x2x1y1
For example, if the laser pointer is 2" long, and the wall is 17' (204") away,
€
y2 =204
2y1 ≈100y1 Motion amplified
by 100 times!
.
"Optical Lever" for Profilometry
cantilever
laser
.
"Optical Lever" for Profilometry
cantilever
laser
Long light path and a short cantilever gives large amplification
.
Analysis: Distance Multiplier
cantilever
laser
Long light path and a short cantilever gives large amplification
d1
d2
L1
L2
pivotpoint
The distance amplification d2/ d1 is proportional to L2/ L1
Atomic Force Microscope
Diblock
AFM image
µmCopolymer
tip
Ato
mic
For
ce M
icro
scop
eA
tom
ic F
orce
Mic
rosc
ope
AFM Cantilever Chip AFM Instrument Head
Laser Beam Path Cantilever Deflection
A Message for Students
Nanotechnology will change practically every part of our
lives. It is a field for people who want to solve technological challenges facing
societies across the world
NSF Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing
Research Education Outreach
A Center on Nanomanufacturing at UMass
www.umass.edu/chm(including videos on nanoscience)