nape.portal.gov.bdnape.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/nape... · ipbvq i½jvj ivq †gvt...
TRANSCRIPT
cÖv_wgK wk¶K wk¶vwWwcGW
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj Z_¨cy¯ÍKmnKvix wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges
Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvi Bb÷ªv±iM‡Yi Rb¨
RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wgx (†bc)gqgbwmsn
2015
iPbvqi½jvj ivq
†gvt Avãyj RwjjgvndzRv LvbgwgR©v b~iæbœvnvigvmû`v cvifxb
†gvt Avãyj Rwjj (cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY, 2015)†gvt Rqbvj Av‡e`xb (cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY, 2015)
KvwiMix civgk© kvg‡m Aviv nvmvb
m¤úv`bv†Rvniv †eMg
W. †gvt jyrdzi ingvb (cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY, 2015)†gvt dRjyi ingvb (cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY, 2015)
KvwiMix civgk© I ZË¡veavb kvwgg Avn‡g`
wUg wjWvi, wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg
gy`ª‡Y
A Av wcÖ›Uvm©95, `wÿY wewkj †ivW-4wgicyi-1, XvKv-1216
cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹i‡Yi f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖPwjZ mvwU©wd‡KU Bb GWy‡Kkb (wm-Bb-GW) †Kvm©wU‡K cwieZ©b K‡i 2011 mv‡j wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWy‡Kkb (wWwcGW) †Kvm© Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| wWwcGW Gi 7wU †Kv‡m©i 10wU Z_¨cy¯ÍK I 10wU BÝUªv±i wb‡`©wkKv QvovI wk¶vµg I g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv, wcwUAvB wk¶v_x© Ges cÖwk¶Y we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ 3wU wb‡`©wkKvmn †gvU 29wU eB cÖYqb Kiv nq| 2012 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm †_‡K 7wU wcwUAvB‡Z wWwcGW †Kvm©wU cix¶vg~jKfv‡e Pvjy Kiv nq| miKvi wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK Rbej I †fŠZ myweav m„wó Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b wcwUAvBmg~‡n ch©vqµ‡g GB †Kvm© Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i|
cix¶vg~jKfv‡e PvjyK…Z †Kvm©wU mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j 2013 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm †_‡K AviI 22wU wcwUAvB‡Z Ges 2015 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gvm n‡Z 36wU wcwUAvB‡Z Zv m¤cÖmvwiZ nq| 2017 mv‡j mKj wcwUAvB‡Z wWwcGW †Kvm© Pvjy Kivi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB †Kvm©wUi a¨vb aviYvmn ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv Avgv‡`i †`‡k m¤ú~Y© bZzb| †Kvm©wU‡K gvbm¤úbœ Kivi j‡¶¨ †Kvm© mvgMÖx I wb‡`©wkKv cy¯ÍK¸‡jv‡Z mgq mgq cwigvR©b cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m Abymv‡i 2014 mv‡j cy¯ÍK¸‡jv‡Z gy`ªYåvwšÍmn Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î mycvwikK…Z wKQz cwieZ©b wb‡q Avmv nq|
eZ©gvb Avw_©K eQ‡i GKB Kvi‡Y †Kvm© mvgMÖx Ges wb‡`©wkKv eB¸‡jv‡Z wKQz bZzb welq ms‡hvRb Ges, Dc¯’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wKQz cwieZ©bmn mswkøó welqe¯‘ Ges wb‡`©kbv ev¯Íe I gvbm¤úbœ K‡i cwigvR©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, GB cwigvR©‡bi m~Î wQj B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ 11wU gwbUwis wi‡c©v‡Ui mycvwik|
GB †Kvm©wUi wUg wjWvi Ges MÖæc wjWviMY gwbUwis wi‡c©v‡Ui Z_¨ I mycvwik we‡kølY K‡i DwjøwLZ cy¯ÍK¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b, ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb|
mdjfv‡e cwigvR©‡bi KvRwU m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wUg wjWvi Rbve kvwgg Avn‡g`mn MÖæc wjWvi, †jLK Ges m¤úv`Ke„›`‡K Avwg RvbvB AmsL¨ ab¨ev`| GB cwigvR©b Kv‡R †bc Abyl` m`m¨e„›` wewfbœ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| myôzfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ Avwg Zv‡`i‡K AvšÍwiK ab¨ev` RvbvB|
cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`߇ii cwiPvjK (cÖwkÿY) Avgv‡`i‡K bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb †mRb¨ Avwg cwiPvjK g‡nv`q I Zuvi mnKgx©‡`i wbKU AvšÍwiKfv‡e K…ZÁ| Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`߇ii gnvcwiPvjK g‡nv`q Avgv‡`i bvbvfv‡e mnvqZv I civgk© w`‡q‡Qb, †mRb¨ Avwg Zuv‡K AvšÍwiKfv‡e K…ZÁZv RvbvB|
cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe g‡nv`‡qi mywPwšÍZ wb‡`©kbvq GB cy¯ÍK¸‡jvi Kvw•¶Z gvb AR©b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| †mRb¨ Avwg Zuv‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ|
iii
Avwg AviI K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q BDwb‡md‡K cy¯ÍK¸‡jvi MÖvwd· wWRvBbmn mswkøó †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv †`Iqvi Rb¨|
cwi‡k‡l Avwg g‡b Kwi, GB cwigvwR©Z cy¯ÍK¸‡jv wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i I wk¶v_x©mn mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡`i mnvqZv w`‡q †Kvm©wUi Kvw•¶Z Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK wk¶vi mvgwMÖK gvb AR©‡bi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
†gvt dRjyi ingvb
gnvcwiPvjK RvZxq cÖv_wgK wk¶v GKv‡Wwg (†bc)
gqgbwmsn
iv
f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wk¶vi wk¶K-Dbœq‡b wm-Bb-GW Kg©m~wP my`xN©Kvj D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Avm‡Q| †`‡ki miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi AwaKvsk wk¶K wm-Bb-GW cÖwk¶YcÖvß| G cÖwk¶YcÖvwßi d‡j cÖv_wgK wk¶v‡¶‡Î GKai‡bi m`_©K cwi‡e‡ki m„wó n‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK wk¶vi ¸YMZgv‡bi †¶‡ÎI h‡_ó cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G mZ¨I Ab¯^xKvh© †h, cÖv_wgK wk¶vi cwigvYMZ I ¸YMZgvb Dbœq‡b G †Kvm© Zvi cÖvw_©Z f~wgKv me©vs‡k cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v_©x I wk¶K‡`i wkLb Pvwn`vqI cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶K-Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡giI cwieZ©b Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o| ZvB we`¨gvb cÖwk¶Y-e¨e¯’vq cwieZ©b Avbqb K‡i cÖv_wgK wk¶K-wk¶v (wWwcGW) Kg©m~wP cwiKwíZ n‡q‡Q| wm×všÍ n‡q‡Q †h, wk¶K-Dbœq‡b D”PZi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRb| G Av‡jv‡K mvZwU wel‡qi mvZwU †Kvm©-KvVv‡gv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q : evsjv, MwYZ, cÖv_wgK weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq, Bs‡iwR, G·‡cÖwmf AvU© I †ckvMZ wk¶v| G mvZwU †Kvm© Aa¨qb Ki‡j †h bZzb gv‡bi wk¶K ˆZwi n‡eb Zuviv Ávb, Dcjwä, Abykxjb, g~j¨‡eva I gb‡b c~Y©gv‡bi wk¶K wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡eb| Gi d‡j cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †kÖwY-cvVbvq my`~icÖmvix cwieZ©b Avm‡e|
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMªx Dbœqb ïi“ Kiv nq 2011 mv‡ji †g gvm †_‡K| †Kv‡m©i ZË¡MZ wfwË I i~c‡iLv m¤ú‡K© AewnZKi‡Yi Rb¨ G mgq RvZxq cÖv_wgK wk¶v GKv‡Wwg KZ…©K wewfbœœœ wel‡qi †jLKe„›` Ges welqÁvbm¤úbœ KvwiMwi civgk©K I MÖ“c wjWviM‡Yi cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e ’v Kiv nq| G cÖwk¶‡Y wWwcGW k©b, evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶K-wk¶vq Gi cÖvmw½KZv, †Kvm©-KvVv‡gv, cÖwk¶Y g¨vbyqvj Dbœqb cÖwµqv I c×wZ, †Kvm© g~j¨vqb †KŠkj Ges we‡kl K‡i cÖwZwU wel‡qi P~ovšÍ †Kvm© iƒc‡iLv wel‡q AskMÖnYKvixMY AewnZ nb Ges HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠ‡Qb| D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, G cÖwk¶YwU †`wk Ges we‡`wk civgk©K I welq we‡klÁMY cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
cÖwZwU †Kv‡m© welqwfwËK MÖ“c wjWv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b †jLKe„›` P~ovšÍ Lmov cÖYqb K‡ib| Lmov¸wj welqwfwËK we‡klÁ‡`i civgk© I gZvgZ cvevi ci cwigvR©b Kiv nq| cwigvR©bK…Z wk‡¶vcKiY¸wji P~ovšÍ iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ 7wU wcwUAvB‡Z 2012 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB †_‡K cvBjwUs-Gi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq| cvBjwUs ch©v‡q wUg wjWv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b MÖ“c wjWvie„›` Ges †bc- Gi we‡klÁMY wbe©vwPZ wcwUAvB¸‡jv‡Z wbqwgZ wbweo ch©‡e¶Y I cwiex¶‡Y hvb| cieZ©x‡Z mswkøó welq Bb÷ªv±i, wk¶v_©x Ges Dchy©³ e¨w³e‡M©i wbKU †_‡K cÖvß djveZ©‡bi wfwˇZ wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx¸wj gwigvR©b Kiv nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, cwigvR©‡bi Rb¨ welqwfwËK Bb÷ªv±i‡`i mnvqZvq wk¶K wb‡`©wkKvq Avek¨Kxq cwieZ©b Avbv nq| GQvovI we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv hvq †h, wbe©vwPZ 7wU wcwUAvB‡Z G †¶‡Î wb‡qvwRZ M‡elYv mn‡hvMx‡`i cwiex¶YK…Z gZvgZ we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbvq ivLv nq| wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖxi P~ovšÍ i~c cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ `xN© cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cwigvR©‡bi ci RvZxq Kg©kvjvq Aby‡gv`‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| G ch©v‡q welq we‡klÁ QvovI wewfbœœœ ch©v‡qi wk¶vwe` I M‡elKe„›` Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|
G †Kvm© Dbœq‡b †jLK, KvwiMwi civgk©K I MÖ“c wjWvi, we‡klÁ AwfgZ`vbKvix, m¤úv`K, RvZxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK civgk©KMY Zuv‡`i †gav I g~j¨evb mgq w`‡q mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| ¯^bvgab¨ we‡klÁ e¨w³eM©
v
G †Kvm© Dbœq‡b Zuv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv I kÖg cÖ`vb Kivq G †Kvm©wUi Dbœqb m¤¢e n‡q‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| Zuv‡`i mKj‡K AvšÍwiK ab¨ev` I K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q|
mwPe, cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq, Zuvi AvšÍwiK mnvqZv I m`q mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kivq G †cÖvMÖvgwUi Kvw•¶Z Dbœqb m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| Avwg Zuv‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q|
gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi Ges mswkøó Kg©KZ©vMY eZ©gvb †Kvm© Dbœq‡b AvšÍwiK mnvqZv I mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kivq Avwg mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvbvw”Q| we‡kl K‡i wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi wUg wjWvi cÖ‡dmi kvwgg Avn‡g` †h wbôv I AvšÍwiKZvi m‡½ G †Kvm© Dbœq‡b wbijm cwikÖg K‡i‡Qb Zv Avgv‡K Awff~Z K‡i‡Q| Avwg Zuv‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK ab¨ev` I K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q|
†gv. bvRgyj nvmvb Lvb
gnvcwiPvjK RvZxq cÖv_wgK wk¶v GKv‡Wwg (†bc) gqgbwmsn
vi
gyLeÜ
mv¤cÖwZKv‡j wk¶K wk¶vi †¶‡Î M‡elYvi d‡j m¤ú~Y© bZzb GKwU w`MšÍ D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb jv‡fi welqmn mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK wel‡q m¤ú~Y© bZzb aviv wk¶v`v‡bi †¶‡Î AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Ru¨v wcqv‡R, †R‡iv‡g eª“bvi Ges †jf wfMw¯‹i M‡elYvjä Z‡_¨i ev¯ÍeZv m¤ú‡K© wk¶vwe` Ges M‡elKMY GKgZ n‡q †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| Gme Kvi‡Y DbœZ †`k¸‡jvmn Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jv‡ZI cÖv_wgK wk¶vi gvb `ª“Z e„w× cv‡”Q| Dwj wLZ wk¶v weÁvbx‡`i myycvwikK„Z ZË¡ MVbZË¡ev` ev mvgvwRK MVbZË¡ev` me©gn‡j ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki wWwcG‡Wi wk¶vµg MVbZË¡ev‡`i Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Aek¨ g‡b Kwi †Kv‡bv ZË¡B P~ovšÍ wKQz bq| Áv‡bi RMr µgvMZfv‡e cÖmvwiZ nq, we‡kl K‡i mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z cwiPvwjZ M‡elYvi Kvi‡Y| †m Rb¨ wk¶K‡`i avivevwnKfv‡e Zuv‡`i Áv‡bi fvÊvi e„w× KivUv AZ¨vek¨Kxq n‡q c‡o| †mŠfv‡M¨i welq, eZ©gvbKv‡j B›Uvi‡bU GmKj †¶‡Î A‡bK mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e me‡P‡q †ewk cÖ‡qvRb wewfbœ jvB‡eªwi †_‡K eB msMÖn K‡i cov|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖvmw½K Kvi‡YB bZzb GKwU KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, †hgb cÖwk¶Y we`¨vj‡q 16 mßv‡ni Abykxjb (G Abykxj‡b Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYvi Abyl½ wnmv‡e †ek wKQz bZzb welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q), cÖwZw`‡bi i“wUb, g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv BZ¨vw`| †m Kvi‡Y mswkøó cÖwZwU Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv cyw¯ÍKv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z cÖwZwU Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e m¤úvw`Z nq|
GKB Kvi‡Y cÖavb I mnKvix wkÿK, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i Ges mnKvix Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©vi Rb¨ G g¨vbyqvj Ges Z_¨cy¯ÍK cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| Z_¨cy¯ÍKwU‡Z i‡q‡Q cÖ‡Z¨KwU Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨cÎ| Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Zv mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ msw¶ß wb‡`©kbv †`qv n‡q‡Q| GQvov i‡q‡Q g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv Ges ¯^AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g †ckvMZ `¶Zv e„w×i w`K wb‡`©kbv| G g¨vbyqv‡ji wb‡`©kbv Aek¨ cvjbxq n‡jI cÖwk¶‡Ki ¯^vaxbZv G‡Z Le© n‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| cÖwk¶K †hb wb‡Ri gZ K‡i welqMyy‡jv Zy‡j a‡ib, e¨vL¨v K‡ib, `jxq KvRmn Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i Awa‡ek‡bi wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡ib, cÖKvišÍ‡i †mUvB wbwðZ Kiv G wb‡`©kbvi D‡Ïk¨|
G cy¯ÍKwU cÖYq‡b Ges cieZ©xKv‡j cwigvR©bvq †bc Gi Abyl` m`m¨e„›` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Qb| Aa¨vcK †gvt †gvKviig †nvmv‡qb, W.G‡K.Gg Lvqiæj Avjg, gydwZ †gvt Beªvwng, wmivR Dj¨v, i½jvj ivq, W. n¨vwc `vm Ges †kL †gvt iæûj Avwgb cÖgyL †jLK wn‡m‡e A‡kl cwikÖgmva¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| †m Rb¨ Avwg Zuv‡`i‡K AvšÍwiKfv‡e ab¨ev` Ávcb KiwQ| wWwcG‡Wi mswkøó MÖ“c wjWvi Ges we‡kl K‡i i½jvj ivq cy¯ÍKwU cwigvR©‡b Ges cy¯ÍKwU iPbvq mywPwšÍZ civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
G g¨vbyqvj I Z_¨cy¯Í‡Ki cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY 2015 †Z †jLK wn‡m‡e Rbve Avãyj Rwjj I Rbve †gvt Rqbvj Av‡ew`b Ges m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e W. †gvt jyrdyi ingvb I Rbve †gvt dRjyi ingvb A_©en Ae`vb
vii
†i‡L‡Qb| †m Rb¨ Avwg Zuv‡`i‡K AvšÍwiKfv‡e ab¨ev` Ávcb KiwQ|
†bc-Gi gnvcwiPvjK Rbve †gvt dRjyi ingvb wewfbœ mg‡q g~j¨evb civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i cy¯ÍKwUi Dbœq‡b we‡kl Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb, †m Rb¨ Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q Mfxifv‡e K…ZÁ| BDwb‡md Ges GwWGmGj G cy¯ÍKwU cÖYq‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZv w`‡q Avgv‡K K„ZÁZvcv‡k Ave× K‡i‡Q| me‡k‡l Avwg ab¨ev` RvbvB Avgvi mnKvix Avwe`v myjZvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mnKg©x‡`i, hviv cy¯ÍKwU K‡¤úvR K‡i‡Qb Ges ΓwU ms‡kvab K‡i‡Qb| GQvov ab¨ev‡`i cvÎ n‡q‡Qb MÖvwd· wWRvBwbs Ges Bjv‡÷ªk‡bi †¶‡Î A_©en Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ BDmyd Avjx †bvUb, Avwidzj Bmjvg Ges Zv‡`i mnKg©xe„›`|
cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹i‡Y †Kvm©wUi cwiPvjbv wel‡q mv¤úªwZK AwfÁZvi †cÖÿvc‡U Ges wewfbœ ch©vq †_‡K we‡kl K‡i ˆÎgvwmK gwbUwis cÖwZ‡e`‡bi civg‡k©i Av‡jv‡K wcwUAvB, cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq Ges PZy_© Uv‡g©i Kvh©µ‡g †ek wKQz cwieZ©b wb‡q Avmv n‡q‡Q| GB cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †Kvm©wU Av‡iv mg„× I ev¯Íeg~wL n‡q‡Q e‡j Avwg wek¦vm Kwi|
cwigvR©b Kivi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó †jLK, m¤úv`K Ges †bc d¨vKvwë m`m¨e„›` we‡kl K‡i Rbve i½jvj ivq Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Qb, †m Rb¨ Avwg Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| †bc-Gi eZ©gvb gnvcwiPvjK Rbve dRjyi ingvb Avgv‡K wewfbœfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb, †m Rb¨ Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q AvšÍwiKfv‡e K…ZÁ|
cÖ‡dmi kvwgg Avn‡g`
wUg wjWviwWwcGW Kg©m~wP
viii
ix
m~wPcÎ
w`b/ Awa‡ekb welq c„ôv
1/1 wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i f‚wgKv I D‡Ïk¨ Ges welqe¯‘ 1
1/2 cÖv_wgK wk¶K wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv (wWwcGW) †Kvm© cwiwPwZ 4
1/3 †Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ 10
2/1 evsjv wel‡qi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I cÖZ¨kv 19
2/2 welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I Dc-KiY cwiwPwZ
20
2/2 cÖ_gÑcÂg †kÖwYi evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³ welqe¯‘ 32
2/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzj&m cwiwPwZ 33
2/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv 38
2/3 cÖv_wgK wkÿv evsjv wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn QK 39
3/1 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv 40
3/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY QK 46
4/1 eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ cvV cwiKíbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbv 47
5/1 mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (evsjv) 48
5/1 mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv 50
5/1 †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv 51
5/2 cÖkœcÖÎ evsjv 53
5/2 cVb `ÿZvi Dcv`vbmg~n 55
5/2 wjLb `ÿZvi Dcv`vbmg~n 57
5/2 cÖPwjZ c×wZ I cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z cvV Kiv 58
5/2 †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖPwjZ I cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z wjLb `ÿZv 59
x
5/3 ÔmnR †jLvÕ 60
5/3 cov 61
5/3 cV‡b mvejxjZv evov‡bvi †KŠkjmg~n 62
5/3 1 wgwbU cVY I †iKW© ivLv : 64
5/3 cVb †iK‡W©i bgybv QK 66
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-1 : eY©, KviwPý I evbvb †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj 67
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-2 : GKB eY© w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ejvi †Ljv I D”PviY Kiv| 68
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-3 : GKB ai‡bi eY© Lyu‡R †ei Kiv| 69
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-4 : eY© w`‡q Qwei d¬vk Kv‡W©i mv‡_ k‡ãi KvW© wgjKiY I kã †Pbv
70
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-5 : eY© I k‡ãi jyWz †Ljv| 71
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-6 : kã †kLvi †Ljv (wiwWs †Mg)| 73
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-7 : eY© w`‡q kã Luy‡R †ei Kiv I cov 74
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-8 : KviwPý †Pbv I cwiwPZ e‡Y©i mv‡_ KviwPý mn‡hv‡M kã ˆZwi|
75
6/1 A¨vw±wfwU-9 : KviwPý †Pbv I KviwPý w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ejv, cov, evbvb Kiv I †jLv|
76
6/2 †QvU `‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv 78
7/1 †QvU `‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY I cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
83
7/2 wjLb `ÿZv e„w×i †KŠkjmg~n 85
7/2 m„Rbkxj †jLv/Avgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLv 86
7/2 Mí †jLvi wewfbœ †KŠkj 87
7/2 Mí we‡kølY QK 88
7/2 e„wói w`b 89
7/2 M‡íi mvivsk 90
7/2 MíwU bZyb K‡i †jLv 91
7/2 Z_¨g~jK †jLvi Ici Av‡jvPbv 92
7/2 †h †Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi/ev‡K¨i Ici Aby‡”Q` †jLv 93
7/2 †h †Kv‡bv †jLvi mvivsk (Summery) 94
7/2 Z_¨wfwËK †jLv 95
7/2 cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv 96
8/1 ˆÎgvwmK I cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv 98
8/2 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K ˆ`wbK cwiKíbv (evsjv) 123
9/2 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb 134
9/2 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb 135
9/2 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb (bgybv) : evsjv 136
10/3 ¯ÍiwfwËK cÖ¯ÍvweZ evwl©K cvV cwiKíbv 137
11/1 MwYZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ 139
11/1 MwYZ wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ 140
11/2 mygvBqvi GKwU mKvj 141
11/3 MwYZ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv 142
11/3 cÖkœcÎ-1 144
11/3 cÖkœcÎ-2 145
12/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msiÿY QK 146
12/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK-2 147
12/3 MwY‡Zi †kÖwY cwiPvjbv 148
12/3 MwY‡Zi †kÖwY cwiPvjbv 150
12/3 msL¨v wkLb I msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU aviYv 151
12/3 msL¨v wkLb I msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU aviYv 152
xi
13/1 msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR 153
13/2 msL¨v c×wZ welqK aviYv¸‡jvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg : 155
15/3 ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv 156
15/3 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi QK 159
15/3 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi bgybv 160
15/3 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi bgybv MwYZ 163
16/2 cvwÿK g~j¨vqb Kivi cÖwµqv 165
16/2 cvwÿK g~j¨vqb 166
16/2 cvwÿK g~j¨vqb 167
16/4 †kÖwY cwiPvjbv (evsjv) 169
17/3 wWwcGW Kg©m~wP Ges wfwË 171
17/4 wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
175
17/5 evsjv welqÁvb 189
17/5 evsjv wkÿY weÁvb 192
17/5 MwYZ welqÁvb 197
17/5 MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb 200
18/3 †g›Uwis (Mentoring) 209
19/3 wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb 214
21/5 ch©‡e¶Y †PKwj÷ 245
22/4 Terminal Competencies English 252
22/4 Tools for Base Line Survey : English 264
23/4 Sample Fortnightly Plan English (Format) 269
23/4 Sample Fortnightly Plan English 270
23/4 Quarterly Plan English 271
xii
23/5 Time Management : English 274
24/3 †emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj (Z…Zxq †kÖwY): cÖv_wgK weÁvb 275
24/3 cÖv_wgK weÁvb 276
24/3 Z_¨cÎ 286
24/4 ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY QK 288
24/5 ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY QK 289
24/5 cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi we‡kl w`K 295
24/5 cÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (bgybv) 298
25/1 cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq) 301
25/2 mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (cÖv_wgK weÁvb) 304
25/3 welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq) 305
25/3 evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 306
25/3 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ (1g -2q †kªwY) welqe¯‘ 314
25/3 3q/4_©/5g †kªwYi cvV¨eB‡q †h mKj welqe¯‘ common 316
25/3 evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq †kÖwYwfwËK welqe¯‘ 317
25/3 †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx 1g-5g †kÖwYi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³ welqe¯‘
318
25/4 Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv/wbqgvejx: 319
25/4 evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn QK 321
25/4 Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY (QK) 322
25/4 Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY (bgybv)
323
26/1 evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welq wkL‡bi we‡kl w`K 324
26/2 cvwÿK cwiKíbv (bgybv) 328
26/3 mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq) 331
xiii
xiv
w`b
1w`b
1Awa‡ekb 1
1
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i f‚wgKv I D‡Ïk¨ Ges welqe¯‘wWwcGW n‡”Q ÒwW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡KkbÓ GB k㸇”Qi mswÿß iæc| bvg ï‡bB †evSv hv‡”Q GwU cÖv_wgK wkÿv msµvšÍ GKwU †Kv‡m©i/wWwMÖi bvg| Avcbviv A‡b‡KB PvKzwi ïiæ Kivi ci wcwUAvB‡Z ÒmvwU©wd‡KU Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡KkbÓ ev wm-Gb-GW †Kvm© K‡i‡Qb Ges Ôwm-Gb-GWÕ Gi mgqmxgv wQj evi gvm| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ wkÿv weÁv‡bi A‡bK a¨vb-aviYvi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡`i Rb¨ GKwU bZzb †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †Kv‡m©i bvg ÒwW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡KkbÓ| wWwcGW Gi mgqmxgv 18 gvm| wWwcGW †Kvm©wU cixÿvg~jKfv‡e 2012 mv‡ji RyjvB †_‡K 7wU wcwUAvB‡Z ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges cieZ©x‡Z 2013 mv‡ji RyjvB †_‡K Av‡iv 22wU wcwUAvB‡Z GB Kvh©µgwU m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ch©vqµ‡g mKj wcwUAvB‡Z G †Kvm©wU Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, c‡ii Awa‡ek‡b ÔwWwcGWÕ wWwcGW †Kvm© m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, wWwcGW 18 gv‡mi †Kv©‡mi
cÖ_g 12 gvm wcwUAvB Ges cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq‡Kw›`ªK Ges c‡ii
6 gvm wbR we`¨vjq‡Kw›`ªK
18 gv‡mi G †Kvm©‡K 4 wU Uv‡g© fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g 3wU Uvg© wcwUAvB I cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Ges PZz_© Uvg© wbR we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i wba©vwiZ Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g 3wU Uv‡g© wkÿv_©xMY wcwUAvB‡Z †h †Kvm©¸wj Aa¨qb Ki‡eb, cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g Zv Abykxjb Ki‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z PZz_© Uv‡g© wbR we`¨vj‡q AviI Av¯’vi mv‡_ cÖwkÿYjä wkLb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb wWwcGW †Kv‡m© cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i nv‡Z-Kj‡g †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Abykxjb Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wcwUAvBmsjMœ 20wU we`¨vjq wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, GB we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡K cªwkÿY we`¨vjq bv‡g wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ‡Z AvaywbK a¨vb-aviYv hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z H AvaywbK a¨vb-aviYv Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †hb wWwcGW wkÿv_©x©iv mn‡RB Zv‡`i cwVZ †Kvm©¸‡jv nv‡Z-Kj‡g Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Kvi‡Y H 20wU cixÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK, mswkøó Dc‡Rjvi mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, BDAviwm BÝUªv±iM‡Yi Rb¨ 26 w`‡bi GKwU cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY, cÖwkÿY †k‡l AvaywbK †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË K‡i †m Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv ïiæ Ki‡eb| myZivs wWwcGW wkÿv_©xMY D³ †kÖwY cwiPvjbv ch©‡eÿY K‡i aviYv jvf Ki‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY wkÿv_©x‡`i †kÖwY cwiPvjbv ch©‡eÿY K‡i gZvgZ w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwZwU wel‡q wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv nv‡Z-Kj‡g Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g AvqË Ki‡eb|
2
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
• †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿ‡Kiv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q
− evsjv
− MwYZ
− Bs‡iwR
− evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
− cÖv_wgK weÁvb
GB welq¸‡jvi welq Áv‡bi mv‡_I cwiwPZ n‡eb| mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Ges BDAviwm BÝUªv±iMY cÖwkÿY †k‡l Kvh©µgwU wkÿKMY Kxfv‡e †kÖwY‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Qb Zv cwiexÿY (gwbUwis) Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b welq¸‡jvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †kÖwY‡Z mdj cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wkÿKMY‡K mn‡hvwMZv †`‡eb|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ
1. wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i †cÖÿvcU †kÖwY Kvh©µg, evsjv I MwY‡Zi †Kvm© AvDUjvBb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. evsjv, MwYZ, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq, cÖv_wgK weÁvb I Bs‡iwR wel‡q cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb Pvwn`v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kx Kx c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
3. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwZwU wel‡qi (evsjv, MwYZ, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq, cÖv_wgK weÁvb I Bs‡iwR) wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
4. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwZwU wel‡qi wkLb Pvwn`v (Learning need) wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
5. cÖwZwU wel‡q wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
6. ˆZwiK…Z cvwÿK cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
7. wkïi eZ©gvb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
8. cÖwZwU wel‡qi †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj I wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
9. Activity Based Learning (ABL) c×wZ‡Z †kÖwYKÿ Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
10. wkLb cÖwµqvq cÖwZwU wkïi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿB wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
11. wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki mg‡qi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
3
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i f‚wgKv I D‡Ïk¨ Ges welqe¯‘
12. cª‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Pjgvb g~j¨vqb I Pjgvb g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
13. we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
14. †g›Uwis Kx Zv ev¯Íe D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
15. wkÿK gvb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Ges wkÿK gvb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †g›Uwis Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
16. †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqe¯‘
17. wWwcGW †cÖÿvcU I wWwcGW †Kvm© cwiwPwZ;
18. cÖv_wgK wkÿv evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq I weÁv‡bi welqe¯‘;
19. cÖv_wgK wkÿv evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq I weÁv‡bi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cvV DcKiY cwiwPwZ;
20. †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡gU cwiwPwZ I †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡g‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb I wkLb mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY;
21. cÖwZwU wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvV`vb c×wZ;
22. cÖwZwU wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ Av‡jvPbv;
23. wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgq wefvRb, cvV`vb c×wZ, †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq wewfbœ †KŠkj;
24. cÖwZwU wel‡qi mnvqK DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj;
25. wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv;
26. we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv;
27. †g›Uwis, wkÿK gvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv;
28. †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
w`b
1
4
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 2
cÖv_wgK wk¶K wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv (wWwcGW) †Kvm© cwiwPwZcÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b †PŠKl K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i GKv‡WwgK wk¶v I †ckvMZ cÖwk¶‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i GB †ckvMZ gv‡bvbœq‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, RvZxq cÖv_wgK wk¶v GKv‡Wgx, 57wU cÖvBgvwi wUPvm© †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU I Dc‡Rjv wi‡mvm© †m›Uvimg~n| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki 57wU wcwUAvB‡Z `xN©w`b hveZ cÖPwjZ wm-Bb-GW †Kvm©wU wk¶K‡`i †ckvMZ, AvPiYMZ cwieZ©b Avbvi †¶‡Î †ek cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL nw”Qj| we‡kl K‡i wk¶K‡`i g~j †h KvR we`¨vj‡q cvV`vb Kiv, wm-Bb-GW †Kv‡m© Zvi Abykxjb (cÖvKwUm wUwPs) Gi my‡hvM wQj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg| ZvB GB †Kvm©wUi cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b wQj mg‡qi `vwe| Avi †mB `vwe c~i‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤ú~Y© bZzb Avw½‡K bZzb †Kvm© wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb ev wWwcGW †Kvm© Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wWwcGW †Kvm©wU wk¶K wk¶vi GKwU Abb¨ g‡Wj wn‡m‡e cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wm-Bb-GW †Kvm© †_‡K G †Kvm©wUi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú~Y© ¯^Zš¿| cÖYxZ G bZzb †Kvm©wU‡Z wk¶KMY wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g Aa¨qb K‡i AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡eb Ges wbR wbR we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶Y †kLv‡bv cwi‡ek‡K DbœZ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g n‡eb| G‡¶‡Î wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i, cÖavbwk¶K, Dc‡Rjv wk¶v Awdmvimn I mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wk¶v Kg©KZ©vmn mevB ¯^ ¯^ Ae¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡`i‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Z‡e GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e wcwUAvB BÝUªv±i, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i, cÖavbwk¶K, Dc‡Rjv wk¶v Awdmvi, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wk¶v Awdmvi Ges wk¶KM‡Yi `„wófw½i e¨vcK cwieZ©b| Avgiv Avkvev`x †h mswkøó e¨w³eM© bZzb GB †Kvm©wU ev¯Íevq‡b BwZevPK `„wófw½i cwiPq †`‡eb| Zvn‡jB †Kvm©wUi mdj ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡e|
eZ©gvb wk¶K-wk¶v †Kv‡m©i †d«gIqvK©wU bvbvw`K w`‡qB bZzb‡Z¡i `vwe`vi| †hgb B‡Zvc~‡e© †h wm-Bb-GW †Kvm©wU Pvjy wQj †mLv‡b wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ wk¶K †hvM¨Zvmg~n mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL wQj bv| wKš‘ eZ©gvb cÖPwjZ wWwcGW †Kvm©wU cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wk¶vi bevMZ wk¶K‡`i cÖviw¤¢K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY I †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU mywPwšÍZ iƒcKí| G †Kvm©wU cÖwk¶Y bq eis GwU wk¶K wk¶vi (teacher education) Kg©m~wP| wcwUAvB I cÖwk¶Y ¯‹z‡j mwµqfv‡e `xN© ev¯ÍeÁvb AR©b I wbR ¯‹z‡j wk¶Y-Abykxjb hy³ K‡i bZzb wk¶K ˆZwi Kiv n‡e|| G wk¶K‡`i wbKU wkïiv mvgwMÖK wkLb cwi‡e‡k m„Rbkxj, mwµq Ges MVbev`x `k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K †jLvcov Kivi my‡hvM jvf Ki‡e| wmBbGW †Kvm©wU‡Z wk¶K‡`i ev¯Íe Abykxjb I AbywPšÍ‡bi my‡hvM Kg wQj ev my‡hvM wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j wk¶K wk¶v ev wWwcGW †Kvm©wU‡Z AbywPšÍbg~jK Abykxj‡bi Dci mwe‡kl †Rvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GZبZxZ, m¤ú~Y© †Kvm©wU‡Z AskMÖnYKvix wk¶v_©x‡`i AwR©Z Ávb I `¶Zv‡K GK‡mU †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zvi wbwi‡L wbqwš¿Z I g~j¨vwqZ Kiv n‡e| Gfv‡e Zv‡`i wk¶vi gvb wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| D‡jøL¨, GLb †_‡K cÖv_wgK wk¶K wk¶vq ÔcÖwk¶YÕ k‡ãi cwie‡Z© Ôwk¶K wk¶vÕ cwifvlvwU e¨eüZ n‡e|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gv
wWwcGW Kg©mywP KvVv‡gvi g~j ˆewkó¨ n‡jv mv¤úªwZKZg wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkï‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv|
5
cÖv_wgK wk¶K wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv (wWwcGW) †Kvm© cwiwPwZ
Awa‡ekb 2
†Kvm©wUi we‡klZ¡ n‡jv-
1) †kÖwY Kvh©µg
� wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR Kivi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vwfwËK wfbœ wfbœ I GKvwaK †KŠkj e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kiv|
� wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R MVbZ‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i gy³ I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b Af¨ Í K‡i †Zvjv|
2) Kg©m~wP e¨e¯’vcbv
� wcwUAvB‡Z ZvwË¡K Ávbjv‡fi cvkvcvwk avivevwnKfv‡e cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿY Abykxjb| Gfv‡e 18 gv‡mi G †Kv‡m© wcwUAvB‡Z †gvU 22 mßvn Ges we`¨vj‡q 32 mßvn Abykxj‡bi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q
� wcwUAvB‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K Bb÷ªv±i wb‡qv‡Mi e¨e¯’v Ges welqwfwËKfv‡e Bb÷ªv±‡ii c`web¨vm
� Z_¨ cÖhyw³i (ICT) ch©vß e¨envi
� wkÿvi gvb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv wba©viY
� MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi A_©en e¨envi
� wcwUAvB‡Z GK eQi cÖwkÿY †k‡l 6 gvm wbR we`¨vj‡q cÖavb wkÿK, mswkøó wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i, GBDBImn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©ve„‡›`i wbweo ZË¡veav‡b cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwkÿYjä Ávb ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM I Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
3) †µwWU NÈv
� wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg †gvU 96 †µwWU NÈvi| Gi g‡a¨ wcwUAvBwfwËK 47.5 †µwWU NÈv Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK 48.5 †µwWU NÈv| (1 †µwWU NÈv =15 NÈv we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|)
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g 12wU wcwUAvBwfwËK †Kvm© mwbœ‡ek Kiv n‡q‡QÑ
• 6wU welqÁvb †Kvm©-20.5 †µwWU NÈv
• 5wU wkÿY weÁvb †Kvm© -16 †µwWU NÈv
• 1wU †ckvMZ wkÿv †Kvm©-11 †µwWU NÈv
6wU welqÁvb †Kvm© n‡jv-
� evsjv welqÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
� MwYZ welqÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
� cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
� Bs‡iwR welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
6
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
� evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
� G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m - 2.5 †µwWU NÈv
5wU wkÿY weÁvb †Kvm© n‡jv-
� evsjv wkÿY weÁvb - 4 †µwWU NÈv
� MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb - 4.5 †µwWU NÈv
� Bs‡iwR wkÿY weÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
� cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿY weÁvb - 3 †µwWU NÈv
� evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wkÿY weÁvb - 1.5 †µwWU NÈv
4) †ckvMZ wkÿvi welqe¯‘
†ckvMZ wkÿvi welq 4wU L‡Ê wef³ : cÖ_g LÊ- wkïi weKvk I wkLb, wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb weKvk I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv, wkÿK wkÿv, cÖv_wgK wkÿv : wkÿvµg I GKxf‚Z wkÿv|
wØZxq LÊÑ wkLb ZË¡ I wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj, wkLb g~j¨vqb, Kg©mnvqK M‡elYv, cÖwZdjb Abykxjb, cvV mgxÿv I †g›Uwis|
Z…Zxq LÊ- ag© I g~j¨‡eva, (Bmjvg ag©, wn›`y ag©, wLªó ag© I †eŠ× ag© Ges g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZv)
PZ‚_© LÊ- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges Mš’vMvi cwim¤ú`|
we`¨vjqmswkøó welqwfwËK †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, cÖv_wgK weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq|
G welq¸‡jvi †Kvm©mg~n‡K `ywU cwim‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q-
1) welq Ávb ( Subject Knowledge-Sk )
2) wkÿY weÁvb (Pedagogical Knowledge-PK)
welqÁvb †Kv‡m©i 6wU wel‡qi GKwU n‡”Q G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m| G·‡cÖwmf AvU© G i‡q‡Q-
1) Pviæ I KviæKjv
2) kvixwiK wkÿv
3) msMxZ
7
cÖv_wgK wk¶K wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv (wWwcGW) †Kvm© cwiwPwZ
GQvov 2wU ¯‹yj Ae¯’vb †Kvm© i‡q‡Q-
� we`¨vjq Abykxjb cÖ_g ch©vq
� we`¨vjq Abykxjb wØZxq ch©vq
m¤ú~Y© wWwcGW Kg©m~wP 4 Uv‡g© cwiPvwjZ n‡e
wcwUAvBwfwËK †Kvm©mg~n Ges we`¨vjq Abykxjb †Kvm© wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi cÖ_g 3 Uv‡g© cwiPvwjZ n‡e| wcwUAvB‡Z 12 gvm Ae¯’vb †k‡l wbR we`¨vj‡q 6 gv‡mi wkÿY Abykxjbg~jK †Kvm© mgvwßi ci wkÿv_©xiv me‡k‡l P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wcwUAvB‡Z 2 mßvn Ae¯’vb K‡i P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡b AskMÖnY|
Uvg©Ñ1
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 14 mßvn I †µwWU NÈv 17| Uv‡g©i ïiæ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_g 6 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z cÖ`Ë iæwUb †gvZv‡eK †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Ki‡e| G mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ A¨vKkb wimvP© m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡e| we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mg‡q A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i Kvh©µg ïiæ Ki‡e| A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv AbywPšÍbg~jK wkÿKZvi aviYv jvf Ki‡e| Gi d‡j wPšÍv K‡i wkÿKZvi KvR Kivi `ÿZv e„w× cv‡e| djkÖæwZ‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wb‡R‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e Ges mvgwMªKfv‡e Zuv‡`i †ckvMZ gvb e„w× cv‡e| GB †gqv‡` cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v I mswkøó Kvh©µ‡gi Ici avivevwnK AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡e| cÖ_g Uvg© †_‡K wkÿv_©x Bb÷ªv±‡ii civgk© Abymv‡i wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kvh©µg ïiæ Ki‡e| c‡ii 3 mßvn cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxjbjä AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡e| Zvici 2 mßvn wcwUAvB †_‡K †ckvMZ wk¶vmn Ab¨vb¨ †Kvm© †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ I ZË¡ Aa¨qb K‡i we`¨vj‡q AwR©Z AwfÁZv mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i AviI mg„× Ki‡e| Avevi 2 mßvn we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Ges me‡k‡l 1 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z Aa¨qb Ki‡e|
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc wc wc wc wc we we we wc wc we we wc
Uvg©Ñ2
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 11 mßvn Ges †µwWU NÈv i‡q‡Q 15.5| ïiæ‡Z _vK‡Q 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z K¬vm, Zvici 3 mßvn we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©b| 2 mßvn we`¨vj‡qi ci 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z Aa¨qb| Gici Avevi 3 mßvn wcwUAvB‡Z Aa¨qb K‡i Uvg©Ñ2-Gi †kl mßvn we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Ki‡e| GB †gqv‡` wkÿY weÁvb Aa¨q‡bi Ici †ewk †Rvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| †ckvMZ wkÿvi g‡a¨ _vK‡Q †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I Abykxjb|
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc wc we we we wc wc wc we we
8
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
Uvg©Ñ3
Uvg©-3 Gi mgqmxgv 11 mßvn Ges G Uv‡g© 15 †µwWU NÈv wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| G Uvg©-Gi Kvh©µgmg~n we`¨vj‡q 6 mßvn Ges wcwUAvB‡Z 5 mßvn a‡i AbywôZ n‡e| G‡Z _vK‡Q welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁv‡bi cvkvcvwk †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva| GB †gqv‡` wkÿK gv‡bi Ici A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g `ywU Uv‡g© wk¶K gvb avivevwnKfv‡e Abykxj‡bi Ici ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| wk¶v_©xMY µgvMZfv‡e †ckvMZ wk¶v Ges welqwfwËK wk¶Y weÁvb m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Dcjwäi gva¨‡g avivevwnKfv‡e Zv‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R cvi`wk©Zvi Dbœqb mvab Ki‡e| wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©xiv †kÖwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y© `vwqZ¡ MÖnY, Zv‡`i‡K h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv Abymi‡Y h‡_ó mnvqZv †`‡e|
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB
wc wc we we we we we we wc wc wc
Uvg©Ñ4
GB Uv‡g©i mgqmxgv 18 Kg©mßvn G Uv‡g© †µwWU NÈv wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q 29.5 Gi g‡a¨ 16 mßvn cÖwkÿYv_©xiv wbR we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e A_©vr 1 erm‡ii cÖwkÿYjä Ávb wbR we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wkÿY Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges wkÿKgvb Abymv‡i wb‡R‡K GKRb `ÿ wkÿK wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Ki‡e| m‡e©vcwi Zv‡`i †ckvMZ gv‡bi Dbœqb NU‡e| GB Uv‡g©i †kl 2 mßvn P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wcwUAvB‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡e| m¤ú~Y© Uv‡g©B cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi (1g †_‡K 5g) wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji KvR¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡e|
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB
we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we wc wc
GK bR‡i wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv
mgqKvj Uvg© Ñ1 †µwWU NÈv Uvg© Ñ2 †µwWU NÈv Uvg© Ñ3 †µwWU NÈv Uvg©-4
¯’vb ¯‹zj-5mßvnwUwPs
mgq(†µwWU NÈv )
¯‹zj-5 mßvn
mgq(†µwWU NÈv)
¯‹zj-6 mßvnwUwPs
mgq(†µwWU NÈv)
¯‹zj-16 mßvn
9
cÖv_wgK wk¶K wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv (wWwcGW) †Kvm© cwiwPwZ
wUwPs †cøm‡g›UÑ KwcwUAvBÑ9 mßvn
¯‹zj-6wcwUAvB-17
wUwPs†cøm‡g›U ÑKwcwUAvBÑ6 mßvn
¯‹zj-6wcwUAvB-15.5
†cøm‡g›U-KwcwUAvB Ñ5 mßvn
¯‹zj-7wcwUAvB 15
wUwPs †cøm‡g›UÑ L†µwWU NÈv-29.5 wcwUAvBÑ2 mßvn
†gvU wcwUAvB-22 mßv‡n 47.5 we`¨vjq Ae¯’v (K I L)-32 mßvn 48.5
†ckvMZ wkÿv
7 †µwWU NÈv
†ckvMZ wkÿv
2 †µwWU NÈv
†ckvMZ wkÿv
2 †µwWU NÈv
G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m ÑPviæ I KviæKjvkvixwiK wkÿvmsMxZ
1 †µwWU NÈv
G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m ÑPviæ I KviæKjvkvixwiK wkÿvmsMxZ
1 †µwWU NÈv
G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m ÑPviæ I KviæKjvkvixwiK wkÿvmsMxZ
.5 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv(SK+PK) MwYZ(SK+PK)
3 †µwWU NÈv
3 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv(SK+PK)
MwYZ(SK+PK)
3 †µwWU NÈv
3 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv(SK+PK)
MwYZ(SK+PK)
2.5 †µwWU NÈv3 †µwWU NÈv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb (SK+PK)
1.5 †µwWU NÈv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb (SK+PK)
2 †µwWU NÈv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb (SK+PK)
2.5 †µwWU NÈv
Bs‡iwR (SK+PK)
1.5 †µwWU NÈv
Bs‡iwR (SK+PK))
2 †µwWU NÈv
Bs‡iwR (SK+PK)
2.5 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq (SK+PK)
2 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq (SK+PK)
1.5 †µwWU NÈv
evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq (SK+PK)
1 †µwWU NÈv
• wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖwZwU wkÿve‡l© wkÿv_©xi msL¨v _vK‡e 200 Rb (wcwUAvB‡Z eZ©gvb †kÖwY K‡ÿi msL¨v Abymv‡i wba©vwiZ n‡e)|
• cÖwZwU wkÿve‡l© wkÿv_©xi msL¨v Abymv‡i 4-6wU kvLv _vK‡e|
• cÖwZwU kvLvq 35-40 Rb K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©x _vK‡e|
• msMxZ K¬v‡mi Rb¨ 40 Rb wkÿv_©x wb‡q kvLv MVb Ki‡Z n‡e|
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 3
10
w`b
1†Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ
wWwcGW †Kvm© eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z wZbwU kã AZ¨šÍ iæZ¡c~Y©| Subject Knowledge(SK), Pedagogical Knowledge(PK), Professional Development. wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvi welq¸wj‡K Aej¤^b K‡i `yB cÖKvi Z_¨mvgMÖx ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q : Gi GKwU welqÁvb ev Subject Knowledge(SK) Avi wØZxqwU wkÿYewÁvb ev Pedagogical Pnowledge(PK)| welqÁv‡b AšÍifz³ i‡q‡Q H welq m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨, aviYv BZ¨vw` hv‡Z wWwcGW mb` jvf K‡i whwb wkÿK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡eb Zvi we`¨vj‡q cvV¨ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rvbv _v‡K| wkÿY weÁvb As‡k i‡q‡Q H welqwU †kÖwY K‡ÿ wkÿK Kxfv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡eb, †m m¤úwK©Z we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ I aviYv| †hgb evsjv wel‡q welqÁvb As‡k fvlv Ges mvwnZ¨ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ Avevi wkÿY weÁvb As‡k i‡q‡Q, wkï wkÿv_©xi 4wU fvlv `ÿZv weKv‡k Kx †KŠkj MÖnj Ki‡eb Ges Kxfv‡e mKj wkïi literacy jvf wbwðZ Ki‡eb †m welqK Z_¨| Aciw`‡K professional development ej‡Z wWwcGW Gi g~j `k©b cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q A_©vr wkÿKZv GKwU †ckv Ges †ckvMZ w`KwUi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Ávb jvf Ges Zvi Abykxjb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡`i DbœZ †`‡ki cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkÿ‡Ki mggvb m¤úbœ wkÿK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWz‡Kkb †Kvm©wUi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨vewj wb¤œiƒc :
(1) †Kvm©wUi wkÿvµg I welqvewj
• mv¤úªwZK Kv‡j DbœZ we‡k¦ wkÿK wkÿvi `vk©wbK wfwË (MVbev` ZË¡) AbymiY K‡i G †Kvm©wUi wfwË wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m Abymv‡i †Kvm©wUi wkÿvµg, †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î MVbev` ZË¡ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q|
• †Kvm©wUi we`¨vjq msµvšÍ welq¸wj‡Z A_©vr evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, cÖv_wgK weÁvb, Ges evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq wel‡q welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb G `ywU Ask mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
• †ckvMZ wkÿv As‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj m¤úwK©Z ZË¡mn wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri bgybv cvV-cwiKíbv, g~j¨vqb, †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I ag©xq wkÿv I ICT AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI wkkyi weKvk I GKxf‚Z wkÿv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
• kvixwiK wkÿv, Pviæ I KviæKjv Ges msMxZ welq¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i G·‡cÖwmf AvU© bv‡g GKwU wfbœ welq †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(2) †µwWU NÈv
• mgMÖ †Kvm©wU‡K 96 †µwWU NÈvq wef³ K‡i ZvwË¡K †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ 47.5 Ges Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ 48.5 †µwWU NÈv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, ZvwË¡K welq¸‡jv AaxZ nq wcwUAvB‡Z Ges Abykxjb msµvšÍ welq cwiPvwjZ nq cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq Ges wkÿv_©xi wbR we`¨vj‡q|
11
†Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ
Awa‡ekb 3
(3) g~j¨vqb
• wkÿv_©xi ZvwË¡K Ávb g~j¨vwqZ nq MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Ges Zv m¤úvw`Z nq A¨vKkb wimvP©, A¨vmvBbg¨v›U, Dc¯’vcb Ges `ywU wjwLZ cixÿvi gva¨‡g; Ab¨w`‡K cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿK †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkÿKgvb AR©b K‡i|
(4) Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gv
†Kvm©wU cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î †ek wKQz wbqgbxwZ Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K|
†hgb -• cÖwZwU wcwUAvB‡Z 16 Rb Bb÷ªv±i _vK‡eb (eZ©gv‡b Bb÷ªvKUi wb‡qvM wel‡q mgm¨v _vKvq 13
Rb Bb÷ªvKUi _vK‡eb e‡j wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q|)
• wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwZwU †kÖwY‡Z 35-40 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡e| wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿi msL¨vbymv‡i fwZ© Kiv n‡e| A_©vr 4 †kÖwYKÿ _vK‡j 160Rb, 5wU †kÖwYKÿ _vK‡j 200Rb wkÿv_©x fwZ© Kiv hv‡e|
• cÖ‡Z¨K Bb÷ªvKU‡ii Rb¨ GKwU K‡i j¨vcUc Ges cÖwZ 4 Rb wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ GKwU †W¯‹Uc Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
• cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbv wel‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
• jvB‡eªwi‡Z ch©vß msL¨K Ges cÖv_wgK wkÿv I wkÿK-wkÿv msµvšÍ eB ivLvi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
• †Kvm©wU AvevwmK| cÖwZw`b †fv‡i kixiPP©v eva¨Zvg~jK|
• welqwfwËKfv‡e Bb÷ªv±iMY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
• cÖwZw`b GK NÈvi GKwU ¯^wkLb K¬vm i‡q‡Q| welq Bb÷ªv±‡ii wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i wkÿv_©xMY welqwfwËK cvV Abykxjb K‡i|
• mßv‡n wZbw`b †Ljvayjv Ges 3w`b msMx‡Zi K¬vm AbywôZ nq ˆeKvwjK Awa‡ekb|
welqwfwËK Ávb (SK) wkÿv`vb m¤úwK©Z Ávb (PK) †ckvMZ Dbœqb Ávb
• evsjv
• MwYZ
• cÖv_wgK weÁvb
• evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
• Bs‡iwR
G·‡cÖwmf AvU© (Pviæ I KviæKjv, kvixwiK wkÿv, msMxZ)
• evsjv wkÿYweÁvb
• MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb
• cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿYweÁvb
• evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
• wkÿYweÁvb
• Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb
• †ckvMZ Dbœqb cwiwPwZ
• we`¨vj‡q wkÿv Abykxjb-K
• we`¨vj‡q wkÿv Abykxjb-L
12
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
wWwcG‡Wi wewfbœ †Kvm© cwiwPwZ
†Kv‡m©i bvg : †ckvMZ wkÿv
†µwWU NÈv : 11
Awa‡ekb : 165 NÈv
†ckvMZ wkÿv †Kvm©wU‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv mswkøó †gŠwjK welqe¯‘ m¤úwK©Z Ávb, `ÿZv I DcjwäMZ wkÿv †kÖwYK‡ÿ djcÖm~fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kivi †KŠk‡ji Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i `ÿZv I ÁvbvR©‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖ‡qvRbxq †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I `vwqZ¡‡eva weKwkZ n‡e hv Zv‡`i wkÿK wn‡m‡e †ckvMZ Kv‡R Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡e|
GB †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘¸‡jv ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ Ges GKwU Ab¨wUi cwic~iK| cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î cvi¯úwiK wµqvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj; †hgbÑwmgy‡jkb, †eªBb÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, Av‡jvPbv, mgm¨v mgvavb, cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw` AbymiY Kiv n‡e| GB †Kv‡m©i GKwU cÖv‡qvwMK w`K n‡jv wcwUAvB-G †kLv‡bv welqe¯‘¸‡jv we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Kiv n‡e| GB †Kvm©wU `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K †_‡K cÖwk¶Y we`¨vjq (School Placement) Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| cÖ_gZ, †Km ÷vwW Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj Abykxj‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i GB †Kv‡m©i g~j¨vqb cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| wØZxqZ, wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Kvh©vewj ch©vß ch©‡eÿY, Abykxjb I MVbg~jK wPšÍvi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wbR¯^ `ÿZvi Dbœqb NUv‡Z cvi‡eb|
GQvovI, wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYv (Action research) cwiPvjbv Ges M‡elYvcÖvß djvdj Zv‡`i ¯^-¯^ †kªwYK‡ÿ wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡e| cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i wPšÍv, AwfÁZv I aviYvmg~n wewfbœ IqvK©kc, †mwgbvi I Av‡jvPbv Abyôv‡b wewbg‡qi my‡hvM _vK‡e|
G †Kv‡m© wkÿY weÁv‡bi (Pedagogy) ZvwË¡K wfwË AbymiY K‡i evsjv, MwYZ, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq, cÖv_wgK weÁvb Ges Bs‡iwR wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj AvewZ©Z n‡e|
GB †Kv‡m©i cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n n‡jv cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿv I wkÿvµg, cÖv_wgK wkÿv I wkÿvµg, wkïi weKvk, GKxf‚Z wkÿv, wkLb †kLv‡bv ZË¡, wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj, g~j¨vqb, Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYv cÖwZdjb Abykxjb (Reflective practices), ag© I g~j¨‡eva, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ (ICT) Ges MÖš’vMvi| GB †Kvm© Aa¨qb K‡i wkÿv_©xMY Ggb †ckvMZ Ávb I Dcjwä AR©b Ki‡eb hv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q †k&ªwYK‡ÿ Kvw•ÿZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e †hLv‡b mKj wkïi wkÿvµ‡g wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv AR©bmn myß cÖwZfv weKv‡ki my‡hvM _vK‡e| wkÿv_©xMY Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g ZË¡xq Ávb‡K †kÖwY wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qvM Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
GB †Kv‡m©i A¨mvBb‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g wbqwgZfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb K‡i MVbg~jK djveZ©b (Formative feedback) †`Iqv n‡e| Z…Zxq Uvg© †k‡l cixÿv AbywôZ n‡e Ges PZz_© Uvg© †k‡l we`¨vjqwfwËK KvRmg~‡ni †cvU©‡dvwjI (Portfolio)-Gi wfwˇZ g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e|
13
†Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ
†Kv‡m©i bvg: evsjv welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb
†µwWU NÈvÑ4.5 (67.5 NÈv Ges 45 wcwiqW) Ges 4 (60 NÈv Ges 40 wcwiqW)
†Kv‡m©i eY©bv
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvq GKRb wkÿK‡K h_vh_ †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡j Zvi evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ `ÿZv _vKv Avek¨K| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWy‡Kk‡bi evsjv welqÁvb †Kvm©wU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †Kv‡m© wKQy Qov, KweZv, †QvU Mí, ig¨ Mí, cÖeÜ msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ mgq I ixwZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| hv c‡o evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ wkÿK‡`i AvMÖn I Drmvn m„wó n‡e| G mg¯Í iPbv Aa¨qb K‡i wkÿv_©xiv mvwn‡Z¨i fvlvÁvb I fvee¯‘‡Z cÖvwYZ n‡eb| GQvovI GB cÖwkÿ‡Y wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv cvV¨eB‡qi Mí, KweZv, QovI g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i covi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q| KviY evsjv cvV¨eB‡qi Mí, KweZv, Qov g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i covi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj wb‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi cÖwkÿY cÖ`vbKv‡j Zv‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi gva¨‡g cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv n‡e|
G †Kvm©wU wW‡cøvgv Bb GWz‡Kk‡b Aa¨qbiZ wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kvm©wU mdjfv‡e mgvcb K‡i wkÿv_©xiv cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Í‡ii †kªwYmg~‡n wk¶K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| G †Kv‡m©i AvIZvq wkÿv_©xiv wba©vwiZ wk¶K‡hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K †kÖwYK‡ÿ c„_KgvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkï‡`i wPwýZ I Zv‡`i ^Zš¿ wkLb Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i mgq e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g mwµq wkLb †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mg_© n‡eb| e¯‘Z, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi gvZ…fvlv evsjv welq †kªwYK‡ÿ Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj `ÿZv e„w× KivB G †Kv‡m©i mywbw`©ó j¶¨|
Course name: English Subject Knowledge & Pedagogical Knowledge
Credit hours: 3 (45 hours and 30 periods) & 3 (45 hours and 30 periods)
Course Description
The course is designed to develop trainee teachers in teaching English in the Primary school of Bangladesh. Our teachers need to be proficient in English and are obviously in need of such a course. The course is interactive and participatory in nature and intended to develop the communicative skills of our trainee teachers. The emphasis will be laid on the functional language having relevance to class room teaching and primary school text books ‘English for Today’. Naturally the emphasis on the language skills will be very strong. The trainee teachers should be able to know about how these things are practiced by our learners. They will thus be in a position to take over their responsibility after training with competence and confidence. A great deal of their competencies depends on language practice and the opportunity available for them to do it. The present course aims at providing for the practice they need. The course includes components for trainee teachers to reflect on the way they are learning and to make sure that teaching and training take place in a meaningful and effective way in our primary schools leading to the development of every individual child irrespective of his social status.
14
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
The course is designed to acquaint trainee teachers with a broader area of English language skills through the contents selected for their subject knowledge development and also their teaching ability through professional practice. The expectation from this course is to develop their skills for teaching English in the primary schools of Bangladesh effectively. The course is interactive and participatory in nature and intended to develop the communicative skills of our trainee teachers as well as of our students. The emphasis will be laid on the functional language having relevance to classroom teaching and primary school textbooks ‘English for Today’. Teaching skills and techniques are imparted through specially designed activities. Pedagogical methods will emphasize interaction and communication, so that trainee teachers can graduate with confidence in both oral and written communication abilities.
The course seeks to instill in the trainee teachers a desire to become efficient and successful teacher. To that end, it aims to develop their ability to think critically and demonstrate creativity in teaching and make them feel encouraged to acquire skills and strategies for using language appropriately and effectively in teaching learning situations. Practice teaching and simulations are introduced to make the trainee teachers confident and well-equipped through sufficient amount of active involvement.
15
†Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ
†Kv‡m©i bvg: MwYZ welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb
†µwWU NÈv: 4.5 NÈv (67.5 NÈv) Ges 4.5 †µwWU NÈv (67.5 NÈv)
†Kv‡m©i eY©bv:
MwYZ nj cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU g~j welq| MwY‡Zi Ávb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi A‡bK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i wPšÍvkw³i D‡b¥l NUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| MvwYwZK Ávb I `ÿZvq mg„× n‡q Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘, mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvmn bvbv wel‡q Mfxi Abyaveb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU e„nËi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZK mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi †ÿÎ I GKBfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î MvwYwZK aviYvi e¨envi AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GB †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ Ggbfv‡e web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wkÿv_©xi Ávb I `ÿZv wkÿKmyjf Ges Zv‡`i wPšÍv I †PZbv wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK n‡e hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡`i wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wkL‡bi Avb›` wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i MvwYwZK aviYvmg~n cÖ_g wZbwU Uv‡g© wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| MvwYwZK welqe¯‘ cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg †_‡K evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨I wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q, wkÿv_©xMY MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘ m¤úwK©Z Ávb mg„× n‡e, ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b MvwYwZK aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges djcÖm~ wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ Kg©Zrci c×wZi e¨env‡i mvg_©¨ n‡e|
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡`i Rb¨ MwYZ wkÿv`vb GKwU Ab¨Zg RwUj KvR| ¯‹zj Rxe‡b GB MwYZ K¬vm GKB mv‡_ wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡`i GKwU Av‡eMgq I D‡ËRbvc~Y© AwfÁZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM G‡b †`q| evisevi ÔcÖ‡Póv I fzjÕ Gi ga¨ w`‡q, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i, bxi‡e I GKvKx wPšÍv K‡i, Ges eÜy‡`i mv‡_ mgm¨vi mgvavb wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g hLb wkÿv_©xiv †Kvb bZzb aviYv ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c_ Lyu‡R cvq ZLb Zviv wkL‡bi †h eY©bvZxZ Avb›` jvf K‡i Zv Ab¨ wKQz w`‡q c~iY nevi bq| wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi †mB gyû‡Z© wkÿK cwiZ…wßi me©vwaK Avb›` jvf K‡ib|
MwYZ K¬v‡m G ai‡bi cig Avb›` jv‡fi gyûZ© m„wói Rb¨ †KejgvÎ MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘ I wkÿv`v‡bi mvaviY Kjv‡KŠkj Rvbv ch©vß bq| GKRb m„wókxj Ôfv‡jv wkÿKÕ‡K AviI †ewk Rvb‡Z n‡e| hw` Avgiv Ggb fv‡jv wkÿK n‡Z PvB whwb K¬v‡m eyw×e„wËK PP©vi gva¨‡g Avb›`Nb cwi‡ek m„wó K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B wkÿvµg m¤úwK©Z Ávb, mywbw`©ó welqwfwËK wkÿY m¤úwK©Z Ávb I `ÿZv, †Kvb& †Kvb& cwi‡e‡k ev †cÖwÿ‡Z ¯^-¯^ wkÿv_©xi Kx ai‡bi wkLb N‡U †m m¤ú‡K© we¯Í…Z Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b _vK‡Z n‡e| D³ mKj welq‡K we‡ePbvq G‡b GB †Kvm©‡K Ggbfv‡e iƒcvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wkÿv_©x-wkÿKMY D³ Áv‡b mg„× n‡q GKRb Ôfv‡jv wkÿKÕ Gi Rb¨ Ges wkï‡`i Avb›`Nb I D‡ËRbvKi cwi‡e‡k cvV`v‡bi `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM cvb|
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖ_g wZb Uv‡g© GB †Kvm©wU cov‡bv n‡e, Kg©gyLx M‡elYv (Action Research) Ges cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Gi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| ZvQvov wkÿv_©x-wkÿKMY e¨envwiK Ávb I `ÿZv AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q MwYZ wkÿ‡Y AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hv‡”Q|
16
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
†Kv‡m©i bvg: cÖv_wgK weÁvb (welqÁvb I wk¶Y weÁvb)
†µwWU NÈv : 3 †µwWU NÈv (45 NÈv Ges 30 wcwiqW) Ges 3 †µwWU NÈv (45 NÈv ev 30 wcwiqW)
†Kv‡m©i weeiY:
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki Rxe I Roe¯‘‡K wb‡qB cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb| cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb Ggb GKwU welq hv cwi‡e‡ki Aew¯’Z Rxe I Roe¯‘i wµqv-cÖwµqv wb‡q Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges gvby‡li Dci G‡`i cÖfve wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| cwi‡e‡ki Dci cÖPzi M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvi weÁvbxiv| Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ cwi‡ek‡K i¶v Kiv Z_v c„w_ex‡K i¶v Kiv| Ro I Rx‡ei gv‡S †h GKUv AvšÍtm¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ges GKBfv‡e cÖvYx I Dw™¢` RM‡r Gi gv‡S †h AvšÍtm¤úK© ev G‡K A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxjZv i‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| RxeweÁvbxMY Rxe ˆewPÎ wb‡q M‡elYv K‡ib| ev¯Íyms¯’vbwe`MY Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi gv‡S wbf©ikxjZv Ges Ro e¯‘i cÖfve wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| f~ZË¡we`MY c„w_exi BwZnvm, MVb, †fŠZ ¸Yvewj Ges DrcwË wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| imvqbwe`MY Rxe I Ro e¯‘i MVb Dcv`vb I cvi¯úwi‡Ki g‡a¨ wµqv-cÖwµqv wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| c`v_©we`MY wewfbœ c`v‡_©i MVb wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| ¯^v¯’¨weÁvbxiv cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y gvbe †`‡ni Ici †h wµqv cÖwZwµqv, nq Zvi mgvavb AbymÜvb K‡ib|
Gi AviI D‡Ïk¨ cÖv_wgK wk¶K‡`i cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© GKUv ¯^”Q aviYv †`qv hv Zviv cieZ©x‡Z cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡`i gv‡S Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| A_ev cwi‡ek D¾xweZ Kivi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
G †Kvm©wU Ggbfv‡e cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i cwi‡ek wk¶v (weÁvb) wk¶‡Yi Ávbg~jK g~j¨‡eva Ges g‡bv‡cwkR welq¸‡jvi mgš^q mvab Kiv hvq| cwi‡ek wk¶v (weÁvb) Kxfv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡j Zv Avb›``vqK Ges djcÖm~ nq Zvi cÖ‡Póv i‡q‡Q| weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb †Kvbfv‡eB RwUj bv g‡b nq Zvi w`K wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q welqwU‡Z| cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K weÁvb hv‡Z bv _v‡K ZviB GKvšÍ cÖ‡Póv i‡q‡Q Ges weÁvb wk¶K‡`i †mBfv‡eB ˆZwi nIqvi w`K wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡ek wk¶v (weÁvb nj Ggb GKUv welq hv Avgv‡`i Av‡k cv‡kB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| †Pbv-Rvbv welq¸‡jv‡K ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½‡Z Rvbvi Ges cÖ‡qvM Kivi GKUv me©vZ¥K †Póv i‡q‡Q G welqwU‡Z| A_©vr cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ ˆeÁvwbK mZ¨‡K Kxfv‡e my›`ifv‡e D`NvUb Kiv hvq| cÖv_wgK weÁvb wk¶‡Y Kxfv‡e AvKl©Yxq I djcÖm~fv‡e cvV`vb Kiv hvq ZviB cÖ‡Póv i‡q‡Q G welqwU‡Z| cvV`vb‡K myôzfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ †ek wKQz msL¨K wkLb ZË¡, cvV`vb †KŠkj, wk¶v DcKiY Ges cvV-cwiKíbvwU K‡i AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wk¶v_©xiv †hb wcwUAvB †_‡K cÖwk¶Y †k‡l we`¨vj‡q wM‡q we`¨vj‡q Qv·`i Dc‡hvMx K‡i cvV`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
17
†Kvm© mvgMÖxi cwiwPwZ
†Kv‡m©i bvg: evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq (welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb)
†µwWU NÈv: 2.5 (37.5 NÈv Ges 25 wcwiqW) Ges 2 (30 NÈv Ges 20 wcwiqW)
†Kv‡m©i weeiY:
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq GKwU mgwš^Z welq wn‡m‡e wk¶v_©xiv Aa¨qb K‡i| gvbyl, gvby‡li cwi‡ek, mgvR Ges mgv‡R we`¨gvb bvbv iKg cÖwZôvb I msMVb, wbqg-bxwZ BZ¨vw`i eûgvwÎK AvšÍtm¤úK© evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Abykxj‡bi welqe¯‘| wkïi wb‡Ri RMr I Zvi cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ˆewk¦K †cÖ¶vcU ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi cwimi| GB e¨vcK cwim‡i Zv‡`i‡K `vwqZ¡kxj I AskMÖnYKvix fwel¨r bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvq mnvqZv Kiv evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi cÖavb j¶¨| G Rb¨ welqwU †KvgjgwZ wkï wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½i weKvk mvab I g~j¨‡eva AR©b Kiv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| wk¶v_©x‡`i ˆkkeKvj †_‡KB Gme Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b Kiv‡bvi cÖqvm ïiæ nq| ZvB cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wkLb †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki AvšÍwiKZv, m‡PZbZv, we‡kl ˆewkó¨ I ˆbcy‡Y¨i cvkvcvwk ch©vß welqe¯‘MZ Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wWcøgv-Bb-cÖvBgvwi GWy‡Kkb Kvh©µ‡g Aa¨qbiZ wk¶v_©x Z_v fwel¨r wk¶K‡`i evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡q welqe¯‘MZ Ávb mg„× Kivi j‡¶¨ G †Kvm©wU Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i wk¶v_©xiv djcÖm~ wk¶K wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi mg„× welqe¯‘MZ Ávb I `¶Zv AR©‡b mg_© n‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq GKwU mgwš^Z welq wn‡m‡e Aa¨qb Kiv nq| mgvRweÁvb, BwZnvm, ivóªweÁvb, f~‡Mvj I RbmsL¨v wk¶v cÖf„„wZ mvgvwRK weÁvbmg~‡ni welqe¯‘ wb‡q evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi welqKvVv‡gv cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| G welqe¯‘ cÖvPxb I eZ©gvbKv‡ji gvbe Kvh©vewj Ges wkïi cvwicvwk¦©K †fŠZ I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek AšÍfy©³ K‡i; Zvi cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb, mvgvwRK cÖwµqv, NUbvewj I ZË¡mg~n we‡k¬lY K‡i| GKBfv‡e evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I msMVbmg~‡ni f~wgKv, wbqg-Kvbyb, wewa-weavb, c×wZ I AvšÍtm¤ú‡K©i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i| welqwU wkLb †kLv‡bvi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡”Q wkï‡K Zvi wb‡Ri cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½i Dbœqb NUv‡bv Ges wbR cwi‡ek I mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡kxj f~wgKv cvj‡b mg_© Kiv| m‡e©vcwi, AvR‡Ki AvZ¥wbf©ikxj I cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq „wófw½ I ¶Zvi weKvk NUv‡bv|
GwU mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqwU †QvU †QvU †Q‡j- †g‡q‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bvi KvRwU GKRb wk¶K we‡kl K‡i bexb wk¶‡Ki c‡¶ h‡_ó `yiƒn e¨vcvi| G Rb¨ Zvi ch©vß welqÁvbmn wk¶YweÁvb (Pedagogy)-Gi eûgvwÎK Ávb, ˆbcyY¨ I `¶Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wWwcGW Kvh©µ‡g G †Kvm©wU cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, wcwUAvB-Gi weÁ Bb÷v±ie„›` wk¶v_©x‡`i wk¶vweÁvb mswk øó mg„× ÁvbwfwË ˆZwi K‡i †`‡eb, hvi d‡j Zviv bexb wk¶K wn‡m‡e D³ Ávb `¶Zvi mv‡_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g djcÖm~ wk¶‡Y mg_© n‡eb|
18
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
†Kv‡m©i bvg I b¤^i : G·‡cªwmf AvU©
†µwWU NÈv : 2.5 †µwWU NÈv (37.5 NÈv ev 25 wcwiqW)
†Kv‡m©i eY©bv :
wk¶v ͇ii g‡a¨ cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK wk¶v AZ¨šÍ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ges Acwinvh©| GB j¶¨ c~i‡Y Ges Avb›``vqK cvV`v‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwi‡Z ·‡cÖwmf AvU© (cÖKvkag©x Kjvwe`¨v) GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †hgb - wkï Zvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri wPšÍv, Kíbv I wePvieyw× Øviv †h †iLv A¼b K‡i, †h myi K‡Ú aŸwbZ nq A_ev †h †`n fw½gv K‡i Zv cÖavbZ AvZ¥cÖKvk g~jK| GB AwfÁZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q †h m„Rbx kw³i weKvk N‡U, Zv Ab¨vb¨ welqwfwËK wk¶v AR©‡bI GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv, kvixwiK wk¶v I msMx‡Zi gva¨‡g, wkïi D™¢vebx gb‡K myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv, Kíbv cÖeYZv‡K ev¯Í‡e iƒc †`qv, cÖvY-PvÂj¨ I Kg©¯ú„nv‡K m„Rbkxj Kv‡R jvMv‡Z DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ G †Kv‡m©i AeZviYv| Kjvwe`¨vi AšÍf©y³ †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z AwfÁZv jv‡f m¤ú„³ n‡q wkï-wK‡kviiv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Ges Ab¨‡`i Av‡eM I Abyf~wZ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡e|
e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK Ges K…wóMZ cwiPq m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i aviYv ˆZwi‡Z cÖKvkag©x Kjvwe`¨v †K›`ªxq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| ¯’vbxq, RvZxq I AvšÍ©RvwZK ms¯‹…wZi ˆewPΨ Ges kw³‡K kbv³ Kiv I g~j¨ †`Iqvi †¶‡Î, cÖKvkag©x Kjvwe`¨vi `¶Zv¸‡jv Aek¨B GKwU e¨wZµgag©x f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| G †Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©xMY Rvb‡e Ges Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv, kvixwiK wk¶v Ges msMx‡Z Kxfv‡e wkL‡bi wewfbœ welq‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© mg¨Kfv‡e aviYv jvf Ki‡e| úó fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR BZ¨vw` wel‡qi wewfbœ cv‡V ·‡cªwmf AvU© Gi cÖwµqv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e wkLb Kv‡R mshy³ Kiv hvq †m welqwU Mfxi fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv hv‡e|
·‡cÖwmf AvU© (cÖKvkag©x Kjvwe`¨v)-†K GB wWcø gv †cÖvMÖv‡g mgwš^Z GKwU welq wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G welqwU‡Z wk¶K gvb (Teacher standard) Gi mKj w`K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK wk¶vi wk¶vµ‡g AšÍf©y³ wZbwU welq h_v Pvi“-Kvi“, msMxZ Ges kvixwiK wk¶v m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj I g~j¨vqb wek`fv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv hvq G welqwU Aa¨qb I Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv GKw`‡K †hgb wb‡Riv wewfbœ Kjvwe`¨vi AšÍf©y³ `¶Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e Ab¨w`‡K D‡jø wLZ `¶Zv¸‡jv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x‡`i DØy× Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|
G †Kvm© Abymv‡i wcwUAvB‡Z Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl mgq wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| †hgb kvixwiK wk¶v wel‡qi Abykxjb¸‡jv cÖ_vMZfv‡e †fv‡i AbywôZ nq| G cÖ_v Pvjy ivLv n‡e| G Qvov mßv‡n wZbw`b Pvi“-Kvi“, msMxZ I †Ljvayjv PP©vi Rb¨ weKvj 5.00- 5.30 wgwbU A_ev kxZKv‡j mKvj 8.30 - 9.00 Uv eivÏ ivL‡Z n‡e| G Abykxj‡bi mgq mKj wk¶v_©xi AskMÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK| Z‡e wcwUAvB AskMÖn‡Yi wbw`©ó Kg©m~wP Zwi K‡i w`‡eb|
1919
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
2
19
evsjv wel‡qi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I cÖZ¨kvGB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -
1. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi evsjv wel‡qi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi evsjv wel‡qi wkLb Pvwn`v (Learning need) wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4. ˆZwiK…Z cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5. †kªwY cwiPvjbvq evsjv wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj I wewfbœ DcKiY e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. wkïi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
7. Activity Based Learning (ABL) c×wZ‡Z †kÖwYKÿ Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
8. wkLb cÖwµqvq cÖwZwU wkïi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿB wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
9. wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki mg‡qi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Pjgvb g~j¨vqb I Pjgvb g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
11. cÖwZwU wkïi m„RbkxjZvi weKv‡ki my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkï‡K ¯^wbf©i cvVK I ¯^wbf©i †jLK wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z cvivi †KŠkj wkL‡eb|
cÖwkÿ‡Y evsjv wel‡qi welqe¯‘
1. evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cvV DcKiY cwiwPwZ|
2. †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡gU cwiwPwZ I †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡g‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY|
3. evsjv wel‡qi eZ©gvb I cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvV`vb c×wZ we‡kølY I Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv|
4. wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgq wefvRb, cvV`vb c×wZ, †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi wewfbœ †KŠkj|
5. evsjv wel‡qi mnvqK DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj|
6. wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv|
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 2
20
w`b
2
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
• †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg n‡jv Ggb wkÿvµg, †hLv‡b welqe¯‘ AvZ¥¯’ KivUv gyL¨ bq, eis welqe¯‘‡K e¨envi K‡i KZ¸‡jv †hvM¨Zv AR©b‡K jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq| A_©vr welqe¯‘ ev c×wZ hvB †nvK bv †Kb, †kÖwYK‡ÿi cÖwZwU wkï‡K KZ¸‡jv †hvM¨Zv ev wkLb gvb`Ê AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi AšÍM©Z mKj wel‡q cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ 5 eQi †gqvw` cVb-cvVb †k‡l wkïiv KZ¸‡jv cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e e‡j cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq| cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi cÖwµqv‡K mywbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZwU welq-†ÿ‡Î cÖwZwU †kÖwYi Rb¨ †kÖwY I welqwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv wel‡qi cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †kÖwYK‡ÿi mKj Kg©KvÊ Ggbfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡e, hv‡Z †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wkïB cÖwZwU †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
21
Avek
¨Kxq
wkLb
µg
welq
: e
vsjv f
vlv
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
fvlv
`¶Z
v : †
kvbv
1.
ev
sjv
fv-
lvi
MVb-
ˆewk
ó¨
m¤ú‡
K©
aviY
v jv
f K
iv|
1.1
evK
¨ I
k‡ã
e¨
eüZ
ev
sjv
eY©gv
jvi
aŸwb
I
wbe©v
wPZ
hy³
e‡Y©i
aŸ
wb
g‡bv
‡hvM
mn
Kv‡i
ïb‡
e|
1.1
evK
¨ I
k‡ã
e¨
eüZ
evsj
v hy³
e‡Y©i
aŸ
wb g
‡bv‡h
vM m
nKv‡i
ïb
‡e|
1.1
evsj
v eY©
I hy³
eY©
mn‡h
v‡M
MwVZ
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.1
evsj
v hy³
eY© m
n‡hv
‡M
MwVZ
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
1.1
evsj
v hy³
eY©
mn‡h
v‡M M
wVZ
kã
ï‡b
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.2
Kvi
wPý
nxb
I K
viwP
ýhy³
kã
G
es
Abyiƒc
kã
‡hv‡M
ev
K¨
ïb‡e
|
1.2
wewf
bœ kã
I †
QvU
†QvU
ev
K¨ ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.2
cwiw
PZ
I cv
‡V
e¨eü
Z
kã
w`‡q
Mw
VZ e
vK¨
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.2
mnR
evK
¨ ï‡
b eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|1.
2 mn
R
ev
K¨
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.3
wb‡`
©kbv,
cÖkœ,
Aby‡i
va
BZ¨vw
` ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.3
wb‡`
©kbv,
cÖkœ,
Aby‡i
va
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.3
wb
‡`©kb
v, cÖk
œ, Ab
y‡iva
, †N
vlYv
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.3
wb‡`
©kbv,
cÖkœ,
Aby‡i
va,
†Nvl
Yv,
Av‡`
k ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.3
wb‡`
©kbv,
cÖkœ,
Aby‡i
va,
†Nvl
Yv,
Av‡`
k,
Dc‡`
k ï‡
b eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
22
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
2.
Qov,
Kwe
Zv,
iƒcK
_v,
Mí B
Z¨vw
` kÖ“w
ZMÖv
n¨
mvwn
Z¨
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
v I
Avb›
` jv
f K
iv|
2.1
Qov
I K
weZ
v ï‡
b Av
b›`
jvf
Ki‡
e|
2.1
Qov I
Kwe
Zv ï
‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e I
Avb
›`
jvf
Ki‡
e|
2.1
Qov
I K
weZ
v ï‡
b g~j
wel
q eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.1
Qov I
Kwe
Zv ï
‡b
g~j
welq
I
fve
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.1
Qov
I K
weZ
v ï‡
b g~j
we
lq
I fv
e Ab
yaveb
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.2
MíK
_v
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e
I Av
b›`
jvf
Ki‡
e|
2.2
Mí
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e
I Av
b›`
jvf
Ki‡
e|
2.2
Mí
I Dc
K_v
ï‡
b g~j
wel
q eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.2
Mí I
iƒcK
_v ï
‡b g
~j we
lq I
fve
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|2.
2 Mí
I i
ƒcK_v
ï‡b
NU
bv,
g~j w
elq
I fv
e eyS
‡Z I
Dc‡
fvM
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
3.
K‡_
vcK
_b,
eY©bv
, msj
vc B
Z¨vw
` ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
viv|
3.1
cwiP
qg~jK
K
‡_vc
K_b
I e
Y©bv
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
3.1
cwi
Pqg
~jK
K
‡_vc
K_
b
I e
Y©b
v ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
c
vi‡e
|
3.1
cwiw
PZ
wel‡
q K
‡_vc
K_b
I
eY©bv
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.1
wba©v
wiZ
we
l‡q
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.1
bvU‡
Ki
msjv
c I
eY©bv
ï‡b
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.2
mncv
Vx
Icwi
wPZ
e¨
w³i
bvg
ï‡b
g‡b
ivL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.2
-3.
2
-
3.2
-3.
2
-
3.3
cwiw
PZ
dzj,
dj,
is,
cïcv
wL
BZ
¨vw`i
bv
g ï‡
b g‡
b iv
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
cwiw
PZ d
zj, d
j,
is,
cïcv
wL,
MvQc
vjv,
b`x B
Z¨vw
`i e
Y©bv k
y‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
cvwL
i eY
©bv ï
‡b
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
-3.
3
-
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
23
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
3.4
mvZ
w`
‡bi
bvg
ï‡b
g‡b
ivL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.4
evsj
v ev
i gv
m I
Qq F
Zzi
bvg
ï‡b
g‡b
ivL‡
Z I
wel
q eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.4
-3.
4 ev
sjv‡`
‡ki
cÖvK
…wZK
ˆe
wP‡Î
¨i e
Y©bv ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.4
mnR
we
l‡q
Av‡j
vPbv
ï‡
b g~j
fve
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.5
GK
†_‡
K we
k ch
©šÍ
MYbv
evPK
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.5
GK
†_‡
K G
Kk
ch©šÍ
MYbv
evPK
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.5
cÖ_g
†_‡K
`kg
ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.5
cÖ_g
†_‡K
wes
k ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
Ges
G
K
†_‡K
`k
ch
©šÍ Z
vwiLe
vPK
kã
ï‡
b eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.5
cv‡V
I
Ab¨vb
¨ †¶
‡Î e
¨eüZ
msL
¨vevP
K
kã ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
fvlv
`¶Z
v : e
jv
1.
ev
sjv
fv-
lvi
MVb-
ˆewk
ó¨
m¤úwK
©Z
aviY
v cÖ‡
qvM
K‡i
K
_v
ej‡Z
cvi
v
1.1
evK
¨ I
k‡ã
e¨
eüZ
ev
sjv
eY©gv
jvi
aŸwb
I
wbe©v
wPZ
hy³
e‡Y©i
aŸ
wb
¯úó
I
ï×fv
‡e
ej‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.1
evK
¨ I
k‡ã
e¨
eüZ
evsj
v hy³
e‡Y©i
aŸ
wb ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.1
hy³
eY
© mn
‡hv‡M
ˆZ
wi
kã I
kã
hy³ e
vK¨
¯úó
I
ï×fv
‡e e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.1
hy³eY
© mn
‡hv‡M
ˆZ
wi
kã I
Giƒc
kã
hy³
evK
¨ ¯ú
ó
I ï×
fv‡e
ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.1
hy³eY
© mn
‡hv‡M
ˆZ
wi
kã
I
Abyiƒc
kã
hy³
evK
¨ ¯ú
ó
I ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
1.2
Kvi
wPý
nxb
I K
viwP
ýhy³
kã
ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.2
-1.
2
-1.
2
1.2
-
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
24
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
1.3
Aby‡i
va I
cÖkœ
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
1.3
Aby‡i
va
I cÖk
œ K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.3
Aby‡i
va
I cÖk
œ K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.
3
Aby‡i
va,
cÖkœ
I †N
vlYv
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
1.3
wb‡`
©k w`
‡Z
Ges
Ab
y‡iva
, cÖk
œ I †
NvlY
v K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.
Qo
v,
Kwe
Zv,
iƒcK
_v,
Mí,
K‡_
vcK
_b,
eY©bv
BZ
¨vw`
ey‡S
ej
‡Z c
viv|
2.1
cvV¨
I c
vV-
ewnf
©~Z
Qov
I K
weZ
v ¯ú
ófv
‡e
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.1
cvV¨
I
cvV-
ewnf
©~Z Q
ov I
Kwe
Zv
Ave„w
Ë K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.1
cvV¨
I
cvV-
ewnf
©~Z Q
ov I
Kwe
Zv
kÖeY‡
hvM¨
¯^‡i
Ave
„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.1
cvV¨
I
cvV-
ewnf
©~Z Q
ov I
Kwe
Zv m
wVK
Q‡
›` A
ve„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.1
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y I
Q›`
eRvq
†i‡
L K
weZ
v Av
e„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.2
-
2.2
Qov
I K
weZ
vi
welq
e¯‘ m
¤ú‡K
© ej‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
2.2
Qov I
Kwe
Zvi
g~j
welq
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|2.
2 K
weZ
v m¤
úwK©Z
cÖ‡
kœi
DËi
Ges
K
weZ
vi
g~jfv
e ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.2
Kwe
Zv
m¤úwK
©Z
cÖ‡kœi
DË
i G
es K
weZ
vi
g~jfv
e ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.3
Qwe
†`‡L
Mí
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.3
Qwe
†`‡L
Mí
ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
| 2.
3 Qw
e †`
‡L
Mí
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.3
-
2.3
-
2.4
Mí
m¤ú‡
K©
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
Mí m
¤ú‡K
© ej‡
Z
cvi‡
e|2.
4 Mí
I D
cK_v
i g~j
we
lq e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
Mí
I iƒc
K_v
i g~j
we
lq I
fve
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|2.
4 Mí
I
iƒcK
_vi
g~j w
elq
I fv
e ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.5
cwiP
qg~jK
K
‡_vc
K_‡
b As
k-MÖn
Y K
i‡Z
I e
Y©bv
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
AskM
ÖnY
Ki‡
Z
I we
wfbœ
welq
eY
©bv
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
AskM
ÖnY
Ki‡
Z
I mn
R we
lq e
Y©bv K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
AskM
ÖnY
Ki‡
Z I
wewf
bœ we
lq e
Y©bv
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
bvU‡
Ki
msjv
c ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e I
wbw`
©ó
welq
eY©b
v Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.6
cwiw
PZ
dzj,
d
j,
is,
cïc
vwL
BZ¨vw
`i b
vg e
j‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.6
cwiw
PZ d
zj, d
j,
is,
cïcv
wL,
MvQc
vjv,
b`x
BZ¨vw
` we
l‡q
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.6
cvwL
i eY
©bv K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e
Ges
mswk
ø ó c
Ökœ K
i‡Z
I
DËi
w`‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.6
-
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
25
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
2.7
evsj
v ev
i gv
m I
Qq F
Zzi
bvg
I G
m¤
ú‡K
© ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.7
-2.
7 ev
sjv‡`
‡ki
cÖvK
…wZK
ˆe
wPΨ
m¤
ú‡K
© ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.8
GK
†_‡
K G
K k
ch
©šÍ MY
bvev
PK
kã
ï×fv
‡e e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.8
cÖ_g
†_‡K
`kg
ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
kã
ï×fv
‡e e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.8
cÖ_g
†_‡K
wes
k ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
I G
K †
_‡K
`k
ch
©šÍ Z
vwiLe
vPK
kã
ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.
mn
cvVx
I
Ab¨‡
`i m
‡½ c
ÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y K
_v e
j‡Z
cv
iv|
3.1
cÖwgZ
Pw
jZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
K_v
ej
v Ab
ykxjb
K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.1
cÖwgZ
Pw
jZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
K_v
ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.1
†kªw
YK
‡¶
wb‡R
i I
mncv
Vx‡`
i cw
iPq
cÖwgZ
Pw
jZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.1
cÖwgZ
Pw
jZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
Rvb
v we
lqe¯
‘ eyw
S‡q
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.1
cÖwgZ
Pw
jZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
mK‡j
i m‡
½
K_v
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.1
m¤§vb
m~PK
m‡
¤^vab
K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.2
m¤§vb
m~PK
m¤¢v
lY
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|3.
2 we
b‡qi
mv
‡_
m‡¤^v
ab
K‡i
Ab
ygwZ
Pv
B‡Z
I
K_v
ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.2
m¤§vb
cÖ`
k©b
K‡i
we
b‡qi
m‡½
cÖwg
Z P
wjZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y K
_v e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.2
Avbyô
vwbK
I A
b-vb
yôvwb
K
cwi‡
e‡k
†gŠwL
K
Av`e
-K
vq`v
mn
K_v
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
4.
we
wf
bœ
wel‡
q gZ
vgZ
cÖ`v
b I
Abyf~w
Z
e¨³
K
i‡Z
cvi
v|
4.1
mnR
we
l‡q
Abyf~w
Z e
¨³ K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
4.1
†kÖwY
K‡¶
cw
VZ
welq
m¤
ú‡K
© wb
‡Ri
Abyf~w
Z
e¨³
K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
4.1
†`Lv
NUb
v m¤ú
‡K©
K_v
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|4.
1 †`
Lv
NUbv
i we
l‡q
Awfe
¨w³mn
gZ
cÖK
vk
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
4.1
wewf
bœ we
l‡q
Abyf~w
Z
I gZ
cÖK
vk
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
fvlv
`¶Z
v : c
ov
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
26
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
1.
¯ú
ó,
ï×
I cÖw
gZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
mvej
xjfv
‡e
co‡Z
cv
iv|
1.1
evsj
v eY
©gvjv
co
‡Z c
vi‡e
| 1
.1
- 1
.1
-
1.1
-
1.1
-
1.2
e‡Y©i
m‡
½
Kvi
wPý
hy³
K
‡i
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.2
-
1.2
-1.
2
-1.
2
-
1.3
wbe©v
wPZ
K
‡qK
wU
hy³e¨
Äb
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.3
hy³e¨
Äb
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.3
hy³e¨
Äb
¯úó
I
ï×
D”Pv
i‡Y
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.3
hy³e¨
Äb-
msew
jZ k
ã
I ev
K¨
ï×fv
‡e
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.3
cv‡V
I
mggv
‡bi
eB‡q
e¨e
üZ h
y³e¨
Äb-
msew
jZ
kã
I ev
K¨
ky×fv
‡e c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.4
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
eB‡q
i kã
I e
vK¨
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.4
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
eB‡q
i kã
I
evK
¨ cÖw
gZ D
”Pvi
‡Y
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.4
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
eB‡q
i kã
I
evK
¨ kªe
Y‡hv
M¨ ¯
^‡i I
cÖw
gZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.4
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I m
ggv‡b
i eB
‡qi
kã
I ev
K¨
kªeY‡
hvM¨
¯ú
ó
¯^‡i
I cÖw
gZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
h_vm
¤¢e
¯^vfv
weK
Mw
Z‡Z
co
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
1.4
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
eB‡q
i cv
V kÖe
Y‡hv
M¨
¯úó
¯^‡
i I
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y mv
ejxj
fv‡e
co
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
1.5
`uvwo
we
ivg-
wPý
wU
wP‡b
ev
K¨
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.5
`uvwo
, cÖk
œ‡eva
K,
Kgv
we
ivgw
Pý
wP‡b
ev
K¨ c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.5
wewf
bœ we
ivgw
Pý
wP‡b
¯^v
fvwe
Kfv
‡e
evK
¨ I
PiY
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.5
weiv
gwPý
†`
‡L
mvej
xjfv
‡e
¯ÍeK
I
Aby‡”Q
` co
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.5
weiv
gwPý
†`
‡L
A_©hw
Z I
k¦vm
hwZ
eR
vq
†i‡L
¯Íe
K
I Ab
y‡”Q`
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
27
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
2.
Qov,
Kwe
Zv,
iƒcK
_v,
Mí,
K‡_
vcK
_b,
eY©bv
BZ
¨vw`
c‡o
g~jfv
e eyS
‡Z c
viv|
2.1
mnR
Qo
v K
weZ
v co
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.1
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y Qo
v I
Kwe
Zv
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.1
cÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
Qo
v I
Kwe
Zv
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.1
Q›`
wVK
†i
‡L
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y,
¯^vfv
weK
Mw
Z‡Z
Qov
I K
weZ
v co‡
Z
cvi‡
e I
g~jfv
e eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.1
cvV¨
eB
I mg
gv‡b
i eB
‡qi
Qov
I K
weZ
v c‡
o g~j
fve
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.2
-2.
2 cÖw
gZ
D”Pv
i‡Y
Qov
I K
weZ
v A
ve„wË
K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.2
cÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
Qo
v I
Kwe
Zv
Ave„w
Ë
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.2
Qov
I K
weZ
v mw
VK
Q‡›`
, ¯^i
fw½
‡Z,
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y, ¯
^vfvwe
K M
wZ‡Z
Av
e„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.2
cvV¨
eB
I mg
gv‡b
i eB
‡qi
Qov
I K
weZ
v mv
ejxj
fv‡e
Av
e„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.3
-2.
3
-
2.3
-2.
3
-
2.3
-
2.4
MíK
_v
c‡o
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
MíK
_v I
iƒcK
_v
c‡o
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
MíK
_v I
DcK
_v
c‡o
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
MíK
_v I
iƒcK
_v c
‡o
welq
I f
ve e
yS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
MíK
_v
I iƒc
K_v
c‡
o g~j
we
lq
I fv
e eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
c‡o
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
cÖwgZ
D”
Pvi‡
Y c‡
o eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
c‡o
welq
I f
ve e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.5
bvU‡
Ki
msjv
c I
wbw`
©ó we
l‡qi
eY©b
v c‡o
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.7
mvZ
w`
‡bi
bvg
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.7
evsj
v ev
i gv
m I
Qq F
Zzi
bvg
co‡Z
I
welq
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.7
-
2.7
evsj
v‡`‡k
i cÖv
K…wZ
K
ˆewP
Ψ w
el‡q
eY©b
v eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
2.7
evsj
v‡`‡k
i cÖv
K…
wZK
ˆew
PΨ
wel‡
q eY
©bv
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
28
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
2.8
GK
†_‡
K we
k ch
©šÍ
MYbv
evPK
kã
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.8
GK
†_
‡K G
K
k ch
©šÍ MY
bvev
PK k
ã
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.8
cÖ_g
†_‡K
`kg
ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
kã
co
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
2.8
cÖ_g
†_‡K
wes
k ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K I
GK
†_‡K
`k
ch©šÍ
Zvwi
LevP
K k
ã c
o‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.8
cv‡V
I A
b¨vb
¨ iP-
bvq
e¨e
üZ m
sL¨ve
vPK
kã
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3. n
v‡Zi
†jLv
I
gyw`ªZ
†j
Lv
co‡Z
cv
iv|
3.1
wb‡R
i †j
Lv
eY©,
kã
I ev
K¨
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.1
wb‡R
i I
A‡b¨
i †j
Lv k
ã I
evK
¨ co‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
3.1
wb‡R
i I
A‡b¨
i †j
Lv
Aby‡”Q
` co
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
3.1
wb‡R
i I
A‡b¨
i †j
Lv
wPwV
cÎ
I `i
Lv¯Í
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.1
wb‡R
i I
A‡b¨
i †j
Lv w
PwVc
Î, `
iLv¯
Í I
dig
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.2
-
3.2
-
3.2
wewf
bœ ai
‡bi
mnR
ms
‡KZ
/wb‡`
©k,
e¨w³
I
cÖwZ
ôv‡b
i bv
gdjK
co
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.2
wewf
bœ ai
‡bi
mnR
ms
‡KZ
/wb‡`
©k,
e¨w³
I
cÖwZ
ôv‡b
i bv
g-d
jK,
weÁ
vcb,
†`q
vjcÎ
, cÖP
vicÎ
BZ
¨vw`
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.2
wewf
bœ ai
‡bi
mnR
ms
‡KZ
/wb‡`
©k,
e¨w³
I
cÖwZ
ôv‡b
i bv
gdjK
,
weÁ
vcb,
†`
qvjc
Î,
cÖPvi
cÎ
BZ¨vw
` co
‡Z I
eyS
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
3.3
cvV¨
cy͇K
i m
gg
vbm
¤ú
bœ
wkï‡
Zvl
eB
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.3
cvV¨
cy¯Í‡K
i mg
gvbm
¤úbœ
wkï‡
Zvl
eB
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.3
cvV
¨cy¯
͇Ki
mggv
bm¤ú
bœ wk
ï‡Z
vl
I Ab
¨vb¨
eB
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.3
cvV
¨cy¯
͇K
i mg
gvbm
¤úbœ
wkï
‡Zvl
I
Ab¨vb
¨ eB
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
cvV
¨cy¯
͇K
i mg
gvbm
¤úbœ
wkï‡
Zvl
eB
I
cÎ-
cwÎK
vi
wkï‡
`i c
vZv c
‡o e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
fvlv
`¶Z
v : †
jLv
1.
¯úó
, cw
i”Qb
œ I
ï×fv
‡e w
jL‡Z
cv
iv|
1.1
¯úó
I m
wVK
Av
K…wZ
‡Z
evs-
jv
eY©gv
jv
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
1.1
-
1.1
-
1.1
-
1.1
-
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
29
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
1.2
Kvi
wPý
mwV
K
AvK
…wZ‡Z
wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.2
-
1.2
-
1.2
-
1.2
-
1.3
Kvi
wPý
nxb
I K
viwP
ýhy³
eY©-
mn
‡hv‡M
kã
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.3
1.4
1.4
hy³e¨
Äb
e¨en
vi K
‡i
bZzb
bZzb
kã M
Vb K
‡i
ev‡K
¨ cÖ‡q
vM K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.4
hy³e¨
Äb
e¨en
vi
K‡i
bZ
zb bZ
zb kã
MVb
K
‡i e
v‡K¨
cÖ‡qv
M K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.4
wbe©v
wPZ
hy³
e¨Ä
b †f
‡O
wjL‡
Z I
hy³
e¨Ä
b mn
‡hv‡M
kã
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.4
hy³e¨
Äb
e¨en
vi
K‡i
kã
wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.4
hy³e¨
Äb
e¨en
vi
K‡i
kã
MVb
Ki‡
Z
I ev
‡K¨
cÖ‡qv
M K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.5
cvV
I cv
V-ew
nf©~Z
kã
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
bZ
zb bZ
zb ev
K¨ w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.5
cvV
I cv
V-ew
nf©~Z
kã
e¨
envi
K
‡i
bZzb
bZzb
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
1.5
cvV¨
cy͇K
i kã
I e
vK¨
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
1.5
cv‡V
e¨e
üZ k
ã
w`‡q
ev
K¨
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
1.5
cv‡V
e¨e
üZ k
ã
e¨en
vi K
‡i b
Zzb
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e
1.5
-1.
5
-
1.6
weiv
gwPý
-
`uv
wo
e¨en
vi
K‡i
ev
K¨
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
1.6
weiv
gwPý
- `
uvwo,
Kgv
I c
Ökœ‡ev
aK
wPý
e¨
envi
K
‡i
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.6
cvV¨
cy¯Í‡K
e¨e
üZ
weiv
gwPý
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
ev
K¨
I Pi
Y wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.6
cv‡V
e¨e
üZ we
ivgw
Pý
e¨en
vi K
‡i e
vK¨
I Pi
Y wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.6
weiv
gwPý
e¨
envi
K
‡i e
vK¨
I Pi
Y wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
1.7
GK
†_‡
K we
k ch
©šÍ MY
bvev
PK k
ã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
1.7
GK
†_‡
K G
K k
ch
©šÍ MY
bvev
PK
kã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
1.7
cÖ_g
†_‡K
`kg
ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
kã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
1.7
GK
†_‡
K `
k ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
Ges
G
K
†_‡K
`k
ch
©šÍ Z
vwiLe
vPK
kã
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
1.7
cv‡V
I A
b¨vb
¨ iP-
bvq
e¨eü
Z
msL¨
vevP
K
kã wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
30
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
1.8
msw¶
ß kÖæZ
wjwc
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|1.
8 cv
V I
cvV-
ewnf
©~Z
kÖæZwj
wc wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.
Qo
v,
Kwe
Zv,
iƒcK
_v,
Mí,
K‡_
vcK
_b,
eY©bv
BZ
¨vw`i
we
lqe¯
‘ I
g~jfv
e ey‡
S wj
L‡Z
cvi
v|
2.1
-
2.
1
cvV
¨cy¯
͇Ki
Qov
I K
weZ
v wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.1
cvV
¨cy¯
͇Ki
Qov
I K
weZ
v wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.1
cvV¨
cy¯Í‡K
i Qo
v I
Kwe
Zv w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.1
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
Qov
I K
weZ
v wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.2
wb‡R
i
I wc
Zvg
vZvi
bv
g wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.2
wb‡R
i I
we`¨
vj‡q
i bv
g-wV
Kvb
v wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.2
-2.
2
-2.
2
-
2.3
Qov,
Kwe
Zv,
Mí
BZ¨vw
` †_
‡K
mnR
kã
I e
vK¨
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.3
Qov,
Kwe
Zv,
Mí,
K‡_
vcK
_b
I eY
©bv
m¤ú‡
K© wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.3
Qov,
Kwe
Zv,
DcK
_v,
Mí,
K‡_
vcK
_b,
eY©bv
BZ
¨vw`
wel‡
q ï×
fv‡e
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
2.3
Qo
v, K
weZ
v, iƒc
K_v
, Mí
, K
‡_vc
K_b
, eY
©bv
BZ¨vw
` we
l‡q
ï×fv
‡e w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.3
Qo
v, K
weZ
v, iƒc
K_v
, Mí
, K
‡_vc
K_b
, eY
©bv
BZ¨vw
` we
l‡qi
g~j
fve
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
2.4
cwiw
PZ
dzj,
d
j,
is,
cïcv
wL
BZ¨vw
`i
bvg
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.4
cwiw
PZ d
zj, d
j,
is,
cïcv
wL,
MvQc
vjv,
b`x
BZ¨vw
` m¤
ú‡K
© wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.4
cvwL
i eY
©bv
I ms
wkø ó
cÖ‡
kœi
DËi
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.4
-2.
4
-
2.5
mvZ
w`
‡bi
bvg
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|2.
5 ev
sjv
evi
gvm
I Qq
F
Zzi
bvg
I cv
Vmswk
ø ó c
Ö‡kœi
DËi
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.5
-2.
5 ev
sjv‡`
‡ki
cÖvK
…wZK
ˆe
wPΨ
welq
K e
Y©bv w
jL‡Z
cv
i‡e|
2.5
evsj
v‡`‡k
i cÖv
K…wZ
K
ˆewP
Ψ w
elqK
eY©b
v I
cÖ‡kœv
Ëi
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv (evsjv) I DcKiY cwiwPwZ
31
welq
wfwË
K
cÖvwš
ÍK
†hvM
¨Zv
†kªwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÖ_g
†kªwY
wØZ
xq †
kªwY
Z…Z
xq †
kªwY
PZz_©
†kªwY
cÂg
†kªwY
2.6
GK
†_‡
K we
k ch
©šÍ
MYbv
evPK
kã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.6
GK
†_
‡K G
K
k ch
©šÍ MY
bvev
PK k
ã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
2.6
cÖ_g
†_‡K
`kg
ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
msL¨
v wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.6
cÖ_g
†_‡K
wes
k ch
©šÍ µ
gevP
K
msL¨
v I
GK
†_
‡K `
k ch
©šÍ Z
vwiLe
vPK
ms
L¨v w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
2.6
cv‡V
I A
b¨vb
¨ iP-
bvq
e¨eü
Z
msL¨
vevP
K
kã wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.
ch©
‡e¶
Y,
AwfÁ
Zv I
g‡b
vfve
BZ
¨vw`
ï×
I ¯ú
ófv
‡e
wb‡R
i fv
lvq
wj‡L
cÖK
vk
Ki‡
Z c
viv|
3.1
Qwe
†`‡
L kã
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.1
Qw
e †`
‡L
`„ó
welq
wb
‡Ri
fvlv
q wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.1
Qwe
‡Z †
`Lv N
Ubv
mnR
eY
©bvq
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
3.1
Qw
e †`
‡L `
„ó we
l‡q
Aby‡”Q
` wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.1
Qwe
†`‡L
`„ó
we
l‡q
iPbv
wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
3.2
-
3.2
-
3.2
†`Lv
NUb
v wj
‡L
cÖKvk
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|3.
2 cw
iwPZ
cw
i‡ek
I
Avb›
``vq
K A
wfÁ
Zvi
K_v
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.2
Awfg
Zmn
cwi
wPZ
cw
i‡ek
I
AwfÁ
Zvi
we
eiY
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.3
-
3.3
-
3.3
-3.
3 mn
R w
el‡q
Aby‡
”Q`
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
| 3.
3
mnR
fv
lvq
iPbv
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.4
-
3.4
-
3.4
-3.
4
-3.
4 †h
‡Kv‡b
v we
l‡q
wb‡R
i g‡
bvfv
e wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
4.
mva
viY
wPwV
, `i
Lv¯Í
wjL‡
Z
cviv
Ges
dig
c~iY
K
i‡Z
cvi
v|
4.1
-
4.1
-
4.2
-
4.1
-
4.
1
mnR
fvl
vq w
PwV
I `i
Lv¯Í
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
| 4.
1 mn
R
fvlv
q wP
wV,
`iLv
¯Í wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
4.2
-
4.2
mn
R
dig
c~i
Y K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
4.2
-
4.2
dig
c~iY
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
w`b
1
32
w`b
2Awa‡ekb 2
cÖ_gÑcÂg †kÖwYi evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³ welqe¯‘cÖ_g †kÖwY wØZxq †kÖwY Z…Zxq †kÖwY PZz_©
†kÖwY
cÂg
†kÖwY
welq c„ôv b¤^i welq c„ôv b¤^i
welq c„ôv b¤^i
• eY© wkwL/¯^ieY© 11Ñ17 ÑÑ •
• eY© wkwL/e¨ÄbeY© 20Ñ29Ñ •
32Ñ38 40Ñ41 Ñ •
• Qwe †`wL, kã ewj I wjwL
11, 31, 43
• KviwPý w`‡q kã ˆZwi
44Ñ 54Ñ •
• hy³eY© †f‡½ hy³eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi
62Ñ71Ñ
• KweZv (6wU)
• Mí (3wU)
ÑÑ• Z_¨wfwËK
†jLv
Ñ• Qwei Mí
• eY©bvg~jK (1wU)
• bvwUKv (1wU)
• Rxeb Kvwnwb (1)
• ågY Kvwnwb (1)
• gyw³hy× wfwËK †jLv
7 , 1 4 , 2 6 , 3 5 , 4 3 , 59
2 , 1 7 , 30
52
2Ñ4
65
10
39
62
• Mí (2wU)
• Z_¨wfwËK (5wU)
• bvwUKv (1wU)
• Rxebx (1wU)
• ågY Kvwnwb (1)
• DcK_v (1wU)
• gyw³hy× wfwËK (1)
6, 11, 27, 52, 64, 72, 79, 96, 37, 67
1, 18, 56, 93, 99
29
76
87
8
46
• Qov (4wU) 5, 18, 30, 39,
65
• KweZv 42, 56, 70
• Mí 58, 59, 61, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71
• Qwe wb‡q K_v
• WvqvjM
• Z_¨wfwËK †jLv
• k‡ãi †Ljv
• Qwei Mí
w`b
1
33
w`b
2Awa‡ekb 3
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzj&m cwiwPwZ• cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbvi gva¨‡g, wkïi wkLb¯Íi wPwýZ K‡i, cÖwZwU wkï‡K Zvi wkLbwfwËK
¯Íi Abyhvqx mnvqZv †`Iqv Avgv‡`i D‡Ïk¨| cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkï‡`i evsjvi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQz †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm Ges Uzj‡mi Ici wfwË K‡i g~j¨vqb dj msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb di‡gU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡gU e¨envi K‡i wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i g~j¨vqb Z_¨ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U msiÿY K‡ib| GB †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi c¨v‡KRwU‡Z Av‡QÑ
1. g~j¨vqb Uzj&&m (cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi cvV¨eB ev cvV¨eB Gi cvV¨vsk, cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi mggv‡bi eB);
2. g~j¨vqb djvdj †iKW© ivLvi Rb¨ di‡gU;
3. †kÖwYwfwËK/we`¨vjq wfwËK g~j¨vqb djvdj we‡kølY I †iKW© ivLvi Rb¨ di‡gU|
fxwZnxb cwi‡e‡k wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨, g~j¨vq‡bi c~‡e© wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x †kÖwYK‡ÿ we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq Ki‡eb| cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi GKK (One to One approach) g~j¨vqb wkÿv_©xi cÖK…Z cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e| wkÿK G‡K G‡K cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb (One to One approach) Ges g~j¨vqb djvdj di‡gU-1-G wjwce× Ki‡eb|
evsjv wel‡qi †emjvBb cwiPvjbvi GKwU bgybv
• mygx 3q †kÖwYi GKRb wkÿv_©x| Zvi †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g 3q †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m †_‡K co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• hw` †m wb‡R wb‡RB wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov wba©vwiZ cvV `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e †m 3q †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK|
• Avi hw` †`Lv hvq, †m †Kv_vI †Kv_vI co‡Z wM‡q AvU‡K hv‡”Q A_ev hy³eY© msewjZ kã ev AcwiwPZ kã covi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡”Q Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e GB wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ c‡o|
• G‡ÿ‡Î D³ wkÿv_©x‡K 2q †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| hw` †m wkÿ‡Ki †Kv‡bv iKg mvnvh¨ Qvov `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e GB wkÿv_©x 2q †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK|
• Avi hw` †`Lv hvq wkïwU 2q †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m wb‡R co‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Zv‡K wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡Z n‡”Q ZLb Zv‡K 1g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• hw` †m 1g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m wb‡R `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †m 1g †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK| Avi hw` †`Lv hvq, †m 1g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzj&m co‡Z cvi‡Q bv Z‡e Zv‡K eY© KvW© I KviwPý KvW© w`‡q †`L‡Z n‡e †m eY©/KviwPý¸‡jv wPb‡Z I co‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv| hw` bv cv‡i Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e †m covi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wkÿ‡Ki Ici wbf©ikxj| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki cvkvcvwk wcÖ›U Kiv g~j¨vqb Uzj&m e¨envi Ki‡eb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
34
• Gfv‡eB Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g GKRb wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| A_©vr wkïwU cv‡Vi †Kvb Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges G‡ÿ‡Î wkïi cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i GKwU N‡i wUK wPý †`‡eb, hv‡Z wkï‡K Zvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K cieZ©x DbœZ Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : †emjvBb g~j¨vqb PjvKv‡j wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x †kÖwYi wba©vwiZ †Kvb GKwU RvqMvq GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K †W‡K g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡e Z‡e †kÖwY wkÿK G mgq Zvi wba©vwiZ †kÖwY Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡eb| †kÖwY Kvh©µg wewNœZ nq G iKg †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv hv‡e bv| Z‡e †kÖwY wkÿK †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv †`‡eb|
Z…Zxq †kÖwYi b¨vq PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwY‡Z GKBfv‡e g~j¨vqb Uzj&m e¨envi K‡i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| PZy_© †kÖwY evsjv wel‡q g~j¨vqb Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡g PZy_© †kÖwYi wba©vwiZ cvV Ges Zv bv cvi‡j ch©vqµ‡g Z…Zxq, wØZxq I cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV co‡Z w`‡q D³ wkÿv_©xi Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wb‡P evsjv wel‡q cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z„Zxq I PZy_© †kÖwYi cvVcy ÍK (mggv‡bi cy¯ÍK) AbymiY K‡i wKQz bgybv Uzj&m ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ Uzj&m e¨envi K‡i A_ev wb‡RivB Uzj&m ˆZwi K‡i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
evsjv †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyj‡mi bgybv
cÖ_g †kÖwY
D F I N S X Yh i f m _ d j
w y ˆ † v v † Š ~ † x
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzj&m cwiwPwZ
35
wØZxq †kÖwY
iæwei GKwU evMvb Av‡Q| †mLv‡b bvbv iKg dz‡ji MvQ| GKw`‡K jvj †Mvjv‡ci mvwi| Av‡iK w`‡K njy` Muv`vi MvQ| Zvi cv‡k Av‡Q Rev dz‡ji †Svc| Revi is jvj| evMv‡bi Pvi †eov †XvjKjwg Mv‡Qi| Zv‡Z †e¸wb dzj †dv‡U evMv‡b iRvi cv‡k ywU wkDwj MvQ| mv`v wkDwj †dv‡U| †euvUv Kgjv i‡Oi|Mv‡Qi Zjvq meyR Nvm|
Po–B †Wvevq evRvB †gŠgvwQ Iobv Uvqiv Avg UMi †fjv NyOzi im kmv dziæZ
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
36
GK e‡b wQj GK KvVz‡i| †m wQj Lye Mwie| †m †ivR KvV †K‡U evRv‡i †ePZ| Zv w`‡q †m Pvj-Wvj wKbZ| †Kv‡bvfv‡e †L‡q-c‡i `yt‡L Zvi w`b KvUZ| GKw`b †m KvV KvU‡Z †Mj b`xi av‡i| †m Mv‡Qi GKUv Wvj KvUwQj| nVvr Zvi nvZ dm‡K †Mj| KzovjwU c‡o †Mj b`xi cvwb‡Z| b`x‡Z A‡bK †¯ªvZ| ZvQvov wQj Kzwg‡ii fq| ZvB †m b`x‡Z †b‡g Kzovj LuyR‡Z cvij bv| Kzovj †Kbvi UvKvI wQj bv| ZvB g‡bi `yt‡L †m Kuv`‡Z jvMj|
†cvnv‡bv my›`i VvÛv wgwó ivbœvNi gvwS Dbyb gRv`vi weL¨vZ evRbv SuvKov wPoj my‡ijv
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzj&m cwiwPwZ
37
Z…Zxq †kÖwY
eywoM½vi `yÕcv‡oi `„k¨ †`‡L †`‡L Avgiv GwM‡q PjwQ| Zvi GK mgq G‡jv gywÝMÄ| †`Lv †M‡jv a‡jk¦ix b`xi †gvnbv| Zvi ci Av‡iv GKUz GwM‡q †`Lv †Mj bvivqYMÄ| †cuŠ‡Q †Mjvg kxZjÿ¨v b`xi †gvnbvq| `yÕcv‡ki kn‡ii †Kvjvnj Qvwo‡q w÷gvi GK-mgq †gNbv b`x‡Z coj| `yÕZx‡ii `„‡k¨ Avgv‡`i †PvL Rywo‡q †Mj| GKw`‡K k¨vgj k‡m¨i we¯ÍxY© gvV| Av‡iKw`‡K `~‡i Nb Nb MvQcvjvq †Niv MÖvg| gvSLv‡b b`xi wecyj Rjaviv| †m GK
g‡bvig `„k¨|
gyw³hy× eªZPvix eiK›`vR wnZvwnZ eywoM½v †PŠiv¯Ív Rjvavi †nuvPU we¯ÍxY© cvVkvjv
PZz_© †kÖwY
†m A‡bK Kvj Av‡Mi K_v| iscy‡ii cvqive›` MÖvg| †mB MÖv‡gB cvqivi cvj‡Ki g‡Zv †Kvgj g‡bi GK wkïi Rb¥ n‡jv| bvg Zvi †iv‡Kqv| †iv‡Kqvi `yB †evb Avi `yB fvB| evev Rwg`vi| wKš‘ †mB Rwg`vwi ZLb cowZi w`‡K| Z‡e e‡bw` VvU, nvjPvj, meB Av‡Q| †iv‡Kqvi mKv‡j Nyg fv‡O NyNyi Wv‡K| KL‡bv †eŠ K_v KI cvwLi K_vq gbUv Lywk‡Z f‡i I‡V, KL‡bv welYœ|
Bj‡k¸uwo gylj evsKvi µwjs cÖmv` †fvRbmicywiqv ivewo e‡b`x AKz‡Zvfq mšÍc©‡Y
38
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
2
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvfxwZnxb cwi‡e‡k wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨, g~j¨vq‡bi c~‡e© wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb| cÖwZwU wkïi GKK (One to One approach) g~j¨vqb wkïi cÖK…Z cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e| wkÿK G‡K G‡K cÖwZwU wkïi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb (One to One approach) Ges g~j¨vqb djvdj di‡gU- 1G wjwce× Ki‡eb|
c×wZ :
• mygx Z…Zxq †kÖwYi GKRb wkÿv_©x| Zvi †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Z…Zxq †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm †_‡K co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• hw` †m wb‡R wb‡RB wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e †m Z…Zxq †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK|
• Avi hw` †`Lv hvq, †m †Kv_vI †Kv_vI co‡Z wM‡q AvU‡K hv‡”Q A_ev hy³eY© m¤^wjZ kã ev AcwiwPZ kã covi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡”Q Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e GB wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ c‡o|
• G‡ÿ‡Î D³ wkÿv_©x‡K wØZxq †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| hw` †m wkÿ‡Ki †Kv‡bv iKg mvnvh¨ Qvov `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e GB wkÿv_©x wØZxq †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK|
• Avi hw` †`Lv hvq wkïwU wØZxq †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm wb‡R co‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Zv‡K wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡Z n‡”Q ZLb Zv‡K cÖ_g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• hw` †m cÖ_g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm wb‡R `ªæZ co‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †m cÖ_g †kÖwYi ch©v‡q mvejxj cvVK| Avi hw` †`Lv hvq, †m cÖ_g †kÖwYi g~j¨vqb Uzjm co‡Z cvi‡Q bv Z‡e Zv‡K eY© KvW© I KviwPý KvW© w`‡q †`L‡Z n‡e †m eY©/wPý¸‡jv wPb‡Z I co‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv| hw` bv cv‡i Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e †m covi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wkÿ‡Ki Ici wbf©ikxj| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki cvkvcvwk wcÖ›U Kiv g~j¨vqb Uzjm e¨envi Ki‡eb|
• Gfv‡eB Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g GKRb wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| A_©vr wkïwU cv‡Vi †Kvb Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges G‡ÿ‡Î wkïi cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i GKwU N‡i wUK wPý †`‡eb, hv‡Z wkï‡K Zvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K cieZ©x DbœZ Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
we‡kl `ªóe¨: g~j¨vqb PjvKvjxb mg‡q Ab¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i †jLv ev Qwe AuvKvi KvR w`‡q e¨¯Í ivL‡Z n‡e|
w`b
1
39
w`b
2Awa‡ekb 3
cÖv_w
gK wk
ÿv e
vsjv w
el‡q
i †e
mjvB
b g~j
¨vq‡b
i Z
_¨ m
sMªn
QK¯‹
z‡ji
bvg:
wk
ÿ‡K
i bv
g :
g~j¨vq
bKvi
xi b
vg :
Z
vwiL
:
†h
†h
Kvi
wP
ý
†P‡b
bv
†h †
h eY
© †P
‡b
bv
cÂg
†kÖwY
wKQz
kã c
o‡Z
cv
‡i
evbv
bK
i‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
Kmv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z c
v‡i
mvej
xj
fv‡e
co
‡Z
cv‡i
PZz_©
†kÖwY
wKQz
kã
co‡Z
cv
‡i
evbv
bK
i‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
Kmv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z
cv‡i
mvej
xj
fv‡e
co
‡Z
cv‡i
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
wKQz
kã
co‡Z
cv
‡i
evbv
bK
i‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
Kmv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z
cv‡i
mvej
xj
fv‡e
c
o‡Z
cv
‡i
wØZ
xq †
kÖwY
wKQz
kã
co‡Z
cv
‡i
evbv
bK
i‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
Kmv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z
cv‡i
mvej
xj
fv‡e
co
‡Z
cv‡i
cÖ_g
†kÖwY
wKQz
kã
co‡Z
cv
‡i
evbv
bK
i‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
Kmv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z
cv‡i
mvej
xj
fv‡e
co‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g†i
vj
b¤^i 1 2 3 4
w`b
1
40
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvmKj wkï mgvb bq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkï Ab¨ GKwU wkï †_‡K Avjv`v| †kLvi †ÿ‡Î wkï‡`i †hgb wfbœZv i‡q‡Q, G‡`i eyw×e„wËK/eyw×MZ mvg‡_©¨iI ZviZg¨ i‡q‡Q| ZvB wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ GKBfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j mKj wkïi wkLb mgvbfv‡e nq bv| †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î djcÖm~Zv Avb‡Z n‡j GKB †kÖwY‡Z cÖwZwU wkïi wkL‡bi Ae¯’vb I wkL‡bi mvg‡_©¨i Ae¯’v Rvbv wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb GKwU AZ¨vek¨K KiYxq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î Ges wkÿv_©xi avivevwnK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GwU GKwU cwiKwíZ e¨e¯’v|
evsjv wel‡q †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
• †kÖwYwfwËK †hvM¨Zvi wbwi‡L wkÿv_©xi Ae¯’v Rvbv ;
• wkïi co‡Z †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †KŠkj wba©viY/cwieZ©‡bi aviYv cvIqv ;
• wkïi wkL‡b †Kvb ai‡bi mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv ;
• wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b mnvqZv cvIqv ;
• g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e †emjvBb wbY©q ;
• wkLb †kLv‡bvi h_v_©Zv/djcÖm~Zv hvPvB Kiv| BZ¨vw`
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm ˆZwi
cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg †hvM¨ZvwfwËK| Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg| Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg †_‡K †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ welqwfwËK wfbœ wfbœ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wel‡q †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv hvPvB‡qi Dc‡hvMx DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g (cÖ‡kœvˇi ej‡Z, wjL‡Z, co‡Z ev Ki‡Z w`‡q) cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb¯Íi wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU wkïi Rb¨ welq I †kÖwYwfwËK wfbœ wfbœ wkLb ¯ÍiI wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ Uzjm Zwi K‡i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb : cÖ_g †kÖwYi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm n‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii †kÖwYi wfwˇZ (AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv/wkLbdj)| A_©vr cÖwZ †kÖwYi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb Uzjm c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi wkLb d‡ji Av‡jv‡K ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K mivmwi †U·U e¨envi bv K‡i wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K Abyiƒc DcKiY ˆZwi K‡i e¨envi Kiv †kÖq| eY©KvW©, AÿiKvW©©, kãKvW©, Qwe BZ¨vw` DcKiY wkÿv_xi ¯Íi wbiƒc‡Y mnvqZv K‡i| G Rb¨ wkÿK‡KB †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ DcKiY wbe©vPb, evQvB ev msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv, wkÿv_©xi †h Amxg ¯§„wZkw³ i‡q‡Q, A‡bKvs‡k GwU e¨envi K‡i †m A‡bK wKQz ûeû co‡Z, ej‡Z I kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
w`b
3Awa‡ekb 1
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv
41
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm e¨env‡ii mvaviY wb‡`©kvewj
• cÖwZwU wkïi m‡½ Avjv`vfv‡e e‡m Uzjm e¨envi K‡i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Kiv ;
• evsjv wel‡qi †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~‡ni (cÖkœgvjv, eY©KvW©, PvU© BZ¨vw`) e¨envi ;
• fqfxwZnxb cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv;
• wkï‡`i Dc‡hvMx mnR fvlvq cÖkœ (DcKiY) ˆZwi;
• cÖwZwU c‡`i (AvB‡Ug) Ici c„_K cÖkœ Kiv ;
• DËi mwVK n‡j (√) wPý Ges fzj n‡j (×) wPý e¨envi Kiv [ we‡kl K‡i Ôm¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡iÕ kxl©K Kjv‡gi wbw`©óGKwU N‡i wUK w`‡Z n‡e ]|
evsjv wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• wkÿK‡K †kÖwYK‡ÿ ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i wm‡jevmwfwËK Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ ivL‡Z n‡e| A_©vr †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi mgq †kÖwYKv‡R †Kv‡bviƒc weNœ NUv‡bv hv‡e bv|
• Pvi/QqRb‡K `‡j ewm‡q c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi Dc‡hvMx cv‡Vi kã wjL‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkÿK wkÿv_©xi †jLvi gvb †_‡KB Zvi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
• Gici G‡KK Rb‡K †W‡K wkÿKÑ
1. cÖ_‡g Zvi Dc‡hvMx eB †_‡K wiwWs co‡Z †`‡eb
2. †mUv co‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi wb‡Pi †kÖwYi eB ‡_‡K †Kv‡bv Ask co‡Z †`‡eb
3. eBwUi D³ Ask co‡Z bv cvi‡j H eBwU †_‡K wPwýZ kã wPb‡Z I ej‡Z †`‡eb
4. †mUvI bv cvi‡j ch©vqµ‡g wkÿv_©x eY© †P‡b wK bv Zv hvPvB Ki‡eb
• †kÖwYK‡ÿi †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó RvqMvq wkÿK †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ GKRb K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K G‡b QK Abyhvqx g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb ;
• g~j¨vqbK…Z Z_¨/djvdj h_vh_fv‡e Q‡K wjwce× Ki‡eb Ges me‡k‡l
• wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i evsjv wel‡qi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvb‡eb Ges mvi-ms‡ÿc ˆZwi Ki‡eb|
†emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi ci KiYxq
• †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x‡`i `‡j fvM Kiv;
• `‡ji Rb¨ KvR wba©viY Kiv;
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Ggb ch©v‡q DbœxZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv †hb wkÿv_©xiv c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi NvUwZ c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i;
• Rvbyqvwi †_‡K cieZ©x wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨B G NvUwZ `~i K‡i mKj‡K GKwU mvaviY gv‡b DbœxZ Kiv;
• wkÿv_©x‡`i †Kv‡bv NvUwZ _vK‡j H †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Kvh©vewj e¨envi K‡i Zv c~i‡Y m‡Pó nIqv|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
42
evsjv wel‡q †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Z_¨ msMÖn
we`¨vj‡qi bvg : -------------------- miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, --------------------
†kÖwY : cÖ_g kvLv : ZvwiL :
†ivj bs
wkÿv_©xi bvg
cvi½gZvi wb‡`©kK
mvejxj AvswkK
mnvqZv
m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i
gšÍe¨
mij kã co‡Z cv‡i
AvswkK mnvqZvq kã co‡Z cv‡i
wKQz eY© co‡Z cv‡i
wKQz eY©
†P‡b
wkÿ‡Ki ¯^vÿi I ZvwiL
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv
43
we`¨vj‡qi bvg :-------------------- miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, .--------------------
†kÖwY : wØZxq / Z…Zxq / PZz_©, kvLv : ZvwiL :
µwg
K
†iv
j
wkÿv_©xi
bvg
wkÿv_©xi fvlv cwigv‡ci wb‡`©kK gšÍe¨
mvejxj AvswkK mnvqZv m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i
(GKwU N‡i wUK w`‡Z n‡e)
mvejxj
fv‡e
co‡Z
cv‡i
wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨
co‡Z cv‡i
wKQz kã co‡Z cv‡i
evbvb K‡i c‡o
wKQz eY© co‡Z cv‡i
wKQz KviwPý †P‡b
wkÿ‡Ki ¯^vÿi I ZvwiL
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
44
evsjv wel‡qi †emjvBb-QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj
cÖ_g †kÖwYi Rb¨
mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i : KviwPýnxb kã (Mg, eB, Kjg, Kjm, Lei BZ¨vw`) wb‡R wb‡R co‡Z cvi‡j G N‡i wUK wPý w`‡Z n‡e|
wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i : wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq kãw¯’Z eY©¸‡jv wPb‡Z I Zvi aŸwb Abyhvqx co‡Z cvi‡j wkÿK G Kjv‡g wUK wPý †`‡eb|
m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i : wkÿv_©xi Kgc‡ÿ `yB ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j GB KjvgwUi e¨envi Ki‡eb|
1. wKQz eY© co‡Z cv‡i : G ch©v‡q wkÿv_©xiv cwVZ ev eY© wP‡b D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. wKQz eY© †P‡b : wkÿv_©x wKQz eY© wPb‡jI wKQz eY© kbv³ Ki‡Z mgm¨vq c‡i|
wØZxq I Z`yaŸ© †kÖwYi Rb¨
mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i : wkÿv_©x †h †kÖwY‡Z c‡o Zvi c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I cVb mvgMÖx (SRM) A_ev Gi Av‡jv‡K wkÿK-cÖYxZ cVb DcKiY co‡Z cvi‡j G Kjv‡g wUK wPý w`‡Z n‡e|
wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i : hw` wkÿv_©x Zvi c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi Dc‡hvMx cVb mvgMÖx evbvb K‡i, hy³eY© I `xN© kã, weivg wPý wb‡R wb‡R co‡Z bv cv‡i, wKš‘ wkÿ‡Ki mvgvb¨ mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e GB Kjv‡g wjL‡Z n‡e|
m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i: wkÿv_©xi Kgc‡ÿ Pvi ai‡bi mgm¨v wPwýZKi‡Y KjvgwUi e¨en„Z nq|
3. wkÿv_©x wKQz kã co‡Z cv‡i : wkÿv_©x hy³eY©nxb ev KL‡bv KL‡bv djv wPýnxb kã co‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hy³eY© wewkó †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kã covi mgq †m H k‡ãi aŸwbMZ aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mg_© nq bv|
4. evbvb K‡i c‡o : G ch©v‡qi wkÿv_©xiv k‡ãi evbvb K‡i bv co‡j aŸwb eyS‡Z cv‡i bv|
5. wKQz eY© co‡Z cv‡i : G ch©v‡qi wkÿv_©xiv c~‡e© cwVZ ev †Pbv kã D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| G †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq KwZcq eûj cÖPwjZ ev †`Lv kã (High Frequency word), †hgb gyw³hy×, ¯^vaxb BZ¨vw` kã co‡Z ev kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6. wKQz KviwPý †P‡b : G ch©v‡qi wkÿv_©xiv KviwPý wPb‡jI e¨Äbe‡Y©i m‡½ KviwPý hy³ Ki‡j Zvi
Kx D”PviY n‡e Zv eyS‡Z I ej‡Z cv‡i bv|
DwjøwLZ Ôm¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡iÕ Kjv‡g PviwU mve-Kjvg i‡q‡Q| G PviwU mve-Kjv‡gi †h †h †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q, †m †m mve-Kjv‡g wUK (√) wPý w`‡Z n‡e Ges Ab¨ mve-Kjv‡g µm (×) wPý w`‡Z n‡e|
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv
45
we`¨vjqwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©q
wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xMY Zuv‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wba©vwiZ Uzjm e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wba©viY Ki‡eb| cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q Zuviv wba©vwiZ QK Abyhvqx ¯‹zjwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki‡eb|
bgybv QK
we`¨vj‡qi bvg : ................................ miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, ..................
†kÖwY : ............ kvLv : .............. ZvwiL :
fwZ©K…Z †gvU
wkÿv_©xi msL¨v
hvPvBK…Z/RwicK…Z wkÿv_©xi
msL¨v
mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i
wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i
m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨
co‡Z cv‡igšÍe¨
w`b
1
46
†emj
vBb
g~j¨vq
b d
i‡gU
we‡k
ølY I
†kÖw
YKiY
QK
we`¨
vj‡q
i bv
g :
cÖavb
wkÿ
‡Ki
bvg
:
Dc‡R
jv :
†Rjv
:
gšÍe¨ 6 †h
†h
Kvi
wPý
†P
‡b b
v
we‡k
l `ªó
e¨ :
3,
4 G
es 5
b¤^i
Kjv
g †h
vM K
i‡j
†hvM
dj
2 b¤
^i K
jv‡g
i wk
ÿv_
©xi m
sL¨vi
mgv
b n‡
e|
†h †
h eY
© †P
‡b b
v
m¤ú~Y
© wkÿ
‡Ki
mvnv
‡h¨
5
wKQ
zkã
co‡Z
cv‡i
evbv
b K
‡i c
o‡Z
cv
‡i
wkÿ
‡Ki
Avswk
K m
vnv‡h
¨4
1g2q
3q4_
©5g
mvej
xj3
1g2q
3q4_
©5g
g~j¨vq
bK…Z
wk
ÿv_
©xi
msL¨
v2
†kÖwY 1
w`b
3Awa‡ekb 3
47
w`b
1
47
eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ cvV cwiKíbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbvcÖPwjZ cvV cwiKíbvq wb¤œiæc QK e¨envi Kiv nq :
1. cvV/cvV¨vs‡ki bvg
2. wkLb dj
3. DcKiY
4. wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR I mgq
5. g~j¨vqb
†kÖwY cwiPvjbv :
eZ©gv‡b †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡q †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki f‚wgKv cÖavb _v‡K| wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ †kÖwY cvV †NvlYv K‡i †Kv‡bv DcKiY cÖ`k©bc~e©K cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib| Gici mivmwi cvV ev cvV¨vsk †NvlYv K‡i wkÿK wb‡R wKQz KvR K‡ib Ges †m KvR‡K AbyKiY K‡i wKQz KvR Ki‡Z †`b| †hgb-evsjv wel‡qi †Kvb cvV ev cvV¨vsk cov‡Z wkÿK wb‡R mie cvV †`b Ges Gici wkÿv_©x‡`i Zuv‡K AbyKiY K‡i cvV co‡Z e‡jb| Gici bxie cvV K‡i cÖ‡kœvËi wjL‡Z †`b| MwYZ wel‡q GKBfv‡e GK ev GKvwaK mgm¨v mgvavb †ev‡W© wj‡L †`Lvb Gici wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV cy¯ÍK †_‡K Abykxjbx AsK ev mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z †`b| weÁvb A_ev evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cv‡VI evsjvi g‡Zv wkÿv`vb c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq| g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ wKQz wkÿv_©x‡K cvV †_‡K cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiv nq A_ev wjwLZ cÖ‡kœi DËi ï× K‡i †`qv nq|
†kÖwY cwiPvjbvi eZ©gvb c×wZ‡Z †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©xi Kvw•ÿZ wkLb jvf †Kv‡bvfv‡e m¤¢e nq bv| wKš‘ wWwcGW bxwZ Abymv‡i mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wfbœ wKQz †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q c~e©eZ©x/cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
4
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
5
48
mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (evsjv)• †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg‡K djcÖm~ Ki‡Z mgq e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK| cÖwZwU wcwiq‡W
wkÿ‡Ki †hgb 35 wgwbU mgq _v‡K, †Zgwb wkÿv_©x‡`iI cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki 35/40 wgwbU mgq _v‡K| wkÿ‡Ki KvR n‡e wµqvkxj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx 35/40 wgwbUB Zv‡`i mwµq ivLv, h_vh_ wkLb cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿB wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kiv|
• evsjv K¬v‡mi GB 35 wgwbU mg‡q wkï‡`i ¯^Ztù~Z© I mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x Ges wkÿK KZUzKz mgq a‡i Kx Kx KvR Ki‡eb †m cwiKíbv Abyhvqx K¬vm cwiPvjbv KivB n‡jv mgq e¨e¯’vcbv| mgq e¨e¯’vcbv djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ welqmg~n jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e-
1. cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbv;
2. cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx `j MVb (cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î Dc`j MVb);
3. wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx GKvwaK KvR wba©viY Kiv (†hgb-e‡Y©i KvR, KviwP‡ýi KvR, eÜy `‡j e‡m ¯Íi Abyhvqx KvR, m„Rbkxj KvR, †QvU `‡ji KvR, ¯^vaxbfv‡e eB cov, †Mg BZ¨vw`);
4. eo `‡j/eÜy `‡j e‡m wkÿv_©xiv †K Kx KvR Ki‡e Zvi my¯úó wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb;
5. cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K Zvi wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx Kv‡R mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv;
6. wkïiv hLb wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vK‡e, ZLb wkÿK Kx KvR Ki‡eb Zvi cwiKíbv _vKv, †hgb-1 wgwbU wiwWs †iKW© LvZv cÖ¯‘Z ivLv, †Kvb& wkï †Kvb& eB †_‡K wiwWs co‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv; †QvU `‡j †h `yB `j wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡b mnvqZv †`Iqv n‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ DcKiY cÖ¯‘Z ivLv;
7. wkÿK cÖwZw`b 10 wgwb‡U 10 Rb wkÿv_©xi cov ïb‡eb/cov‡eb Ges ch©vqµ‡g †kÖwYK‡ÿi mKj wkïB wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ 1 wgwbU wiwWs covi my‡hvM cv‡e| wkÿK mKj wkïi wiwWs †iKW© wjwce× Ki‡eb;
8. m„Rbkxj †jLvi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ges wkï‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv;
9. wkï‡`i m„Rbkxj †jLv Ges eÜy/wgkÖ `‡j e¨¯Í †i‡L wkÿK cÖwZw`b 15 wgwbU †QvU `‡j 2wU `j‡K wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ G‡b KvR Kivi cwiKíbv _vKv;
10. cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx hZ¸‡jv `j _vK‡e, cÖwZwU `‡ji ch©vqµ‡g wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ KvR Kivi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv, cÖ‡qvR‡b wkÿ‡Ki †bvU LvZv e¨envi Kiv;
11. wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki mg‡qi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cvVmswkøó DcKiY (AvVv, is †cwÝj, mvc©bvi, Abykxjbx KvW©, eY© I kã KvW©, wewfbœ mvB‡Ri mv`v KvMR-eY©, kã, evK¨ I m„Rbkxj †jLvi Rb¨ KvMR) cÖ¯ÍyZ ivLv;
12. ¯^vaxbfv‡e covi Rb¨ mswkøó K¬v‡mi wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx †kÖwYK‡ÿ ch©vß eB _vKv|
mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (evsjv)
49
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wewfbœ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© I mgš^qmvab
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡`i ¯^Ztù‚Z© I mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| †Kbbv wewfbœ wkLb Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï GKB †kÖwYK‡ÿ _v‡K| Kv‡RB Zv‡`i wkL‡bi NvUwZ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Ges GK‡N‡qwg `~i Kivi Rb¨ GKvwaK Kv‡Ri my‡hvM _vKv Riæwi| GiB †cÖwÿ‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡`i GKvwaK KvR Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q, †hgb-†ev‡W©i KvR I wb‡`©kbv, eo/eÜy `‡j e‡m ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR (GKK `j, †Rvovq `j I `jMZ), †QvU `‡j e‡m wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ KvR, 1 wgwbU wiwWs, m„Rbkxj †jLv I B”Qvg‡Zv eB cov| wkÿ‡Ki g~j KvR n‡jv †kÖwYK‡ÿi KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© I mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi wkLb NvUwZ c~iY K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv|
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wewfbœ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© I mgš^qmva‡bi Rb¨ jÿYxq w`Kmg~n
• cÖwZw`b 10 wgwbU eY© I KviwP‡ýi Ici †ev‡W© kã ˆZwii KvR Kiv nq| Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i m¤ú~Y© wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ `j‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eY© ev KviwPý w`‡q eÜy `‡j e‡m KvR Ki‡Z †`Iqv| Avevi eÜy `‡j e‡m †h eY©/kã ˆZwi Kij Zv wb‡q †QvU `‡j G‡b mnvqZv †`Iqv| Gfv‡e c‡ii w`‡bi K¬v‡m GB avivevwnKZv eRvq †i‡L KvR †`Iqv| †hgb-†h eY© I kã/KviwP‡ýi Ici Zviv KvR Kij Zv w`‡qB jyWz, d¬vm KvW©, kã †kLvi Awfavb ˆZwi BZ¨vw` KvR Abykxjb Kiv| A_©vr †ev‡W©i KvR, eo `‡ji KvR, †QvU `‡ji Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^qmvab K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i GwM‡q †bIqv|
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xiv eY©, kã, evK¨ I cÖkœ ˆZwii †h KvR¸‡jv K‡i Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ c„_K c„_K is (kã is, eY© is, ev‡K¨ is)-Gi e¨e¯’v ivLv, hv‡Z cieZ©x‡Z Abykxjbg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑwewfbœ eY© w`‡q wkÿv_©xiv hLb kã/evK¨ ˆZwi K‡i †mB KvR¸‡jvB i‡• msiÿY Kiv Ges cieZx©‡Z Zv e¨envi Kiv|
50
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
5
mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv • mßv‡n wZb w`b Mí/KweZv/SRM I Ab¨vb¨ eB‡qi ZvwjKv †_‡K Mí/KweZv Ave„wË Kiv I wZb w`b
eY©, KviwPý/hy³e‡Y©i KvR Kiv|
• cÖwZw`b wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi cvV¨eB‡qi wm‡jevm Abyhvqx cov|
• cÖwZw`b wk¶v_©x‡`i Íi Abyhvqx †ev‡W© Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb I A¨vKwUwfwU eywS‡q †`Iqv| (G †¶‡Î c~e©eZ©x w`b¸‡jvi †QvU `‡j Kv‡Ri Abykxjbx KvR cÖ`vb GKK `j/†QvU `‡j)|
wgkÖ `‡j/eÜy `‡j/†QvU `‡j ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• m„Rbkxj †jLv I ¯ÍiwfwËK `jxq KvR †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_©x GKB mv‡_ ïiæ Ki‡e| A‡a©K wk¶v_©x Av‡M m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e Ges c‡i †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡e| Avevi evwK A‡a©K wk¶v_©x Av‡M ¯ÍiwfwËK wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx †ev‡W©i KvR Ki‡e Ges c‡i m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e|
†QvU `‡j KvR
• wk¶K cÖwZw`b ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii 2wU `j wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb|
• cÖwZ `‡j GKB ¯Í‡ii 6/7 Rb wk¶v_©x _vK‡e|
• cÖwZ `j wk¶‡Ki Kv‡Q 7.5 wgwbU K‡i mgq cv‡e|
cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU wkï Kgc‡¶ 3-6wU KvR Ki‡eÑ
• †ev‡W© eY©/kã †jLvi KvR
• ¯ÍiwfwËK wgkÖ `‡j e‡m GKK `j/`jMZ KvR
• wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq 1 wgwbU wiwWs cov (1 †_‡K 15 Rb wkÿv_©x)
• Avgvi AuvKv-Avgvi †jLv
• †QvU `‡j KvR (wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq `yB `‡ji wkÿv_©xi)
• eyK Kb©vi n‡Z eB wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e cov
51
w`b
1
51
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
5
†kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv• †kÖwYKÿ‡K †K›`ª K‡iB mKj wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿK †h mKj e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib Zv‡K †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j| wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ welqmg~n jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e-
1. wkÿ‡Ki c~e©cª¯‘wZ,
2. wkÿv_©x‡`i emvi/Avmb e¨e¯’vcbv (GKK, †Rvovq ‡j, wgkÖ ‡j/eo ‡j, †QvU ‡j) Ggbfv‡e Kiv †hb wkÿv_©xiv G‡K Ac‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkL‡b AskMÖnY K‡i,
3. DcKiY e¨e¯’vcbv (eyK Kb©vi, MwYZ Kb©vi, evsjv Kb©vi),
4. cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K Zvi Pvwn`v/¯Íi Abyhvqx Kv‡R mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv,
5. wewfbœ wkLb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv (GKK KvR, `jMZ KvR †QvU `j, eo `j), †Rvovq KvR, wewfbœ ai‡bi †Mg),
6. avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi e¨e¯’v ivLv,
7. wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi fxwZnxb m¤úK© ˆZwi,
8. fxwZnxb cwi‡e‡k wkÿv_©x‡`i †kLvi my‡hvM _vKv|
Avmb e¨e¯’vcbv
• wkÿv_©x‡`i msL¨v Abyhvqx Avmb web¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ Ggbfv‡e Avmb web¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e †hb wkÿv_©xiv eo j/eÜy ‡j gy‡LvgywL e‡m gZwewbgq K‡i GKK, †Rvov `j, `‡j KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges G‡K Ac‡ii Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i|
• Ggbfv‡e Avmb web¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkÿK cÖwZwU wkïi Kv‡Q mn‡R †h‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖwZwU wkï cÖwZwU wkïi Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i|
• wkÿ‡Ki †Uwej, †Pqvi †kÖwYK‡ÿi GKwU Kb©v‡i _vK‡e, †hLv‡b wkÿK cÖwZw`b ywU j‡K †QvU ‡j wkLb mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡ib; wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq †j‡fj Abyhvqx Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿi mvg‡bi w`‡K (†hLv‡b mvg‡b †_‡K wkÿK cy‡iv †kÖwYKÿ wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib) Avmb e¨e¯’v ivLv|
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ Activity Based Learning Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kb©vi (MwYZ Kb©vi, evsjv Kb©vi, eyK Kb©vi)-Gi e¨e¯’v ivLv| GK †Kvbvq eyK Kb©v‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv, †hLv‡b evsjvi DcKiY I M‡íi eB _vK‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
52
wkÿv DcKiY I †kÖwYKÿ mw¾ZKiY
• †kÖwYKÿ wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx AvKl©Yxq I „wób›`b wkÿv DcKiY Øviv Ggbfv‡e mw¾Z ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkL‡bi GKwU Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi nq|
• PK‡evW© Ggb RvqMvq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mKj wkï †`L‡Z cvq Ges evB‡ii Av‡jv cÖwZdwjZ bv nq|
• MwYZ Kb©v‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨v KvW©, Abykxjb KvW©, A¨vKwUwfwU wkU, AuvwU, KvwV, wewP, ivevi, DcKiY Kb©vi, evsjv Kb©v‡i eY©, kã, evK¨, Abykxjbx KvW©, wiwWs †Mg Øviv mw¾Z ivLv|
• wkï‡`i Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ msL¨v I evK¨ KvW© Ges m„Rbkxj †jLvi Rb¨ †cwÝj, is †cwÝj, AvVv, KuvwP, mv`v KvM‡Ri e¨e¯’v _vKv|
• eyK Kb©v‡i wkïi Dc‡hvMx eB, SRM, cwÎKv, mvgwqKx, wkï‡`i †jLv eB (m„Rbkxj †jLv) _vKv|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i m„Rbkxj †jLv cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿ GK Kb©vi †_‡K Ab¨ Kb©v‡i iwk Uvbv‡bv A_ev cykwcb †ev‡W©i e¨e¯’v ivLv|
†kÖwYKÿ cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLvi Rb¨ GK Kb©v‡i gqjv †djvi e¨e¯’v ivLv|
5353
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
5
cÖkœcÖÎ evsjv1. wb‡Pi Aÿi †`‡L †`‡L wjL
e K j g h K
2. wb‡Pi k㸇jv †`‡L †`‡L wjL
†Q‡j †g‡q cÖwZ KvK ej kã
3. evK¨ iPbv Ki
Lvevi `B †evZj eB PK‡jU
4. wb‡Pi cvV¨vskwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wjL
mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i grm¨ Kb¨v‡`i †`k| grm¨ Kb¨viv †`L‡Z A‡a©K gv‡Qi g‡Zv Avi A‡a©K gvby‡li g‡Zv| grm¨ Kb¨v‡`i GK ivRv wQj| †mB ivRvi QqwU my›`i my›`i †g‡q wQj| GB Qq †g‡qi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q my›`i wQj ivRvi †QvU †g‡q| mevB GB †QvÆ my›`i ivRKb¨v‡K †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨v e‡j WvKZ|
me †evb †n‡m‡L‡j mgy‡`ªi Z‡j Ny‡i †eovZ| ivRvi ûKzg wQj 18 eQ‡ii Av‡M †KDB mgy‡`ªi Dc‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†QvU grm¨ Kb¨vi eo †ev‡biv mevB 18 eQ‡ii Dc‡i| ZvB †ev‡biv mgy‡`ªi Ic‡i †eov‡Z †h‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨vi ZL‡bv 18 eQi eqm nqwb| †evb‡`i Kv‡Q †m mgy‡`ªi Ic‡ii Mí ïbZ| WvOvi gvbyl‡`i Mí ïbZ|
grm¨ Kb¨v‡`i `vw`I gvbyl‡`i, Rvnv‡Ri A‡bK Mí KiZ| Mí ï‡b ï‡b †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨v fveZ, K‡e †h †m gvbyl †`L‡e, RvnvR †`L‡e!
Zvici GKw`b †QvÆ grm¨Kb¨vi eqm 18 eQi n‡jv| ivRv Gevi ejj, †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨v, Zzwg GLb †Zvgvi †evb‡`i mv‡_ mgy‡`ªi Dc‡i †h‡Z cv‡iv| ï‡b Lywk n‡q †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨v †m‡R¸‡R †evb‡`i mv‡_ Pjj mgy‡`ªi Ic‡i †`L‡Z| Zvi Lye fv‡jv jvMj mgy‡`ªi Dci †`‡L| cvj‡Zvjv RvnvR Avi `yB cvIqvjv gvbyl †`‡L|
†QvU grm¨ Kb¨v me mgq Ny‡i †eovZ mgy‡`ªi Dci| GKw`b mgy‡`ª fxlY So DVj| GB S‡o GKUv RvnvR Wz‡e †Mj| †QvÆ grm¨ Kb¨v †`Lj GKRb gvbyl mgy‡`ª Wz‡e hv‡”Q|
1. grm¨ Kb¨v †`L‡Z †Kgb wQj?
2. ivRvi KqwU my›`i my›`i †g‡q wQj?
3. KZ eQ‡ii Av‡M mgy‡`ªi Dc‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv?
4. ivRvi †Kvb †g‡qwU me‡P‡q †ewk my›`i wQj?
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
54
5. wb‡Pi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡q wjL
1. C` †Kgb KvUv‡j Zv Rvwb‡q †Zvgvi eÜz‡K wPwV wjL|
2. †Zvgvi Rxe‡bi GKwU ¯§iYxq NUbv wb‡q wjL|
3. eZ©gvb ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v wb‡q †Zvgvi gZvgZ eY©bv Ki|
4. Ôgyyw³hy×Õ wb‡q hv Rvb Zv wjL|
5. GKwU Mí wjL|
6. KvM‡Ri A‡a©K As‡k Qwe AuvK Ges wb‡P Qwe m¤ú‡K© wjL|
7. †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ågY Kvwnwb wjL|
8. evsjv‡`‡ki dj Kx Zv m¤ú‡K© 10wU evK¨ wjL|
9. GKwU KweZv/Qov wjL|
10. †Zvgvi Rvbv GKwU †`k m¤ú‡K© 10wU evK¨ wjL|
5555
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
5
cVb `ÿZvi Dcv`vbmg~n†emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g †`Lv hvq, GKB †kÖwY‡Z wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x Ae¯’vb K‡i| G Kvi‡Y †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi mgq‡K Ggbfv‡e fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hb cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xB Zvi wbR¯^ cvVMZ Ae¯’vb †_‡K wbR¯^ MwZ‡Z †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡i mvejxj cvVK wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i|
• †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi, GB †KŠkj¸‡jv †hgb-
1. wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq †QvU `‡j KvR
2. eÜz `‡j/wgkÖ `‡j KvR 3. mg‡eZ KvR
4. GKvKx/†Rvovq KvR
cÖeZ©b Kivi g~j KviY, cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x Zvi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb †_‡K ¯^wbf©i/mej cvVK I ¯^wbf©i †jLK wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V, hv cÖPwjZ †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq m¤¢e bq, KviY cÖPwjZ †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq ïaygvÎ GKwU cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
• Ômvejxj cvVKÕ ev cV‡b mvejxjZv ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS, GB cÖkœwUi Dˇii Av‡M covi g~j jÿ¨ Kx? A_©vr ÔAvgiv †Kb cwoÕ? G cÖ‡kœi DËi †evSv DwPZ
covi g~j jÿ¨
1. †Kv‡bv wel‡q Z_¨ msMÖn
2. Avb›` cvIqv
cV‡b ÔmvejxjZvÕ (fluency), cVb `ÿZvi (Reading skill) GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq ev Dcv`vb (Component)| wkÿv_©x‡`i ev cvV‡Ki cVb `ÿZv cvuPwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq ev Dcv`v‡bi (Component) Ici wbf©ikxj|
cVb `ÿZvi Dcv`vb
1. Abyaveb (Comprehensive)
2. mvejxjZv (Fluency)
3. kãfvÊvi (Vocabulary)
4. kã (Word)
5. eY©/KviwPý I evbvb †KŠkj
6. aŸwb m‡PZbZv
mvejxjfv‡e cvV ev `ªæZ cvV ej‡Z g~jZ †evSvq covi MwZ ev nvi| GKRb mvejxj cvVK H wbw`©ó cvV ev cvV¨vsk Awfe¨w³ mnKv‡i co‡e| mvejxjfv‡e covi ÿgZv bv _vK‡j H cvV¨vsk ev cvV Gi A_© Abyaveb ev (Comprehension) Kiv hvq bv|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
56
mvejxj cvVK †h †Kv‡bv cvV¨vs‡ki k㸇jv ªæZ, Abvqv‡m Ges †`LvgvÎB (automatic) wPb‡Z cv‡i| k㸇jv co‡Z Zvi †ewk Kó nq bv| A_©vr mvejxj cvV‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb Zvi eq‡mvc‡hvMx Ges cwiwPZ RM‡Zi k㸇jvi GKwU kãfvÊvi (Vocabulalry)|
kãfvÊvi evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb-
1. wkÿv_©x‡`i cwiwPZ k‡ãi mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bv
2. wkÿv_©x‡`i eY©/KviwPý Ges evbvb †KŠkj †kLv‡bv, hv‡Z Zviv bZyb bZyb kã co‡Z cv‡i,
3. bZyb kã w`‡q cvV evi evi cov‡bv,
4. wkÿv_©x‡`i aŸwb m‡PZbZv ˆZwi Kiv A_©vr aŸwbi wjwLZ iƒ‡ci mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bv|
5. wkÿv_©x‡`i Zv‡`i eqm/wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx cÖPzi eB co‡Z †`Iqv|
5757
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
5
wjLb `ÿZv I wjLb `ÿZvi Dcv`vbmg~nmvejxj †jLK, Ò†h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Ici g‡bi fve mwVK wbqg Abyhvqx cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e (Communication) †hb A‡b¨iv †mB †jLv c‡o †jLvi g~jfve eyS‡Z cv‡i|Ó
1. wjwLZ cvV ev cvV¨vs‡ki As‡ki A_©‡eva¨Zv (Communication)
2. kã wjL‡Z cviv ev evbvb †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g
3. eY©/KviwPý wjL‡Z cviv
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ cvV¨eB‡qi cvV ev cvV¨vs‡ki AbykxjbxwfwËK †h mg¯Í †jLvi KvR Ki‡Z nq, †mMy‡jvI †jLv| GB †jLvMy‡jvi gva¨‡g g~jZ wkÿv_©xiv †h †Kv‡bv cvV ev cvV¨vsk covi ci cvV ev cvV¨vskwUi fve Abyaveb (Comprehend) Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q wKbv Zv cÖkœ Kivi gva¨‡g wjwLZfv‡e hvPvB/cixÿv (assess) Kiv nq GB hvPvB/cixÿv (assessment) wjwLZfv‡eI Kiv hvq|
58
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
5
cÖPwjZ c×wZ I cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z cov†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡`i covi `ÿZv (Reading skill) evov‡bvi Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿ †h †h KvR Kiv nq-
†ÿÎ cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z
Abyaveb • †kÖwYK‡ÿ cvV
→ wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖkœ K‡i hvPvB
→ wjwLZ cÖkœ Kiv
• †QvU `‡j/cÖwZwU wkï‡K Zvi wkLb mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx cv‡Vi Ask wiwWs cov‡bv
→ †gŠwLK cÖkœ
→ wjwLZ cÖkœ K‡i
cVb mvejxjZv →†kªwYK‡ÿ wkÿK‡Ki mv‡_ mg¯^‡i cov
→ GKKfv‡e cov wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©‡k (4/5 Rb) cÖwZw`b
→ Av`k© cvV wkÿ‡Ki (ïay hviv co‡Z cv‡i)
→ bxie cvV (hviv co‡Z cv‡i)
→ wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ 1 wgwbU cov (10 Rb)
→ †QvU `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ cov
→ GKK/†Rvovq cov
→ eo `‡j wkÿ‡Ki Av`k© cvV
kã → †ev‡W© †jLv nq
→ wkÿv_©x©iv LvZvq †j‡L
→†QvU `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq wewfbœ A¨vKwUwfwUi gva¨‡g kã cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nq
→ †QvU `‡j evbvb †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx bZyb kã cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nq
→ eo `‡j Abykxjb
e Y © / K v i w P ý /evbvb †KŠkj
→ wkÿK ïay cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ †ev‡W© KvR K‡ib|
→ †QvU `‡j cÖwZ †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx eY©, KviwPý I evbvb †KŠkj †kLv‡bv nq|
59
w`b
1
59
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
5
†kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖPwjZ I cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z wjLb `ÿZv
†ÿÎ cÖPwjZ c×wZ cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ
g‡bi fve cÖKvk ïaygvÎ Z…Zxq/PZz_©/cÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ mxwgZfv‡e wjLb Abykxjb Kiv nq (hviv wjL‡Z Rv‡b bv Zviv GB Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv)|
cÖwZwU wkï GB Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i
wjwLZ hvPvB wØZxq/Z…Zxq/PZz_©/cÂg †kÖwYi †h wkÿv_©xiv wjL‡Z cv‡i Ges co‡Z cv‡i Zviv GB Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i
†QvU `‡j cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x Zv‡`i wkLb mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx GB Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i
kã/eY©/KviwPý I evbvb †KŠkj †ev‡W© †h wkÿv_©xiv wjL‡Z cv‡i, Zviv ïay e‡Y©i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i
†QvU `‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Zv‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx kã, eY©, KviwPý I evbvb †KŠkj †kLv‡bv nq
60
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
5
ÔmnR †jLvÕ`yw`b cvi n‡q †Mj| cvwLwU Do‡Z cviZ, wKš‘ †ewk DuPz‡Z bq| †m wPwšÍZ n‡q ejj, Òey‡bv nuvm KvKv, Avgvi †QvÆ Wvbv w`‡q Ic‡i Iov m¤¢e bq|Ó ey‡bv nuvm Reve w`j, ÒG‡Z wKQz Av‡m hvq bv| Zzwg nvjKv, evi evi A‡f¨m Ki‡j Ic‡i Do‡Z cvi‡e|Ó
Z…Zxq w`‡b cvwLwU mviv Mv‡q e¨_v Abyfe Kij Ges Do‡Z †kLv †Q‡o w`‡Z PvBj| hLb ey‡bv nuvm Zv‡K †kLv‡Z Gj ZLb †m Qj K‡i cvwj‡q †Mj| wVK Kij Avi Do‡Z wkL‡e bv|
GKw`b †m †`Lj, Rjvk‡q muvZvi KvU‡Q GK‡Rvov Pxbv nuvm| †m Zv‡`i Lye cªksmv Kij| g‡b g‡b fvej, ÒmuvZvi wk‡L R‡ji exi n‡Z cvi‡j KZB bv gRv n‡Zv!Ó
D‡o wM‡q kvcjv cvZvi Ici e‡m †m Aby‡iva Kij, ÒfvB, w`w`, `qv K‡i Avgv‡K muvZvi KvUv wkwL‡q †`b| Avwg R‡ji exi n‡Z PvB|Ó Pxbv nuvm Reve w`j, Òfv‡jv K_v| †Zvgvi msKí _vK‡j wbðqB Avgiv †Zvgv‡K †kLve|Ó
ÔKwVb †jLvÕ
ÿgZv‡K g~j¨ †`Iqvi cÖ‡kœ kZ kZ, GgbwK nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i weZK© P‡j‡Q| A‡b‡K Lye †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, ¯^ÿgZv AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb; A‡b‡K Avevi GB g‡Zi cÖej we‡ivwaZvI K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖ_‡gB ejv `iKvi, GB wefvRb †fŠ‡MvwjK bq, hw`I †KD †KD †ZgbUv g‡b K‡ib| Zuv‡`i aviYv, ÔGkxq g~j¨‡evaÕ n‡”Q KZ©„Z¡ev`x Ges †mB g~j¨‡eva ¯^ÿgZv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q bv, Ab¨w`‡K, wPivPwiZ ÔBD‡ivcxq g~j¨‡evaÕ n‡”Q ¯^ÿgZvcš’x Ges KZ…©Z¡ev`-we‡ivax| GBfv‡e huviv fvM K‡ib Zuv‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿¨ wek¦vmB ÔcvðvZ¨Õ‡K ÔcÖvP¨Õ †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q| GB wefvR‡bi cÖe³v‡`i g‡a¨ †hgb Av‡Qb Ôcwðgx ms¯‹…wZÕi AwØZxqZvi Avcmnxb cÖe³viv, †Zgwb Av‡Qb ÔGkxq g~j¨‡evaÕ-G wek¦vmxiv, huviv g‡b K‡ib, ¯^ÿgZvi †P‡q k„•Ljv †ewk iæZ¡c~Y©| wKšÍy gvbewPšÍvi BwZnvm‡K GBfv‡e fvM Kivi †cQ‡b ev¯Íe Z_¨cÖgvY †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
61
w`b
1
61
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
5
covco‡Z cvivi Rb¨ hv cÖ‡qvRb :
• cV‡b mvejxjZv (fluency)
• cvV Abyaveb Kivi ÿgZv (comprehension)
• kãfvÊvi e„w× Kiv (vocabulary)
• evbvb †KŠkj Rvbv (spelling)
• eY©/KviwPý (alphabet)
wkÿv_©x‡`i kãfvÊvi †hfv‡e e„w× Kiv hvq :
• wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖwZw`b 1 wgwbU K‡i cov‡bv nq
• †QvU M‡íi eB cov‡bv nq
• ¯^vaxbfv‡e wkÿv_©xiv eyK Kb©vi n‡Z M‡íi eB c‡o
• cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡j kã †kLvi †Ljv Kiv‡bv nq
• †QvU kã I eY© †Mg Kiv‡bv nq (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq)
• eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi Kiv‡bv nq|
62
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
5
cV‡b mvejxjZv evov‡bvi †KŠkjmg~n†emjvBb g~j¨vqb djvdj Abyhvqx, cÖwZwU †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x wiwWs/cV‡bi mvejxjZv (Fluency) Gi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Av‡Q †hgb-
1. wKQz wkÿv_©x Zv‡K †`Iqv cvVwU mvejxjfv‡e wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i;
2. wKQz wkÿv_©x Zv‡K †`Iqv cvVwU wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i;
3. wKQz wkÿv_©x Zv‡K †`Iqv cvVwU evbvb K‡i wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i;
4. wKQz wkÿv_©x GK`g wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i bv, GgbwK Zviv wKQz eY©, KviwPý †P‡b bv ev †Kv‡bv kãI co‡Z cv‡i bv|
• mvaviYZ cÖPwjZ †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi wiwWs Kiv‡bv nq Gfv‡e-
1. wkÿ‡Ki Av`k© cvV;
2. wkÿK/wkÿv_©x‡`i mie cvV;
3. wkÿv_©x‡`i GKK mie cvV;
4. wkÿv_©x‡`i bxie cvV|
• †h‡nZz wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi-
1. wKQz wkÿv_©x H †kÖwYi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cvVwU wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY †m eY©, kã †P‡b bv;2. wKQz wkÿv_©x H cvVwU mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv evbvb K‡i c‡o;3. wKQz wkÿv_©xi wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq| d‡j cvVwU Zviv Abyaveb (Comprehand)
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
G Kvi‡Y †kÖwYK‡ÿ cwiPvwjZ wiwWs ÿZv evov‡bvi †h †KŠkj¸‡jv Zv ïaygvÎ mvejxj cvVK‡K Av‡iv mvejxj n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Ab¨ wkÿv_©xiv ax‡i ax‡i wcwQ‡q c‡o Ges we`¨vjq n‡Z S‡i c‡o|
• cvV`v‡bi mgq‡K Ggbfv‡e fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x †hb Zvi wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgqm~wP Abyhvqx cV‡b/wiwWs G mvejxjZv (Reading fluency) Avbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
†kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj
1. cÖ_g mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wkÿ‡Ki Av`k©/mie cvV Ki‡eb| 2. cÖwZw`b 10/15 Rb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi wkLb¯Íi (Learning level) Abyhvqx GKwU
eB †_‡K 1 wgwbU co‡e| 3. †QvU `‡j cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i wkLb¯Íi (Learning level) Abyhvqx wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq
wb‡Pi KvR¸‡jv Ki‡e|
cV‡b mvejxjZv evov‡bvi †KŠkjmg~n
6363
K) eY©/KviwPý evbvb †KŠkj;
L) kãfvÊvi evov‡bvi †KŠkj (Sight Vocabulary), evbvb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ bZyb bZyb kã †kLv, hy³eY© †kLv cÖ_g †kÖwYi Rb¨, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kªwYi †h mKj wkÿv_©x cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi Zv‡`i Rb¨;
M) cvV¨eB I Ab¨vb¨ Supplimentary Reading materials (SRM); miKvi cÖ`Ë HTR Ges ¯‹zj KZ…©cÿ KZ…©K †Kbv M‡íi eB‡qi wewfbœ Mí, KweZv ev Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi cvV wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
4. wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov wkÿv_©x‡`i eÜz `‡j, GKK, †Rvov `j ev †QvU `‡j wewfbœ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g-
K) eY©, KviwPý/k‡ãi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqvi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©wkZ †jLvi
ev †Ljvi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g;
L) cvV¨eB ev wewfbœ SRMGi Ici wfwË K‡i Abyaveb (Comprehension) g~jK KvR|
5. GKK wiwWs|
cÖPwjZ c×wZ I cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ‡Z cVb (Reading) ev wjLb (Writing) wkLb †kLv‡bv (Teaching learning) c×wZ‡Z g~j cv_©K¨ n‡”Q cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó †kÖwY‡Z cy‡iv †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k cvV cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| †hgb-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cvV Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cvV¨eB †_‡K †`Iqv nq, hw`I H †kÖwY‡Z wØZxq ev cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q|
G Kvi‡YB G c×wZ Abyhvqx mKj wkÿv_©x Zvi wkLb mvg_©¨(Learning ability) Abyhvqx cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e|
64
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
5
1 wgwbU cVb I †iKW© ivLv :• wkÿK cÖwZw`b †ev‡W©i KvR †kl K‡i 12/15 Rb wkÿv_©x‡K cvV¨eB/cwVZ wiwWs †_‡K 1 wgwbU
wiwWs cov‡eb| A_©vr wkï‡`i eo `‡j e‡m GKv/†Rvov `j A_ev `jMZfv‡e †j‡fj Abyhvqx KvR Kivi wb‡`©kbv w`‡q wkÿK 15 wgwb‡U 15 Rb wkïi Kv‡Q wM‡q 1 wgwbU K‡i wiwWs ïb‡eb/AvOzj a‡i cov‡eb Ges wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq wj‡L ivL‡eb
1 wgwbU wiwWs‡qi wbqg :
• wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx cwVZ eB wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e
• 1 wgwb‡U †h KqwU evK¨ cov‡bv m¤¢e ZZwU evK¨ co‡e
• wkÿK 1 wgwbU cov‡bv †kl K‡i wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq †iKW© ivL‡eb
• †h wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z cv‡i bv, †mB wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq 1 wgwbU K‡i co‡e
• hviv GKUz co‡Z cv‡i †mB wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z †Póv Ki‡e| †h kãwU wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z cvi‡e bv Zv wkÿK e‡j †`‡eb
• †h wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z cv‡i †mB wkÿv_©x cÖ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi wb‡P AvOzj w`‡q co‡e Avi wkÿK ïb‡eb I cov †k‡l †iKW© ivL‡eb
• cÖwZw`b 15 wgwbU 15 Rb wkÿv_©xi cov ïb‡eb, ch©vqµ‡g mKj wkÿv_©xi cov ïb‡eb
• ax‡i ax‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i cVb `ÿZv e„w× cv‡e
1 wgwbU wiwWs †kvbvi e¨e¯’vcbv
wkï‡`i cVb `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ A¨v‡cÖv‡Pi evsjv wel‡qi GKwU c`‡ÿc n‡jv Ô1 wgwbU wiwWs †kvbvÕ| GLv‡b cÖwZw`b †kÖwY‡Z Kgc‡ÿ 10/15 Rb wkÿv_©xi evsjv wiwWs †kvbvi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| mßv‡n cÖ‡Z¨K w`b wfbœ wfbœ 10/15 R‡bi cov ïb‡Z n‡e| hw` †kÖwY‡Z 60 Rb wkÿv_©x _v‡K Z‡e cÖwZw`b 10 Rb K‡i cov‡j mßv‡n 60 Rb‡K cov‡bv hv‡e| †hgbÑ
w`b †ivj
kwbevi 1Ñ10 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
iweevi 11Ñ20 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
†mvgevi 21Ñ30 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
g½jevi 31Ñ40 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
eyaevi 41Ñ50 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
e„n®úwZevi 51Ñ60 †ivj b¤^i ch©šÍ
1 wgwbU cVb I †iKW© ivLv :
65
hw` 50 Rb wkÿv_©x _v‡K Z‡e
cybivq, e„n®úwZevi 1Ñ 10 †ivj b¤^i ïiæ n‡e|
Ges hw`, 40 Rb wkÿv_©x _v‡K Z‡e
cybivq, eyaevi 1Ñ10 †ivj b¤^i ïiæ n‡e|
A_©vr †kÖwY‡Z 60 Rb _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K mßv‡n 1 evi 1 wgwbU wiwWs covi my‡hvM cv‡e| Gfv‡e †kÖwY‡Z 40/50 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡j †KD †KD 1 evi 1 wgwbU, †KD †KD 2 evi 2 wgwbU wiwWs covi my‡hvM cv‡e| Gfv‡e gv‡m Avcbvi †kÖwYi GKRb wkÿv_©x wiwWs covi Rb¨ KZUzKz mgq cv‡e Zv wnmve K‡i †ei K‡i †b‡eb|
66
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
5
wiwWs †iK‡W©i bgybv QKgvm : Rvbyqvwi, 2013 †kÖwY : wØZxq
µwgK bs
wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb
cwVZ wiwWs eB ZvwiL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
01
02
03
04
05
06
mvejxj
wk.Av: mv
wk.m: mvnv‡h¨
mvejxj
wk.m: mvnv‡h¨
mvejxj
wØZxq †kÖwYi
cvV¨eB/SRM
cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB/SRM
wØZxq †kÖwYi
cvV¨eB/SRM
cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB/SRM
wØZxq †kÖwYi
cvV¨eB/SRM...
12
13
14
15
...
25
26
27
28
29
30
w`b
1
67
w`b
6Awa‡ekb 1
A¨vw±wfwU-1 : eY©, KviwPý I evbvb †kLv‡bvi †KŠkjA¨vw±wfwU-1: †h †Kv‡bv eY© w`‡q Qwehy³ kã ejv, †mB e‡Y©i aŸwb D”PviY I e‡Y©i wjwLZ iƒc †Pbv|
D‡Ïk¨ : eY© wPb‡Z cvi‡e
DcKiY : †h †Kv‡bv eY© w`‡q cvV¨eB, †n‡m‡L‡j cwo I cwiwPZ k‡ãi KvW©, Qwemn kã KvW©, eY© KvW©|
`j : 6-8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
• wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i †QvU `‡j wb‡q emv‡eb
• wk¶v_©x‡`i mvg‡b wba©vwiZ eY© w`‡q c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z Qwehy³ kã KvW©¸‡jv Dwë‡q ivL‡eb
• cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x 1wU K‡i KvW© †b‡e Ges ch©vqµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨‡K Kv‡W©i Qwei kã ej‡e;
• Ab¨ eÜziv kã mwVK ej‡Q wK bv Zv hvPvB Ki‡e;
• DËi hw` mwVK bv nq Zvn‡j eÜziv Zv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e
• wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v_©xiv Kv‡W©i Qwei kã evi evi D”PviY Ki‡e
• wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i KvW©¸‡jv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †b‡eb
• KvW©¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i Dwë‡q ivL‡eb
• ch©vqµ‡g 1wU K‡i KvW© Zz‡j wk¶v_©x‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡eb Kv‡W©i Qwei kã ejvi Rb¨
• wk¶K DËi ïb‡eb Ges LvZvq kã wjL‡eb
bgybv bgybv
eK e
eD e
ej e
evwo e
eB e
• me¸‡jv kã †jLvi ci wk¶v_©x‡`i GKB iKg †`Lv hvq Ggb eY© wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb
• Ic‡ii bgybv Abyhvqx GKB iKg †`Lv hvq Ggb eY© ev` w`‡q evwK kãvsk¸‡jv †K‡U †djyb
• Gevi ejyb GUv ÔeÕ Ges ÔeÕ eY© D”PviY Kivb
• ÔeÕ Kxfv‡e wjL‡Z nq †`Lvb|
68
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
6
A¨vw±wfwU-2 : GKB eY© w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ejvi †Ljv I D”PviY Kiv|
D‡Ïk¨ : eY© wPb‡Z I D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| eY© w`‡q mnR kã ej‡Z cvi‡e|
DcKiY : eY© KvW©, Qwehy³ kã KvW©
`j : 6-8 Rb
wbqg :
• wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i †QvU `‡j wb‡q em‡eb
• wba©vwiZ eY© w`‡q Qwehy³ KvW© GK GK K‡i †`Lv‡eb Ges k‡ãi D”PviY ej‡eb
• wk¶K k‡ãi ïiæi eY© Kx Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb
• wk¶v_©x‡`i DËi Rvb‡eb Ges eY© KvW©wU †`wL‡q evi evi e‡Y©i D”PviY Kiv‡eb| †hgb- ÔKÕ
• Gevi H eY© w`‡q cwiwPZ K‡qKwU kã ej‡Z ej‡eb
• ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x kã ej‡e| G‡¶‡Î eÜziv I wk¶K cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ej‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
• wk¶K cvkvcvwk k㸇jv LvZvq wjL‡eb
• GLvb †_‡K wk¶K ÔKÕ eY© Kxfv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e Zv †`Lv‡eb
• wk¶v_©x‡`i cvV¨cy¯ÍK Abykxjb Ask (c„ôv 21) †ei Ki‡Z ej‡eb
• wk¶K †QvU `‡j mnvqZvi ci wkïiv eo `‡j e‡m GKvKx †Rvovq I `jMZfv‡e Abykxjb Ki‡e
• wk¶K G ai‡bi A¨vw±wfwU‡Z hv †QvU `‡j †kLv‡jb cieZ©x K¬v‡m eo `‡j †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq †mB `j‡K G ai‡bi KvR Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`‡eb
w`b
1
69
w`b
6Awa‡ekb 1
A¨vw±wfwU-3 : GKB ai‡bi eY© Lyu‡R †ei Kiv|D‡Ïk¨ : e‡Y©i AvK…wZ wP‡b eY© wgj Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges e‡Y©i D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
DcKiY : 4 ai‡bi i‡Oi Kvwj e¨envi K‡i cÖwZwU e‡Y©i 4wUi 1 †mU eY© KvW©|
`j : 7-8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
avc-1 :
• 4 ai‡bi i‡Oi Kvwj (jvj, meyR, bxj I †e¸wb) e¨envi K‡i eY© KvW© ˆZwi Ki‡eb| †hgb-
• GKBfv‡e g, K, Z eY© w`‡q 4 ai‡bi Kvwj e¨envi K‡i cÖwZwU e‡Y©i 4 wU K‡i 1 †mU KvW© cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ivL‡eb
avc-2
• †h †Kv‡bv 4wU eY© w`‡q 4 †mU KvW© ( 4×4=16wU eY© KvW©) †Uwe‡ji Ici ivL‡eb|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i GKB ai‡bi eY© KvW©My‡jv GKwÎZ Ki‡Z ej‡eb
• eY©¸‡jvi D”PviY evi evi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb
• eY©¸‡jv Kxfv‡e wjL‡Z nq Zv wj‡L †`Lv‡eb
• eY©¸‡jv †jLvi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I †n‡m‡L‡j cwo eB‡q †h ai‡bi Abykxjbg~jK KvR †`Iqv Av‡Q Zv †`Lv‡eb
• eo `‡j e‡m †jLvi Abykxjbg~jK KvR †`‡eb
e
jvj Kvwj meyR Kvwj bxj Kvwj †e¸bx Kvwj
e e e
Awa‡ekb 1
70
w`b
6
A¨vw±wfwU-4 : eY© w`‡q Qwei d¬vk Kv‡W©i mv‡_ k‡ãi KvW© wgjKiY I kã †Pbv
D‡Ïk¨ :
• Qwe †`‡L eY© I k‡ãi D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
• kã co‡Z cvi‡e
DcKiY : eY© m¤^wjZ Qwehy³ KvW©, Qwehy³ kã KvW©, kã KvW©
`j: 7/8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
†h †Kv‡bv 1wU eY© w`‡q eY© msewjZ Qwehy³ kã KvW©, kã KvW© †Uwe‡ji Ici G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i ivLyb| †hgb-
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Qwei mv‡_ kã KvW© wgj K‡i cvkvcvwk/Ic‡i wb‡P ivL‡Z ejyb
• kã D”Pvi‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ k‡ãi cÖ_g aŸwb ÔeÕ D”PviY evi evi Abykxjb Kivb Ges k㸇jv evi evi D”PviY Kivb, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv k‡ãi wjwLZ iƒ‡ci mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq Ges kã †`‡LB co‡Z cv‡i
• wewfbœ eY© w`‡q d¬vk KvW© eo `‡j e‡m wkÿv_©x‡`i ˆZwi Ki‡Z w`b
• †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq Ggb ai‡bi KvR w`b, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wb‡RivB d¬vk KvW© ˆZwi K‡i eY©, kã, Qwehy³ kã wgj K‡i GKv GKv wkL‡Z cv‡i
e e
e e e
evwo
e e
71
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 1
71
w`b
6
A¨vw±wfwU-5 : eY© I k‡ãi jyWz †Ljv|D‡Ïk¨ :
• †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z eY© wPb‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡e
• eY© w`‡q Qwe †`‡L †`‡L kã ej‡Z cvi‡e
• k‡ãi wjwLZ iƒ‡ci mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡e Ges kã co‡Z cvi‡e
DcKiY : eY©, eY© w`‡q Qwehy³ kã I kã KvW©|
`j : 7/8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbgq :
• wkÿK wba©vwiZ eY© w`‡q cvV¨eB, †n‡m‡L‡j cwo eB Gi eY© w`‡q Qwehy³ kã KvW©, Qwewenxb kã KvW© I cwiwPZ AviI wKQz Qwehy³ kã KvW© I kã w`‡q jyWz ˆZwi K‡i ivL‡eb| (Z_¨cÎ- bgybv jyWz -1)
• †QvU `‡j 4 Rb wkï‡K wb‡q †Lj‡eb Ges 4 Rb‡K 4 i‡Oi 1wU K‡i ¸wU †`‡eb
• evwK eÜyiv †`L‡eb I cÖ‡qvR‡b eY©, kã ejvi †ÿ‡Î mnvqZv Ki‡eb
• wkÿv_©xiv eY©, kã †Pbvi ci Zv‡`i w`‡q jyWz ˆZwi Kiv †kLv‡e
• wkïiv eo `‡j e‡m jyWz ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z wkL‡e
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
72
jyWy (bgybv-1)
N
NieB
evwo e M
Mi“ej
weovj eB
e eD
eK
eD ej weovj evwo
evev weovj
eK
ÔeÕ
eY© †kLvi jyWy
weovj ej eK
eK ej eB ej ej eB e
K
Kjv
evwo eK eK L
LB
e e
evwo
eK
w`b
1
73
w`b
6Awa‡ekb 1
A¨vw±wfwU-6 : kã †kLvi †Ljv (wiwWs †Mg)|D‡Ïk¨ : k‡ãi AvK…wZ I kã wPb‡e Ges D”PviY wkL‡e|
DcKiY : evK¨ KvW©, kã KvW©|
`j : 6/7 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
avc-1 :
• wkÿK cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K GKwU K‡i evK¨ KvW© †`‡eb| kã KvW©My‡jv wb‡Ri nv‡Z ivL‡eb
• GK GKwU Kv‡W©i kã D”PviY K‡i wkÿK wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, GB kãwU Kvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q
• kãwU hvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q †m nvZ Zzj‡e, ZLb wkÿK kãwU me wkÿv_©x‡K D”PviY Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges †h wkÿv_©x nvZ Zzj‡Q kã KvW©wU Zv‡K †`‡eb| wkÿv_©x kã KvW©wU Zvi evK¨ Kv‡W©i k‡ãi Ici ivL‡e
• Gfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i evK¨ Kv‡W©i kã wg‡j bv hvIqv ch©šÍ †Ljv Pj‡Z _vK‡e| wkÿK †QvU `‡j †LjvwU †Lj‡eb, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv eo `‡j e‡m †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z kã co‡Z cv‡i
avc-2 :
• cÖwZ `‡j 6 †_‡K 7 Rb wkÿv_©x wb‡q †QvU `‡j emyb
• GK GKwU evK¨ KvW© G‡KK Rb wkÿv_©xi mvg‡b ivL‡e
• k㸇jv D‡ëv K‡i gvSLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
• cÖ‡Z¨‡K cvjv K‡i GKwU kã KvW© IVv‡e, Zvi evK¨ Kv‡W©i mv‡_ Kv‡W©i kãwU wgj‡j evK¨ Kv‡W©i Ici ivL‡e
• Avi hw` bv †g‡j Z‡e Avevi D‡ëv K‡i gvSLv‡b †i‡L †`‡e
• hLb evK¨¸‡jvi cy‡iv k㸇jv wg‡j hv‡e ZLb †Ljv †kl n‡e
74
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
6
A¨vw±wfwU-7 : eY© w`‡q kã Luy‡R †ei Kiv I covD‡Ïk¨:
• eY© wP‡b co‡Z cvi‡e|
• eY© w`‡q kã Luy‡R †ei K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e
DcKiY : e‡Y©i †em †evW©, eY© w`‡q kã KvW©|
`j : 6/8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
• wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg‡b †h †Kv‡bv 3wU eY© w`‡q †em‡evW© ivLyb| †hgb-K, e, Z
• cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi LvZvq wb‡Pi †em‡ev‡W©i bgybv Abyhvqx †eBm †evW© AuvK‡Z ejyb
K e Z
• wkÿv_©xi AuvKv †k‡l ÔeÕ eY© w`‡q Qwehy³ GKvwaK (ej, eB, ei, eK, evwo, weovj) kã KvW© I Ab¨ eY© Øviv kã KvW© G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e †Uwe‡ji Dci ivLyb
• wkÿv_©x‡`i ejyb GUv GKvwaK gRvi †Ljv| 2 wgwbU ch©šÍ †Ljv Pj‡e
• Gevi wkÿv_©x‡`i eY© w`‡q k‡ãi d¬vk KvW©¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei K‡i wbR wbR †em †Kv‡W©i eY© e‡Y©i N‡i ivL‡Z ejyb
• mgq †kl n‡j wbR wbR KvW©My‡jv co‡Z ejyb| †h †ewk KvW© cv‡e Zv‡K weRqx Kiæb
• GKBfv‡e wkÿv_©xiv ÔKÕ I ÔZÕ e‡Y©i k㸇jv Luy‡R †ei K‡i †eBm‡ev‡W©i N‡i ivL‡e
• A¨vw±wfwU wkÿv_©xiv eo `‡j e‡m 3-4 wgwbU Kxfv‡e †Lj‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb
• †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq G A¨vw±wfwUi Ici KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb
w`b
1
75
w`b
6Awa‡ekb 1
A¨vw±wfwU-8 : KviwPý †Pbv I cwiwPZ e‡Y©i mv‡_ KviwPý mn‡hv‡M kã ˆZwi|
D‡Ïk¨ :
• KviwPý wP‡b D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e• cwPwPZ e‡Y©i mv‡_ ÔvÕ wPý †hv‡M kã ej‡Z I co‡Z cvi‡e
DKiY : KviwPý KvW©, kã I kãvsk KvW©|
`j : 6/8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbgq :
• †QvU `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i KviwPý KvW© †`Lvb Ges LvZvq wjLyb| †hgb-ÔvÕ Kvi| D”PviY †kLvb Av = v Kvi
• Av Ges ÔvÕ Kvi `y‡Uv D”PviYB Av, Av k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e‡m | †hgb-evev, Avgvi
• Gevi †hme eY© Av‡MB †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mv‡_ Ô v Õ Kvi hy³ K‡i evbvb †kLvb| A_ev e/m Gi mv‡_ Ô v Õ hy³ K‡i wKQz kã ej‡Z ejyb Ges LvZvq wjLyb| †hgb-
• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi Ask Avjv`v K‡i d¬vk Kv‡W© wjLyb I D”PviY Kiæb| †hgb-• cÖ_‡g kã KvW©wU †`Lvb ev kã LvZvq wjLyb| Zvici kãvsk¸‡jvi KvW© †`wL‡q A_ev LvZvq wj‡L
D”PviY Kiæb Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i w`‡qI evievi D”PviY Kivb
• eo `‡j e‡m Abykxjb Kivi Rb¨ wkÿK †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq wkÿv_©x‡`i G ai‡bi KvR †`‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq eY©, kã I kãvsk KvW© mieivn Ki‡eb| A_ev wkÿv_©x‡`i w`‡q ˆZwi Ki‡eb
v
`v`v
evev
kã KvW© kãvsk KvW©
`v
ev
+
+
`v
ev
`v`v
evev
=
=
76
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
6
A¨vw±wfwU-9 : KviwPý †Pbv I KviwPý w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ejv, cov, evbvb Kiv I †jLv|
D‡Ïk¨:
• ÔKviÕ wPý wP‡b D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
• ÔKviÕ wPý w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ej‡Z, co‡Z I evbvb K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e
DcKiY : eY© I KviwPý msewjZ KvW©
`j : 6/8 Rb
A¨vw±wfwUi wbqg :
• †QvU `‡j †em †evW©/LvZvq 1wU KviwPý wjL‡eb| wkÿv_©x‡`i Ôw Õ KviwPý w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g 1wU K‡i cwiwPZ kã ej‡Z ej‡eb
• wkÿv_©x‡`i kã gvBÛ g¨vwcs Gi gva¨‡g wjL‡eb| wkÿv_©xiv cÖ‡qvR‡b eB †`‡L ej‡e
• wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i ejv kãwU evbvb K‡i ej‡eb Avi wjL‡eb| evi evi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb
• Gevi eY© I KviwPý msewjZ GKvwaK KvW© G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e †Uwe‡ji Dci ivLyb Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i eY© I KviwPý e¨envi K‡i kã ˆZwi Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb| kã evbvb K‡i LvZvq †jLvi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb|
• kã KvW©, eY© KvW© I wPý KvW© wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg‡b ivLyb | Gevi k‡ã e¨eüZ eY© I wPý cvkvcvwk mvRv‡Z ejyb| k‡ãi wb‡P eY© I wPý¸‡jv mvRv‡bvi ci GK GK K‡i avivevwnKfv‡e cÖwZwU eY© I wPý co‡Z ej‡eb|
jvwUg jvwUg
jvwUg
jvwUg
jvwUg
A¨vw±wfwU-9 : KviwPý †Pbv I KviwPý w`‡q cwiwPZ kã ejv, cov, evbvb Kiv I †jLv|
77
• wkÿv_©x‡`i AviI ej‡eb wbw`©ó mg‡q †h wkÿv_©x †ewk k‡ã wb‡Pi eY© I wPý ej‡Z cvi‡e †m weRqx n‡e|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i w`‡q evi evi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv eo `‡j e‡m †Rvovq, `‡j I GKvKx Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• kÖæZwjwc wjL‡Z †`‡eb Ges evbvb K‡i wjL‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
• †jLvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV¨eB I †n‡m‡L‡j cwo eB‡qi e‡Y©i mwVK AvK…wZ msewjZ WU Øviv Abykxjbx Kv‡W© Abykxjb Kiv‡eb|
78
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
6
†QvU `‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv(K) cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (mvejxj `j) : †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU †kÖwY‡ZB wKQz wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, hviv Zv‡`i Kvw•ÿZ †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| A_©vr H †kÖwYi mvejxj cvVK hviv wm‡jevm Abyhvqx GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| G mKj wkÿv_©x‡K cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘ †QvU `‡j G‡b †kLv‡bvi mgq jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h, wkÿv_©xi cVb `ÿZvi cvkvcvwk †hb Zv‡`i wjLb `ÿZviI Dbœqb N‡U| wkÿv_©xiv †hb K¬v‡mi cy‡iv mgq mwµq I A_©c~Y©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| mvejxj `‡ji wkÿv_©xiv †h‡nZz †ev‡W© wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbv eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges eo ‡j e‡m Abykxjbg~jK KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mRb¨ wkÿK cvwÿK cwiKíbvq wm‡jevm Abyhvqx KweZv I Mí wba©viY Ki‡eb| evsjv Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡K Mí, KweZv, Z_¨wfwËK †jLv wg‡j †gvU cvV Av‡Q 11wU| Avi Avgv‡`i mviv eQ‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv Kiv hvq 13/14wU| Kv‡RB mvejxj MÖæ‡ci Rb¨ 1wU cvwÿ‡K 1wU Mí I 1wU KweZv AšÍfy©³ K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb|
†m‡ÿ‡Î Z…Zxq †kÖwYi 1wU Mí-ivRv I Zvi wZb Kb¨v (8-10 c„:) Gi Ici cvV wkwL As‡k Abykxjbg~jK KvR Av‡Q 9wU| †hgb-
1. k㸇jvi A_© †R‡b †bB| evK¨¸‡jv cwo|
2. hy³eY©¸‡jv wP‡b †bB| hy³eY© w`‡q MwVZ bZzb kã cwo (9wU hy³eY© msewjZ kã †f‡O †`Iqv Av‡Q Ges AviI 2wU K‡i kã †`Iqv Av‡Q)|
3. wVK DËiwU evQvB K‡i ewj I wjwL|
4. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kwi|
5. gy‡L gy‡L DËi ewj|
6. DËi¸‡jv wjwL|
7. K_v¸‡jvi DËi †R‡b †bB|
8. bvg †evSv‡bv kã †R‡b †bB|
9. MíwU gy‡L gy‡L ewj|
Avevi 1wU KweZv-Avgv‡`i GB †`k (15 c„.) Gi Ici cvV wkwL As‡k Abykxjbg~jK KvR Av‡Q 8wU| †hgb-
1. k㸇jv †R‡b bB| evK¨¸‡jv cwo|
2. hy³eY©¸‡jv wP‡b †bB (6wU hy³eY© msewjZ kã †f‡½ †`Lv‡bv Av‡Q Ges AviI 2wU K‡i kã Av‡Q)|
3. wVK DËiwU evQvB K‡i ewj I wjwL|
4. gy‡L gy‡L DËi ewj I wjwL|
5. Wvb w`‡Ki cÖwZ mvwi‡Z ywU K‡i K_v Av‡Q| KweZvq e¨eüZ wVK K_vwU wb‡q evg w`‡Ki Lvwj RvqMv c~iY Kwi|
†QvU `‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
79
6. KweZvwU mevB wg‡j GKm‡½ †Rv‡i †Rv‡i cwo|
7. KweZvwU bv †`‡L wjwL|
8. evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© wZbwU evK¨ wjwL|
GKBfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ Mí I KweZvq cvV wkwL As‡k 7-11wU K‡i Abykxjbg~jK KvR Av‡Q| Avevi GB Abykxjbg~jK Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ wKQz cÖ‡kœi aib GKB iK‡gi †hgb-kãv_©, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, cÖ‡kœvËi|
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡`i †kLv‡bvi Rb¨/KvR Kivi Rb¨ 2wU RvqMv i‡q‡Q| GK n‡jv eo ‡j e‡m Abykxjbg~jK KvR Av‡iK n‡jv †QvU `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR| hw` 1wU K¬v‡m Dc`‡ji msL¨v nq 6, Zvn‡j cÖwZwU `j †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq 6 evi| A_©vr M‡íi Rb¨ †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq 3 evi Ges KweZvi Rb¨ my‡hvM cvq 3 evi| wKš‘ eo `‡j e‡m Abykxjbg~jK KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq 15 w`b|
Kv‡RB ˆ`wbK cwiKíbvi mgq wkÿv_©xiv eo `‡j e‡m Kx Kx Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges †QvU `‡j wkÿK Kx Kx †kLv‡eb Zv wba©viY Ki‡eb| Avevi †QvU `‡j †kLv‡bvi cieZ©x 1-3 w`b wkÿv_©x eo `‡j e‡m Kx Kx welq Abykxjb Ki‡e Zv †QvU `‡jB eywS‡q †`‡eb| A_©vr cieZ©x w`b¸‡jvi †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvI †QvU `‡j e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| G `j‡K cvV wkwL As‡ki Abykxjbg~jK KvR †k‡l Abyiƒc Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœ ˆZwii Rb¨ eo `‡j KvR †`‡eb|
wkÿK hv hv Ki‡eb :
• 1wU cvwÿ‡K 15 Kg©w`e‡mi g‡a¨ 15 w`bB wkÿv_©x‡`i eo `‡j Abykxjbg~jK KvR Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q| Kv‡RB wkÿK †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq GKvKx cov I cvV wkwL As‡ki Abykxjbg~jK KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb|
• Avevi hLb wkÿv_©xiv †QvU `‡j Avm‡e ZLb wkÿK c~‡e©i K¬v‡mi Abykxjbg~jK KvR¸‡jv †`L‡eb I cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b †`‡eb| Gici cvV wkwL As‡ki †h †Kv‡bv µwg‡Ki 1wU welq wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb| †hgb-ivRv I Zuvi wZb Kb¨vi Ici cvV wkwL As‡k 4bs µwg‡K Av‡Q k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kwi| wkÿK welqwU wb‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ KvR Ki‡eb Ges Kxfv‡e k~b¨¯’vb c~i‡Yi Ici wkÿv_©xiv cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡e Zv †kLv‡eb|
• †h‡nZz cvV¨eB‡qi me¸‡jv cv‡Vi †k‡l cvV wkwL As‡k Abykxjbg~jK KvR Av‡Q, †m¸‡jv wb‡q wkÿK †QvU ‡j KvR Ki‡eb Ges cieZ©x K¬v‡m †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq wkÿv_©x‡`i eo ‡j e‡m Abyiƒc cÖkœ Zwi Ki‡Z †`‡eb|
• G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK †Lqvj Ki‡eb hv‡Z ch©vqµ‡g wkÿv_©xiv cvV wkwL As‡ki me ai‡bi cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• wkÿv_©x Øviv ïay cÖkœ ˆZwiB bq, wkÿv_©x‡`i Øviv ˆZwiK…Z cÖkœ Ab¨ wkÿv_©xivI e¨envi Ki‡e|
(L) cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welq wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (AvswkK `j) :
• †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU †kÖwY‡ZB eo ai‡bi GKUv Ask Av‡Q hviv Zv‡`i wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi eB I wb‡Pi †kÖwYi eB wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq co‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr hy³eY© msewjZ kã, bZzb kã co‡Z mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gme wkÿv_©x‡K †QvU ‡j G‡b mnvqZvi
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
80
mgq jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkÿv_©x©i cVb `ÿZvi Dbœqb nq| wkÿv_©x© †hb Zvi cy‡iv mgq cVb `ÿZvi Dbœqb nq Ggb ai‡bi Kv‡R mwµq I A_©c~Y©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| †h‡nZz G `‡ji wkÿv_©xiv mvejxj `‡ji g‡Zv †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mRb¨ G `j‡K wkÿK Zvi wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi cvV¨eB n‡Z Mí I KweZv wbe©vPb K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î Mí I KweZv mvejxjfv‡e covi †ÿ‡Î †Rvi †`‡eb Ges cvV wkwL As‡ki Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q wKbv? †hgb †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Kiv, cÖ‡kœi DËi †`‡L †`‡L Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †jLv| bZzb KwVb kã Lyu‡R †ei Kiv, k‡ãi D”PviY Abykxjb Kiv, Abykxjbg~jK KvR Kiv‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z mvejxj cvVK nIqvi ci AviI Ab¨vb¨ Abykxjbg~jK KvR Kiv‡eb|
• hw` †kÖwYK‡ÿ 6wU ¯ÍiwfwËK `j _v‡K Zvn‡j cÖwZwU `j 6 evi †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK H †kÖwYi cvV¨eB‡qi cvV n‡Z 1wU Mí I 1wU KweZv wb‡q cvwÿK cwiKíbv Ki‡eb| wkÿv_©xi mvejxjZv e„w×i †ÿ‡Î hw` 1wU cvwÿ‡K 1wU Mí I 1wU KweZv †kl Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib †m †ÿ‡Î 1wU Mí A_ev 1wU KweZv AšÍf©y³ K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv Ki‡eb|
• AvswkK `‡ji wkÿv_©xi †h‡nZz 1wU cvwÿ‡Ki 15 w`b eo `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM, †mRb¨ wkÿK †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbvq cvV¨eB‡qi cvV GKvKx c‡o bZzb kã, hy³eY© msewjZ kã I D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv co‡Z cv‡i Ggb kã Lyu‡R †ei K‡i wbR LvZvq ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ej‡eb| A_ev wkÿK kã †jLvi Rb¨ KvMR kã KvW© †kÖwYK‡ÿi Szwo‡Z ivL‡eb| wkÿv_©xiv kã KvW© wb‡q cvV¨vsk c‡o bZzb kã Lyu‡R †ei K‡i kã Kv‡W© wjL‡e|
• wkÿv_©xiv †h‡nZz †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq 6 w`b, Kv‡RB wkÿK GB 6 w`b †Kvb Zvwi‡L †QvU `‡j Kx †kLv‡eb Zv ˆ`wbK cwiKíbvq AšÍf©y³ Ki‡eb| ˆ`wbK cwiKíbvq †QvU `‡ji KvR wbe©vP‡bi mgq Ggb KvR wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i cVb `ÿZv e„w× cvq| †hgb-Mí ivRv I Zuvi wZb Kb¨v|
w`b †QvU `‡ji KvR eo `‡ji KvR
cÖ_g - cÖ_g-wØZxq wZbevi Aby‡”Q` cov I KwVb kã Lyu‡R †ei
KwVb k㸇jv cov K‡i ......Z…Zxq I PZz_© Aby‡”Q` GKvKx †Rvovq
evi evi D”PviY Kiv‡bv Aby‡”Q` cov I bZzb k‡ãi ZvwjKv ˆZwi
wkÿ‡Ki Av`k© cvV
cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv
Z…Zxq - Aby‡”Q` cov I bZzb k‡ãi ZvwjKv ˆZwi
PZz_© Z…Zxq I PZz_© Aby‡”Q‡`i cÂg I lô Aby‡”Q‡`i bZzb kã kã Kv‡W© wj‡L
bZzb kã cov A4 mvBR KvM‡R †Rvovq/`jMZfv‡e jvMv‡bv
wkÿv_©x‡`i Øviv ch©vqµ‡g Ges jyWz ˆZwi
cov Ges cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv
†QvU `‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
81
cÂg jyWz †Ljv (wkÿv_©xiv jyWzi Q°v Pvj‡e Ges †h
k‡ãi cv‡k Q°v co‡e Zv‡K †mB kã ej‡Z n‡e|
kã ejvi ci kã hw` h_vh_fv‡e ej‡Z cv‡i
Zvn‡j †mB kãwU †K‡U †`‡e| Gfv‡e †h
me‡P‡q †ewk kã ej‡Z cvi‡e †m weRqx n‡e)
lô cÂg I lô Aby‡”Q‡`i cvV wkwL 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †jLv
bZzb I KwVb kã cov
wkÿv_©x‡`i cov‡kvbv
cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv Kiv
cvV wkwL 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †jLv|
mßg cieZ©x w`‡bi Kv‡Ri cvV wkwL 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †jLv|
wb‡`©kbv eywS‡q †`Iqv |
A_©vr 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †jLv
Aóg cÖ‡kœvËi g~j¨vqb I hy³eY© w`‡q AviI bZzb kã ˆZwi
cÖ‡qvRbxq ..... †`qv bœv ivbœv
hy³eY© †f‡O †`Lv‡bv b + b Kvbœv
hy³eY© w`‡q bZzb kã
(cvVwkwL 2bs µwgK) cov
Aóg hy³eY© w`‡q bZzb kã cov 1bs µwg‡Ki k㸇jvi A_© evK¨ ˆZwi Kiv
cvV wkwL 1bs µwg‡Ki k㸇jvi
A_© Rvbv I cov
beg hy³eY© w`‡q bZzb kã cov k‡ãi A_© †jLv I evK¨ ˆZwi
cvV wkwL 1bs µwg‡Ki k㸇jvi
A_© Rvbv I cov
`kg k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
82
GKv`k - cvV wkwL 4bs µwg‡Ki k~b¨¯’vb Gi Dcvq ˆZwiK…Z cÖkœcÎ c~iY Kiv
Øv`k - cvV wkwL 5bs µwg‡Ki DËi¸‡jv †jLv
·qv`k - cvV wkwL 5bs µwg‡Ki DËi¸‡jv †jLv
PZzÏ©k - kã w`‡q evK¨ ˆZwi
cÂ`k - cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv
• K‡qKwU cvwÿK cwiKíbvq wkÿK eo j I †QvU ‡j covi Ici †Rvi †`‡eb| wkÿv_©x‡`i wd« wiwWs wbwðZ Ki‡eb| wkÿv_©x hZ †ewk eB co‡e ZZ Zv‡`i kãfvÊvi evo‡e Ges covi Drmvn e„w× cv‡e|
(M) cvV¨eB‡qi welq wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú~Y© wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ A_©vr cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x©|
• †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwY‡Z wKQz wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, hviv cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggvb| Gme wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq, †KD †KD evbvb K‡i c‡o, †KD wKQz wKQz kã co‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †KD †KD eY© †P‡b wKš‘ wKQz wkÿv_©x KviwPý †P‡b bv, Avevi †KD †KD wKQz eY© I KviwPý †P‡b bv| Kv‡RB wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi evsjv wkÿK‡K Aek¨B cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB e¨envi K‡i eY©, kã, ev‡K¨i Ici DcKiY ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿK †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj we‡kølY K‡i †`L‡eb Zvi †kÖwY‡Z KZRb wkï GB Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q| wkÿv_©xi msL¨v hw` †ewk nq Zvn‡j GKB DcKi‡Yi GKvwaK †mU ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i Øviv DcKiY ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q wkÿKMY cÖwZwU kvLv Abyhvqx 5 †mU A_ev cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ_g †kÖwYi GKvwaK †mU DcKiY ˆZwi Ki‡eb| wkÿKMY cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mv‡_ mv‡_B cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB‡qi DcKiYmg~n ˆZwi Ki‡eb| KviY (1) cÖwZwU †kÖwY‡ZB cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, wKš‘ H †kÖwY‡Z wkÿK I wkïi Kv‡Q cÖ_g †kÖwYi eB †bB|
• (2) Avevi, wØZxq, Z„Zxq, PZz_©, cÂg †kÖwY‡Z hw` cÖ_g †kÖwYi eB e¨envi Kiv nq Zvn‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i gv‡S wgkÖ cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
• cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi GB wkï‡`i †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Av‡jv‡K wkÿK evwl©K cwiKíbvi jÿ¨ wba©viY Ki‡eb| †m Abyhvqx cvwÿK I ˆ`wbK cwiKíbv Ki‡eb| G `‡ji wkÿv_©x©‡`i H †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ AbymiY bv K‡i cÖ_g †kÖwYi eB I mggv‡bi eB e¨envi K‡i ˆZwiK…Z DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ †kLv‡eb|
• cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, cÖwZwU e‡Y©i Rb¨ 3/4wU K‡i kã 2wU K‡i evK¨ I †jLvi Rb¨ Abykxjbg~jK Activity Sheet Av‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK †QvU `‡j G‡b eY© †Pbv, †jLv, kã cov, †jLvi KvR Ki‡eb Ges eo `‡j wkï‡`i wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov GKvKx KvR Kivi my‡hvM A_v©r Activity wba©viY Ki‡eb| G `‡ji wkÿv_©x©iv †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv co‡Z cv‡i bv, Kv‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Kx Av‡Q, ZvI co‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB wkÿK‡K †QvU `‡j e‡mB cieZ©x‡Z eo`‡j e‡m wkÿv_©xiv Kx Kx KvR Ki‡e Zv eywS‡q †`‡eb Ges cÖwZw`b †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv eywS‡q †`‡eb| Work Sheet Ges Activity Sheet Gi Dc‡ii wb‡`©kbvmg~n co‡Z †kLv‡eb, hv‡Z wkïiv ¯^v”Q›`¨ Abyfe K‡i Ges Zv‡`i wbR wbR MwZ‡Z GwM‡q hvq|
8383
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
7
†QvU `‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY I cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
• cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x Ges wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi †h wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi, A_©vr hviv wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov co‡Z cv‡i bv ev kã, eY©, KviwPý ev evbvb †KŠkj Rv‡b bv, Zv‡`i Kxfv‡e †QvU `‡j wkLb mnvqZv †`Iqv n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
• cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eBwU‡Z eY©, kã, KviwPý Ges evbvb †KŠkj QvovI AviI wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR Av‡Q, †hgb-
1. gy‡L gy‡L ewj 2. Qov/KweZv Ave„wË3. Qwe †`‡L Mí ejv 4. Mí ejv BZ¨vw`• †h wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_g †kÖwYi Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eBwU Av‡Q| wKš‘y wØZxq, Z…Zxq,
PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi †h wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖ_g †kÖwYi cvV¨eB †bB, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡Q h_vµ‡g wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwYi cvV¨eB| †h eB¸‡jvi ÔwiwWsÕ `ÿZv Zv‡`i †bB| myZivs cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Zv‡`i cvV¨eB Ges Ab¨vb¨ †h mg¯Í mnvqK (Supplimentary) DcKiY Av‡Q Zv w`‡q, Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨ DcKiY ˆZwi K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Ab¨ †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i hv‡`i wkLb¯Íi cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨, GKB ai‡bi DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs GB wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡`i GKwU mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvi cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZ Zuviv wbY©q Ki‡eb-
1. cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Ggb wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KqRb 2. wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z Ggb wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KqRb 3. Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z Ggb wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KqRb 4. PZz_© †kÖwY‡Z Ggb wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KqRb 5. cÂg †kÖwY‡Z Ggb wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KqRb
• GB wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY jvM‡e/Kq †mU K‡i jvM‡e|
1. k‡ãi KvW©2. e‡Y©i KvW©3. KviwPý 4. kã/eY©/jyWz 5. Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY 6. eB
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
84
• Ggbfv‡e iæwU‡b evsjv welqwU‡K †mU Kiv †hb GKB DcKiY wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K|
†QvU `‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY I cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wewfbœ A¨vw±wfwUi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i †h eY©, kã ev KvwiKzjv‡g wewfbœ Competency AR©b Kiv‡bv DwPZ| Zv Abykxjb Ki‡Z, wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv‡bv hvq Gfv‡e, cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx K‡qKwU cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡e
1. cvV¨eB‡qi KweZv gyL¯’ ejv 2. eY© †Pbv‡bv 3. k‡ãi/Qwei mv‡_ †gjv‡bv 4. GKwU M‡íi Askwe‡kl cov Ges `yB-GKwU cÖkœ Kiv 5. k‡ãi jyWz †Ljv 6. k㸇jv LvZvq wjL‡Z ejv 7. `ywU e‡Y©i mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bv 8. kã/Qwe, Qwe-kã ïay kã cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv 9. KviwPý w`‡q GKwU A¨vw±wfwU Kiv‡bv • †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xi msL¨v Abyhvqx cÖwZwU `j cÖwZ cvwÿ‡K KZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq wkL‡b AskMÖnY
Ki‡e Zv Avgv‡`i wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvovI wkÿv_©x‡`i mg‡qi c~Y© mبenv‡ii Rb¨, cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x evwK w`b¸‡jv‡Z Kx Kx KvR wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. eY© I KviwPý w`‡q cvV¨eB A¨vKwUwfwU wkU I IqvK© wkU n‡Z Qwehy³ kã ej‡e I kã co‡e| 2. Qwehy³ kã n‡Z k‡ãi wjwLZ iƒc wP‡b co‡e| 3. eY©, Qwehy³ kã I k‡ãi d¬vk KvW© wgj Ki‡e| 4. `‡ji m`m¨iv cwiwPZ eY©/KviwPý w`‡q mggv‡bi eB, cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki KweZv I Mí n‡Z kã Lyu‡R †ei
K‡i co‡e| 5. G‡j‡g‡jv eY©, kã I KviwPý wgwj‡q kã I evK¨ ˆZwi Ki‡e| 6. eY©, KviwPý w`‡q eB‡qi evB‡ii kã ej‡e I wjL‡e| 7. `‡ji m`m¨iv wg‡j mggv‡bi eB, cyi‡bv cvV¨cy¯ÍK n‡Z ˆZwi Mí I KweZvi eB co‡e Ges bZzb I
AcwiwPZ kã wPwýZ Ki‡e| • wkÿv_©xiv eY© w`‡q cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki kã I cwiwPZ kã kã Kv‡W© wjL‡e| G `‡ji m`m¨iv Zv‡`i kã
KvW©¸‡jv KvM‡R †có K‡i jyWz ˆZwi K‡i †Lj‡e| eÜzi mnvqZv wb‡q †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z kã wkL‡e| • KweZvi k㸇jv wiwWs †M‡gi gva¨‡g wkL‡e| • wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov I evwK k‡ãi wjwLZ iƒ‡ci mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Qwehy³
k‡ãi KvW© I kã KvW© _vKv| wkÿv_©x Qwe †`‡LB kãwU ej‡Z cvi‡e| Qwehy³ kã Kv‡W© Kx †jLv Av‡Q, Zv Qwe †`‡LB co‡Z cvi‡e| Gfv‡e Qwehy³ kã I kã Kv‡W©i mv‡_ cÖ_g wgj Ki‡Z †`‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z ïay Qwei KvW© I G‡jv‡g‡jv kã Kv‡W©i wgj Ki‡Z †`‡eb, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv GKv GKv k‡ãi wjwLZ iƒ‡ci mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq Ges kã co‡Z cv‡i|
• ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h wkÿK †QvU `‡j e‡mB eo `‡j e‡m wkÿv_©xiv Kx Kx Abykxjbg~jK KvR Kxfv‡e Ki‡e Zv eywS‡q †`‡eb| ZvQvov A¨vw±wfwU wkU, IqvK© KvW© I jyWzi wb‡`©kbv co‡Z †kLv‡eb, hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv Kv‡W©i wb‡`©kbv c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i|
w`b
1
85
w`b
7Awa‡ekb 2
wjLb `ÿZv e„w×i †KŠkjmg~nGKRb mvejxj †jLK, †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi A_©‡evaKfv‡e wb‡Ri gZvgZ cÖKvk (Communication) Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv A‡b¨iv c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i| cÖPwjZ †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq-
1. Gfv‡e ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wkÿv_©x©‡`i Kx wjL‡Z †`Iqv nq bv? ev
2. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbx‡Z G ai‡bi †jLvi Rb¨ Lye †ewk KvR †bB, wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K Abykxjbx‡Z 1/2wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ _v‡K, †m cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi cvV¨eB‡q †`Iqv †bB, wKš‘ wkÿv_©x‡`i H cÖ‡kœi DËi wb‡R wb‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq|
wKš‘
1. †h wkÿv_©xiv eY©/kã/KviwPý †P‡b bv ev mvejxjfv‡e wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i bv, Zviv wK H cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e?
2. Ges cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x©‡`i Rb¨ GiKg †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB|
G Kvi‡Y bZzb mgq e¨e¯’vcbv Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq Av‡Q Ges cÖwZwU †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x H mg‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e wKQz bv wKQz wjL‡e|
cÖ¯ÍvweZ ˆ`wbK mgq e¨e¯’vcbv Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©xiv 15 wgwbU mgq m„Rbkxj †jLv ÔAvgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLvÕ e¨q Ki‡e, Ges wewfbœ A¨vw±wfwU †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i wjLb `ÿZv e„w× Kiv‡bv hvq, †hgb-
1. Qwe AuvKv ÔAvgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLvÕ Qwe Gu‡K Qwei wb‡P eY©bv †jLv
2. Mí †jLv
3. †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ev‡K¨i Ici Aby‡”Q` †jLv
4. †h †Kv‡bv †jLvi mvivsk (Summery) †jLv
5. Z_¨wfwËK †jLv
• cÖwZw`b m„Rbkxj †jLvi my‡hvM K‡i †`Iqvi d‡j wkÿv_©xiv †h †Kv‡bv †jLvi Ici wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvivi `ÿZv AR©b K‡i|
86
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
m„Rbkxj †jLv/Avgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLv• †kÖwYK‡ÿ m„Rbkxj †jLv ÔAvgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLvÕ wkïi wkL‡bi Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó wel‡q hLb wkÿv_©x Zvi wb‡R¯^ wPšÍv, fvebv, Av‡eM Dcjw× w`‡q G‡Kev‡iB wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cªKvk K‡i wjwLZ i~c w`‡Z cv‡i ZLb Zv‡K m„Rbkxj †jLv e‡j| GB †jLv wkÿv_©xi wPšÍv-†PZbv‡K m‡PZb I mg„× K‡i| d‡j µ‡g µ‡g wkÿv_©x AvZ¥wek¦vmx I ¯^wbf©i †jLK n‡q I‡V| m„Rbkxj †jLvi gva¨‡gÑ
1. wkïi Kíbvkw³ ev‡o
2. myß cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U
3. ¯^vaxbfv‡e g‡bi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i I †jLvi RoZv `~i nq
4. gyL¯’ Kivi cÖeYZv K‡g I AvZ¥wek¦vm ev‡o|
Mí †jLv, Aby‡”Q` †jLv, wPwV †jLv, wbR m¤ú‡K© †jLv, e¨vL¨v, Zzjbv, we‡kølY BZ¨vw` m„Rbkxj †jLvi D`vniY|
• cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©x †h †Kv‡bv GKwU welq m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv K‡i welqwU m¤ú‡K© Qwe AuvK‡e Ges QwewUi welqe¯‘ †jLvi †Póv Ki‡e| wkÿK‡K Qwei MíwU ej‡e| wkÿK Zv‡`i ejv MíwU Qwei wb‡P Kgc‡ÿ wZbwU evK¨ w`‡q wj‡L †`‡eb| †jLvi mgq `yB ev‡K¨i gv‡S duvK ivL‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_©xiv duvKv RvqMvq wkÿ‡Ki †jLv AbyKiY K‡i wjL‡e| ax‡i ax‡i wkÿv_©xiv eyS‡e, †jLvI g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki GKUv gva¨g| GB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g GK ch©v‡q wkÿv_©xiv Qwe Gu‡K wb‡RivB Mí wjL‡Z cvi‡e| †hme wkÿv_©x wb‡R wb‡R evK¨ wjL‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K AviI wjL‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wkÿv_©xiv ax‡i ax‡i ¯^wbf©i †jLK n‡q DV‡e|
welqwfwËK †jLv :
• welqwfwËK †jLvq wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i welq m¤ú‡K© m~Î awi‡q †`b| †hgb-†Zvgvi kL, C‡`i QzwU, ˆekvLx †gjv| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK welq D‡jøL Ki‡jI wkÿv_©x wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wPšÍv K‡i Zvi †jLvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk K‡i| Avevi †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkïiv †h cv‡Vi Ici KvR K‡i Zvi Abyiƒc Ab¨ GKwU welq wkÿK wba©viY K‡i †`b| G wel‡qi Ici wkÿv_©x wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i g‡bi fve ¸wQ‡q †j‡L| †hgbÑZ…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z wPwV cvV †k‡l wkÿv_©x‡`i ÷z‡W›U KvDwÝj wb‡q eÜz‡K/evev‡K wPwV wjL‡Z †`Iqv|
87
w`b
1
87
w`b
7
Mí †jLvi wewfbœ †KŠkjwewfbœ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i Mí †jLvi Abykxjb Kiv‡bv hvq; †hgb-
• cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x GKwU K‡i Mí †jLv I Qwe AuvKv;
• `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU Mí †jLv;
• cª‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x wbw`©ó wKQz kã e¨envi K‡i GKwU K‡i Mí †jLv, †hgb-†h MíwU wjL‡e †mB M‡í wgZv, weovj, gvQ, cyKzi, gv, nvU, bvwb, eUMvQ- GB k㸇jvi Kgc‡ÿ 4wU kã e¨envi K‡i MíwU †jLv;
• `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU Mí †jLv Ges †mB M‡í wbw`©ó wKQz k‡ãi e¨envi _vK‡e| †hgb-¯‹zj, †jLv, nxiv, gwY, †cQ‡b hvIqv, Avb›`, ytL, †`Šo BZ¨vw`i Kgc‡ÿ 4wU kã e¨envi K‡i MíwU †jLv|
• M‡í †h ˆewk󨸇jv _vK‡Z nq Zv n‡jv-
1. M‡í GK ev GKvwaK PwiÎ _v‡K
2. Mí GK ev GKvwaK NUbv‡K wN‡i M‡o I‡V
3. M‡í mgq _v‡K, A_©vr eZ©gvb AZxZ ev fwel¨r
4. Mí †Kv‡bv GKwU mgm¨v‡K ev Avb›``vqK NUbv‡K wN‡i M‡o I‡V Ges cieZ©x‡Z †mB mgm¨vwUi mgvavb nq
5. M‡í †Kvb GKwU ¯’vb _v‡KÑ
• Mí †jLv‡bvi cvkvcvwk wkÿv_©x‡`i cwVZ eB‡qi Ici cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡Z †`Iqv hvq| we`¨vj‡q †h eB¸‡jv Av‡Q, †hgb-
1. wØZxq-cÂg cvV¨eB Gi †h †Kv‡bv cvV
2. miKvi KZ…©K cÖ`Ë mnvqK cvV DcKiY
3. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi cvV¨eB‡qi cvV
4. DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv ey¨‡ivi M‡íi eB
5. †h †Kv‡bv M‡íi eB
6. Z…ZxqÑcÂg †kÖwYi mgvR ev weÁvb eB‡qi †h †Kvb cvV|
• GB eB¸‡jv †_‡K Zviv †h †Kv‡bv GKwU cvV ev eB‡qi Ici wfwË K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i cQ›`K…Z †jLvwU co‡e| †jLvwU covi ci Mí, Rxebxg~jK †jLv, Z_¨wfwËK †jLvi Rb¨ Z_¨c‡Îi bgybv e¨envi K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡e| Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
Awa‡ekb 2
88
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
7
Mí we‡kølY QKeB‡qi bvg †jL‡Ki bvg
mgm¨v
M‡íi †k‡l Kx n‡jv
Zzwg wK MíwU cQ›` K‡iQ
†Kv_vq NUbv N‡U
PwiÎ
cÖavb NUbv¸‡jv Kx Kx
89
w`b
1
89
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
e„wói w`b
Avwg e„wó cQ›` Kwi| wKš‘ †ewk e„wó n‡j Avgvi Lye wei³
jv‡M| Z‡e e„wói w`b Avwg....
90
w`b
7Awa‡ekb 2
90
M‡íi mvivskGKwU eB m¤^‡Ü †jLv
†Kv_vq?
M‡íi NUbv †Kv_vq N‡U‡Q? RvqMvwUi eY©bv `vI|
PwiÎMy‡jv
M‡íi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Pwi‡Îi †QvU K‡i eY©bv `vI|
M‡íi NUbv Kx N‡UwQj? cÖ_‡g Kx N‡UwQj, gv‡S Kx N‡UwQj Ges †k‡l Kx N‡UwQj?
†klM‡íi †kl Kxfv‡e n‡q‡Q, Lywki, gRvi bv `yt‡Li?
9191
w`b
1w`b
7
91
MíwU bZyb K‡i †jLv
bvg........................ M‡íi bvg...................†jL‡Ki bvg.....................................
PwiÎ .......................................................................................................
†Kv_vq .......................................................................................................
mgm¨v .......................................................................................................
mgvavb ......................................................................................................
M‡íi we‡kl NUbv¸‡jv
1. ..........................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................
4. ..........................................................................................................
5. ..........................................................................................................
MíwU bZyb K‡i †jLv
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
Awa‡ekb 2
92
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
92
Z_¨g~jK †jLvi Ici Av‡jvPbv
wk‡ivbvg †jL‡Ki bvg
9393
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
93
†h †Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi/ev‡K¨i Ici Aby‡”Q` †jLvwkÿv_©xiv †h †Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ AbymiY K‡i Aby‡”Q` wjL‡Z cv‡i|
� 1bs `j †h †Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi Ici GKwU Aby‡”Q` wjL‡e, GB kãwU wkÿv_©xiv wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
� 2bs `j †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ev‡K¨i Ici GKwU Aby‡”Q` wjL‡e, GB evK¨wU wkÿv_©xiv wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
� 3bs `j wb‡Pi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi Ici Aby‡”Q` wjL‡e, wkÿK kãwU wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
� 4bs `j wb‡Pi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi Ici Aby‡”Q` wjL‡e, wkÿK evK¨wU wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| †hgb-
Ñ Avwg hw` cvwL nZvg Zvn‡j ........
Ñ Avg †L‡Z gRv KviY ......
• GB cÖwµqvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †jLv wfbœ nq| KviY cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zv‡`i AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K H evK¨/kã, Zvi Rb¨ †h A_© enb K‡i, Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk K‡i|
• Z‡e Aby‡”Q` †jLvi GKwU wbqg Av‡Q| †h Aby‡”Q` †jLv nq, †m Aby‡”Q‡` GKwU g~jfve _v‡K| †h kã ev evK¨wU †`Iqv n‡q‡Q, †mB fv‡ei Ici wfwË K‡i g~jfvewU wjL‡Z nq| g~jfvewU‡K AviI K‡qKwU evK¨ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` 3 †_‡K 12wU evK¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
94
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
94
†h †Kv‡bv †jLvi mvivsk (Summary)
• mvaviYZ mvivsk ej‡Z Avgiv eywS †Kv‡bv GKwU †jLvi g~jfve| †h †Kv‡bv †jLvi g~jfve‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ AviI A‡bK ev‡K¨i mvnvh¨ †bIqv nq| mvivsk †jLvi mgq g~jfve cÖKvk Kiv nq|
• mvivsk g~j †jLvi 1/3 Gi †ewk n‡e bv|
• cÖ‡Z¨K‡K cvV¨eB‡qi ev †h †Kv‡bv †kÖYxi mggv‡bi eB‡qi GKwU K‡i Mí evQvB Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨‡K MíwU m¤ú‡K© 5 jvB‡b Ggbfv‡e wjL‡e †hb MíwUi fve eRvq _v‡K| Gici MíwU wewfbœfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡e| Avcwb Av‡MB K‡i ivLv bgybv¸‡jv cÖKvk Kiæb|
1. Kv‡W© Qwe Gu‡K Mí †jLv
2. 5 c„ôvi GKwU eB †jLv
3. GKwU j¤^v KvM‡R Qwe AuvKv I MíwU †jLv
4. MíwUi Pwiθ‡jv k³ KvM‡R AuvKv|
5. evK¨ cuvPwU j¤^v Kv‡W© †jLv
9595
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 1
95
w`b
7Awa‡ekb 2
Z_¨wfwËK †jLv• Z_¨wfwËK †jLvi †KŠkj : mvaviYZ †h wel‡qi Ici Z_¨wfwËK †jLv wjL‡Z nq, †m wel‡qi Ici
bvbvb Drm n‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Zvici GKwU †jLv wjL‡Z nq|
• wkÿv_©xiv †h wel‡q Z_¨wfwËK †jLv wjL‡Z Pvq Zv cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cvV¨ eB¸‡jv‡Z evsjv, mgvR ev weÁv‡b, GKB cÖKvi Z_¨ m¤úwK©Z †jLv LyuR‡e Ges H Z_¨¸‡jv wb‡q GKwU Z_¨wfwËK †jLv wjL‡e| GB †jLvi KZ¸‡jv ˆewkó¨ _vK‡e-
� GKwU Aby‡”Q‡`i GKwU g~jfv‡ei (Main Idea) Dc‡i †jLvwU wjL‡e|
� H g~jfvewU Kx †evSv‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ AviI 2/3wU evK¨ wjL‡Z n‡e|
� Gfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU Aby‡”Q‡`i GKwU g~jfve _vK‡e|
� f~wgKv‡Z Kx m¤^‡Ü ej‡Z PvB Zv ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
� c‡ii Aby‡”Q‡` f~wgKvi welq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
� †k‡l Dcmsnvi wjL‡e|
†hgb wZbwU wel‡q †jLv hvq
� Avgv‡`i †`k
� gyw³hy×
� cvwb
• g~j †jLvwUi Rb¨ QK (Z_¨cÎ) _vK‡e| GB QK (Guide line) Abyhvqx †jLvwU wjL‡Z n‡e|
• cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jv n‡Z g~j Z_¨ (Key points) evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
• †jLvi g~j fve wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
96
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
7
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
• cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkÿv_©xiv cÖwZw`b 15 wgwbU mgq m„Rbkxj †jLvq e¨q K‡i| Zv‡`i wjLb `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj †bIqv hvq| GB †KŠkj¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i ¯^vaxbfv‡e wjLb `ÿZvi Dbœqb NU‡e Ges wkÿv_©xiv Avb‡›`i mv‡_ KvR K‡i GB `ÿZv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡e|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i wjLb `ÿZv e„w× Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ †KŠkj¸‡jv Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i wjLb `ÿZv e„w× Kie Zv cwiKíbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRbv|
• m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †KŠkjMy‡jv n‡jv-
†cv÷vi : 1. ÔAvgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLvÕ (B‡”Qg‡Zv ev m~Î w`‡q)
2. Mí †jLv GKK wkÿv_©xi cQ›` Abyhvqx
3. Mí †jLv `jxq : `‡ji wkÿv_©x‡`i Av‡jvPbv Abyhvqx
4. Mí †jLv GKK : wkÿK kã evQvB K‡i w`‡q
5. Mí †jLv `jxq : wkÿK kã evQvB K‡i w`‡q
6. Aby‡”Q` †jLv : wkÿv_©xi cQ›` Abyhvqx †h‡Kvb kã w`‡q Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-6, 7)
7. Aby‡”Q` †jLv : wkÿv_©xi cQ›` Abyhvqx †h †Kv‡bv evK¨ w`‡q Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-6, 7)
8. Aby‡”Q` †jLv : wkÿK DwjøwLZ †h †Kv‡bv kã w`‡q Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-6, 7)
9. Aby‡”Q` †jLv : wkÿK DwjøwLZ †h †Kv‡bv evK¨ w`‡q Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-6, 7)
10. †h †Kv‡bv †jLv/Mí ch©v‡jvPbv Q‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-4, 5)
11. †h †Kv‡bv Mí/cv‡Vi mvivsk; wkÿv_©xi cv‡Vi ¯Íi Abyhvqx evQvBK„Z Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-8, 9)
12. Z_¨g~jK †jLv Z_¨cÎ (w`b-7, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-5, 11)• †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj Abyhvqx, wZb ai‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ Avgv‡`i cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x Ges Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwY‡Z (wØZxq †_‡K cÂg) cÖ_g †kÖwYi mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨-
K) †h wkÿv_©xiv eY© †P‡b bv ev kã †P‡b bv ev wjL‡Z cv‡i bv
L) †h wkÿv_©xiv wKQz eY© ev kã †P‡b Ges wjL‡Z cv‡i
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
97
M) †h wkÿv_©xiv fvOv fvOv wKQz evK¨ wjL‡Z cv‡i
2. wØZxqÑcÂg †kªwYi wkÿv_©x hviv wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq Zv‡`i †kÖwYi mggv‡bi cvV ev cvV¨vsk co‡Z cv‡i| GB `‡ji wkÿv_©x‡`i wb‡Ri fvlvq g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki wjwLZ gvb Lye fv‡jv bq †gvUvgywU, Zv‡`i Rb¨
3. Z…ZxqÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x hviv mvejxjfv‡e Zv‡`i †kªwYi mggv‡bi †h †Kv‡bv cvV ev cvV¨vsk co‡Z cv‡i, Ges †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q wb‡Ri fvlvq g‡bi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x ev Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡`i wjLb `ÿZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx 1bs, 3bs I 5bs KvRwU †`Iqv hv‡e|
• wØZxq †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x hviv mvejxj †jLK ev †jLvq wKQzUv mvnv‡h¨i cÖ‡qvRb Zviv 1 †_‡K 12 me¸‡jv KvRB Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †jLvi 2 †_‡K 12 bs KvR¸‡jv cVb `ÿZv e„w×i †ÿ‡ÎI mnvqZv K‡i, KviY KvR¸‡jvi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i mswkøó †jLv¸‡jv co‡Z nq|
• AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, wkÿv_©xiv Qwe AuvK‡Z I Mí wjL‡Z Lye cQ›` K‡i, G Kvi‡Y wØZxqÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg KvRwU mßv‡n wZb w`b Ges Ab¨ 3 w`b evwK KvR¸‡jv Ki‡e|
wØZxq †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi welq wbe©vPb wØZxq †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi mvejxj †jLK Ges AvswkK mvejxj †jLK, †hme wkÿv_©x Av‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ 2bs, 3bs, 4bs, 5bs I 6bs Kv‡Ri Rb¨ evsjv cvV¨eB I Ab¨vb¨ mggv‡bi eB¸‡jv evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq, weÁvb cvV¨eB¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i, welq (topic) wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e, †h topic ¸‡jvi Dc‡i wkÿv_©xiv wjL‡e|
• m„Rbkxj Kv‡Ri welq wbe©vPb ïiæ Kivi Av‡M †h welqwU †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv eQ‡i KqwU Kg©w`em Av‡Q? KZw`b m„Rbkxj †jLv hv‡e? Gi g‡a¨ A‡a©K mgq 1bs †_‡K 12bs Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨q Ki‡j evwK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KZw`b mgq _vK‡e?
GKwU †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©xi †gav †hgb GK bq, †Zgwb Zv‡`i wkLb `ÿZv AR©‡bI ZviZg¨ i‡q‡Q| A_©vr wkÿv_©xi wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| wkÿv_©x‡`i wbY©xZ wkLb Pvwn`vi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv GKRb wkÿ‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KiYxq| GRb¨ wkÿK‡K GKwU wbw`©ó †gqvw` Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_©x‡`i bvbv `ÿZv AR©‡b mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb AZ¨šÍ Riæwi KvR| wkÿv_©x‡`i wbY©xZ wkLb Pvwn`vi ¯Íi Abyhvqx 12 w`‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cvV/cvVmg~‡ni wfwˇZ KvR I DcKiY wba©viY K‡i cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| G cwiKíbv Abyhvqx ev‡iv w`b wkÿv_©x‡`i ¯ÍiwfwËK wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| cwiKíbvq D‡jøwLZ †hvM¨Zv/wkLbd‡ji wfwˇZ cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ cieZ©x cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq|
Z‡e wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZy_© †kÖwY‡Z c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB Giƒc wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ ˆÎgvwmK GKwU cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kivi e¨e¯’v †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| mswkøó wkÿK D³ †kÖwYi cvV cy¯ÍK A_ev mggv‡bi cy¯ÍK e¨envi K‡i ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvwÿK I ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb| wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ †hmKj wkÿv_©x DwjøwLZ †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv Zv‡`i Rb¨ ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b ˆÎgvwmK I cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi bgybv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
98
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
8
98
fvlvi `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv
welq : evsjv
†kÖwY : Z…Zxq
wkÿv_©xi ¯Íi : njy` (wkÿ‡Ki m¤ú~Y© mnvqZvi ¯Íi)
wb‡`©kbv
• †QvU `‡j mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi mgq G- cvV¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
• G Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖ_g 3 gv‡mi g‡a¨B mKj wkÿv_©x‡K Zuvi c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi fvlv `ÿZvi AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi GKwU Avek¨Kxq Ask AR©b Kwi‡q mvaviY gv‡b Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †kÖwY welq DcKiY e¨env‡ii wb‡`©kbv
cÖ_g gv‡mi Rb¨ cwiKíbv
ejv
2.3 Qwe †`‡L Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e|1g Qwe m¤ú‡K© ewj
1g †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨envi
bv K‡i mswkøó Qwei d‡UvKwc
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
†kvbv
2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b Avb›` jvf Ki‡e|
ejv
2.1 cvV¨ I cvV- ewnf©~Z Qov I KweZv ¯úófv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|
1gAvZv Mv‡Q †ZvZv
cvwL
mswkøó cv‡Vi d‡UvKwc
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
†kvbv
1.1 evK¨ I k‡ã e¨eüZ evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb I wbe©vwPZ hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e|
ejv
1.1 evK¨ I k‡ã e¨eüZ evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb I wbe©vwPZ hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|
cov
1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv co‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
1.1 ¯úó I mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
1g eY©gvjvi cvV
eY©KvW©, kãKvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e| †jLvi Abykxj‡bi Rb¨
IqvK© wmU cÖ ‘Z K‡i e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
99
†kvbv
1.2 KviwPýnxb I KviwPýhy³ kã Ges Abyiƒc kã‡hv‡M
MwVZ evK¨ ïb‡e|
ejv
1..2 KviwPýnxb I KviwPýhy³ kã ej‡Z cvi‡e|
cov
1.2 e‡Y©i m‡½ Kvi-wPý hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
1.2 KviwPý mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
1.3 KviwPýnxb I KviwPýhy³ eY© mn‡hv‡M kã wjL‡Z
cvi‡e|
1g Kvi wP‡ýi cvV
evivÿwiK PvU© e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e|
bgybv:
Kv wK Kx Kz K~ K… †K ˆK †Kv
†KŠ BZ¨vw`
wØZxq gv‡mi Rb¨ cwiKíbv
†kvbv
2.2 MíK_v ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e|
ejv
2.4 Mí m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e
cov
1.4 cvV¨cy ͇K e¨eüZ mggv‡bi kã I evK¨ co‡Z cvi‡e|
2.4 MíK_v c‡o eyS‡Z cvi‡e |
†jLv
1.5 cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki kã I evK¨ †`‡L †`‡L wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
1.6 weivgwPý -`uvwo e¨envi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
1g ïf I `vw`gv
mswkøó cv‡Vi d‡UvKwc
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î
Ab¨ Qwe †_‡KI Mí ejvi
Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`Iqv hv‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
100
†kvbv
1.1 evK¨ I k‡ã e¨eüZ evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb I wbe©vwPZ hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e|
1.3 wb‡`©kbv, cÖkœ, Aby‡iva BZ¨vw` ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
2.2 MíK_v ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e|
3.4 mvZ w`‡bi bvg ï‡b g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡e|
ejv
1.1 evK¨ I k‡ã e¨eüZ evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb I wbe©vwPZ hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|
2.7 mvZ w`‡bi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|
cov
1.3 wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU hy³e¨Äb co‡Z cvi‡e|
2.7 mvZ w`‡bi bvg co‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
1.4 wbe©vwPZ hy³e¨Äb †f‡O wjL‡Z I wbe©vwPZ hy³e¨Äb mn‡hv‡M kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
2.5 mvZ w`‡bi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
1g
gygyi mvZ w`b hy³e¨Äb kãmg~n cvV †_‡K
ev cv‡Vi evB‡i †_‡K †kLv‡Z
n‡e| mggv‡bi cvV †_‡K
k㸇jv mbv³ Ki‡Z w`‡Z
n‡e|
†kvbv
3.1 cwiPqg~jK K‡_vcK_b I eY©bv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e
ejv
2.5 cwiPqg~jK K‡_vcK_‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Z I eY©bv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
1g
MvQ jvMv‡bv wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖwgZ PwjZ
ixwZ‡Z ejvi `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ Awfbqg~jK cvV ev K‡_
vcK_bag©x cvV wbe©vPb K‡i
ev ˆZwi K‡i †kÖwY‡Z PP©v
Kiv‡Z n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î Ab¨
†h †Kv‡bv eB ev m¤ú~iK cVb
mvgMÖxi mnvqZv wb‡Z n‡e|
cov
2.5 K‡_vcK_b I eY©bv co‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
2.3 Qov, KweZv, Mí BZ¨vw` †_‡K mnR kã I evK¨
wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
101
†kvbv
1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
1.3 wb‡`©kbv, cÖkœ , Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
ejv
2.3 Qwe †`‡L Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e|
2.4 Mí m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e|
2q
Qwe‡Z my›`ieb mswkøó cv‡Vi d‡UvKwc
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î
Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Qwe †_‡KI Mí
ejvi Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`Iqv
hv‡e|
Z…Zxq gv‡mi Rb¨ cwiKíbv
†kvbv
2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e|
ejv
2.1 cvV¨ I cvV ewnf©~Z Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
2.2 Qov I KweZv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|
cov
2.1 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Qov I KweZv co‡Z cvi‡e|
2.2 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
2.1 cvV¨cy&¯Í‡Ki Qov I KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
2q
Avwg ne cvV¨eB †_‡K ev m¤ú~iK cVb
mvgMÖx †_‡K ¯^ie„Ë Q‡›`i
Qov ev KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z
w`‡Z n‡e|
†kbv
1.1 evK¨ I k‡ã e¨eüZ evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM
mnKv‡i ïb‡e|
2q
gyw³hy‡×i GKwU
†mvbvjx cvZv
hy³e¨Äb kãmg~n cvV †_‡K
ev cv‡Vi evB‡i †_‡K †kLv‡Z
n‡e| mggv‡bi cvV †_‡K
k㸇jv mbv³ Ki‡Z w`‡Z
n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
102
1.3 wb‡`©kbv, cÖkœ , Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e|
ejv
1.3 Aby‡iva I cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2.4 Mí m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e|
4.1 †kÖwYK‡¶ cwVZ welq m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri Abyf‚wZ e¨³
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
cov
1.5 uvwo, cÖkœ‡evaK wPý, Kgv wP‡b evK¨ co‡Z cvi‡e|
†jLv
2.3 Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b I eY©bv m¤ú‡K©
wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
wewfbœ cvV †_‡K
wbe©vwPZ
1g I 2q †kÖwY‡Z cv‡V
e¨eüZ hy³e¨Äb kãmg~n cvV
†_‡K ev cv‡Vi evB‡i †_‡K
†kLv‡Z n‡e| mggv‡bi cvV
†_‡K k㸇jv mbv³ Ki‡Z
w`‡Z n‡e|
we‡kl `ªóe¨
wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖwkÿY we`¨v †q Abykxj‡bi myweav‡Z© †emjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvwÿK I `wbK cwiKíbvi, mgq e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY e¨e¯’cvbvi bg~bv/bgybv QK cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, wWwcG Kg©m~wP‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î wfbœ wfbœ wkLb ¯Íi Abymv‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ bxwZ Abymv‡i wkÿK †Rvovq †QvU `‡j I GKvwK cvVMZ KvR cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj †hgb- †eªBb ÷ªwg©s, †Km ÷vwW, cÖ‡R±, f~wgKvwfbq BZ¨vw` cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB eB‡Z †h bgybv¸‡jv †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖavbZ `jxq KvR Ges GKvwK KvR| wKš‘ GKRb wkÿK wkL‡b wfbœ wfbœ ¯Íi, welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn, eqm BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wbe©vPb Ki‡e| Z‡e wWwcGW bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i Zv Aek¨B wkï‡Kw›`ªK n‡Z n‡e, GLv‡b wkÿK wkï wkÿv_©xi wkL‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
cÖ_g †kÖwYi 49wU AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi g‡a¨ 27wU Ges wØZxq †kÖwYi 48wU AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi g‡a¨ 20wU Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cÖ_g 3 gv‡mi g‡a¨B AR©b Kiv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
¯ÍiwfwËK wkLb Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K evsjvi cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi bgybv QK
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
103
we`¨vj‡qi bvg :
welq : evsjv, †kÖwY:
Kvh©Kvj : †_‡K ch©šÍ
cvVM
Z A
e¯’vb
wkÿv_©xi bvg Kx wkL‡e
(wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K
wjL‡Z n‡e)
Kxfv‡e
†kLv‡bv n‡e
DcKiY wkÿv_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb
meyR
bxj
njy`
cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ AbymiYxq Kvh©µg
• GKwU cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvq evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki GKvwaK Mí/cÖeÜ/Qov/KweZv AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i ;
• wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg‡_©¨i wfwˇZ `j MVb K‡i Zvi mv‡c‡ÿ Kx wkL‡e Zv wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e ;
• GbwmwUwe cÖYxZ wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K wkLbd‡ji gvb`‡Êi wfwˇZ wbY©xZ wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©xiv Kx wkL‡e Zv wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e ;
• wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg‡_©¨i wbwi‡L GKwU we‡kl †kÖwYi mvaviY gv‡b Zv‡`i DbœxZ Ki‡Z †h †h †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e, †m me wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e;
• mKj †ÿ‡ÎB wkÿv_©x‡`i DÏxó †hvM¨Zv/wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dchy³ DcKiY| wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R e¨env‡i mKj DcKi‡Yi bvg wjL‡Z n‡e wba©vwiZ Kjv‡g;
• cÖhy³ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj‡Z wkÿv_©x †h cÖwZwµqv †`Lv‡e e‡j cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq Zv wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e;
• †h †hvM¨Zv/wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv wkïi wkL‡b KZUv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡gB Zv Rvbv m¤¢e| GRb¨ †h †h g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv me©‡kl Kjv‡g wjL‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
104
cvwÿ
K c
vV c
wiK
íbv
we`¨
vj‡q
i bv
g :
--
--
--
--
--
--
miK
vix c
Öv_wg
K we
`¨vj
q
†kªY
x : wØ
Zxq
w
elq
: ev
sjv
mgqK
vj :
18-
02-
2015
Ñ 0
9-03
-20
15 c
h©šÍ
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
kx‡Z
i mK
vj
cvV¨cy¯‘‡Ki kx‡Zi mvKvjc„: 16-19
†kv
bv
AvK
wjgv
3.1.
1:-
cwi
Pqg~j
K K
‡_vc
K_b
ï‡b
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
c‡o
†kv
bve
cvV¨
eB
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
g‡
bv‡h
vM m
nKv‡i
ïb
‡e
K
‡_vc
K_‡
b As
kMÖnY
K
i‡Z
w`‡q
gviæd
vej
v
bvwn
`
mvejxj
2
.5.1
:- K
‡_vc
K_b
Ask
MÖn
Y K
i‡Z
ci‡
e|
†R
vovq
/†Qv
U`‡j
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
Ask
MÖnY
Ki‡
Z †
`‡ev
hy³e‡
Y©i
KvW
©
K
‡_vc
K_‡
b As
kMÖnY
Ki‡
e
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
Ask
MÖnY
Ki‡
Z w`
‡q
†gvj
v1.
1.1:
- k
‡ã e
¨eüZ
evsj
v hy³
e‡Y©i
aŸwb
¯úó
I
ï×fv
‡e e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
h
y³e‡
Y© K
vW© e
¨env
i K
‡i
hy³e‡
Y©i a
Ÿwb ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej
‡Z m
nvqZ
v Ki‡
ev
h
y³eY
© ¯úó
I
ï×fv
‡e e
j‡e
h
y³eY
© †f‡
O ej
‡Z w`
‡q
cov
2.5.
1:-
K‡_
vcK
_b A
vKv‡i
†j
Lv c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e|
K
‡_vc
K_b
wU c
o‡Z
†`e
kãK
vW©
K
‡_vc
K_b
AvK
v‡i
†jLv
wU c
o‡e
K
‡_vc
K_b
AvK
v‡i
†jLv
wU c
o‡Z
w`‡q
1
.3.1
:- h
y³ e
¨Äb
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
h
y³ e
¨Äb
†f‡O
co‡
Z †
`e
hy³
e¨Ä
b †f
‡O
co‡e
h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
co‡
Z
w`‡q
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
105
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
†jLv
1
.4.1
:- h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡½
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
wjL‡
Z †
`eev
K¨K
vW©
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wjL‡
e
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.4.1
:- h
y³e¨
Äb
e¨en
vi
K‡i
kã
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
hy³
e¨Ä
b e¨
envi
K‡i
bZ
zb kã
wjL‡
Z †
`e
bZ
yb kã
wjL‡
e
bZ
zb kã
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.5.1
:- c
v‡V e
¨eüZ
kã
w`
‡q e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
c
v‡V e
¨eüZ
kã
w`‡q
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
†`e
k
ã w`
‡q e
vK¨
wjL‡
e
kã
w`‡q
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z
w`‡q
1
.6.1
:- `
vuwo we
ivgw
PýwU
e¨
envi
K‡i
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
we
ivgw
PýwU
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
†`
Lve
Ges
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z †
`e
wPý
wU e
¨env
i K
‡i
evK
¨ wjL
‡e
wPý
wU e
¨env
i K
‡i e
vK¨
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
1.6
.2:-
cÖkœ‡
evaK
we
ivgw
PýwU
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
we
ivgw
PýwU
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
K
‡i e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
†`e
c
Ökœ‡ev
aK wP
ýwU
e¨
envi
K‡i
evK
¨ wj
L‡e
Avwg ne c„: 20-23
Avwg
ne
(Kwe
Zv)
†kvb
v
2.2
.1:-
Kwe
Zv ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e|
K
weZ
vwU c
‡o †
kvbv
eAb
ykxjb
K
vW©
K
weZ
v g‡b
v‡hvM
mn
Kv‡i
ïb‡
e
Kwe
ZvwU
ïb‡
Z w`
‡q
ej‡Z
ejv
2.1.
2:-
cvV
¨ eB‡
qi K
weZ
v Av
e„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
jq,
Zvj
, Q›
` wV
K †
i‡L
Kwe
Zv A
ve„wË
Ki‡
Z †
kLve
Kwe
Zvi
jv
Bb
K
weZ
v Ave
„wË K
i‡e
K
weZ
v Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
w`
‡q
2.1
.4:-
cvV
¨ ewn
f©~Z
Kwe
Zv A
ve„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
cvV
ewn
f©~Z K
weZ
v Ave
„wË
Ki‡
Z †
`e
cvV
¨ ewn
f©~Z K
weZ
v Av
e„wË
Ki‡
e
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
106
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
cov
2.1.
2:-
cÖwg
Z D
”Pvi
‡Y
Kwe
ZvwU
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
cÖwg
Z D
”Pvi
‡Y K
weZ
v co
‡Z I
Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
†`e
Kwe
Zvi
Pi
Y w`
‡q
ˆZwi
K
vW© P
vU©
c
ÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
co
‡e I
Ave
„wË K
i‡e
K
weZ
v co‡
Z I
Ave
„wË
Ki‡
Z w`
‡q
2
.2.2
:- c
ÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
K
weZ
v Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
†jL
v
2.1.
2:-
cvV
¨ cy¯Í‡
Ki
Kwe
Zv
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
Kwe
Zv w
jL‡Z
†`e
BZ¨vw
`
Kwe
Zv w
jL‡e
K
weZ
v wjL
‡Z w`
‡q
1
.4.1
:- h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e G
es k
ã wj
L‡Z
cv
i‡e|
h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
wjL‡
Z I
kã
wjL‡
Z †
`e
hy³
e¨Ä
b †f
‡O
wjL‡
e G
es k
ã wj
L‡e
h
y³eY
© †f‡
O G
es k
ã
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
2
.3.2
:- G
K †
_‡K
GK
k ch
©šÍ MY
bv e
vPK
kã
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
5
5-80
ch©š
Í MYb
v evP
K
kã wj
L‡Z
†`e
M
Ybv e
vPK
msL
¨v K
_vq
wjL‡
e
MYb
v evP
K m
sL¨v
K_v
q wj
L‡Z
w`‡q
2
.3.2
:- K
weZ
v mswk
øó
cÖ‡kœi
DË
i wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
c
Ö‡kœi
DËi
wjL‡
Z †
`e
cÖ‡k
œi DË
i wj
L‡e
c
Ö‡kœi
DËi
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
kx‡Z
i mK
vj
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
107
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
†kvb
v
AvswkK mvnv‡h¨
cvV¨ cy¯‘‡Ki kx‡Zi mKvj c„: 16-19
3.1
.1:-
cwi
Pqg~j
K K
‡_vc
K_b
ï‡b
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
c‡o
†kv
bve
cvV¨
eB
g‡b
v‡hvM
mnK
v‡i
ïb‡e
K
‡_vc
K_b
wU ï
b‡Z
w`
‡q
ejv
2
.5.1
:- K
‡_vc
K_b
Ask
MÖn
Y K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
†
QvU`
‡j/†
Rvo
vq
K‡_
vcK
_‡b
Ask
MÖnY
Ki‡
e|
g‡b
v‡hvM
mnK
v‡i
ïb‡e
I A
skMÖn
Y K
i‡e
Ask
MÖnY
Ki‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.1.1
:- k
‡ã e
¨eüZ
ev
sjv h
y³e‡
Y©i a
Ÿwb ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
e
vsjv h
y³e‡
Y©i a
Ÿwb ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
Z m
nvqZ
v Kie
|
hy³
eY© ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
e|
hy³
eY© e
j‡Z
w`‡q
cov
2.5.
1:-
K‡_
vcK
_b A
vKv‡i
†j
Lv c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
co‡
Z †
`e
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
co‡
e
K‡_
vcK
_bwU
co‡
Z
w`‡q
1
.3.1
:- h
y³ e
¨Äb
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
co‡
Z †
`e
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
co‡e
h
y³eY
© co‡
Z w`
‡q
†jLv
1
.4.1
:- h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
h
y³e¨
Äb
†f‡O
wjL‡
Z †
`e
hy³
e¨Ä
b †f
‡O
wjL‡
e
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.6.1
:- `
uvwo we
ivg
wPý
wU
e¨en
vi K
‡i e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
cv
i‡e|
`
vuwo we
ivg
wPý
wU e
¨env
i †`
Lve
Ges
GB
weiv
g wP
ý
e¨en
vi K
‡i e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
†`e
`
vuwo we
ivg
wPý
wU
e¨en
vi K
‡i e
vK¨
wjL‡
e
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z w`
‡q
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
108
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
1
.6.2
:- c
Ökœ‡ev
aK we
ivg
wPý
wU e
¨env
i K
‡i e
vK¨
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
c
Ökœ‡ev
aK we
ivg
wP‡ý
i e¨
envi
†`L
ve G
es e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
†`
e
c
Ökœ‡ev
aK we
ivg
wPý
wU e
¨env
i K
‡i
evK
¨ wjL
‡e
we
ivg
wPý
w`‡q
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
w`‡q
Avwg
ne
(Kwe
Zv)
†kvb
v
Avwg ne c„: 20-23
2.2.
1:-
Kwe
Zv ï
‡b e
yS‡Z
cv
i‡e
K
weZ
vwU c
ÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
c‡
o †k
vbve
K
weZ
v g‡b
v‡hvM
mn
Kv‡i
ïb‡
e
Kwe
ZvwU
ïb‡
Z w`
‡q
Ges
ej‡
Z w`
‡q
ejv
2.1.
2:-
cvV
¨ eB‡
qi K
weZ
v Av
e„wË
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
Kwe
ZvwU
Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
†`e
Kwe
ZvwU
Ave
„wË
Ki‡
e
Kwe
Zv A
ve„wË
Ki‡
Z
w`‡q
cov
2.1.
2:-
cÖwg
Z D
”Pvi
‡Y
Kwe
ZvwU
co‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
cÖwg
Z D
”Pvi
‡Y K
weZ
v co
‡Z †
`e
Kwe
ZvwU
co‡
e
Kwe
ZvwU
co‡
Z w`
‡q
2
.2.2
:- c
ÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
K
weZ
v Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
c
ÖwgZ
D”P
vi‡Y
Ave
„wË
Ki‡
Z †
`e
Kwe
ZvwU
Ave
„wË
Ki‡
e
Ave
„wË K
i‡Z
w`‡q
†jL
v
1.4.
1:-
hy³
e¨Ä
b †f
‡O
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
e
Y©KvW
© e¨e
nvi
K‡i
hy³
eY©
†f‡O
wjL‡
Z †
`e
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wjL‡
e
hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.5.1
:- c
v‡V e
¨eüZ
kã
w`
‡q e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
c
v‡V e
¨eüZ
kã
w`‡q
evK
¨ wj
L‡Z
†`e
k
ãe¨
envi
K‡i
ev
K¨ w
jL‡e
e
vK¨ w
jL‡Z
w`‡q
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
109
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
1
.7.1
:- G
K †
_‡K
GK
k ch
©šÍ MY
bv e
vPK
kã
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
G
K †
_‡K
GK
k ch
©šÍ ms
L¨v
MYbv
evP
K k
ã wj
L‡Z
†`e
G
K †
_‡K
GK
k ch
©šÍ MY
bv e
vPK
kã
wj
L‡e
M
Ybv e
vPK
kã
wjL‡
Z
w`‡q
m¤ú~Y© wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq
kx‡Z
i mK
vj
†kvb
v
kx‡Zi mKvj c„: 16-19
1
.1.1
:- e
v‡K¨ I
k‡ã
e¨
eüZ
evsj
v eY©g
vjvi
aŸwb
g‡
bv‡h
vM m
nKv‡i
ïb‡
e I
g‡b
ivL‡
e|
e
v‡K¨ e
¨eüZ
eY©g
vjvi
aŸwb
ïb
‡Z m
nvqZ
v Kie
eY©K
vW©
e
Y©gvj
vi a
Ÿwb
g‡bv
‡hvM
mnK
v‡i
ïb‡e
e
vsjv e
Y©gvj
v ej‡
Z
w`‡q
1
.2.2
:- K
viwP
ý h
y³ k
ã
g‡bv
‡hvM
mnK
v‡i ï
b‡e
I g‡
b iv
L‡e|
c
v‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
Kvi
wPý
hy³
kã g
‡bv‡h
vM m
nKv‡i
ïb‡
Z
mnvq
Zv K
ie
Kvi
wP
‡ýi
KvW
©
K
viwP
ý h
y³ k
ã
ïb‡e
ejv
1.1.
1:-
ev‡K
¨ I k
‡ã e
¨eüZ
ev
sjv e
Y©gvj
vi a
Ÿwb ¯
úófv
‡e
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
e
Y©gvj
vi a
Ÿwb ¯
úófv
‡e
ej‡Z
mnv
qZv K
iekã
KvW
©
evsj
v eY©g
vjv
¯úó
fv‡e
ej‡
e
aŸwb
ej‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.2.1
:- K
viwP
ý we
nxb
kã ¯
úó I
ï×
fv‡e
ej‡
Z
cvi‡
e
K
viwe
nxb
I K
vihy³
kã
K
vW© †
`wL‡
q kã
ej‡
Z †
kLve
evK
¨ K
vW©
K
viwP
ýnx
b I
Kvi
wPý
hy³
kã
ej‡
e
Kvi
wPý
wenx
b I
Kvi
wPý
hy³
kã
ej‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.2.2
:- K
viwP
ý h
y³ k
ã
¯úó
fv‡e
ej‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
110
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
cov
1.1.
1:-
evsj
v eY©g
vjv
¯úó
I ï
×fv
‡e c
o‡Z
cv
i‡e|
K
vW© †
`wL‡
q eY
©gvjv
cov
e
eY©g
vjv c
o‡e
e
Y©gvj
v co‡
Z w`
‡q
1
.2.1
:- K
vi wP
ý wP
‡b
co‡Z
cvi
‡e|
K
vi wP
ý c
ove
Ges
e‡Y
©i mv
‡_ K
viwP
ý h
y³ K
‡i c
o‡Z
†k
Lve
K
viwP
ý I
Kvi
wPý
hy³
kã
co‡
e
Kvi
wPý
nxb
I K
viwP
ý
hy³ k
ã c
o‡Z
w`‡q
1
.2.2
:- e
‡Y©i
mv‡_
K
viwP
ý h
y³ K
‡i c
o‡Z
cv
i‡e|
†jLv
1.1.
1:-
mwV
K A
vK…wZ
‡Z e
Y© wj
L‡Z
cvi
‡e|
e
Y© wj
L‡Z
†kL
ve
eY©
wjL‡
e
eY©
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
2
.1.3
:- K
viwP
ý h
y³ K
‡i
kã w
jL‡Z
cvi
‡e|
K
viwP
ý e
¨env
i K
‡i k
ã
wjL‡
Z †
kLve
K
viwP
ý e
¨env
i K
‡i k
ã wj
L‡e
K
viwP
ý w`
‡q k
ã
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
Avwg
ne
(Kwe
Zv)
†kvb
v
Avwg ne c„:20-23
2.1.
2:-
Kwe
Zv ï
‡b A
vb›`
jv
f K
i‡e|
Kwe
ZvwU
c‡o
†kv
bve
g
‡bv‡h
vM m
nKv‡i
ïb
‡e
ïb‡
Z w`
‡q
ejv
2.1.
3:-
cvV
¨ eB‡
qi K
weZ
v ej
‡Z c
vi‡e
|
Kwe
Zv e
j‡Z
†`e
K
weZ
vwU g
y‡L g
y‡L
ej‡e
K
weZ
v ej‡
Z w`
‡q
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
111111
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
cvVM
Z
Ae¯’v
b
cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Kx w
kL‡e
Kxf
v‡e †
kLv‡b
v n‡e
DcK
iYwk
ÿv_
©xi K
vRg~j
¨vqb
cov
2.8.
1:-
evsj
v fvl
vq G
K
†_‡K
wek
ch©šÍ
MYbv
evP
K
kã c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e|
G
K †
_‡K
wek
ch©šÍ
MYbv
ev
PK k
ã c
o‡Z
†`e
|
MYb
vevP
K k
ã
co‡e
c
o‡Z
w`‡q
†jL
2.3.
1:-
mnR
kã
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
kã
wjL‡
Z †
`e
kã
wjL‡
e
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z w`
‡q
2
.3.2
:- m
nR e
vK¨
wjL‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
evK
¨ wjL
‡Z †
`e
evK
¨ wjL
‡e
kã
wjL‡
Z w`
‡q
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
112
ˆ`wb
K c
vV c
wiK
íbvi
Rb¨
mnv
qK K
vR
Mí :
kx‡Z
i mK
vj
meyR
bxj
njy`
w`b-
1co
v, bZ
zb k‡
ãi
A_© w
b‡R
cov
I †
jLv,
kã w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨ †
jLv
co‡Z
mnv
qZv K
iv,
k‡ã
i A_
© Rvb
v, kã
w`
‡q c
v‡V c
Ö`Ë e
vK¨ c
ov I
†jL
v c‡
o †k
vbv‡b
v, eY
© †Pbv
‡bv,
eY© †j
Lv, e
vbvb
K
‡i k
ã c
Vb
w`b-
2co
v, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡k
œi DË
i ej
v I †
jLv
co‡Z
mnv
qZv
Kiv
, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡k
œi DË
i ej
v I †
jLv
cv‡V
i As
k ev
bvb
K‡i
cov
, k‡
ãi
A_©
Rvb
v, kã
w`‡q
cv‡V
cÖ`Ë
evK
¨ cov
, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡k
œi DË
i ej
v
w`b-
3cw
imi
evwo
‡q c
ov,
bZzb
k‡ã
i A_
© wb‡R
co
v I †j
Lv,
kã w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨ †
jLv,
cv‡V
i Aš
ÍM©Z c
Ö‡kœi
DËi
ejv I
†jL
v
kã w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨ †
jLv,
cv‡V
i Aš
ÍM©Z
cÖ‡kœi
DË
i ej
v I †
jLv,
Lvwj
Ni c
~iY
bZzb
k‡ã
i A_
© wb‡
R c
ov I
†jL
v, kã
w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨
†jLv
, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡
kœi D
Ëi
ejv I
†jLv
, cw
imi
evwo
‡q c
ov
w`b-
4cw
imi
evwo
‡q c
ov,
bZzb
k‡ã
i A_
© wb‡R
co
v I †j
Lv,
kã w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨ †
jLv,
cv‡V
i Aš
ÍM©Z c
Ö‡kœi
DËi
ejv I
†jL
v
cov,
kã w`
‡q e
vK¨ †
jLv,
cÖ‡kœi
DË
i ej
v I
†jLv
, k~b
¨¯’vb
c~iY
Kiv
kã w
`‡q
cv‡V
cÖ`Ë
evK
¨ co
v, kã
w`‡
q ev
K¨ e
jv I
†jLv
, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡k
œi DË
i ej
v
w`b-
5m¤
ú~Y© M
í co
v, hy³
eY© w
ewkó
bZ
zb kã
ˆZ
wi,
†cbw
mj w
`‡q
Qwe
AvuK
v, Qw
e‡Z
is
Kiv
, we
cixZ
kã
ejv
I †
jLv
cov,
bZzb
k‡ã
i A_
© wb‡
R c
ov I
†jL
v, kã
w`‡q
GK
vwaK
evK
¨ †jL
v, cv
‡Vi
AšÍM©Z
cÖ‡
kœi D
Ëi
ejv I
†jL
v
cov,
kã w`
‡q G
Kvwa
K e
vK¨
†jLv
, cÖ‡
kœi
DËi
ejv I
†jL
v, k~b
¨¯’vb
c~iY
Kiv
w`b-
6Qw
e †`
‡L K
‡_vc
K_b
ˆZ
wi K
ivm¤
ú~Y© M
í co
v, hy³
eY© w
ewkó
bZ
zb kã
ˆZ
wi,
†cbw
mj w
`‡q
Qwe
AuvK
v, Qw
e‡Z
is
Kiv
, we
cixZ
kã
ejv
I †
jLv
m¤ú~Y
© Mí
cov,
hy³eY
© wew
kó b
Zzb
kã
ˆZwi
, we
cixZ
kã
ejv
, †c
bwmj
w`‡q
Qwe
Av
uKv,
Qwe‡
Z i
s Kiv
w`b-
7M‡
íi m
vigg
© ejv
I †
jLv,
Mí †
_‡K
cÖkœ
ˆZwi
, DË
i ej
v I †
jLv
Qwe
†`‡L
K‡_
vcK
_b ˆ
Zwi
Kiv
M‡íi
mvi
gg© e
jv I
†jL
v, we
cixZ
kã
ejv
I
†jLv
, cÖ‡
kœi D
Ëi
ejv I
†jL
v
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
113
2.8.1 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi wfwˇZ ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv
ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv
†h †Kvb KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| cvV`vb g~jZ GKwU RwUj KvR| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg myôz I dj`vqKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZw`‡bi Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| cwiKíbv Kiv n‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡b BwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| A_©vr †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi msL¨v, welq I welqe¯‘i cÖK…wZ, †kÖwY NÈv, wkÿv_©x‡K KZUv mgq †`Iqv n‡eÑGKwU ˆ`wbK Kvh©Ki cvVcwiKíbv cÖYq‡b Gme we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq| cvV`v‡bi d‡j wkïiv Kx `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡e, Kx Kx cvV mswkøó DcKiY n‡e, wkÿv_©xiv Kx ai‡bi cÖkœ Ki‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw` welq wkÿK‡K c~‡e©B wba©viY K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| cvVcwiKíbvq wkïiv Kx †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e, H †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wkÿK Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb, wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb we‡kl c×wZ wkÿK e¨envi Ki‡eb Zvi D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbvq| ZvB ejv hvq †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb Kvh©µg myôz I mv_©Kfv‡e cwiPvjbvi j‡ÿ¨ ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| Gi gva¨‡g wkÿKÑ
• cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvb‡Z cv‡ib;
• cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
• †kÖwYK‡¶ Activity Based Learning (ABL) cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
• cÖwZw`b mivmwi wkï‡`i cVb (One to One) ïb‡Z cv‡ib;
• cÖwZwU wkky‡K Zvi wbR¯^ MwZ I `¶Zv Abyhvqx cVb Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡bvi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib;
• †QvU`‡j wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx bvbv DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
• wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri †k‡l wkï‡`i mggv‡bi M‡íi eB covi my‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡ib;
• wkï‡`i †kÖwYwfwËK †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZ Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Avwg ne KweZvi Ici 5 w`‡bi cwiKíbv KvVv‡gv K‡i †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbvi bgybv
(cvwÿK cwiKíbvi w`b Ñ 1 †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q)
wcwiqW : 1
cvV¨vsk : Ôkx‡Zi mKvj ................................ Le‡ii KvM‡R|Õ c„ôv : 16
DcKiY : cvV¨eB, we‡kl k‡ãi KvW© BZ¨vw`
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj
• cvV mswkøó QwewU †kÖwYi Ggb ¯’v‡b UvwO‡q †`e †hb mKj wkÿv_©x Zv †`L‡Z cvq| Qwei welq wb‡q cv‡ki R‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Qwei welqe¯‘ ej‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i mnvqZv Kie| cÖm½ †U‡b AvR‡Ki cvV †NvlYv Kie|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
114
• wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i cvV¨vskUzKz 2/3 evi c‡o †kvbve| covi mgq cv‡Vi AšÍM©Z we‡kl k‡ãi (†cvnv‡”Qb, wgwó BZ¨vw`) D”PviY Abykxjb Kiv‡bvmn evbvb †f‡O †`Lve I A_© m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`e|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i AvOzj w`‡q kã a‡i a‡i 2/3 evi Avgvi mv‡_ mg¯^‡i co‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
• covi mgq PwiÎ Abyhvqx Mjvi ¯^i cwieZ©b K‡i co‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
• Gici bxj `j‡K k‡ãi A_© †R‡b kã w`‡q cv‡V cÖ`Ë evK¨ co‡Z I wjL‡Z †`e| meyR `j‡K cvV¨vskwU co‡Z †`e, bZzb k‡ãi A_© wb‡R co‡Z I wjL‡Z †`e Ges kã w`‡q GKvwaK evK¨ wjL‡Z †`e| Avi njy` `j‡K eY© †Pbv‡bv, eY© †jLv, evbvb K‡i kã co‡Z mnvqZv Kie|
• †kÖwYi AMÖeZ©x (cviM) `yBRb wkÿv_©x‡K †kÖwYi mvg‡b G‡b GKRb‡K kwidv, Ab¨Rb‡K bvbvi f~wgKvq Awfbq Kiv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kie|
• G ch©v‡q PwiÎ Abyhvqx msjvc (WvqjM) wVK K‡i †`e Ges Kvi c‡i †K Kxfv‡e msjvc ej‡Z n‡e Zv eywS‡q eje| `yB Rb‡K †kÖwYi mvg‡b Ggbfv‡e Ae¯’vb Kwi‡q †`e †hb mK‡j †`L‡Z I ïb‡Z cvq|
• Ab¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i Awfbq †`L‡Z I ïb‡Z AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q cvV¨vskUzKz Awfbq K‡i †`Lv‡Z H `yB Rb wba©vwiZ wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv Kie| cÖ‡qvR‡b Awfb‡qi cybive„wË Kive|
• Gevi meyR `‡ji wkÿv_©x‡`i †Rvovq fvM Kie| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wkÿv_©x‡`i GKRb‡K kwidv Ges Av‡iKRb‡K bvbvi f~wgKvq wbe©vPb K‡i †`e|
• c~‡e© cÖ`wk©Z Dc¯’vc‡bi b¨vq Abykxjb Ki‡Z eje| c‡i Pwiθ‡jv ch©vqµ‡g cwieZ©b K‡i Abykxjb Ki‡Z eje|
• †kÖwY‡Z mK‡ji Awfbqg~jK cov cwiexÿY Kie| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv †`e|
• Gevi K‡qKwU `j‡K †kÖwYi mvg‡b Awfbq K‡i cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z eje|
• Kvi Awfbq †Kgb n‡q‡Q Zv wkÿv_©x‡`i wR‡Ám Kie|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Awfb‡qi Abykxj‡bi mgq †QvU`‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i 1 wgwbU covi KvR Kiv‡ev|
• Gici †QvU`‡ji KvR wn‡m‡e Ôkx‡Zi mKvjÕ-Gi cvV¨vsk n‡Z mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx KvR †`e| †hgbÑmeyR `j‡K hy³eY© wewkó bZzb kã Zwi I evK¨ MVb K‡i ejv I †jLvi KvR, bxj j‡K cvV †_‡K we‡kl kã Lyu‡R †ei Kiv I H kã w`‡q k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z †`Iqvi KvR Ges njy` `‡ji Rb¨ GKB cvV †_‡K eY© †Pbv‡bv, eY© †jLv, evbvb K‡i kã covi Abykxjb Kivi KvR †`e|
• mK‡ji LvZv I m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Kie|
wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨ wba©viY I KiYxq
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lv hvq GKB †kÖwY‡Z wewfbœ wkLb Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x i‡q‡Q| †kÖwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi mgq wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`vi wfbœZvi Ici wfwË K‡i KvR w`‡j wkÿv_©xiv mn‡R wkL‡e| Gfv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡j cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xB n‡eÑ
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
115
• ¯^wbf©i cvVK
• ¯^wbf©i †jLK
• mwµq †kÖvZv
• my`ÿ e³v
• ¯^vaxb wPšÍv Kivi AwaKvix
• wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y `ÿ Ges
• AvZ¥wek¦vmx
GB j‡ÿ¨ wb‡P cÖ`Ë QK †_‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wewfbœ mvg_©¨ I wkLb Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ ¯Íi Abyhvqx/Dc‡hvMx KvR wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :
¯Íi Ñ 1 ¯Íi Ñ 2 ¯Íi Ñ 3
eY©gvjv Rvb‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡e
KviwPý/¯^iwPý Rvb‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡e
mnR kã co‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡e
mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e
Qov Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Qwe Gu‡K eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e (†gŠwLK)
cvV Ki‡Z cvi‡e (mggv‡bi eB)
kÖæZwjwc wjL‡Z cvi‡e (ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e|)
hv wPšÍv K‡i Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL‡Z cvi‡e
cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e
hy³eY©, kãv_© I evK¨ MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Qwe Gu‡K eY©bv Ki‡Z Ges wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq A_ev wb‡R wjL‡Z cvi‡e
hy³eY© Rvb‡Z, co‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡e
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
cvV Ki‡Z cvi‡e (mggv‡bi eB) co‡Z cvi‡e
kÖæZwjwc wjL‡Z cvi‡e
hv fv‡e Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡e
cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z I cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡e
welqwfwËK wjL‡Z cvi‡e
Qwei eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Qwe Gu‡K eY©bv Ki‡Z Ges wb‡R wjL‡Z cvi‡e
mgq wefvRb (evsjv)
†kÖwY‡Z djcÖm~ I Kvh©Ki cvV`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`vi Íi-Dc‡hvMx, KvR wfwËK cvV cwiKíbv
Acwinvh©| cvV cwiKíbvq DwjøwLZ KvR¸‡jv myPviæiƒ‡c m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ KvRwfwËK mgq-wefvRb
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wefvwRZ mgq Abymv‡i cwiKwíZ Kv‡R wkÿv_©x‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i cvV`vb Ki‡j
wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB wkLbdj AR©b K‡i| wb‡gœ evsjv wel‡q mgq wefvR‡bi bgybv QK †`Iqv n‡jv :
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
116
mgq wefvR‡bi bgybv QK
µwgK bs KvR wkÿ‡Ki mgq wkÿv_©xi mgq
1
mg‡eZ KvR
• Kzkj wewbgq
• e‡Y©i KvR
• Kvi wP‡ýi KvR
• wm‡jev‡mi KvR I wb‡`k©bv
8 wgwbU 8 wgwbU
2
eo `j/wgkÖ `j/eÜz `‡ji KvR
• m„Rbkxj †jLv
• eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi
• Kvi wPý w`‡q kã ˆZwi
• cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv/ˆZwi
• evbvb †KŠkj/hy³ eY©
• kãv_© †jLv/evK¨ ˆZwi
0 wgwbU 12 wgwbU
3 1 wgwbU wiwWs 10 wgwbU 1 wgwbU
4†QvU `‡j KvR
¯ÍiwfwËK KvR (mvg_¨© Abyhvqx)
7.5 wgwbU *2 `j= 15 wgwbU
15 wgwbU
5
evowZ mg‡qi KvR
• B”Qvg‡Zv eB cov
• eY©gvjv/DcKiY wb‡q †Ljv
0 wgwbU 4 wgwbU
mgq e¨e¯’vcbv Abyhvqx wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Ri e¨vL¨v
mgq : 40 wgwbU
� cÖ_g mg‡eZ K¬vm 8 wgwbU
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
117
evsjv wel‡q cÖ_g 8 wgwbU mgq †h fv‡e e¨q Kiv n‡e :
4. 1. Kzkj wewbgq :
(K) wkÿK mK‡ji Kzkj Rvb‡eb Ges wkÿv_©x‡`iI ci¯ú‡ii Kzkj I LeivLei
Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖkœ Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb|
(L) Lei ejv : cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©x‡`i ga¨ †_‡K `y-GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K Lei ïb‡eb| wkÿv_©x‡`i Lei ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb| Le‡ii g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ
• wkïi ˆ`bw›`b cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ NUbv (wkÿv_©x KZ…©K)
• wkïi g‡b `vM Kv‡U Ggb †Kv‡bv NUbv (wkÿv_©x KZ…©K)
• Lei †_‡K cÖkœ K‡i fv‡jv I g›` w`K Zz‡j aiv (wkÿK KZ…©K)
• NUbvi m‡½ wkïi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© _vK‡j Zvi f~wgKv ev KiYxq Zz‡j aiv (wkÿK KZ…©K)
5. 2. eY© †Pbv‡bvi wbqg
• wkÿv_©x‡`i eY© †Pbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g †ev‡W© GKwU eY©, †hgbÑÔKÕ wjLyb| ÔKÕ w`‡q †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡`i bvg ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb| †hgbÑKwei, KYv BZ¨vw`|
• Gici cwiwPZ kã ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z nq| †hgbÑ ÔKÕ †kLv‡Z ÔKÕ w`‡q Kj, Kjg, Kjm, K`g, Kjv, Kgjv BZ¨vw` kã ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| k㸇jv gvBÛ g¨vwcs‡qi g‡Zv wjL‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ
• †h kã †ev‡W© †jLv n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K eY© †kLv‡bv n‡e, †mwU †i‡L evwK¸‡jv gy‡Q †dj‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ K‡ji ÔKÕ †i‡L ÔjÕ gy‡Q †dj‡Z n‡e|
• Zvici ÔKÕ †Pbv‡Z n‡e|
Kj
Kjv
Kjg
Kjm
K`gKgjv
K
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
118
6. 3. Kvi-wP‡ýi KvR (evbvb †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj) :
eY© †kLv‡bvi ci †ev‡W© GKwU ¯^iwPý wjLyb| †hgbÑ v Kvi| Gevi Zvi D”PviY †kLvb, Av = v A_©vr Av Ges v `y‡UvB Av| Av-eY©wU k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e‡m Ges v- wPý k‡ãi gv‡S I c‡i e‡m| Gici †hme eY© Av‡MB †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mv‡_ v-wPý hy³ K‡i evbvb †kLvb| A_ev K-Gi m‡½ v-wPý hy³ K‡i wKQz kã wkÿv_©x‡`i ej‡Z ejyb, Avcwb †ev‡W© wjLyb| †hgb
• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi Ask Avjv`v K‡i wjLyb I D”PviY Kiæb| †hgbÑ
`v`v `v `v Ñ `v `v
evev ev ev Ñ ev ev
• cÖ_‡g kãwU †ev‡W© wjLyb| Zvici kãvsk¸‡jv Avjv`v K‡i D”PviY Kiæb I †k‡l kãwU Avevi D”PviY Kiæb|
� eo `j/wgkÖ `j/eÜz `‡ji KvR
cÖ_‡gB wkÿK Kv‡Ri wel‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb| wb‡`©kbv †`qvi wbqg :
• KvR ïiæ Kivi c~‡e©B wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e;
• wb‡`©kbv n‡e mywbw`©ó| †hgbÑ
evsjv wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡gÑ
¾ 50% wkÿv_©x‡K Ôm„Rbkxj †jLviÕ KvRwU Ki‡Z ej‡eb
¾ 50% wkÿv_©x‡K cvV¨ eB †_‡K wba©vwiZ KvR Ki‡Z ej‡eb
• 10 †_‡K 15 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ KvR cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ
¾ hviv m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR KiwQj Zviv cvV¨ eB‡qi KvR Ki‡e
¾ hviv cvV¨ eB‡qi KvR KiwQj Zviv m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e
v
bv
bvbv
gv
gvgv
KvKvKv
ev
evev
`v
`v`v
Pv
PvPv
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
119
• hv‡`i `y‡Uv KvRB †kl n‡q hv‡e Zv‡`i ¯ÍiwfwËK wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR (Activity) eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e| A_ev mggv‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi M‡íi eB co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wb‡`©kbv †`qvi ci wkÿv_©xiv wgkÖ `‡j ev eÜz `‡j e‡m GKKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e A_ev `‡j KvR Ki‡e| wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xiv †h †h KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m¸‡jv n‡”Q Ñ
• wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ wiwWs eB †_‡K 1 wgwbU wiwWs cov
• m„Rbkxj †jLv
• wm‡jevm ev ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR
[ wm‡jevmwfwËK KvR
• kãv_© †jLv/evK¨ ˆZwi
• cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv/ˆZwi
• MÖæc wiwWs BZ¨vw`
wm‡jevmwfwËK †h KvR Ki‡Z n‡e, wkÿv_©x‡`i KvR Ki‡Z †`qvi mgq wkÿK Zv eywS‡q †`‡eb|]
[†hgb :
− eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi
− Kvi-wPý w`‡q kã ˆZwi
− evbvb †KŠkj/hy³e‡Y© kã ˆZwi ev hy³eY© fvOv
− kãv_© †jLv/evK¨ ˆZwi
− cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv/ˆZwi
− MÖæcwiwWs
wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ wkÿv_©xiv hZ¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e wVK ZZ¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| Avevi 10 wgwbU †_‡K 15 wgwbU ci A_ev wkÿv_©xi GKwU KvR †kl n‡j wb‡`©kbv w`‡q Av‡iKwU KvR Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
GB mgq wkÿK wiwWs-†iKW© LvZv I ¯ÍiwfwËK wiwWseB wb‡q 10 wgwbU mg‡q wba©vwiZ ¯Íi Abyhvqx 10 Rb wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki 1 wgwbU wiwWs cov ïb‡eb A_ev wiwWs cov‡eb| wiwWs‡qi gvb m¤ú‡K© wiwWs-†iKW© LvZvq wba©vwiZ Kjv‡g wZwb wPý †`‡eb, cÖ‡qvR‡b gšÍe¨ wj‡L ivL‡eb|
� †QvU`‡j KvR
†QvU`‡j cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx GKB `‡ji wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq bZzb wel‡qi Ici aviYv jvf Ki‡e Ges Zvi Abykxjb Ki‡e| g~jZ †QvU`‡j KvR Kivi mgq cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki wbweo mvnPh© I mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q _v‡K| †QvU`‡j KvR¸‡jv‡Z GKB mvg_©¨¯Í‡ii AímsL¨K wkÿv_©x‡`i GKB wel‡q aviYv ¯úó K‡i †`qvi †Póv Kiv nq, Ges Zvi ciciB †m aviYv I mswkøó Kvh©vewjiI Abykxjb Kiv‡bv nq| ZvB, †QvU`‡j Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g GKB ¯Í‡ii mKj wkï‡K GKB aviYv †`qv I Zv AvqË Kiv‡bv mnR nq|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
120
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡`i msL¨vi Ici wfwË K‡i ¯Íi Abyhvqx 6/7/8wU Dc`‡j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j 6-7 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡Z cv‡i| evsjv wel‡q cÖwZw`b wZbwU `j‡K wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿK GLv‡b cÖwZ `‡j 5 wgwbU K‡i 3 `‡ji Rb¨ †gvU 15 wgwbU mgq e¨q Ki‡eb| G Kv‡R wkÿv_©xiv 8-10 wgwbU KvR Kivi my‡hvM jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†QvU`‡j Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î ¯ÍiwfwËK ev mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x‡`i wb¤œiƒc KvR Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i :
• wiwWs †Mg (†hgbÑÔjvj ej jvj cyZzjÕ, Ôgqbv wUqvÕ, Ôjvj gyiwM mv`v dzjÕ eB¸‡jv †_‡K wiwWs †Mg Kiv‡bv)
• eY© I Kvi-wP‡ýi KvR (Activities )
†hgbÑeY© I Kvi †gjv‡bvi †Ljv • cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv/ˆZwi
• MÖæc wiwWs
• kÖæZwjwc
• Ab¨vb¨
(we.`ª. wkÿK hLb †QvU `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb, ZLb gv‡S gv‡S wgkÖ `‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb| GKwU KvR †kl n‡j wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq Zviv Av‡iKwU KvR Ki‡e|)
� evowZ mg‡qi KvR (wkÿv_©xi Rb¨)
wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Ges GKKfv‡e GKRb wkÿv_©x 34 wgwbU KvR Kivi ciI Zvi nv‡Z 6 wgwbU mgq _v‡K| G‡K wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ evowZ mgq ejv nq| GB mgq wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b ivLv eB (eyK Kb©vi) †_‡K cQ›`g‡Zv eB wb‡q co‡Z cv‡i A_ev eY©gvjvi wewfbœ DcKiY wb‡q †Lj‡Z cv‡i| A_ev kã w`‡q ˆZwi jyWz †Lj‡Z cv‡i|
Ic‡ii ewY©Z wewfbœ Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q GKRb wkÿK †hgb 40 wgwbU mgq e¨q K‡ib, †Zgwb GKRb wkÿv_©xI 40 wgwbU mgq mwµqfv‡e Avb›`gq Kv‡R e¨¯Í _v‡K|
1 wgwbU cvV Kiv Ges cvV Kivi †iKW©
cÖwZwU wkï cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq GK wgwbU wiwWs co‡e| wkL‡bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx eB †_‡K cvV Ki‡e d‡j Zvi g‡a¨ AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi Rb¥ †b‡e Ges ax‡i ax‡i †m mvejxj cvVK n‡q DV‡e|
ch©vqµ‡g cÖwZwU wkïi 1 wgwbU cvV wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• cvV Kiv‡bvi mgq wkÿv_©xi †emjvBb wi‡cvU© m‡½ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡Z kbv³K…Z Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z n‡e ;
• cÖwZw`b Kgc‡ÿ 10 Rb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Core Reader (wba©vwiZ bZzb SRM) †_‡K 1 wgwbU cvV Ki‡e ;
• GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K 1 wgwb‡U hZwU evK¨ cov‡bv m¤¢e ZZwU evK¨ cov‡eb ;
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
121
• wkÿK 1 wgwbU cov‡bv †kl K‡i LvZvq Zvi †iKW© ivL‡eb| wkÿv_©x †h Zvwi‡L co‡e †mB Zvwi‡Li N‡i cwVZ eB‡qi c„ôv b¤^i †cwÝj w`‡q wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e|
• †h me wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z cv‡i bv Zviv wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq 1 wgwbU cvV Ki‡e| †hgb : hviv cÖ_g †kÖwYi eB co‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡`i cÖ_g Ô†kÖwYi mggv‡biÕ eB w`‡q ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e;
• hLb GKUz co‡Z wkL‡e ZLb wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z †Póv Ki‡e| †h kãwU wkÿv_©x wb‡R co‡Z cvi‡e bv wkÿK †mwU e‡j †`‡eb, wkÿv_©x Zvi m‡½ m‡½ co‡e ;
• †h me wkÿv_©x co‡Z cv‡i wbw`©ó eB †_‡K wkÿK Zv‡`i 1 wgwbU cov‡eb ev cov ïb‡eb;
• cÖwZw`b 10Rb wkÿv_©x‡K cvV Kivi KvRwU m¤úbœ Kivi gva¨‡g ch©vqµ‡g D³ †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©x‡K cvV Kivi KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv e„ËvKv‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e hZw`b bv ch©šÍ mKj wkÿv_©x mvewjj cvVK n‡q I‡V|
• G Kvh©µ‡g †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi msL¨vi Ici wbf©i K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x 3/4/5 w`b ci ci cvV Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e;
• GQvov, wkÿv_©xiv †kÖwYi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ KvR Ges wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ KvR †kl K‡i mgq _vK‡j †kÖwYK‡ÿ ¯^vaxbfv‡e eB covi my‡hvM cv‡e|
• wkÿv_©xi GKwU eB †kl Ki‡Z hZ w`b jvM‡e ZZ w`b Zv‡K H wbw`©ó eB †_‡K cvV Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
122
cvwÿK g~j¨vqb
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wkï‡K Zvi wkLb mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv nq| Gi Ici wfwË K‡i 12wU (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î †ZiwU) K¬v‡mi ci wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| G‡KB ejv nq cvwÿK g~j¨vqb| wkÿv_©xi wkL‡bi gvÎv wPwýZ Kivi ci †mB g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ (Learning achivement) Abyhvqx cybivq wkÿv_©xi mvg‡_©¨i †kÖwYKiY (grouping) Kiv nq| GB †kÖwYKi‡Yi d‡j A‡bK wkÿv_©xB cyivZb `j †_‡K bZzb `‡j P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, †h wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq coZ, †m nq‡Zv mvejxj cV‡bi `‡j DbœxZ n‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_©x‡`i kbv³K…Z bZzb Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx Avevi cieZ©x cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq|
cvwÿK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv
¾ cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi mgq wkÿK wba©vwiZ wkÿv_©xi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ m‡½ ivL‡eb| wkÿv_©xi †h mKj †ÿ‡Î wkLb cÖwZeÜKZv wQj Zvi AMÖMwZi cwigvY m¤ú‡K©I †bvU ivL‡eb|
¾ cvwÿK g~j¨vqb n‡e wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K| wkÿv_©x‡K cÖ_g 1/2 gv‡mi g‡a¨B wbw`©ó †kÖwYi mvaviY gv‡b DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
¾ cÖ‡Z¨K cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx 12 wU (ev Z‡ZvwaK, 13wU) K¬v‡mi ci wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
¾ wba©vwiZ cy‡iv mgq a‡iB (40 wgwbU) g~j¨vqb KvR Pjgvb ivL‡Z n‡e|
¾ wkÿv_©xi msL¨vi Ici wfwË K‡i g~j¨vqb KvR GKvwaK w`b Pj‡Z cv‡i|
¾ g~j¨vq‡bi mgq wkÿK myweav Abyhvqx GKRb‡K/ RywU‡Z/ `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i †W‡K wb‡q g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
¾ †h mKj wkÿv_©x Abycw¯’Z _vK‡e, K¬vm PjvKvjxb †hw`b †m Avm‡e †mB w`b Zvi g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
¾ mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx cÖ_‡gB wkÿK cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`‡eb|H w`b †Kv‡bv bZzb cov †`‡eb bv|
¾ wiwWs cov‡bvi g~j¨vqb Avjv`vfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e bv| KviY, wkÿK cÖwZw`b †h 10 Rb wkÿv_©xi 1 wgwbU wiwWs cov‡bvi KvR cwiPvjbv K‡ib, †m mgq wkÿv_©xi wiwWs-†iKW© LvZvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cV‡bi cwieZ©b, gvb I AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© wj‡L iv‡Lb| Gi wfwˇZ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Zv‡`i `‡jiI cwieZ©b K‡i _v‡Kb| wiwWs cov‡bvi cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡b wZwb †mwUB e¨envi K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB, cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡b wiwWs cov‡bvi Rb¨ Avjv`v g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K bv|
¾ wkLbdj AwR©Z n‡j wUK (√) Ges bv n‡j µm (×) wPý †`‡eb|
123123
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
8cv
wÿK
cwi
Kíb
vi A
v‡jv‡K
ˆ`w
bK c
wiK
íbv
gšÍe¨
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR
−K
weZ
vi
welq
e¯‘
wb‡q
cÖ‡
kœvË
‡i
Av‡j
vPbv
−cv
V wk
wL
2 bs
µ
wgK
wb
‡q
ch©vq
µ‡g
Av‡j
vPbv
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wjiÕ
1-
3 Ab
y‡”Q‡`
i K
wVb
k㸇
jv e
viev
i D”
PviY
Kiv
I
cov
−1-
3 Ab
y‡”Q‡`
i wk
ÿ‡K
i Av
`k©
cvV
−we
lqe¯
‘ wb‡q
Av‡j
vPbv
−ci
eZ©x
w`‡b
i †e
v‡W©i
wb‡`
©kbv
e¨vL
¨v
meyR
-1
(19.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
`j
meyR
-1
njy`-
4
meyR
-2
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY
© KvW
©
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR
−ÔA
v`k©
†Q‡j
Õ K
weZ
vwU
3 ev
i G
KvK
x co
v
−cv
V wk
wL 1
bs
µwg
‡Ki
k‡ã
i A_
© I
evK
¨ 3 e
vi c
ov
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cvV
n‡Z
1-
3 bs
Aby‡
”Q`
GK
vKx c
ov
−K
wVb
I bZ
zb kã
Luy‡R
†ei
K‡i
Z
vwjK
v Kiv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−j,
S,
c, Z
, g
eY©¸
‡jv
Øviv
Qw
ehy³
kã
KvW
© Luy‡R
†ei
K‡i
co
v−
eY© w`
‡q Q
wei
Kv‡W
©i mv
‡_ k
ã
KvW
© wgj
Kiv
I k
ã c
ov
−ÔA
v`k©
†Q‡j
Õ cv
Vwkw
L 1
bs
µwg
‡Ki
kã w
`‡q
GK
wU e
vK¨
†jLv
−2
bs µ
wg‡K
i jv
Bb¸‡
jv e
¨vL¨v
K‡i
†jL
v−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
`j mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avs
wkK
mv
nv‡h
¨ nj
y`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Zvwi
L
19.0
9.13
20.0
9.13
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
124
gšÍe¨
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
−j,
S,
c, Z
g e
Y© †P
bv I
cov
−j,
S
, c,
Z
g
eY©
w`‡q
cv
V¨cy¯
͇Ki
k㸇
jv c
ov
−eo
`‡
j e‡
m ci
eZ©x‡Z
K
x K
vR K
i‡Z
n‡e
Zvi
wb‡`
©kbv
e¨vL
¨v
KvR
njy`-
4 (1
9.09
.13
Zvwi
‡Li
Abyiƒc
)
jvj-
5 (2
1.09
.13
Zvwi
‡Li
Abyiƒc
)
jvj-
5
`j njy`-
3
jvj-
6
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
‡Vi
4-6
Aby‡”Q
` 3
evi
cov
−K
wVb
k‡ã
i Z
vwjK
v Kiv
−eÜ
yi mn
vqZ
vq k
ã c
ov-
m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−j,
S
, c,
Z
, g
eY©
Kv‡W
©i mv
‡_ Q
wehy³
kã
I k
ã K
v‡W©i
wgjK
iY−
kã c
ov−
eY© †
jLv
− m
„Rbk
xj †
jLv
KvR −
ÔAv`
k© †Q
‡jÕ
Kwe
Zvi
3b
s µ
wg‡K
i DË
i †j
Lv−
cvV
wkwL
3 b
s µ
wg‡K
i Ab
yiƒc
cÖkœcÎ
ˆZ
wi K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
V n‡
Z
7-9
bs A
by‡”Q
` G
KvK
x cov
−K
wVb
I bZ
zb kã
Luy‡R
†ei
K‡i
Z
vwjK
v Kiv
−eÜ
yi mn
vqZ
vq c
ov−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
Zvwi
L
22.0
9.13
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
125
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
−1,
2 I
3bs
µwg
‡Ki
KvR
¸‡jv
g~j
¨vqb
I d
jveZ
©b K
iv−
4,
5,
6,
7,
8 bs
µ
wg‡K
i cÖk
œ wb
‡q
Av‡j
vPbv
−ci
eZ©x
K¬v‡m
KvR
¸‡jv
K
ivi
wb‡`
©kbv †
`Iqv
−wk
ÿv_
©©x‡`i
4-12
bs
Aby‡”Q
‡`i
KwV
b k‡
ãi
Zvwj
Kv
n‡Z
ch
©vqµ
‡g
k㸇
jv e
vi e
vi c
ov
−cÖ‡
kœvË
‡i A
v‡jvP
bv
−ci
eZ©x
K¬v‡m
i K
v‡Ri
wb‡`
©kbv
jvj-
6
meyR
-1
njy`-
4
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
mggv
‡bi
eB
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
Ôi‡
Oi †
jLvÕ
n‡Z
j,
S,
c, Z
, g
eY©¸‡
jv Ø
viv k
ã
Luy‡R
†ei
K‡i
kã
Kv‡W
© †jL
v−
Kv‡W
© †jLv
kã
KvW
©¸‡jv
Kv‡W
©/K
vM‡R
AvV
v w`
‡q j
vwM‡q
jyWz
ˆZwi
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−ÔA
v`k©
†Q‡j
Õ Kwe
ZvwU
†`‡L
†`‡L
1
evi
†jLv
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
cov
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
n‡Z
5wU
cÖkœ
ˆZwi
K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
‡Vi
10-
12 A
by‡”Q
` 3
evi
cov
−K
wVb
k‡ã
i Z
vwjK
v Kiv
−eÜ
yi mn
vqZ
vq k
ã c
ov−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−P,
V,
Z,
m, e
eY©¸
‡jv
Øviv
Qw
ehy³
kã
KvW
© I k
ã K
vW© †
ei
Kiv
−e‡
Y©i Q
wei
Kv‡W
©i mv
‡_ k
ã K
vW©
wgj
Kiv
I c
ov−
m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
23.0
9.13
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
126
gšÍe¨
†Qv
U `‡
ji A
bykxj
bg~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY
© KvW
©, k‡
ãi
jyWz
KvR
meyR
-2
(29.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
Abyi
~c)
−j,
S,
c, Z
, e
eY©¸‡
jv
w`‡q
cv
V¨eB
‡qi
kã
jeY,
jZ
v, jv
D, S
o,
Szwo
, cv
Zv,
cvLv
, Z
vj,
Zvj
v, Z
ejv
cov
I eY
© †j
Lv−
mggv
‡bi
eB n
‡Z k
ã
w`‡q
wk
ÿv_
©x‡`i
ˆZwi
jyW
z †Lj
v−
eo`‡
j e‡
m K
xfv‡e
jyWz
†Lj‡
e Z
v e¨vL
¨v †`
Iqv
njy`-
4
(23.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
`j
meyR
-2
jvj- 5
njy`-
3
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR −
ÔAv`
k© †Q
‡jÕ
Kwe
ZvwU
i cv
V wk
wLi
5 I
7 bs
µwg
‡Ki
DËi
†jLv
−5
I 7
bs µ
wg‡K
i Ab
yiƒc c
Ökœ ˆZ
wi K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
V n‡
Z 1
bs
µwg
‡Ki
kã I
evK
¨ G
KvK
x co
v−
kã w
`‡q
Abyiƒc
5wU
evK
¨ ˆZ
wi
K‡i
†jL
v−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−P,
V,
f, m
, e
eY© K
v‡W©i
mv‡_
Qw
ehy³
kã
I k
ã K
v‡W©i
wgjK
iY−
kã c
ov I
eY©
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−ÔA
v`k©
†Q‡j
Õ cv
V wk
wL
8bs
µwg
‡Ki
DËi
†jLv
−8
bs µ
wg‡K
i Ab
yiƒc c
Ökœ ˆZ
wi
Kiv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Zvwi
L
24.0
9.13
25.0
9.13
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
127
gšÍe¨
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR
jvj-
5
(24.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i A
byiƒc)
−ÔG
KR
b cU
zqvi
K_v
Õ cv
‡Vi
welq
e¯‘
cÖ‡kœv
ˇi
Av
‡jvP
bv−
†ev‡W
©i wb
‡`©kb
v (c
ieZ
©x K
¬vm¸‡
jv‡Z
K
x K
vR
) wb
‡q A
v‡jvP
bv
−wk
ÿv_
©xi c
vV w
kwL
As‡k
1,
2, 3
I 5
bs
µwg
‡Ki
KvR
g~j
¨vqb
I d
jvd
j
−cv
Vwkw
L As
‡k 8
bs µ
wg‡K
i `v
wo,
Kgv
I c
Ökœ wP
ý w
b‡q
Av‡j
vPbv
`j jvj-
6
meyR
-1
njy`-
4
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I hy³
e‡Y©i
Ab
ykxjb
x K
vW©
mggv
‡bi
eB-
i‡Oi
†L
jv,
kã K
vW©,
KvM
R
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR −
ÔcvL
-cv
Lvwj
i K
_vÕ
cvV
wkwL
2
bs µ
wg‡K
i hy³
eY© †
f‡O
wbR
wbR
LvZ
vq †
jLv
−hy³
eY© w`
‡q e
B‡qi
2wU
kã
I
eB‡q
i ev
B‡i
†_‡K
1wU
kã
†j
Lv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
‡qi
Ôi‡O
i †L
jvÕ
n‡Z
P,
V, f
, m,
e e
Y©¸‡j
v w`
‡q k
ã L
uy‡R †
ei K
‡i k
ã
Kv‡W
© †jL
v−
kã K
vW© w`
‡q j
yWz ˆZ
wi−
m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−cv
V¨eB
‡qi
ÔGK
Rb
cUzqv
i K
_vÕ
cvVw
U 3
evi
GK
vKx
cov
−k‡
ãi
A_© e
yS‡Z
cv‡i
bv G
gb k
ã
wPwý
Z K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−cv
L-cv
Lvwj
i K
_v c
vV wk
wL A
s‡ki
3-
5 bs
µwg
‡Ki
DËi¸
‡jv †
jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
`j
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
Zvwi
L
26.0
9.13
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
128
ÔvÕ,
Ô w Õ
K
viwP
ý
KvW
©, kã
K
vW©
meyR
-1
(26.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
−ÔvÕ
, Ôw
Õ wPý
kã
Luy‡R
†ei
K
iv,
†Pbv
I †
jLv
−ÔvÕ
I
ÔwÕ
wP
‡ýi
mv‡_
cw
iwPZ
eY©
w`‡q
kã
ˆZ
wi
I co
v−
cieZ
©x K
¬v‡m
†ev‡W
©i wb
‡`k©b
v e¨vL
¨v
meyR
-2
jvj-
5
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
ÔvÕ,
Ô w Õ
K
viwP
ý
KvW
©, kã
K
vW©
−wb
‡R‡`
i ˆZ
wiK
…Z
k‡
ãi
jyWz
(KvM
‡R A
vVv w
`‡q
jvMv
‡bv k
ã K
vW©)
wb‡q
†Lj
v
−P,
V,
Z,
m, e
eY©
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−ÔG
KR
b cU
zqvi
K_v
Õ cv‡V
i cv
V wk
wL 1
bs µ
wgK
3 e
vi c
ov
−2b
s µ
wg‡K
i hy³
eY©
†f‡½
Av
iI h
y³eY
© mse
wjZ
bZ
zb kã
†j
Lv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ n‡
Z c
vV w
kwL
As‡k
i 6
bs µ
wg‡K
i ev
K¨
ˆZwi
K
iv
−7b
s cÖk
œ cov
I G
KwU
bZ
zb ev
K¨
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−ÔvÕ
, Ô w
Õ Kvi
wPý
w`‡q
5 wU
K‡i
kã
Luy‡
R †
ei K
iv−
Kvi
wPý
†jL
v−
5wU
K‡i
kã
wbR
wbR
LvZ
vq †
jLv
− m
„Rbk
xj †
jLv
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
28.0
9.13
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
129
gšÍe¨
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR
njy`-
4
(26.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
jvj-
5
(28.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
−cv
V wk
wL 3
-6b
s µ
wg‡K
i K
vR g
~j¨vq
b I
djv
eZ©b
−8b
s µwg
‡Ki
cÖkœ ˆ
Zwi
`j nj~`-
3
jvj-
6
meyR
-1
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³
kã I
eY©
KvW
©
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
KvR −
ÔGK
Rb
cUzqv
i K
_vÕ
cvV
†_‡K
cv
V wk
wL
3-4b
s µ
wg‡K
i cÖ‡
kœvË
i †j
Lv−
3-4b
s µwg
‡Ki
Abyiƒc
cÖkœ
ˆZwi
K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−cv
L-cv
Lvwj
i K
_v c
vV n
‡Z 8
-9b
s µ
wg‡K
i wb
‡`©kb
v Abyh
vqx e
vK¨ †
jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−ÔvÕ
, Ô w
Õ K
viwP
ý w`
‡q m
ggv‡b
i eB
n‡
Z 5
wU K
‡i k
ã,
kã K
v‡W© †
jLv
−K
viwP
ý †
jLv
−kã
KvW
© w`‡q
jyWz
ˆZwi
−eÜ
yi mv
‡_ ˆ
Zwi
K…Z
jyWz
w`‡q
kã
ej
v I †
Ljv
− m
„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−ÔG
KR
b cU
zqvi
K_v
Õ cv
‡Vi
cvV
wkwL
5,
6bs µ
wg‡K
i cÖ‡
kœvË
i †j
Lv−
5, 6
bs µ
wg‡K
i Ab
yiƒc c
Ökœ ˆZ
wi
Kiv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Zvwi
L
29.0
9.13
30.0
9.13
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
130
gšÍe¨
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
kã,
eY©,
Kvi
wPý
I
evK
¨ K
vW©
−wk
ÿv_
©x‡`i
KwV
b k‡
ãi
Zvwj
Kv
n‡Z
ch
©vqµ
‡g
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i co
v-†k
vbv
−ch
©vqµ
‡g A
by‡”Q
‡`i
cov-
†kvb
v
−4-
9 bs
µ
wg‡K
i K
v‡Ri
g~j¨vq
b I
djv
eZ©b
KvR
meyR
-1
(30.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
−kã
†f‡
O †`
Lv‡b
v
−ev
bvb
K‡i
kã
†jL
v
−kã
w`‡q
evK
¨ ejv
I c
ov
−wi
wWs †
Mg
njy`-
4
`j
meyR
-2
jvj-
5
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã
, eY
© I
Kvi
wPý
K
vW©
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
eY©
I K
viwP
ý
KvW
©
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
VwU
3 ev
i co
v−
KwV
b kã
¸‡jv
evi
evi
cov
I wb
R
LvZ
vq †
jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−j,
S,
c, Z
, g
eY© m
sewj
Z k
ã
†f‡O
LvZ
vq †
jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
KvR −
ÔGK
Rb
cUzqv
i K
_vÕ
cvV
n‡Z
cv
Vwkw
L 7-
8 bs
µwg
‡Ki
cÖ‡kœv
Ëi
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
cov
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
n‡Z
5wU
†Qv
U cÖk
œ ˆZ
wi K
iv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−P,
V,
m, Z
, e
eY©¸
‡jv Ø
viv ˆ
Zwi
kã
†f‡
O Lv
Zvq
†jL
v
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
Zvwi
L
01.1
0.13
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
131
gšÍe¨
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cªkœcÎ
njy`
-4
(30.
09.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
jvj-
5
(01.
10.1
3 Z
vwi‡L
i Ab
yiƒc)
KvR
-
g~j¨vq
b
njy`- 3
jvj-
6
`j meyR
-1
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
I
mggv
‡bi
eB
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
ÔGK
we
‡K‡j
i i‡
Oi †
LjvÕ
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
n‡Z
ÔGK
Rb
cUzqv
i K
_vÕ c
vV
n‡Z
cvV
wkwL
8bs
µwg
‡Ki
Abyiƒc
cªkœ
Zwi
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
‡Vi
hy³eY
©¸‡jv
†f
‡O †
jLv
−hy³
eY© m
sewj
Z k
ã c
ov−
hy³eY
© Øvi
v 1wU
K‡i
bZ
zb kã
ˆZ
wi−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
ÔG
K w
e‡K
‡ji
i‡Oi
†Lj
vÕ co
v
−K
wVb
k‡ã
i wb
‡P `
vM †
`Iqv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
KvR −
mggv
‡bi
eB n
‡Z e
Üyi
ˆZwi
K…Z
8 b
s µ
wg‡K
i cÖ‡
kœvË
i †j
Lv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
cov
−
mggv
‡bi
eB n
‡Z K
wVb
kã L
uy‡R †
ei K
‡i
eÜyi
mnvq
Zvq
cov
−kã
w`‡q
GK
wU K
‡i e
vK¨ ˆ
Zwi
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
02.1
0.13
Zvwi
L
03.0
9.13
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
132
cªkœcÎ
cªkœcÎ
cªkœcÎ
I
kã,
eY©,
Kvi
wPý
I
evK
¨
KvW
©
-
g~j¨vq
b
-
g~j¨vq
b
njy`- 4
meyR
-2 jv
j-5
kã,
Qweh
y³ k
ã
I eY
© KvW
©
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
mggv
‡bi
eB
kã,
eY©,
Kvi
wPý
I
evK
¨
KvW
©
−j,
S
, c,
Z
, g
eY©¸‡
jv
Øviv
cv
V¨cy¯
͇Ki
evK
¨¸‡j
vi
mv‡_
G
‡jv‡g
‡jv k
ã w`
‡q m
vRv‡b
v
−ev
K¨¸
‡jv c
ov
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−G
KR
b cU
zqvi
K_v
Õ cv
VwU
3 ev
i co
v
−cv
V wk
wL 9
bs
µwg
‡Ki
cÖ‡kœv
Ëi
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
cov
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
n‡
Z
KwV
b k‡
ãi
Zvwj
Kv K
iv
−eÜ
yi mn
vqZ
vq k
ã c
ov
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−P,
V,
Z,
m, e
eY©
w`‡q
cvV
¨cy¯Í‡
Ki
ev‡K
¨i
mv‡_
G
‡jv‡g
‡jv
kã
mvR
v‡bv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
05.0
9.13
cÖ_g †kÖwYÑcÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ m„Rbkxj †jLvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv
133
gšÍe¨
†h‡n
Zy wk
ÿv_
©xiv c
ÖwZw`
b eo
`‡j
e‡m
KvR
Kiv
i my‡
hvM
cvq
Ges
†QvU
`‡j
Kg
my‡hv
M cv
q, †m
Rb¨
Ggb
fv‡e
cwi
Kíb
v Ki‡
Z n
‡e h
v‡Z K
‡i wk
ïiv
wkÿ
‡Ki
mnvq
Zv w
b‡q
GK
vKx,
†Rvo
vq I
`‡j
Abyk
xjb
K‡i
†kL
vi m
y‡hvM
cvq
|
†QvU
`‡j
i Ab
ykxjb
g~jK
KvR
DcK
iY
cÖkœcÎ
cÖkœcÎ
kã
, eY
©, K
viwP
ý
I ev
K¨
K
vW©
KvR
-
g~j¨vq
b
-
g~j¨vq
b
`j njy`-
3 jvj-
6
eo `
‡ji
Abykx
jbg~j
K K
vR
DcK
iY
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
cvV¨
cy¯ÍK
kã,
Qweh
y³ k
ã
I eY
© KvW
©
KvR −
mggv
‡bi
eB c
ov−
mggv
‡bi
eB n
‡Z Ô
GK
Rb
cUzqv
i K
_vÕ
cv‡V
i cv
Vwkw
L 9b
s µ
wg‡K
i Ab
yiƒc c
Ökœ ˆZ
wi K
iv−
m„Rbk
xj †
jLv
−Ôc
vL-
cvLv
wji
K_v
Õ cv
VwU
3 ev
i co
v
−cv
V wk
wL 4
I 9
bs µ
wg‡K
cÖ‡k
œvËi
†jLv
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
−G
‡jv‡g
‡jv k
ã w`
‡q e
vK¨ ˆ
Zwi
−ev
K¨ †
jLv
−mg
gv‡b
i eB
cov
−m„R
bkxj
†jL
v
`j
mvej
xj
meyR
-
1 I
2
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
njy`-
3 I
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨
jvj-
5 I
6
Zvwi
L
06.0
9.13
134
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
9
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb
†kÖwY : Z…Zxq
welq : evsjv
ZvwiL :
cvVMZ Ae¯’vb : mvejxj cv‡i : √ wUK wPý cv‡i bv : × µm wPý wkÿv_©xi
bvg I
†ivj
ÔAv`k© †Q‡jÕ ÔGKRb cUzqvi K_vÕ
mvejxjfv‡e
Ave„wË
Ki‡Z
cv‡i
kã I
evK¨
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
KweZvwU
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
cÖ‡kœvËi
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
(cvV
wkwL
1-9
bs
µwgK)
cÖkœ ˆZwi
Ki‡Z
cv‡i
(cvV wkwL
1-9 bs
µwg‡Ki
Abyiƒc)
hy³eY©
co‡Z
cv‡i
I kã
wjL‡Z
cv‡i|
mvejxj
fv‡e
co‡Z
cv‡i
cÖ‡kœvËi
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
(cvV wkwL
1-10bs
µwgK)
cÖkœ ˆZwi
Ki‡Z
cv‡i
(cvV wkwL
1-10bs
µwg‡Ki
Abyiƒc)
Aby‡”Q`
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
eÜyi
cÖ‡kœi
DËi
wjL‡Z
cv‡i
g~j¨vq‡bi bvg : 1 wgwbU wiwWs, wgkÖ `‡j e‡m KvR I †QvU `‡j Kv‡Ri mgq wkÿK g~j¨vqb QK c~iY Ki‡eb Ges G djvd‡ji wfwˇZ cieZ©x 15 w`‡bi cvwÿK cwiKíbv Ki‡eb|
135135
w`b
1Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
9
135
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb
†kÖwY : Z…Zxq
welq : evsjv
ZvwiL:
cvVMZ Ae¯’vb : wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ cv‡i : √ wUK wPý cv‡i bv : × µm wPý
wkÿv_©xi bvg I †ivj
cvL-cvLvwji K_v
cvVwU mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i
wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨
co‡Z cv‡i
cvV wkwL I 1-3 bs µwg‡Ki cÖ‡kœvËi wjL‡Z cvi‡eb
cvV wkwL I 4-6 bs µwg‡Ki cÖ‡kœvËi wjL‡Z cvi‡eb
cvVwkwL I 6-9 bs µwg‡Ki cÖ‡kœvËi wjL‡Z cvi‡eb
mggv‡bi eB mvejxjfv‡e
co‡Z cvi‡eb
136
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
9cv
wÿK
cwi
Kíb
vi I
ci g
~j¨vq
b (b
gybv)
: ev
sjv
†kÖwY
: Z
…Zxq
welq
: e
vsjv
Zvwi
L :
cvVM
Z A
e¯’vb
: wk
ÿ‡K
i m¤
ú~Y© m
vnv‡h
¨
cv
‡i :
wUK
wPý
(√)
cv‡i
bv :
(×)
µm
wPý
eY© I
Kvi
wPý
Øvi
v cvV
I m
ggv‡b
i eB
‡qi
kã c
o‡Z
cv‡i
wLj,
wWg,
wb
g, wk
kK
vK,
Lvj,
Z
vjZ
vjv,
Zvj
, Z
ejv
c_,
cvZ
v, cv
Lv
So,
S
zwojZ
v, jv
D,
jeY
eY© I
Kvi
wPý
†P‡
b
em
fV
Pw
vg
Zc
Sj
GK
we‡K
‡ji
i‡Oi
†L
jv
wKQy
kã
co‡Z
cv
‡i
mvej
xjfv
‡e
co‡Z
cv‡i
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
w`b
1
137
w`b
10Awa‡ekb 3
¯ÍiwfwËK cÖ¯ÍvweZ evwl©K cvV cwiKíbvwkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg djcÖm~fv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki mviv eQ‡ii Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv Kiv Avek¨K| mviv eQ‡ii cvV cwiKíbv Qvov cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| A_©vr GKwU eQ‡ii cy‡iv mg‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ †kÖwY‡Z †Kvb †kÖwYi Kx Kx welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡e Ges KLb Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e Zvi c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wn‡m‡e GKwU mvwe©K wPÎ _vKv Avek¨K, hv‡Z wkÿv_©x Ges wkÿK cÖwZwU †kÖwYi cy‡iv mgq Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wkïiv wfwËnxb cwi‡e‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
¯ÍiwfwËK cvV cwiKíbvi QK (bgybv)
wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb
cvwÿK bs- cÖ_g
ZvwiL :------ n‡Z -------
cvwÿK bs- wØZxq
ZvwiL :------ n‡Z -------
cvwÿK bs- Z…Zxq
ZvwiL :------ n‡Z -------
cvwÿK bs- PZz_©
ZvwiL :------ n‡Z -------
cvwÿK bs-cÂg
ZvwiL :------ n‡Z -------
cvV¨cy¯ÍK/SRM Gi bvg I †kÖwY
cvV cvV¨cy¯ÍK/SRM Gi bvg I †kÖwY
cvV cvV¨cy¯ÍK/SRM Gi bvg
I †kÖwY
cvV cvV¨cy¯ÍK/SRM Gi bvg
I †kÖwY
cvV cvV¨cy¯ÍK/SRM Gi bvg I †kÖwY
cvV
mvejxj (cÖ_g/
wØZxq/Z…Zxq
†kÖwYi eB co‡Z cv‡i)
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
138
wkÿ‡ÿi A v s w k K m v n v ‡ h ¨ (wKQz kã c o ‡ Z cv‡i bv)
wkÿ‡Ki m¤ú~Y©
mvnv‡h¨(evbvb K‡i co‡Z
cv‡i, wKQz kã co‡Z
cv‡i, wKQz eY© I KviwPý wP‡b/
†P‡b bv)
139139
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
11
MwYZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xivÑ
1. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi wkLb Pvwn`v (Learning need) wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
3. wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
4. ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
5. ˆZwiK…Z cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
6. †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq MwYZ wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj I wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
7. wkïi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;
8. wkLb cÖwµqvq cÖwZwU wkïi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿB wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
9. wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki mg‡qi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
10. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Pjgvb g~j¨vqb I Pjgvb g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
140
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
11
MwYZ wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xiv-
1. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi wkLb Pvwn`v (Learning need) wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4. ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5. ˆZwiK…Z cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq MwYZ wel‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY Zwii †KŠkj I wewfbœ DcKiY e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
7. wkïi wkL‡bi eZ©gvb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
8. wkLb cÖwµqvq cÖwZwU wkïi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿB wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
9. wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki mg‡qi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Pjgvb g~j¨vqb I Pjgvb g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘
1. MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘|
2. MwYZ wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cvV DcKiY cwiwPwZ|
3. †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡gU cwiwPwZ I †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm I di‡g‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb I wkLb mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY|
4. cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvV`vb c×wZ|
5. MwYZ welqe¯‘ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ
6. wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgq wefvRb, cvV`vb c×wZ, †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq wewfbœ †KŠkj|
7. MwYZ wel‡qi mnvqK DcKiY ˆZwii †KŠkj |
8. wkÿv_©xi mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx wkLb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ cvV cwiKíbv|
w`b
1
141
w`b
11Awa‡ekb 2
mygvBqvi GKwU mKvj• Avgvi bvg mygvBqv| Avwg wKQyw`b Av‡M cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkw¶Kv wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †c‡qwQ| wWwcGW
Gi GB cÖwkÿ‡Y 26 w`‡b AvR cÖwk¶‡Yi eviZg w`b| AvR Avgv‡`i cÖwk¶‡Y †kÖwY‡Z wkï‡`i MwY‡Zi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb I we‡kølY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡e| Avgvi evmv †_‡K cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ 2 wK: wg:| wiKkvq cÖvq 30 wgwbU mgq jv‡M| cÖwk¶Y ïiyi mgq mKvj 8:30 wgwbU, nv‡Z gvÎ 20 wgwbU mgq Av‡Q| Awdm UvB‡g wiKkv cvIqv LyeB KwVb| ZvI GKUv †cjvg, 5 UvKv fvov †ewk w`‡Z ivwR n‡q Gjvg| †b‡g wec`, 50 UvKvi fvswZ †bB, w`‡Z n‡e 25 UvKv|
• Avgv‡`i cÖwkÿYK‡ÿi †UwejMy‡jvi AvK…wZ AvqZvKvi, Avgiv `jxq KvRMy‡jv †Uwe‡ji Pviav‡i e‡m Kwi|
• Avgvi 20 nvRvi UvKvi mÂqcÎ wQj, miKvi my‡`i cwigvY 1.25% nv‡i Kwg‡q‡Q| myZivs Avgvi jv‡fi cwigvY Kg‡e cÖwZeQ‡i 250 UvKv| G Kvi‡Y Avgvi gb †ek Lvivc|
142
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
11
142
MwYZ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv• wkÿv_©x‡`i MwYZ wel‡qi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GB †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvwU wb‡¤œ ewY©Z
n‡jv-
• †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© Zwi K‡i GKRb GKRb K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K Kv‡Q G‡b (One to one approch) g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
• GB g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g-
1. msL¨v m¤ú‡K© aviYv, msL¨v cov I †jLv;
2. msL¨v c×wZi †QvU I eo aviYv;
3. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM;
4. mgm¨vg~jK mgm¨vi mgvavb
wel‡q g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i Ae¯’vb wba©viY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨ `yBwU cÖkœcÎ Av‡Q-
cÖ_g cÖkœc‡Î msL¨v MYbv, cov, †jLv, †hvM-we‡qvM Ges mgm¨vg~jK mgm¨vi mgm¨v¸‡jv msL¨vi cwiwa (1-100) ch©šÍ| wØZxq cÖkœc‡Îi GKBfv‡e web¨¯Í Av‡Q Z‡e Gi msL¨vi cwiwa (1-50) ch©šÍ|
g~j¨vqb c×wZ
• Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i ga¨ †_‡K ˆ`ePqb (Random Sampling)-Gi gva¨‡g 5/6 Rb wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœcÎ-1-Gi mvnv‡h¨ g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| g~j¨vqb djvdj †emjvBb Z_¨ msMÖn QK/di‡g‡U wjwce× Ki‡eb| GB cÖkœc‡Îi AwaKvsk mgm¨v †h wkÿv_©xiv mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv, Zv‡`i cÖkœcÎ-2 w`‡q g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges djvdj Z_¨ msMÖn Q‡Ki wbw`©ó djvdj¸‡jv‡Z c~iY Ki‡eb|
• wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i GKB cÖwµqvq g~j¨vqb K‡i Z_¨ Q‡K djvdj wjwce× Ki‡eb, Z‡e wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i ïay cÖkœcÎ-2 w`‡q g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi mgq jÿ ivL‡eb †h, Zv‡`i ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv ¯úó n‡q‡Q wK bv? †hgb-wKQz wKQz wkÿv_©x 10-Gi †P‡q eo msL¨v co‡Z ev wjL‡Z cv‡i bv, wKš‘ nv‡Z bv †i‡L †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi KviY n‡”Q Zv‡`i ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv ¯úó bq| †hgb-78-G KqwU `k Av‡Q Zviv Zv ej‡Z cv‡i bv, wKš‘
33
+ 46
79
MwYZ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv
143
GB †hv‡Mi mgm¨vwU mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GB †hv‡Mi mgm¨vwU mgvavb Ki‡Z cvivi KviY `ywU n‡Z cv‡i-
1. †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Zviv `y‡Uv KjvgB GKK wn‡m‡e †hvM K‡i, GKK Ges `kK wn‡m‡e bq|
2. A‡bK wkÿv_©x‡K A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê hy³ _vK‡Z nq e‡j Zviv gy‡L gy‡L `yB A‡¼i msL¨vi
†hvM I we‡qv‡M cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡i|
• G Kvi‡Y hw` †`Lv hvq †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©xi msL¨v cov I †jLvq mgm¨v n‡”Q, wKš‘ †hvM ev we‡qvM Ki‡Z mgm¨v n‡”Q bv, ZLb Ic‡ii †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y GwU n‡”Q Zv wba©viY Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb Ges †m Abyhvqx Z_¨ di‡g‡U wUK wPý †`‡eb| KviY MwY‡Zi g~j mgm¨v n‡”Q wkÿv_©x‡`i ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv ¯úó bv nIqv|
†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K Uyj&m ˆZwi K‡i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyj&m n‡e cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi Av‡jv‡K|
144
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
11
cÖkœcÎ-1
wØZxq †kÖwY-MwYZ
1. co I K_vq wjL
27 42 34 18 39
2. A‡¼ wjL
cuqwÎk, mvZ, mvZvk, EbPwjøk, GKwÎk
3. †KvbwU eo †KvbwU †QvU
K) 19, 24
L) 44, 39
4. eo †_‡K †QvU AvKv‡i mvRvI
11, 19, 13, 9, 29
5. †hvM Ki 32 23 15 24
+16 +22 +11 +11
6. we‡qvM Ki 35 37 27 38
-24 -27 -13 -14
7. †Zvgvi Kv‡Q 4wU Kjg Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡K Av‡iv 12wU †`Iqv n‡jv| †gvU KZwU Kjg n‡jv?
8. †Zvgvi Kv‡Q 25 UvKv Av‡Q| evRv‡i wM‡q Zzwg 11 UvKvi dj wKb‡j, †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Avi KZ UvKv iBj?
145
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
11
cÖkœcÎ-2
Z…Zxq †kÖwY-MwYZ
1. co I K_vq wjL
71 87 34 18 49
2. A‡¼ wjL
†PŠwÎk, evi, mvZvwk, wZivbeŸB, EbAvwk
3. †KvbwU eo †KvbwU †QvU
K) 63, 57
L) 79, 47
4. †QvU †_‡K eo AvKv‡i mvRvI 73, 55, 47, 89, 40, 63, 91, 67, 76, 71
5. †hvM Ki 52 23 67 34
+46 +42 +15 +89
6. we‡qvM Ki 75 37 43 72
-23 -27 -19 -28
7. †Zvgvi Kv‡Q 12wU †cqviv Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡K Av‡iv 23wU †`Iqv n‡jv, †gvU KZwU †cqviv n‡jv?
8. †Zvgvi Kv‡Q 45 UvKv Av‡Q| evRv‡i wM‡q Zzwg 27 UvKvi gvQ wKb‡j †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Avi KZ UvKv iBj?
146
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
12
146
†emj
vBb
g~j¨vq
b Z
_¨ m
siÿ
Y QK
we`¨
vj‡q
i bv
g :
†kÖwY
:
wkÿ
‡Ki
bvg
:
mgm¨
vg~jK
mg
m¨v
we‡q
vM nv‡Z
†i‡
L
1- 100
1- 50
nv‡Z
bv
†i‡L 1- 10
01- 50
†hvM nv
‡Z †
i‡L
1- 100
1- 50
nv‡Z
bv
†i‡L 1- 10
01- 50
msL¨
v c×
wZ
†QvU
†_
‡K e
o µ
gvbym
v‡i
mvR
v‡bv 1- 100
1- 50
eo †
_‡K
†Qv
U µ
gvbym
v‡i
mvR
v‡bv 1- 100
1- 50
eo-
†QvU 1- 100
1- 50
msL¨
v
evbv
b K
‡i 1- 100
1- 50
†jL
v 1- 100
1- 50
cov 1- 10
01-
50
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g
w`b
1
147
w`b
12Awa‡ekb 3
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK-2we`¨vj‡qi bvg:
†kÖwY :
welq 1Ñ50 1Ñ100
msL¨v cov †ivj- 13
†jLv
msL¨v c×wZ †QvU-eo
†QvU †_‡K eo µgvbymv‡i mvRvb
eo †_‡K †QvU µgvbymv‡i mvRvb
†hvM nv‡Z †i‡L
nv‡Z bv †i‡L
we‡qvM nv‡Z †i‡L
nv‡Z bv †i‡L
mgm¨ vg ~jK mgm¨v
148
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
12
148
MwY‡Zi †kÖwY cwiPvjbvmgq e¨e¯’vcbv
1g, 2q I 3q †kÖwY
KvR wkÿ‡Ki mgq wkÿv_©xi mgq
†gŠwLK I †ev‡W©i KvR Ges Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
-Av‡eM m„wó
-PvU© †_‡K msL¨v MYbv
10 wgwbU 10 wgwbU
-c~e©Ávb hvPvB (†ev‡W©i KvR)
• ev¯Íe ch©vq
• Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq
• e¯‘wbi‡cÿ ch©vq
- cvV †NvlYv
- ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv †`qv
†QvU `‡ji KvR - wm‡jevmwfwËK/wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb ¯ÍiwfwËK `jxq KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR)
- wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©wkZ KvR- GKKfv‡e, wgkÖ`‡j (wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov KvR)
3 `j 7 wg. K‡i 21 wg.
(†QvU `‡j wkÿ‡Ki wbKU G‡m ch©vqµ‡g 3wU `j KvR Ki‡e Ges cÖwZ`j 7 wgwbU K‡i Ki‡e|)
cÖwZ `j 7 wg.
GKK KvR 14 wg. (21-7)= 14 wg. (hviv †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e Zviv wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ 7 wgwbU Ges GKKfv‡e LvZvq Abykxj‡bi KvR Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K hviv H w`b wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e bv, Zviv 21 wgwbU a‡iB wb‡`©wkZ KvR, Abykxjb Kv‡W©i KvR Ki‡e Ges KvR †k‡l B‡”Qg‡Zv eB co‡e|
MwY‡Zi †kÖwY cwiPvjbv
149
g~j¨vqb I MwY‡Zi wewfbœ †Ljv Ges B‡”Qg‡Zv eB cov 9 wg. 9 wg.
MwY‡Zi 40 wgwbU mgq e¨e¯’vcbvi e¨vL¨v wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
• MwY‡Zi cÖ_g 10 wgwbU mg‡q wkÿK Av‡eM m„wói ci PvU© †_‡K msL¨v MYbv Kiv‡eb, ¯ÍiwfwËK c~e©Ávb hvPvB Ki‡eb (wkÿK GLv‡b †Kv‡bv bZzb aviYv †`‡eb bv)| Gici ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zv †ev‡W© wj‡L †`‡eb| GB Kv‡R wkÿK 10 wgwbU mgq e¨q Ki‡eb|
• †ev‡W©i KvR I wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xiv wgkÖ `j/eÜy `j/eo `j-G e‡m cvVMZ Ae¯’vbwfwËK MwY‡Zi GKK KvR Ki‡e|
• `jxq Kv‡Ri mgq †QvU `j-G e‡m wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vbwfwËK GKB †j‡f‡ji wkÿv_©xiv bZzb wel‡q aviYv †b‡e| GB mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ ‡ji wkÿv_©xiv wb‡`©wkZ KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡e| 7 wgwbU ci wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ GKwU `‡ji KvR †kl n‡j Zviv wd‡i G‡m wb‡`©wkZ KvR Ki‡e Ges Av‡iKwU `j wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ †QvU`‡j KvR Ki‡e|
• Gfv‡e cÖwZw`b 3wU `j wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ wbweofv‡e MwY‡Zi aviYv cv‡e| c‡ii w`b Ab¨ 3wU `j MwY‡Zi aviYv cv‡e|
• wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi ¯Íi Abyhvqx MwY‡Zi wewfbœ ai‡bi Abykxjb KvW© ˆZwi K‡i ivL‡eb| cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©xiv wkL‡bi †h ¯Í‡iB _vKzK bv †Kb, wb‡`©wkZ wm‡jev‡mi KvR †k‡l Zviv Zv‡`i wkL‡bi ¯Íi Abyhvqx ˆZwiK…Z Abykxjb Kv‡W©i KvR Ki‡e, MwY‡Zi wewfbœ †Ljv †Lj‡e|
• g~j¨vqb ch©v‡q wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i wb‡`©wkZ Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| wkÿv_©xiv MwY‡Zi KvR †k‡l B‡”Qg‡Zv eB co‡e|
• †QvU `‡ji KvR Kivi mgqI wkÿK g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb, ZvQvov cvwÿK g~j¨vqb Pj‡e|
150
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
12
MwY‡Zi †kÖwY cwiPvjbv
1g, 2q, 3q, 4_© I 5g †kÖwY
mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• MwY‡Zi cÖ_g 7 wgwbU mg‡q wkÿK ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi ci PvU© †_‡K msL¨v MYbv Kiv‡eb (1-200/300) mßv‡n 2 w`b, 1 w`b †hv‡Mi bvgZv, 1 w`b we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv, 1 w`b ¸‡Yi bvgZv, 1 w`b gy‡L gy‡L †hvM/we‡qvM Kiv‡eb|
wgkª `‡j/eÜy `‡j/†QvU `‡j ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• ¯ÍiwfwËK †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©x eÜy `‡j e‡m †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡e| G †ÿ‡Î wkÿK wKQz wkÿv_©x‡K †QvU `‡j G‡b KvR Kiv‡eb|
†QvU `‡j KvR
• wkÿK cÖwZw`b ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii 3wU `j wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb;
• cÖwZ `‡j GKB ¯Í‡ii 6-9 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡e;
• cÖwZ `j wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q 7 wgwbU K‡i mgq cv‡e|
cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU wkï Kgc‡ÿ 3/4wU KvR Ki‡e-
• msL¨v MYbv/†hv‡Mi bvgZv/we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv/¸‡Yi bvgZv/gy‡L gy‡L †hvM ev we‡qv‡Mi KvR;
• ¯ÍiwfwËK wgkÖ`‡j e‡m GKvKx/`jMZ KvR;
• †QvU `‡j KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq wZb `‡ji wkÿv_©x);
• MwY‡Zi †Ljv;
• eyK Kb©vi n‡Z eB wb‡q B‡”Qg‡Zv cov|
w`b
1
151
w`b
12Awa‡ekb 3
msL¨v wkLb I msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU aviYv
152
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
12
152
msL¨v wkLb I msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU aviYv
w`b
1
153
w`b
13Awa‡ekb 1
msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR• Òe¯‘ ev DcKi‡Yi `jMZ aviYvi cÖZxKx cÖKvk n‡”Q msL¨vÓ| †h‡nZz ÔmsL¨v cÖZxKÕ e¯‘i `jMZ
aviYvi weg~Z© cÖKvk, G Kvi‡Y wkÿv_©x‡`i ev¯Íe, Aa©ev¯Íe I e¯‘wbi‡cÿ ch©v‡q G aviYv¸‡jvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv‡Z n‡e| d‡j wkÿv_©xiv e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv I msL¨v cÖZx‡Ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©wU eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
†hgb-
e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv cÖZxKx cÖKvk
• cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkÿv_©x‡`i 1Ñ10,000 ch©šÍ e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv I H `jMZ aviYv¸‡jv †h cªZxK¸‡jv w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q Zv †kLv‡Z n‡e| A_©vr msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi g~j n‡”Q-
1. e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv †evSv
2. e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv‡K cÖZxK w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv
3. b‡qi †P‡q †ewk e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv Kxfv‡e 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 GB `kwU cÖZxK w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq Zvi aviYv †`Iqv| A_©vr ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv ¯úó Kiv|
msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv
• msL¨v n‡”Q e¯‘i cwigvcb welqK `jMZ aviYvi cÖZxKx cÖKvk| msL¨v cÖZxK †hgb-9 GKwU weg~Z© aviYv, G Kvi‡Y wkÿv_©x‡`i msL¨vi aviYv
1. ev¯Íe
2. Aa©ev¯Íe
3. e¯‘wbi‡cÿ (cÖZxK) ch©v‡q w`‡Z n‡e, †hb wkÿv_©xiv e¯‘i `jMZ aviYvi mv‡_ msL¨v cÖZx‡Ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©Uv eyS‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb-
`jMZ aviYv cÖZxK (ev¯Íe ev Aa©ev¯Íe) (e¯‘wbi‡cÿ)A_©vr wkÿv_©x‡`i msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv (Teching learning) Kv‡Ri g~j n‡jv
1. e¯‘i cwigvY wel‡qi `jMZ aviYv †evSv‡bv (ev¯Íe I Aa©ev¯Íe ch©v‡q)
3
3
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
154
2. e¯‘i `jMZ aviYvi mv‡_ msL¨v cÖZx‡Ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© †evSv‡bv
3. 9 Gi †P‡q eo msL¨v¸‡jv‡K 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 GB `kwU cÖZxK w`‡q cÖKvk Kivi wbqg †kLv‡bv A_©vr ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv ¯úó Kiv|
cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ msL¨v †kLv‡bvi e¨vwß 1Ñ10,000 ch©šÍ wKš‘ †kÖwY Abyhvqx GB e¨vwßwU GiKg-
†kÖwY †kÖwY Abyhvqx msL¨vi e¨vwß
cÖ_g †kªwY 1. msL¨v 1-9 ch©šÍ
2. ï‡b¨i (0) aviYv
3. msL¨v 10-19 ch©šÍ
4. msL¨v 20-50 ch©šÍ
wØZxq †kÖwY 5. msL¨v 51-100 ch©šÍ
Z…Zxq †kÖwY 6. msL¨v 101-1000
7. msL¨v 1001-10,000 ch©šÍ
• Dc‡ii ZvwjKv †_‡K GUv ¯úó †h hw`I cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨vi aviYv w`‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ GB aviYv K‡qKwU av‡c w`‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
cÖ_g †kÖwYi Rb¨
1. cÖ_‡g 1Ñ9 ch©šÍ
2. 10Ñ19 ch©šÍ
3. 20Ñ50 ch©šÍ
wØZxq †kÖwYi Rb¨
4. 1Ñ100 ch©šÍ
Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rb¨
5. 1Ñ10,000 ch©šÍ
• GB Awa‡ek‡b me¸‡jv aviYv AwZ Aí mg‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e GB aviYv¸‡jv wkÿv_©x‡`i aviYÿgZv Abyhvqx w`‡Z n‡e|
155155
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
13
msL¨v c×wZ welqK aviYv¸‡jvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg• msL¨v c×wZ welqK aviYv n‡”Q msL¨vi K‡qKwU ˆewkó¨ †hgb-
� `yBwUi msL¨vi Zyjbvq eo-†QvU wbY©q Kiv;
� msL¨vi Abyµ‡g mvRv‡bv eo †_‡K †QvU Ges †QvU †_‡K eo;
� †RvoÑwe‡Rvo wbY©q Kiv;
� µgevPK msL¨vi aviYv †evSv|
• msL¨v cÖZxK GKwU weg~Z© aviYv, G Kvi‡Y msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi g‡ZvB, ÔmsL¨v c×wZÕ ev msL¨vi Dc‡ivwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I
� ev¯Íe
� Aa©ev¯Íe
� e¯‘wbi‡cÿ ch©v‡q Ki‡Z n‡e|
• cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z msL¨vi e¨vwß AbyhvqxB msL¨vi GB ewk󨸇jvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb-
cÖ_g †kÖwY
msL¨v 1Ñ9
msL¨v 10Ñ19
msL¨v 20Ñ50
wØZxq †kÖwY
msL¨v 1Ñ100
Z…Zxq †kÖwY
msL¨v 1Ñ10,000
156
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
15
ˆÎgv
wmK
cwi
Kíb
vnj
y` `j
welq
: M
wYZ
Z…Z
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
†hvM
¨Zv
wØZ
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
0, †
_‡K
9
ch©š
Í ms
L¨v
cÖZ
xK
†Pbv
I
e¨
envi
K
iv,
k~‡b¨
i av
iYv,
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
v co
v
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
v †j
Lv
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
v co
v
†hvM
¨Zv
4.1
1 †_
‡K 9
ch©š
Í m
sL¨v
cÖZ
xK¸
‡jv
wPb‡
Z
cvi‡
e G
es
cÖ‡Z
¨KwU
‡K
bvgA
byhvq
x kb
v³
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
4.2
k~‡b¨
i av
iYv
jvf
Ki‡
e|
5.1
1 †_
‡K
50
ch©š
Í ms
L¨v
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
5.1
1 †_
‡K
50
ch©š
Í ms
L¨v
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
5.1
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ ms
L¨v c
o‡Z
cvi
‡e|
cÖ_g
gvm
welq
e¯‘
msL¨
v MY
bv
(1
†_‡K
50)
, k~~‡
b¨i
aviY
v,
msL¨
v MY
bv
(1
†_‡K
50)
, k~~‡
b¨i
aviY
v,
10
†_‡K
50
ch
©šÍ m
sL¨v
MYbv
(`
k‡K
i mv
nv‡h
¨)
†hvM
¨Zv
3.1
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ
DcK
iY ¸
‡”Qi
avi
Yv‡K
ms
L¨v Ø
viv c
ÖKvk
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
3.2
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨vv
MY
bv K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
10 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨v
`‡ki
mv
nv‡h
¨ MY
bv
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
AR©‡b
vc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
3.1
1 †_
‡K
50
ch©š
Í Dc
KiY
¸‡
”Qi
aviY
v‡K
msL¨
v Øv
iv
cÖK
vk
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
|
3.2
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨vv
MYb
v K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
3.3
10 †
_‡K
50
ch©š
Í msL
¨v `‡
ki
mvnv
‡h¨ M
Ybv K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
4.1
1 †_
‡K 9
ch©š
Í msL
¨vcÖZ
xK¸‡
jv
wPb‡
Z
cvi‡
e G
es
cÖ‡Z
¨KwU
‡K
bvgA
byhvq
x kbv
³ K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e|
4.2
k~‡b¨
i av
iYv j
vf K
i‡e|
5.1
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨v
co‡Z
cv
i‡e|
ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv
157
Z…Z
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
¯’v
bxq
gv‡
bi
aviY
v (G
KK
, `k
K, k
ZK
)
100
ch©YÍ
msL¨
vq
e¨en
«Z
A‡¼
i ¯’v
bxq
gvb
wbY©q
K
iv|
†hvM
¨Zv
6.1
msL¨
vi ¯
’vbxq
gv
b (G
KK
, `k
K
I
kZK
) m¤
ú‡K
© av
iYv
jvf
K‡i
ej
‡Z
cvi
‡e|
(wØZ
xq †
kÖwY)
6.2
100
ch©šÍ
msL¨
vq
e¨en
«Z
A‡¼
i ¯’v
bxqg
vb
wbY©q
K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e|
(wØ
Zxq
†k
ÖwY)
wØZ
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
2 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©YÍ ms
L¨v
†jLv
†hvM
¨Zv
5.1
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
v wjL
‡Z c
vi‡e
cÖ_g
gvm
welq
e¯‘
1 †_
‡K 1
9 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
v¸‡j
vi
†QvU
-eo
, K
g-‡e
wk
Zzjb
v Kiv
|
1 †_
‡K 1
9 ch
©šÍ
msL¨
vi
µwg
K
aviY
v G
es
†QvU
†_
‡K
eo
I
eo
†_‡K
†Q
vU
msL¨
v¸‡j
v gv
‡bi
µgv
bymv‡i
mvR
v‡bv
†hvM
¨Zv
7.1
1 †_
‡K
19
ch©š
Í ms
L¨v¸
‡jvi
g‡
a¨
†h‡K
v‡bv
`yBwU
ms
L¨v
Zzjb
v K‡i
†QvU
eo e
j‡Z
cv
i‡e|
(cÖ_g
†kÖw
Y)
7.2
1 †_
‡K 1
9 ch©š
Í ms
L¨vi
µ
wgK
av
iYv
jvf
Ki‡
e G
es
†QvU
†_
‡K e
o I
eo
†_‡K
†Q
vU
msL¨
v¸‡j
v gv
‡bi
µgv
bymv‡i
mv
Rv‡Z
cv
i‡e|
AR©‡b
vc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
5.1
1 †_
‡K 5
0 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨v
wjL‡
Z
cvi‡
e
6.1
msL¨
vi ¯
’vbxq
gvb
(G
KK
, `k
K
I k
ZK
) m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv j
vf K
‡i
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
(wØZ
xq †
kÖwY)
6.2
100
ch©š
Í ms
L¨vq
e¨
en«Z
A
‡¼i
¯’vbx
q gv
b wb
Y©q K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e
|(wØ
Zxq
†kÖw
Y)
7.1
1 †_
‡K 1
9 ch
©šÍ m
sLv¸
‡jvi
g‡
a¨ †h
‡Kv‡b
v `yBw
U ms
L¨v Z
zjbv K
‡i
†QvU
eo e
j‡Z
cvi
‡e|
(cÖ_g
†kÖw
Y)
7.2
1 †_
‡K 1
9 ch
©šÍ m
sL¨vi
µwg
K
aviY
v jvf
Ki‡
e G
es †
QvU
†_‡K
eo
I e
o †_
‡K †
QvU
msL¨
v¸‡j
v gv
‡bi
µgv
bymv‡i
mvR
v‡Z c
vi‡e
|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
158
Z…Z
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
20
†_‡K
10
0 ch
©šÍ ms
L¨v¸
‡jvi
g‡
a¨
†h‡K
v‡bv
`yBwU
msL
¨v Z
zjbv
Kiv
20
†_‡K
10
0 ch©š
Í ms
L¨vi
µ
wgK
av
iYv
Ges
†Q
vU
†_‡K
eo
n I
eo
†_‡K
†Q
vU
msL¨
v¸‡j
v gv
‡bi
µgv
bymv‡i
mv
Rv‡Z
cvi
‡e|
†hvM
¨Zv
7.1
20 †
_‡K
100
ch
©šÍ ms
L¨v¸
‡jvi
g‡
a¨
†h‡K
v‡bv
`yBwU
ms
L¨v
Zzjb
v K
‡i †Q
vU e
o ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e|
7.2
20
†_‡K
10
0 ch
©šÍ K
wZcq
msL¨
vi
µwg
K
aviY
v jv
f K
i‡e
Ges
†Qv
U †_
‡K e
o I
eo
†_‡K
†Qv
U ms
L¨v¸
‡jv
gv‡b
i µ
gvbym
v‡i m
vRv‡Z
cv
i‡e|
wØZ
xq g
vm
welq
e¯‘
†hvM
¨Zv
cÖ_g
gvm
welq
e¯‘
†hvM
¨Zv
AR©‡b
vc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
7.1
20 †_‡
K 1
00 c
h©šÍ m
sL¨v¸
‡jvi
g‡
a¨ †h
‡Kv‡b
v `yBw
U ms
L¨v Z
zjbv K
‡i
†QvU
eo
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e|
7.2
20 †
_‡K
100
ch©š
Í KwZ
cq
msL¨
vi µ
wgK
avi
Yv j
vf K
i‡e
Ges
†Q
vU †
_‡K
eo
I e
o †_
‡K †
QvU
msL¨
v¸‡j
v gv‡b
i µ
gvbym
v‡i m
vRv‡Z
cv
i‡e|
159159
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
15
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi QK (MwYZ)
welq : MwYZ
we`¨vj‡qi bvg : †kÖwY : wØZxq
mgqKvj : ................ †_‡K ..................ch©šÍ
wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb
Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e †kLv‡bv n‡e/Dc¯’vcb
DcKiY wkÿv_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb
160
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
15cvwÿK cwiKíbvi bgybv (MwYZ)-wØZxq †kÖwY
welq : MwYZ
we`¨vj‡qi bvg : †kÖwY : wØZxq
mgqKvj : ................ †_‡K .................ch©šÍ
wkÿv_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb
Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e †kLv‡bv n‡e/Dc¯’vcb
DcKiY wkÿv_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb
`j-1 : 50 ch©šÍ msL¨vi aviYv Av‡Q (Giv 2q †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q)Rvnvbviv, Avd‡ivRv, ivwKe
51-60 ch©šÍ msL¨v wP‡b ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 51-60 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z †`‡eb
†ev‡W© 51-60 ch©šÍ msL¨v Abykxjb Kiv‡eb
wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq †QvU `‡j 51-60 ch©šÍ msL¨vi
1| ev¯Íe ch©v‡q aviYv †`‡eb
2| Aa©ev¯Íe chv©‡q aviYv †`‡eb
3| msL¨vi cÖZxK wPb‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
• wewfbœ †Ljvi gva¨‡g msL¨v I msL¨v cÖZxK wPb‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
• LvZvq Abykxjb Kiv‡eb
• cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb|
MwYZ cvV¨eB, KvwV, AuvwU, wewP, msL¨v cÖZxK Abykxjb KvW©
cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 51-60 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kiv wkL‡e
†QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e GKKfv‡e, †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
• MwY‡Zi †Ljv †Lj‡e
• evowZ mg‡q MwYZ mnvqK eB co‡e
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvi KvR †`L‡eb
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi QK (MwYZ)
161
`j-2, 1-9- Gi g‡a¨ †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i (Giv 1g †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q) gwb, cwj, KvšÍv, wd‡ivR
1-9- Gi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv `ywU msL¨vi we‡qvMdj wbY©q Kivi aviYv wkL‡e
• cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z †`‡eb
MwYZ cvV¨eB, KvwV, AuvwU,wewP, Abykxjb KvW©
cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kiv wkL‡e
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvq †`‡eb, KvR †`L‡eb
• †ev‡W© †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv wkL‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
• wkÿK †QvU `‡j 1-9 ch©šÍ msL vi g‡a¨ -
√ ev¯Íe ch©v‡q we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
√ Aa©ev¯Íe ch©v‡q we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
√ cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
• wewfbœ †Ljvi gva¨‡g we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
• LvZvq Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`‡eb
• cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb|
• †ev‡W© †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Abykxjb Ki‡e
• †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e
• GKKfv‡e, †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
• MwY‡Zi †hv‡Mi †Ljv †Lj‡e
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
162
`j-3
1-9 ch©šÍ msL¨v co‡Z I wjL‡Z cv‡i (Giv 1g †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q)
†ejv, MwY,
iRbx
1-9 ch©šÍ msL¨vi g‡a¨ †hv‡Mi aviYv wkL‡e
cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z †`‡eb
†ev‡W© ev gy‡L gy‡L †hv‡Mi bvgZv Kiv‡eb
wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq †QvU `‡j 1-9 ch©šÍ msL¨vi g‡a¨ :
MwYZ cvV¨eB, KvwV, AuvwU,
wewP, Abykxjb KvW©
cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kiv wkL‡e |
†ev‡W© ev gy‡L gy‡L †hv‡Mi bvgZv wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Abykxjb Ki‡e|
2| Aa©ev¯Íe ch©v‡q †hv‡Mi aviYv †c‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
3| cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †hv‡Mi aviYv †c‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
4| wewfbœ †Ljv LvZvq †hv‡Mi Abykxjb Ki‡eb
5| cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Ki‡eb
†QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e
GKKfv‡e, †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
MwY‡Zi msL¨v I †hv‡Mi †Ljv †Lj‡e|
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvi KvR †`L‡eb
163163
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
15cvwÿK cwiKíbvi bgybv MwYZ-Z…Zxq †kÖwY
welq : MwYZ
we`¨vj‡qi bvg : †kÖwY : Z…Zxq
mgqKvj : ---- †_‡K -------- ch©šÍ
wkÿv_©xi
cvVMZ Ae¯’vb
Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e wkL‡e/ Dc¯’vcb
DcKiY wkÿv_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb
`j-1 :
10,000 ch©šÍ msL¨vi aviYv Av‡Q
(Giv 3q †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q)
ev`j,
gwj,
iwdK
wZb A‡¼i †h‡Kv‡bv
msL¨vi ¯’vbxq gvb wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (100-999 Gi g‡a¨)
¾ †ev‡W© wZb A‡¼i †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨vi ¯’vbxq gv‡bi Abykxjb Ki‡e | †hgb- 234, 145, 222
¾ wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq †QvU `‡j wZb A‡¼i †h †Kv‡bv msL¨vi ’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv †`‡eb
¾ wewfbœ †Ljvi gva¨‡g msL¨v I cÖZxK wPb‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡eb
¾ LvZvq Abykxjb Ki‡Z † ‡eb
¾ cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Kiv‡eb
MwYZ cvV¨eB,
KvwV, AuvwU, wewP, msL¨v
cÖZxK Abykxjb
KvW©
¾ cªwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wZb A‡¼i †h †Kv‡bv msL¨vi ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv wkL‡e
¾ †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e
¾ GKKfv‡e, †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
¾ MwY‡Zi †Ljv †Lj‡e
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvi KvR †`L‡eb
`j-2 :
100 ch©šÍ †h †Kv‡bv msL¨v wPb‡Z, co‡Z I K_vq wjL‡Z cv‡i (Giv 2q †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q)
`yB A‡¼i †h‡Kvb msL¨v ch©šÍ ¯’vbxqgv‡bi aviYv wkL‡e (10-99-Gi g‡a¨)
¾ †ev‡W© `yB A‡¼i †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨vi ¯’vbxqgvb Abykxjb Kiv‡eb
¾ wkÿK †QvU `‡j `yB A‡¼i †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨vi ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv jvf Ki‡eb
MwYZ cvV¨eB, KvwV,
AuvwU, wewP, Abykxjb
KvW©
¾ †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e
¾ GKKfv‡e †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvi KvR †`L‡eb
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
164
¾ wewfbœ †Ljvi gva¨‡g aviYv jvf Ki‡Z mnvqZv w`b
¾ LvZvq Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b
¾ cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Ki‡Z w`b
¾ MwY‡Zi †Ljv †Lj‡e
`j-3
( 1-9 )-Gi g‡a¨ we‡qv‡Mi aviYv cv‡i (Giv 1g †kÖwYi cv‡Vi mv‡_ Av‡Q)
1-9 ch©šÍ msL¨vi g‡a¨ K g - † e w k , † Q v U - e o wPb‡Z cvi‡eb
¾ cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kiv
¾ †ev‡W© Kg-†ewk, †QvU-eo aviYv wkL‡e
¾ wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq †QvU `‡j 1-9 ch©šÍ msL¨vi g‡a¨
¾ ev¯Íe ch©v‡q we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
¾ Aa©ev¯Íe ch©v‡q we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
¾ cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`‡eb
¾ wewfbœ †Ljvi gva¨‡g aviYv †`‡eb
¾ LvZvq Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`‡eb
¾ cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb
MwYZ cvV¨eB, KvwV, AuvwU, wewP, Abykxjb KvW©
¾ cÖwZw`b wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ gy‡L gy‡L 1-50 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kiv wkL‡e
¾ †ev‡W© Kg-†ewk, †QvU-eo aviYv wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Abykxjb Ki‡e
¾ †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e
¾ GKKfv‡e †Rvovq ev `‡j e‡m cvV¨eB, Abykxjb KvW© †_‡K LvZvq KvR Ki‡e
¾ MwY‡Zi Kg-†ewk, †QvU-eo -Gi †Ljv †Lj‡e
cÖwZw`b †QvU `‡ji KvR, LvZvi KvR †`L‡eb
w`b
1
165
w`b
16Awa‡ekb 2
cvwÿK g~j¨vqb Kivi cÖwµqv (MwYZ)• wkÿv_©xi Kv‡Ri gvb wbY©q I AMÖMwZ hvPvB K‡i cieZ©x c`‡ÿc †bIqvi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb cÖ‡qvRb|
cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K A_©vr 15 w`‡b wkÿv_©xiv †K KZUzKz wkL‡Q, Kxfv‡e wkL‡Q, KZUzKz AMÖmi n‡”Q Zv g~j¨vqb K‡i cieZ©x cvwÿK cwiKíbv Kiv Avek¨K| Gfv‡e cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbv hvq Ges G †iKW© e¨envi K‡i cieZ©x cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv mnR I h_vh_ nq|
• cvwÿK g~j¨vqb n‡jv 15 w`‡b (cvwÿK cwiKíbv) wkÿv_©xi wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kivi cÖwµqv|
cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡
� g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi MÖnY ÿgZv, AvMÖn I Pvwn`v Rvbv hvq;
� wkÿv_©xi Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i †Kvb wkï cieZ©x‡Z Kx wkL‡e (welqe¯‘) Zv wbe©vPb Kiv hvq;
� cvwÿK cwiKíbvi cÖZ¨vwkZ wkLb dj KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zv Rvbv hvq;
� wkÿ‡Ki AvZ¥g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
†h welq¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb
� cvwÿK cwiKíbvq †h wkÿv_©x hv hv wkL‡e wba©viY Kiv Av‡Q †mB welq¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
� cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici wfwË K‡i cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi bgybv wb¤œiƒc
166
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
16cv
wÿK
g~j¨
vqb
(bgyb
v)we
lq :
MwY
Z,
†kÖwY
: 2
q
Zvwi
L :
....
....
...c
h©šÍ
Abykx
jbx
KvW
© ˆZ
wi
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
eb
wb‡`
©kbv
co‡Z
cv
i‡eb
1-9
msL¨
vi g
‡a¨ w
e‡qv
M Dc‡i
-wb
‡Pcv
kvcv
wk`v
M †U
‡bQw
e MY
bv
K‡i
1-9
msL¨
vi g
‡a¨ †
hvM
Dc‡i
-wb
‡Pcv
kvcv
wk`v
M †U
‡bQw
e MY
bv
K‡i
`‡ji
bvg
wkÿ
v_©xi
bv
g
w`b
1
167
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
16
cvwÿ
K g
~j¨vq
b (b
gybv)
welq
: M
wYZ
, †k
ÖwY :
wØZ
xq
Zvwi
L :
....
....
..ch
©šÍ
`yB-
`yB,
cuvP-
cuvP,
`k-
`k K
‡i M
Ybv
Dc‡i
-wb
‡Pcv
kvcv
wk`v
M †U
‡bQw
e MY
bv K
‡i
51-
100
ch©šÍ
`k‡K
i mv
nv‡h
¨ MYb
v
Dc‡i
-wb
‡Pcv
kvcv
wk`v
M †U
‡bQw
e MY
bv K
‡i
`‡ji
bvg
wkÿ
v_©xi
bvg
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
168
• wkÿK‡`i mywbw`©ó wKQz KvR Ki‡Z n‡e, hv Zviv hvi hvi †kÖwYK‡ÿ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡eb| G¸‡jv n‡jv-
1. hvi hvi †kÖwYK‡ÿ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Kiv;
2. †emjvBb g~j¨vqbi djvdj we‡kølY Kiv;
3. evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q wkï‡`i wkL‡bi eZ©gvb ¯Íi wba©viY Kiv;
4. ¯ÍiwfwËK cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv Ges †m Abyhvqx cvV`vb Kiv;
5. †kÖwYK‡ÿi Avmb web¨vm I emvi e¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e cybwe©b¨vm Kiv, hv‡Z wkïiv wgkÖ `‡j emv I ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqv Kivi my‡hvM cvq Ges †kÖwYK‡ÿ wewfbœ A¨vw±wfwU Kb©vi, †hgb-fvlv Kb©vi, MwYZ Kb©vi Ges m¤¢e n‡j †Ljvi Kb©vi ˆZwi Kiv;
6. wkLb e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i Rb¨ eo `‡j, †QvU `‡j I GKKfv‡e KvR Kivi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv;
mgq e¨e¯’vcbvi ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡Z¨KwU wgwb‡Ui Kvh©Ki I mwµq e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv|
w`b
1
169
w`b
16Awa‡ekb 4
†kÖwY cwiPvjbv (evsjv)mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• mßv‡n wZb w`b Mí/KweZv/SRM I Ab¨vb¨ eB‡qi ZvwjKv †_‡K Mí/KweZv Ave„wË Kiv I wZb w`b eY©, KviwPý/hy³e‡Y©i KvR Kiv|
• cÖwZw`b wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi cvV¨eB‡qi wm‡jevm Abyhvqx cov|
• cÖwZw`b wk¶v_©x‡`i Íi Abyhvqx †ev‡W© Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb I A¨vKwUwfwU eywS‡q †`Iqv| (G †¶‡Î c~e©eZ©x w`b¸‡jvi †QvU `‡j Kv‡Ri Abykxjbx KvR cÖ`vb GKK `j/†QvU `‡j)|
wgkÖ `‡j/eÜy `‡j/†QvU `‡j ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• m„Rbkxj †jLv I ¯ÍiwfwËK `jxq KvR †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_©x GKB mv‡_ ïiæ Ki‡e| A‡a©K wk¶v_©x Av‡M m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e Ges c‡i †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡e| Avevi evwK A‡a©K wk¶v_©x Av‡M ¯ÍiwfwËK wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx †ev‡W©i KvR Ki‡e Ges c‡i m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e|
†QvU `‡j KvR
• wk¶K cÖwZw`b ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii 2wU `j wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb|
• cÖwZ `‡j GKB ¯Í‡ii 6/7 Rb wk¶v_©x _vK‡e|
• cÖwZ `j wk¶‡Ki Kv‡Q 7.5 wgwbU K‡i mgq cv‡e|
cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU wkï Kgc‡¶ 3-6wU KvR Ki‡eÑ
• †ev‡W© eY©/kã †jLvi KvR
• ¯ÍiwfwËK wgkÖ `‡j e‡m GKK `j/`jMZ KvR
• wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq 1 wgwbU wiwWs cov (1 †_‡K 15 Rb wkÿv_©x)
• Avgvi AuvKv-Avgvi †jLv
• †QvU `‡j KvR (wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq `yB `‡ji wkÿv_©xi)
• eyK Kb©vi n‡Z eB wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e cov
†kÖwY cwiPvjbv (MwYZ)
cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwY
mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
170
• MwY‡Zi cÖ_g 7 wgwbU mg‡q wkÿK ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi ci PvU© †_‡K msL¨v MYbv Kiv‡eb (1-200/300) mßv‡n 2 w`b, 1 w`b †hv‡Mi bvgZv, 1 w`b we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv, 1 w`b ¸‡Yi bvgZv, 1 w`b gy‡L gy‡L †hvM/we‡qvM Kiv‡eb|
wgkª `‡j/eÜy `‡j/†QvU `‡j ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv
• ¯ÍiwfwËK †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©x eÜy `‡j e‡m †ev‡W©i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡e| G †ÿ‡Î wkÿK wKQz wkÿv_©x‡K †QvU `‡j G‡b KvR Kiv‡eb|
†QvU `‡j KvR
• wkÿK cÖwZw`b ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii 3wU `j wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb;
• cÖwZ `‡j GKB ¯Í‡ii 6-9 Rb wkÿv_©x _vK‡e;
• cÖwZ `j wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q 7 wgwbU K‡i mgq cv‡e|
cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU wkï Kgc‡ÿ 3/4wU KvR Ki‡e-
• msL¨v MYbv/†hv‡Mi bvgZv/we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv/¸‡Yi bvgZv/gy‡L gy‡L †hvM ev we‡qv‡Mi KvR;
• ¯ÍiwfwËK wgkÖ`‡j e‡m GKvKx/`jMZ KvR;
• †QvU `‡j KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq wZb `‡ji wkÿv_©x);
• MwY‡Zi †Ljv;
• eyK Kb©vi n‡Z eB wb‡q B‡”Qg‡Zv cov|
w`b
1
171
w`b
17Awa‡ekb 3
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP Ges wfwË
†cÖÿvcU :
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡`i bZzb bZzb a¨vb-aviYvi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kg©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZi D‡b¥l NUv‡bvi GKwU DbœZgv‡bi †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i cÖ‡Póvi cÖ_g avc| eZ©gvb wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi Ici wfwË K‡i mwµq we`¨vjq wkLb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wm-Bb-GW n‡jv cÖwkÿY wKš‘ wWwcGW n‡jv wkLb| G c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xMY ZvwË¡K Ávb AR©b K‡i GKRb cÖ`k©‡Ki Aax‡b Zv †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡eb| d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wkÿv m¤úwK©Z MZvbyMwZK a¨vb-aviYv cwinvi K‡i mwµqfv‡e wkLb KvR cwiPvjbvq Af¨¯Í n‡eb, AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi Ges MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g kZfvM †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkLb wbwðZ n‡e| GQvov GK eQi wcwUAvB‡Z wkLb †k‡l Qq gvm GKwU we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿKmn Kg©KZ©v‡`i wbweo ZË¡veav‡bi Øviv jä Ávb‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cixÿv-wbixÿvi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e| GwU GKwU wØgyLx cÖwµqv Ges e¨envwiK wkLb PP©v| G ai‡bi m„wókxj wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z AvBwmwU cª‡qvM K‡i mKj ¯Í‡i m¤ú‡`i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Kvw•ÿZ †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Dbœqb NU‡e| Aa¨vq I welqwfwËK Ávb m¤úwK©Z K‡i cÖvwZôvwbK `ÿZv e„w× Ges mKj †Kvm© K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui we¯ÍvwiZ mnvqK mvgMÖxi myôz e¨env‡ii fwel¨r cwiKíbv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ :
wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ n‡jv mwµqZvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i wkLb KvR cwiPvjbv, wkL‡b m‡e©v”P cÖhyw³i e¨envi I MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb mywbwðZ Kiv| wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ ÿZv G‡ÿ‡Î GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| wkÿ‡Ki welq Áv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wbf©yj cwiKíbv, AvšÍwiKfv‡e wkÿv`vb Ges h_vh_ g~j¨vqb, hv AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi m‡½ cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨m~wP‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z mnRZi nq| ˆeÁvwbK wkLb Ávb I Dcjwä‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z wkÿK‡K cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK KvwiKzjv‡gi KvVv‡gv, cvV¨m~wP, †hvM¨Zvmg~n Ges g~j¨vqb †KŠkj Aek¨B Rvb‡Z n‡e| wkLb Pvwn`vgvwdK Dbœq‡bi Ges wkLb Z‡Ë¡i Kvh©Ki I wØgyLx PP©vi Ávb I Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hŠw³KZv :
wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Y wkÿKMY Ávb I Dcjwäi Awfbœ A¨v‡cÖvP Dbœq‡b cy‡ivcywi mÿg nb wb, hv wWwcGW Kg©m~wP m¤úbœ Ki‡j AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z GwU GKwU hyMvšÍKvix c`‡ÿc| cÖwkÿYv_x© Zv‡`i jä Ávb I AwfÁZv cÖ‡qvM Ges Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Ávb‡K †PZbvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| AskMÖnYg~jK, m„Rbkxj I wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g †ewkifvM wkÿK wkï‡K bZzb Ávb AR©‡b cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z Aek¨B mÿg n‡eb| wkÿK †ewkifvM wkïi wbR¯^ wkLb Avek¨KZv wPwýZ Ki‡Z I Ávbg~jK Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎ wPwýZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb| GKxf~Z wkÿvi wkLb cwi‡ek cÖ¯‘Z K‡i djveZ©b w`‡Z cvi‡eb| wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Y ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK Ávb AZ¨vek¨K| wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Ávb, PP©v, g~j¨‡eva Ges m¤úK© ¯’vcb m¤^‡Ü Dbœqb AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| mv‡_ mv‡_ welqe¯‘ Abyaveb, wkLbdj, wkÿK‡hvM¨Zv, wkÿv`vb †KŠkj
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
172
Rvbv I cÖ‡qvM cÖwZwU wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡| cvkvcvwk wkïi g~j¨vqb Ges †kªwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbvq `ÿ nIqv `iKvi| Kv‡RB wWwcGW Kg©m~wP wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZv AR©‡b wm-Bb-GW cÖwkÿ‡Yi †P‡q AwaKZi djcÖm~ n‡e|
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv
mgqKvj : 18 gvm
wcwUAvB Ges †Uªwbs we`¨vjq-12 gvm (Uvg©-cÖ_g, wØZxq Ges Z…Zxq)
wbR¯^ we`¨vjq-6 gvm wkÿvbwek (Uvg©-PZz_©)
cÖ_g Uvg© - 4.5 gvm
wØZxq Uvg© - 3.5 gvm
Z…Zxq Uvg© - 4 gvm
PZz_© Uvg© - 6 gvm
†Kv‡m©i welqmg~n (wcwUAvB wfwËK 12wU †Kvm© Ges we`¨vjq wfwËK 2wU †Kvm©)
1| †cÖv‡dkb¨vj ÷vwWR
• cÖvK cÖv_wgK wkÿv Ges wkÿvµg • g~j¨vqb Ges wkÿY
• cÖv_wgK wkÿv Ges wkÿvµg • ag© Ges g~j¨‡eva
• wkïi weKvk Ges wkÿY, BbK¬zwmf wkÿv • wkÿY Ges A¨vKkb wimvP©
• wkÿY c×wZ • AvBwmwU †gŠwjK Ávb1. evsjv welqÁvb Ges evsjv wkÿYweÁvb
2. Bs‡iwR welqÁvb Ges Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb
3. MwYZ welqÁvb Ges MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb
4. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁvb
5. cÖv_wgK weÁvb welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁvb
6. G·‡cÖwmf AvU©m
• kvixwiK wkÿv
• Pviæ I KviæKjv
• msMxZ
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg
bZzb wkÿK‡`i cÖviw¤¢K †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wWwcGW cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cªv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GKwU mywPwšÍZ c`‡ÿc| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wm-Bb-GW Kg©m~wP KvV‡gv †_‡K eû †ÿ‡Î wWwcGW cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP Ges wfwË
173
Zvrch©c~Y© ¯^vZš¿¨ i‡q‡Q| wcwUAvB‡Z †hfv‡e wkÿK cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cwiPvwjZ nq, Zvi m‡½ mwµqfv‡e ev¯Íe Abykxjb mshy³ K‡i wWwcGW †Kvm© mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb wWwcGW †Kvm©wU Ggb GK iƒcK‡íi Avav‡i aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b wkïiv GKwU mvgwMÖK wkLb cwi‡e‡k m„Rbkxj I msMVbev`x wkÿY `k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K †jLvcov Ki‡e; G j‡ÿ¨ AbywPšÍbg~jK Abykxj‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i wkÿK wkÿY cwiPvwjZ n‡e| AZtci GKwU wbw`©ó D‡Ï‡k¨ D™¢~Z GK‡mU gvb (standards) I †hvM¨Zvi (competencies) wbwi‡L Ic‡i ewY©Z Kvh©µg wbqwš¿Z I g~j¨vwqZ nq| Gfv‡e wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i AvbyôvwbK wkÿv‡K we`¨vj‡qi wkL‡bi mv‡_ evievi m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Kg©m~wP-KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx wcwUAvB-G I †Uªwbs ¯‹z‡j AbywôZ n‡e e‡j wkL‡bi gv‡S GKwU †hŠ_wµqvi cÖwZdjb N‡U hv‡e, d‡j wkÿv_©x I cÖwkÿYv_©x-wkÿK‡`i g‡a¨ GKUv mv_©K cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡e|
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨vewj (Objectives)
GKRb Kvh©Ki wkÿ‡Ki AZ¨vek¨K ¸Yvewj, `ÿZv I Ávb Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i wb‡P GKwU mswÿß ZvwjKv cÖYqb Kiv n‡jv :
†ckvMZ Ávb (Professional Knowledge)1. cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi c~Y© cwiwa Kvh©Ki I Av¯’vi m‡½ wkÿv`vb I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨
welqÁv‡bi cwiKíbv;
2. cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi c~Y© cwiwa Kvh©Ki I Av¯’vi m‡½ wkÿv`vb I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿY weÁvbwelqK Áv‡bi cwiKíbv;
3. RvZxq cÖv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvKªg, wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv, welq, †hvM¨Zvmg~n Ges g~j¨vqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vKv;
4. Kvh©Ki I mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ wkïweKvk I wkÿY ZË¡mg~n m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Dcjwä _vKv;
5. wkÿKZvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ wewa-weavb I bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ _vKv|
†ckvMZ Abykxjb (Professional Practice)
1. wkÿv_©x‡`i Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K c„_K c„_K wkÿY ZË¡ I wkÿY c×wZ Abymi‡Y cvV cwiKíbv I cvV cwiPvjbvi mÿgZv _vKv;
2. mKj wkÿv_©xi D”P-cÖZ¨vkv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cviv;
3. †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZvÑmKj wkky hv‡Z wkL‡bi welqe¯‘ my¯úófv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviv;
4. †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZvÑwewfbœ ai‡bi Kg©ZrciZv I h_vh_ cÖkœ Kivi †KŠkj Rvbv, Ges †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv `ÿZvi gva¨‡g GKwU wkLb cwi‡ek (scaffold of learning) ˆZwii mÿgZv _vKv;
5. wbivc`, hZœkxj, m„Rbkxj, DØy×KiY I P¨v‡jwÄs Ges GKxf~Z wkLb cwi‡ek m„wói `ÿZv _vKv;
6. cvVmswkøó I Kvh©Ki Ges ICT-mn wk‡ÿvcKiY cwiKíbv, Dbœqb I e¨env‡ii `ÿZv _vKv;
7. wkÿv_x©‡`i wkLb Ges GKxf~Z wkÿv m¤úªmvi‡Y mg_©b I mnvqZv`v‡b cwiKíbv Ávb I g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi `ÿZv _vKv|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
174
†ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯’vcb (Profesional Values/(Relationship)
1. wkÿK mKj wkÿv_x©i m‡½ e¨env‡i mgZvweavb, GKxf~ZKiY I b¨vqcivqYZvi cÖwZ `vqe× _vK‡eb;
2. wkÿK AbywPšÍb Abykxjb I avivevwnK †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b `vqe× _vK‡eb;
3. wkÿK mgv‡Ri mKj m`‡m¨i m‡½ GK‡Î Kvh©Kifv‡e KvR Ki‡Z `vqe× I mÿg n‡eb;
4. mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ †ckvMZ mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g KvR Kivi e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡kxj _vK‡eb|
wfwË
• msMVbev`x wkÿv`k©b I AbywPšÍbkxj wkÿY g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q wWwcGW wkÿK-wkÿvi †d«gIqvK©| GwUB RvZxq cwiKíbv Ges †ckvMZ Áv‡bi wfwË| msMVbev`x Z‡Ë¡i mnR A_© n‡”Q, wkï, cÖwkÿYv_©x wkÿK Ges wkÿKe„›` Zv‡`i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb aviYv A_ev c~e©Ávb wb‡q †kÖwYK‡ÿ Av‡mb| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i ¯^Zš¿ GK¸”Q Rxeb AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wkÿ‡Yi A_©, †QvU eo wbwe©‡k‡l GKwU e¨w³MZ cÖwµqv gvÎ| ¯‹z‡ji wkï I wkÿK DfqB ¯‹z‡ji wkLb cwi‡e‡k I mgv‡Ri bvbv †ÿ‡Î DwjøwLZ e¨w³e‡M©i c~e©Ávb Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| bZzb wkLb Aek¨B c~e©eZ©x Ávb I AwfÁZvi m‡½ mshy³ n‡Z n‡e, hv Zvi c~e©eZ©x Áv‡bi eje„wׇZ I aviYv cÖwZ¯’vc‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| hLb wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ `‡j KvR K‡i ZLb Zvi mvnP‡h© wkÿv_©xi Áv‡bi m„wó I cybtm„wó n‡Z (Co-construct) _v‡K|
• AbywPšÍbg~jK wkÿY g~jZ GKwU AbymÜvbx I wRÁvmy wkÿY c×wZ, †hLv‡b ˆbwZKZvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G c×wZ e¯‘Z msMVbev`x wkÿYaviv I mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| G Z‡Ë¡ e¨w³‡K †mev`vb g‡bve„wËi ˆbwZKZvq D¾xweZ K‡i, enygyLx cÖwZfvevb e¨w³e‡M©i †gav‡K Zv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK, eyw×e„wËK I wj½ cv_©K¨ wbwe©‡k‡l kw³ I m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡i| PvKzwic~e© wkÿvi m~Pbv †_‡K wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Rxebe¨vcx †Kvm©mg~n I Kg©kvjv¸‡jv mZK©fv‡e Av‡qvRb Kiv evÃbxq, hv‡Z †m¸‡jv gvV-AwfÁZvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nq| wcwUAvB, mve-K¬v÷vi I BDAviwm‡Z AbywôZ Rxebe¨vcx wmwcwW †Kv‡m© wkÿK wkÿvi cÖK…Z jÿ¨ n‡”Q, wkÿK‡`i g‡a¨ AbymÜvb¯ú„nv RvwM‡q †Zvjv, hv‡Z Zviv wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi mgq g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖ‡qv‡M `„p Ae¯’vb †bb|
• mwµq (Active) wkÿY g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
• wkÿv_©x Zvi gy³ wPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g wkL‡e|
• wkLb wkÿK, wkÿv_©x‡`i Ges AwffveK‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq m¤úbœ n‡e|
• wkÿv_©x ch©‡eÿY Ges Reflection Gi gva¨‡g AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡e Ges wkL‡e|
• wkÿv_©x Zvi wbR¯^ wkL‡bi aib Abyhvqx wkL‡e|
• wkÿv_©x Zvi wb‡Ri c~e©Ávb hvPvB K‡i AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g ax‡i ax‡i wkL‡e|
w`b
1
175
w`b
17Awa‡ekb 4
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
wkïiv Kxfv‡e †k‡L
R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB gvby‡li wkÿv ïiæ nq| GKRb wkïi mwVK wkÿvi Ici Zvi fwel¨r Rxeb wbf©i K‡i| wkï bvbv Dcv‡q bvbv gva¨‡g wkL‡Z _v‡K| ïay we`¨vjq, eBcÎ ev wkÿ‡Ki KvQ †_‡KB wkï †k‡L bv, eis wPšÍv K‡i, †`‡L, ï‡b, ch©‡eÿY K‡i, Abykxjb K‡i wkï wk‡L _v‡K| wkïi GB wkLb Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ wkïevÜe cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv, hv‡Z wkïi wkÿv cwic~Y© nq| wkïi wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î gv-evev, wkÿK Z_v eo‡`i i‡q‡Q weivU f~wgKv| wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avgiv hw` we`¨vjq Z_v cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wkï‡Zvl cwi‡ek Ges wkï‡`i wkL‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mwVK Dcv`vb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j wkï‡`i wkLb Dbœqb m¤¢e| R‡b¥i mgq gvbyl AwZ mvgvb¨B cÖe„wËMZ wkÿv wb‡q Av‡m, Gici Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ ev mgv‡R emev‡mi Rb¨ me wKQzB Zv‡K wkL‡Z nq| Avm‡j cÖwZwU cÖvYx‡KB Zvi Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ me wKQz wkL‡Z nq| hw`I mKj cÖvYxi †ÿ‡Î wkL‡bi GB cÖeYZv Av‡Q, ZviciI gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î wkL‡bi GB cÖeYZvwU AZ¨waK| Rxe‡b wkÿv AR©‡bi Rb¨ bvbv Dcvq ev Drm i‡q‡Q| hviv G¸‡jvi cÖwZ h_vh_ g‡bv‡hvM †`q ZvivB mwVK A‡_© wkwÿZ nq Ges DbœZ Rxe‡bi aviK I evnK nq| Zv bv n‡j gvby‡li Rxebgvb AbybœZ I wbgœ¯Í‡iB †_‡K hvq| Rxeb‡K DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i A‡bK wKQyB wkL‡Z nq| cÖwZwbqZ Avgiv A‡bK wKQzB wkwL| †QvU †_‡K eo nIqvi ci Avgiv nuvU‡Z wkwL, muvZvi wkwL, Mv‡Q Po‡Z wkwL, †jLvcov wkwL BZ¨vw`| Avgv‡`i‡K nq‡Zv †KD G¸‡jv e‡j †`qwb Zey Avgiv wk‡LwQ| wkLb g~jZ AwfÁZv ev Abykxj‡bi d‡j AvPi‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK ¯’vqx cwieZ©b|
wkLb Kx
wkL‡bi mvaviY ˆewk󨸇jv wbgœi~c :
− wkLb n‡jv AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ Ggb GKwU ¯’vqx cwieZ©b, hv AšÍ`©„wó, AwfÁZv ev Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq|
− wkLb ej‡Z †evSvq bZzb †Kv‡bv Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I AwfÁZv AR©b|
− AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g bZzb wKQz AvqË KivB n‡jv wkLb|
− wkÿvwe` Kimbu Will Zvi Teaching for Better Schools kxl©K cy¯Í‡K wkL‡bi msÁv w`‡q‡Qb, ÔThe process of change in a person through interaction is learning.Õ
mvaviY A‡_© wkLb ej‡Z †evSvq gvby‡li AvPvi-AvPi‡Y cvi¯úwiK wµqvi gva¨‡g cwieZ©b Avbqb Kiv| GB cvi¯úwiK wµqvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv (K) wkÿv_©x (L) wkÿK (M) welq (N) cwi‡ek (O) DcKiY|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
176
wb‡P Gi wµqv-cÖwµqv WvqvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ewY©Z n‡jv-
wkLb Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, hv KZ¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i av‡c av‡c m¤úbœ nq| wkLb cÖwµqvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv AwfcÖvq, jÿ¨, evav I †Póv| mgm¨vi mgvavb ev Afve‡eva †_‡K wkL‡bi m~ÎcvZ Ges mgm¨vi mgvavb ev Afve c~i‡Y Gi mgvwß| gvbyl mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ w¯’i K‡i, wKš‘ jÿ¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨i g‡a¨ GKvwaK evav _vKvq mn‡R jÿ¨ AwR©Z nq bv| wkL‡bi †Kv‡bv mnR c_ †bB| †V‡KB gvbyl‡K wkL‡Z nq| jÿ¨ AR©‡b AMÖmi n‡Z hLb gvbyl evavcÖvß nq ZLb †m evav AwZµg Ki‡Z Dcvq LyuR‡Z _v‡K| †m †Póv K‡i GKw`b evav AwZµg K‡i j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡e Ges fwel¨‡Z G iKg evav G‡j Zvi AwfÁZvi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB AwZµg Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GUvB n‡jv wkLb cÖwµqv| wb‡gœ †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zv cÖKvk Kiv n‡jvÑ wkL‡bi ch©vq : wkL‡bi ch©vq 4wUÑ
− Rvbv
− †evSv
− MÖnY Kiv
− cÖ‡qv‡Mi mvg_©¨
wkÿK
welqe¯‘
wkÿv_©x cwi‡ek I Dc`vb
wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
jÿ¨AwfcÖvqevav
†Póv
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
177
wkLb cÖwµqvi avc
wb‡gœ wkLb cÖwµqvi avc¸‡jv Av‡jvwPZ n‡jvÑ
wkï‡`i †kLvi wewfbœ Dcvq
AvMÖn, †SuvK, g‡bvfve I g‡bv‡hvM we‡ePbv K‡i wkÿv g‡bvweÁvbxiv wkï wkÿvi wewfbœ Dcvq eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
1. wkï AbyKiY K‡i †k‡L
2. ch©‡eÿY K‡i †k‡L
3. AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g †k‡L
4. cÖksmv I ¯^xK…wZi dj¯^iƒc †k‡L
5. M‡íi gva¨‡g †k‡L
6. Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g †k‡L
7. †Ljvi gva¨‡g †k‡L
8. `‡ji Ab¨‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †k‡L|
mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv/m‡PZbZv
cÖ‡qvM cÖwZdjb/Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ aviYv wewbgq/Av‡jvPbv
gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZ I Kg©cwiKíbv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
178
eq¯‹ I wkï‡`i wkLb cÖwµqvi Zzjbvm~PK Abyhvqx eq¯‹ I wkï‡`i wkLb cÖwµqvi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ
ˆewkó¨ wkï eq¯‹
wkÿv_©x‡`i aib wbf©ikxj| mvaviYZ mve©ÿwYK ZË¡veavb Qvov fv‡jv KvR K‡i bv|
¯^cwiPvwjZ I ¯^wbqwš¿Z| Ab¨ Kv‡iv wbqš¿Y QvovB fv‡jv KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wkÿv_©xi AwfÁZvi f~wgKv mxwgZ ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ev m¤úK©hy³ e‡j we‡ewPZ nq bv|
mg„× I ˆewPΨgq wkL‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwim¤ú` wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
†kLvi cÖ¯‘wZ eqm I e¨w³‡Z¡i Av‡jv‡K cwiPvwjZ|
ev¯Íe Kg©KvÊ I mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨|
wkL‡bi welqvewj mvaviYZ welq‡Kw›`ªK| mgm¨v‡Kw›`ªK|
wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv DÌvwcZ cÖ‡kœi DËi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i †`q|
wkÿv_©x KZ…©K wPwýZ mgm¨vewji mgvavb AbymÜvb Kivi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
wkL‡bi †KŠkj I Dcv`vb
wkL‡Z n‡j †h †Kej wkÿK ev nv‡Z-Kj‡g †KD KvD‡K wkwL‡q †`‡eb Zv bq| bvbv Dcv‡q Avgiv wkL‡Z cvwi| wb‡Riv †Póv K‡i, Ab¨‡K †`‡L ev A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K ï‡bI Avgiv wkL‡Z cvwi| †kLvi A_©B n‡jv bZzb wKQz AvqË Kiv| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, †h cÖwµqv gvby‡li g‡a¨ Kvw•ÿZ I Zzjbvg~jK ¯’vqx cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡i, ZvB wkÿv| AZGe wkÿvUv †Kej †jLvcov ev eBc‡Îi g‡a¨B mxgve× bq| †h e¨w³ †Kv‡bv w`bI ¯‹z‡j hvqwb Zvi g‡a¨I A‡bK ai‡bi wkÿv Av‡Q, hv nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv eBc‡Î cvIqv hvq bv| gvbyl gvÎB Rb¥ †_‡K g„Zy¨ ch©šÍ wkÿv jvf K‡i| †kLvi †Mvov‡ZB _v‡K KZ¸‡jv fyj Ges †m¸‡jv †kvaiv‡Z wM‡qB µ‡g µ‡g wkÿv m¤ú~Y© nq| wkÿvi m‡½ RwoZ Av‡Q cwicK¡Zv| †h wkï nuvU‡Z †k‡Lwb Zv‡K mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡Z w`‡j cvi‡e bv| ZvB wkÿvi c~‡e© cwicK¡Zvi cÖ‡qvRb| kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e GKwU wkï hLb †h wkÿvi Rb¨ Dchy³ nq ZLb Zv‡K †mB wkÿv †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| GB mKj Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq wkLb e¨vcviwU AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK I Mfxi Zvrch© enb K‡i| G¸‡jv †evSvi Rb¨ wkL‡bi mnvqK KZ¸‡jv †KŠkj I Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
wb‡P wkL‡bi KZ¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †KŠkj I Dcv`v‡bi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
• ch©‡eÿY : g‡b Kiyb Avcwb Kvc‡o dzj Zzj‡eb ev KvVwgw¯¿i g‡Zv bKkv Kiv Avmeve evbv‡bv †kLv‡eb| †m †ÿ‡Î ï‡b Avcwb Zv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wKš‘ Avcwb hw` KvD‡K Kvc‡o dzj Zzj‡Z †`‡Lb ev KvVwgw¯¿i KvR Mfxifv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb fv‡jvfv‡e Zv wkL‡Z cvi‡eb| G Rb¨ †kLvi Ab¨Zg gva¨g n‡jv ch©‡eÿY Kiv| ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿv jvf Kiv hvq|
• Abykxjb : †Kv‡bv wKQz evievi PP©v KivB n‡jv Abykxjb| wkÿv jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î Abykxj‡bi ¸iyZ¡
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
179
A‡bK| †Kv‡bv KvR hw` GKevi ch©‡eÿY K‡i wk‡L †bIqv hvq Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abykxjb| †hgbÑ Mvb †kLv, †h ZZ †ewk Abykxjb Ki‡e Zvi wkÿv ZZ fv‡jvfv‡e n‡e|
• †cÖlYv : †cÖlYvi mnR evsjv cÖwZkã n‡jv MiR| GB MiR GK ai‡bi kw³, hv gvbyl‡K †Kv‡bv Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡i Ges †m KvR †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ Zv‡K †mB Kv‡R wjß iv‡L| †cÖlYvi m„wó nq Afve‡eva †_‡K| A_©vr Avgv‡`i gv‡S †Kv‡bv wKQzi Afve n‡j †cÖlYv ev Mi‡Ri m„wó nq| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, †Kv‡bv GK wkïi mKj eÜz wg‡j b`x‡Z muvZvi KvU‡Q wKš‘ †m muvZvi Rv‡b bv| GLb Zvi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi Mi‡Ri m„wó n‡Z cv‡i †h †m Zvi eÜz‡`i g‡Zv muvZvi wkL‡e| Gici †m muvZvi wkL‡Z cv‡i| GUvB n‡jv muvZvi †kLvi Rb¨ H e¨w³i †cÖlYv| G †cÖlYvB Zv‡K muvZvi wkL‡Z DØy× Ki‡e|
• Drmvn cÖ`vb : †Kv‡bv KvR Kivi Rb¨ hLb jvfRbK †Kv‡bv wKQz cvIqv hvq Zv‡KB e‡j ejea©K| †hgbÑgv Zvi wkïwU‡K co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ ej‡Z cv‡ib, Gevi Zzwg cixÿvq fv‡jv Ki‡j †Zvgv‡K GKwU my›`i †Ljbv wK‡b †`e| GB cyi¯‹vi cÖvwßi Avkvq wkïwU †jLvcovq DrmvwnZ n‡Z cv‡i| KviY Zvi mvg‡b GKwU cyi¯‹vi Szj‡Q| Avm‡j GB cyi¯‹viB n‡jv ejea©K, hvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv wkï wkÿv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿ‡Ki ejv cÖksmvm~PK K_v, wkï †Kv‡bv wKQz wjL‡j Ges wkÿK Zv †`‡L Lye fv‡jv n‡q‡Q, fv‡jv n‡q‡Q, AZ¨šÍ fv‡jv n‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` A_ev b¤^i †`‡eb e‡j D‡jøL Ki‡jI Zv ejea©K wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|
• eqm : g‡b Kiyb Avcwb cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K wZb A‡¼i †hvM †kLv‡eb| †m wK cvi‡e? bv| †m cvi‡e bv, KviY H wkÿv †bIqvi g‡Zv h‡_ó cwicK¡Zv ev Dchy³ eqm H wkïwUi nqwb| †m Rb¨ wKQz wKQz wkÿv †`Iqvi Rb¨ wkïi Dchy³ eq‡mi cÖ‡qvRb|
• c~e© AwfÁZv : wKQz welq Av‡Q, hv †kLvi Rb¨ gvby‡li c~e© AwfÁZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| c~e©Ávb cieZ©x wkL‡bi c‡ÿ mnvqK nq A_v©r bZzb welq wkLb‡K Z¡ivwš^^Z K‡i| Zv bv n‡j Gi Rb¨ AwaK mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
wkÿv jv‡fi Rb¨ AviI A‡bK †KŠkj Av‡Q, †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
• †`‡L
• MÜ wb‡q
• Kíbv K‡i
• Zzjbv K‡i
• AskMÖnY K‡i
• `‡j KvR K‡i
• M‡íi gva¨‡g
• eB c‡o
• Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g
• cÖkœ K‡i
• AbyKiY K‡i
• †L‡j
• Mvb K‡i
• wb‡`©kbv †_‡K
• GKvKx wPšÍv K‡i
• AbymÜvb K‡i
• bv‡Pi gva¨‡g
• ï‡b
• ¯^v` wb‡q
• Qwei gva¨‡g
• Zzjbv K‡i
• bvovPvov K‡i
• Qovi gva¨‡g
• evievi †Póv K‡i
• ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
180
wkL‡bi cwi‡ek
wkïi †kLvi Rb¨ cwi‡ek GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| mwVK cwi‡ek bv †c‡j wkïi wkÿv cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i bv| wkïiv Zvi Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek I gvby‡li m‡½ wg‡k, K_vevZ©v e‡j, †jb‡`b K‡i I fve wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g †k‡L| ZvB Avgv‡`i Ggb Ae¯’v ev cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b wkï Zvi me¸‡jv Bw›`ªq‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e weKwkZ Kivi my‡hvM cvq| wkïi wkÿvi Rb¨ cwi‡ek †h iKg nIqv DwPZ :
• N‡ivqv cwi‡ek †_‡K wkïi wkÿv ïiæ nq| ZvB wkïi g‡a¨ fv‡jv wKQz †`L‡Z n‡j Av‡M Ni wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| N‡i kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ kª×vkxj I mnbkxj n‡Z n‡e| d‡j wkïi g‡a¨ mnbkxj, ˆah©kxj I wg‡jwg‡k _vKvi gvbwmKZv ˆZwi n‡e|
• wkïi R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB Zvi cuvPwU Bw›`ªq KvR Kiv Avi¤¢ K‡i| ZvB Avgv‡`i Ggb cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †m Zvi mKj Bw›`ªq e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g mwVK wkÿvjv‡fi my‡hvM cvq| †hgbÑwkïi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z n‡e, Zv‡K ai‡Z n‡e, Zv‡K †Kv‡j wb‡Z n‡e, gvby‡li Mjvi ¯^i wkïi †kvbvi Rb¨ Ges †`Lvi Rb¨ gvby‡li gyL (we‡kl K‡i Zvi AvcbRb) LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| Zv Qvov wkïiv bvbv iKg wRwbm †`L‡Z, ai‡Z Ges Zv wb‡q †Lj‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Z‡e me mgq wkï‡K GKB †Ljbv/wRwbm †`Iqv DwPZ bq, KviY Zvi bZzb bZzb AwfÁZvi cÖ‡qvRb|
• mK‡jiB eÜz cÖ‡qvRb| gv-evev n‡eb wkïi eo eÜz| Zv Qvov gv-evev A‡b¨i mv‡_ wkïi eÜz evbv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A‡b¨i mv‡_ †Ljvi mgq wkï ah©kxjZv, †bZ…Z¡ AbymiY Kiv, gZwewbgq Kiv, Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z †k‡L| wkïi †Ljvi cwi‡ek wbivc` ivLvi e¨vcv‡i gv-evev, wkÿK Ges Ab¨‡`i m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
G Qvov wbgœwjwLZ cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e :
we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ekÑ
• wkïi gvbwmK Avb›` I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv• wkïi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv• wkï‡K fv‡jvevmv I Avb‡›` ivLv• wkïi gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv• wkïi mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv I †Ljvi my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv• wkï‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv
• AwffveK‡`i mnR cÖ‡ekvwaKvi|
e¯‘MZ cwi‡ek
• wkïi eqm I weKvk Dc‡hvMx DcKiY _vKv• AvKl©Yxq †Ljbv mvgMÖx• eÜzevÜe I †Ljvi mvw_• cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡ek• wbivc` cvwb I cywó wbwðZ Kiv
• wkïi Rb¨ ch©vß †Ljvayjv I we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
181
• m„Rbkxj Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ DcKiYvw`• JlacÎ Ges SuywKc~Y©/ÿwZKviK `ªe¨vw` bv ivLv• evB‡i †Ljvi my‡hvM _vKv
• kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki DcKiYvw` ch©vß _vKv|
wkïiv RvwZi fwel¨r| †m Rb¨ RvwZi DbœwZi Rb¨ wkï‡K mwVK wkÿvq wkwÿZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| wkï ïay eB c‡o, ¯‹z‡j wM‡q †k‡L Zv bq, eis bvbv gva¨‡g, bvbv Dcv‡q wkï wkÿv jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| wkïi wkÿv jv‡fi Dcvq, cwi‡ek, Z_v bvbv cvwicvwk¦©KZv Avgv‡`i‡K wkïevÜe K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z wkï GKwU wbf©q cwi‡e‡k mwVK wkÿv jv‡fi gva¨‡g Zvi me©v½xY Dbœqb NUv‡Z cv‡i|(wkLb m¤úwK©Z ZË¡¸‡jv cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q)|
gvbyl †h †Kv‡bv bZzb welq †k‡L ev aviYv jvf K‡i Zv †m K‡i Zvi eZ©gvb a¨vb ev aviYv e¨envi K‡i| †h aviYv ev Ávb gvbyl B‡Zvg‡a¨ AvqË K‡i‡Q Zvi mv‡_ bZzb Ávb‡K mw¤§jb Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq †m wel‡q †KŠkj Lyu‡R c~e©Ávb ev AwfÁZvi mv‡_ bZzb Ávb ev AwfÁZv‡K mgwš^Z K‡i| gvby‡li eZ©gvb Ávb, hv‡K Avgiv Ávbg~jK KvVv‡gv (Cognitive structure) ej‡Z cvwi Zv Rb¥Kv‡j k~b¨ _v‡K Ges wkïi e„w×cÖvwßi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv weKwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| fvlvi e¨env‡i `ÿZv Ávb m„wói GKwU DcKiY| GKwU ¯^vfvweK wkï wZb eQi eq‡m Zvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b fvlv wel‡q KvR Pvjv‡bvi gZ `ÿZv jvf K‡i|
fvlv cwic~Y© AvqË n‡j Ávb KvVv‡gv `ªæZ weKwkZ nq| wjwLZ fvlv c‡o A‡_©v×vi Ki‡Z cvi‡j mvgwMÖK Ávb KvVv‡gv `ªæZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K Ges Zv N‡U 5-6 eQi eqm †_‡K|
gyL¯’ K‡i †kLv Ges A_©mn wkL‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡jv gyL¯’ K‡i †kLvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x bZzb Áv‡bi mv‡_ Zvi eZ©gvb Áv‡bi mgš^‡qi †Kv‡bv †PóvB K‡i bv| wb‡gœi Qwe‡Z G welqwU e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wkLb
A_©en Z_¨jvfneû Z_¨jvf
gyL¯’ KivÁvbg~jK KvVv‡gv
aviYvMZ gvbwPÎ
m‡PZb cÖ‡Póv
bZzb Ávb aviYv
n‡Z cv‡i
m„wó K‡i †hgb
cÖ‡qvRb nq
hy&³ Kivi Rb¨Gi mv‡_ hy&³cÖwZdwjZ nqm„wó K‡i bv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
182
wPÎ : wkLb m¤úwK©Z aviYv m¤ú‡K© cÖ¯Ívebv (†WweW Am‡ej-2000)|
aviYvMZ gvbwPÎ bZzb Ávb aviYv GLv‡b GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki Ges we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv Kx n‡Z cv‡i? A_©vr wkÿvµg, †kªwYi cwi‡ek, wkLb DcKiY BZ¨vw`mn wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wkLb‡K mnvqZv †`Iqvi Rb¨ A_ev wkLb‡K `ªæZ Kivi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i A_ev wkÿK Kxfv‡e Zv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AvaywbKKv‡j †h ZË¡¸‡jv wkÿK wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î AbymiY Kiv nq †m¸‡jvi g~j K_v A_ev G m¤úwK©Z M‡elYvjä Z_¨ ¯úófv‡e e‡j †h, wkÿK A_ev †Kv‡bv DcKiY wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ Ávb mÂvwiZ K‡i bv, eis GKRb wkÿv_©x †m wkï †nvK A_ev eq¯‹ †nvK, wkÿ‡Ki Ges cÖvß Z‡_¨i mnvqZvq Ávb wbg©vY K‡ib| G †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xi gw¯Í®‹mn Zvi cwi‡ek, Zvi AwfÁZv BZ¨vw` GKwU eo f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| myZivs GKw`‡K †hgb wkÿKMY mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †_‡K G m¤úwK©Z aviYv jvf Ki‡eb, Ab¨w`‡K Zviv †kªwYK‡ÿ wbqwgZ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g GB †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î †h wkLb m¤úwK©Z ZË¡¸‡jv I cÖvmw½K Zv wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jvÑ Sensory stimulation Theory: GB ZË¡ Abymv‡i cÖavbZ wewfbœ Bw›`ªq we‡kl K‡i cÖZ¨ÿ‡Yi Kv‡R DÏxcbv m„wói Ici †ewk ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq| ¯úk© Kiv, †kvbv, NªvY jvf Kiv cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡Î DÏxcbv m„wói gva¨‡g gvbyl †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i|
Facilitation theory : Kvj© iRvim Ges Ab¨iv ÔmnvqZvi gva¨‡g wkLb ZË¡Õ cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| wkÿK wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavbZ mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©x hLb †Kv‡bv wKQz wkL‡Q ZLb Zv wbqš¿Y K‡i, KLbI ïay wb‡`©kbv w`‡q, wKQz Avfvm wKsev civgk© w`‡q wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv v‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi Ávb ev aviYv m„wói †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv iv‡Lb| †m †ÿ‡Î GKRb mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv n‡jv, wZwb wkÿv_©xi K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bb| we‡kl K‡i Zvi cÖwZwµqvi h_vh_ g~j¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb, wZwb wb‡Ri aviYv‡K AuvK‡o a‡i _v‡Kb bv| wkÿv_©xi BwZevPK ev †bwZevPK Dfq gZvgZ‡KB h_vh_ Avg‡j †bb Ges †mB cÖwZwµqvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Ávb ev aviYvi m„wó‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv †`b| wkÿv_©xiv wb‡RivB †kLvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| Avevi Zv‡`i wbR AwfÁZv Ges AšÍ`©„wói gva¨‡g bZzb aviYv‡K Ávb KvVv‡gv‡Z (Cognitive Structure) AšÍf©z³ K‡ib| G Qvov Zv‡`i me‡P‡q g~j¨evb g~j¨vqb n‡jv AvZ¥g~j¨vqb A_©vr †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi Zvrch©c~Y© mgvavb A_ev djvdj cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i eyw×-we‡ePbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| G †ÿ‡Î wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
Experiential learning : †WwfW †Kvje wkLb cÖwµqvi Pvi ¯Íiwewkó GKwU g‡Wj ˆZwi Kivi gva¨‡g AwfÁZvjä wkLb‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| †Kvje-Gi g‡Wj gvby‡li wkLb cÖwµqv‡K LyeB cwi®‹vifv‡e Ges Dcjwäi Dc‡hvMx K‡i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x Df‡qi Kv‡QB G Z‡Ë¡i cÖf~Z cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| g‡WjwU wbgœiƒc :
ev¯Íe AwfÁZvAwfÁZv‡K Abykxj‡b cÖ‡qvM K‡ibmwµq cixÿYmgvavb eyS‡Z cixÿv AbywPšÍbg~jK ch©‡eÿYwbixÿv K‡ib wbi‡cÿZvi djvdj‡K we‡kølY K‡ib
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
183
weg~Z©aviYvqKaviYvMZ Dcjwä‡K ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib†Kvje Zvi M‡elYvi gva¨‡g †`wL‡q‡Qb me gvbyl †gvUvgywUfv‡e DwjøwLZ PviwU Dcv‡q wkLb jvf K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e †klvewa GKwU Dcvq Zvi g‡a¨ ¯’vqx nq, Ab¨ Dcvq¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i Pvcv c‡o| Dc‡ivwjøwLZ wkLb Pµ Øviv †evSvq gvbyl †k‡LÑ
• ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g
• ch©‡eÿY Ges Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g
• weg~Z© aviYv m„wói gva¨‡g
• mwµq cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g|
wWwcGW †kªwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
wkÿ‡Ki mvwe©K cÖ¯‘wZ Abykxj‡bi †ÿÎ n‡”Q we`¨vj‡qi †kªwYKÿ| Zvi cwiKwíZ wkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi ev¯Íe cÖwZdjb N‡U GLv‡b| Avevi GgbI nq †h, †kªwYKÿ ev¯ÍeZvi †cÖÿvc‡U A‡bK mgq Zuv‡K ZvrÿwYKfv‡e cwiKíbvq cwieZ©b ev ms‡kvab Avb‡Z nq| GUv Ki‡Z nq g~jZ wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb‡K djcÖm~ I †UKmB Kivi ¯v‡_©| welqe¯‘i aib ev cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wkÿ‡Ki ˆ`bw›`b wkÿY cwiKíbvq wKQzUv wfbœZv _vK‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| Gme wfbœZvi †cÖÿvcU ev KviY gv_vq †i‡L Avgv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi †kªwYKÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv‡Z †h KvR¸‡jv mvaviYfv‡e Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv GLv‡b ms‡ÿ‡c Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
1. GKxf‚Z wkÿvi aviYvi Av‡jv‡K †kªwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv
†kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡e‡ki ci wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv I Kzkj wewbgq, Zv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y BZ¨vw` wkÿ‡Ki mvaviY Kv‡Ri AvIZvq c‡o| Gici Avgiv ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ (cvV cwiKíbvq ewY©Z) †kªwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv †m‡i †dje| GLv‡b †kªwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i AvmbMZ e¨e¯’vcbvi w`KwU †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| g~j e¨e¯’vcbvq wkLb †kLv‡bvi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cv‡V wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv, Kv‡R AskMÖnY, wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbvg‡Zv mKj KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b BZ¨vw`‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i| hv‡nvK, wkÿv_©x‡`i Avmb e¨e¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv we‡kl Pvwn`v ev ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a mvg‡bi w`‡Ki Avm‡b emvi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`e, †ewk cviM, ga¨g cviM I Kg cviM wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgÄm¨c~Y©fv‡e emvi wb‡`©kbv †`e, hv‡Z `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `j MVb mn‡R I ¯^í mg‡q m¤úbœ nq| Avgv‡`i hv‡`i we`¨vj‡qi †kªwYK‡ÿ GiKg Avmb e‡›`ve¯Í Av‡Q, Zviv wbwðZ ne wkÿv_©xiv Abyiƒcfv‡e Avm‡b e‡m‡Q wK bv| Gici †gŠwLKZv cvV †NvlYv Kie I †ev‡W© wjLe| myweav _vK‡j cvIqvi c‡q‡›U †`Lve|
2. wkÿvµwgK D‡Ïk¨/AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi ¯úó e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
cvV †NvlYvi ci wkLb D‡Ïk¨ †hwU cvV cwiKíbvq D‡jøL K‡iwQ Zv wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡Q my¯úófv‡e e¨vL¨v Kie| gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµ‡gi g‡Zv mvaviY AvPiwYK ev we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨i D‡jøL PjwZ cÖv_wgK ͇ii wkÿvµ‡g †bB| Zvi cwie‡Z© cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv Ges †m¸‡jv‡K †kªwYwfwËK AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e 2011 mv‡ji cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi mv‡_ mswkøó
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
184
9wU D‡Ïk¨ I 15wU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Avgiv cv‡Vi ïiæ‡Z cvV mswk¬ó AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges Gi D‡Ïk¨ mnR-mijfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi| Giƒc e¨vL¨vi Zvrch© GB †h, Zv wkÿv_©x‡`i cv‡Vi cÖwZ g‡b‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j, cvV Abyave‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges Zviv welqe¯‘i cÖvmw½KZv ai‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, Avcwb Z…Zxq †kªwY‡Z cov‡bvi ïiæ‡Z Òcwievi I we`¨vj‡q Avgv‡`i KvRÓ cvVwUi Òcwiev‡i Avgv‡`i KvRÓ kxl©K cvV †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| GB welqe¯‘i gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv Z…Zxq †kªwY‡Z AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx Òcwiev‡ii m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbR AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ eyS‡e Ges N‡ii mnR KvRK‡g© AskMÖnY Ki‡e|Ó Avcbvi cvV †NvlYvi cvkvcvwk GB AwR©Ze¨ †hvM¨ZvwUi mnR-mij we‡kølY wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVwU m¤ú‡K© mvaviY aviYv msMV‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e|
3. cvV Dc¯’vcbv
Avgv‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bvi g~j Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ch©vq GwU| G ch©v‡qB Avgiv Avgv‡`i c~e©cwiKwíZ I cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kv‡Ri AwaKvsk Abykxjb Kie| Avgiv BwZc~‡e© †hme c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb K‡iwQ, †m¸‡jvi mdj e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kie| cvV Dc¯’vcbv Z_v wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq cÖhyw³MZ mnvqK mvgMÖx †hgb Kw¤úDUvi, IGBPwc (Over Head Projector) ev gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw` hv Avgv‡`i Av‡Q Zv e¨envi Kie| G c‡e© Avgiv AviI hv Kie:
(i) e¨vL¨v we‡kølY
cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi avivevwnK cÖwµqvq Avgiv BwZc~‡e© welqe¯‘‡Z †hme e¨vL¨v‡hvM¨ c`, cÖZ¨q, kã, ZË¡ BZ¨vw` wPwýZ K‡iwQ Ges cvV cwiKíbvq Uz‡K wb‡qwQ, †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvi avivevwnKZvq e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kie| e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ Avgiv mnR mij D`vniY, mv`„k¨-ˆemv`„k¨, iƒcK, cÖ`k©b, cÖkœKiY, cwiwgZ I kvjxb iwmKZv BZ¨vw` bvbv †KŠkj cÖvmw½Kfv‡e e¨envi Kie| D`vniY †`e wkÿv_©x‡`i †PbvRvbv cwi‡ek ev ev¯Íe †ÿÎ †_‡K| †hgb, cwi‡ek mswkøó wkÿ‡Y Avgiv mn‡RB Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †_‡K D`vniY w`‡Z cvwi| †Zgwb cwievi wel‡q cov‡Z wM‡q wkï‡`i wbR wbR cwievi cÖm‡½ ej‡Z w`‡Z cvwi| g~j¨‡evamg~‡ni K¬v‡m cwiwPZ wewfbœ cÖw_Zhkv e¨w³i Rxebx I Kg©Kv‡Ê g~j¨‡ev‡ai Abkxjb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvwi|
welhe¯‘ e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi †KŠkj e¨env‡ii cvkvcvwk Avgiv mvgÄm¨c~Y©fv‡e Avgv‡`i ˆZwi ev msMÖnK…Z DcKiY e¨envi Kie| †h aviYv, cÖZ¨q, ˆewkó¨ ev Z_¨ DcKiY aviY Ki‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv ev e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi mgq †mwU wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv ev cÖ`k©b Kiv‡bv †ewk hyw³hy³ n‡e|
(ii) wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqv I cwiKwíZ Kv‡R Zv‡`i wb‡qvwRZKiY
wkLb †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î Av‡jvPbvq, e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Y Avgiv †kªwYK‡ÿ hZ †ewk cviv hvq wkÿv_©x‡`i AskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ Kie| Zv‡`i‡K aviYv ev gZvgZ cÖKv‡k AbycÖvwYZ Kie| we‡kl K‡i †h mg¯Í welqe¯‘ aviYv ev gZvgZ msMVbg~jK, †m¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv Aek¨B wkÿv_©x‡`i gZvgZ MÖnY Kie| Avgiv me mgq g‡b ivLe †h, wkÿv_©xiv wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z, Avgiv wkÿKiv Zv‡`i mnvqZvKvix| †kªwYK‡ÿ Avgv‡`i †kLv‡bvi aib KL‡bv †hb GiKg bv nq †h, wkÿv_©xiv AskMÖn‡Yi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM cv‡”Q bv, Zviv †kªwYK‡ÿ bxie `k©K gvÎ| GRb¨ †hLv‡bB Zv‡`i mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqvi my‡hvM Av‡Q, Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv †mB my‡hvM K‡i †`e| Avevi GwUI Avgiv †Lqvj ivLe †h, Avgv‡`i wg_w¯Œqv me mgq †kªwYK‡ÿi †KejgvÎ ¸wUK‡qK wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ †hb bv nq| †kªwYK‡ÿi AšÍg©ywLb ¯^fv‡ei ev axi wkLb ¯^fv‡ei †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i‡KI Avgiv Av‡jvPbvq
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
185
m¤ú„³ Kie|
GB m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi GKwU eo my‡hvM Zwi K‡i †`q †kªwYK‡ÿi cwiKwíZ Kvh©vewj| welqe¯‘ ev Zvi Askwe‡k‡li Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, gZvgZ MÖnY BZ¨vw` m¤úbœ Kivi ci cv‡Vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ eRvq †i‡L Avgiv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i BwZc~‡e©Kvi cwiKwíZ KvR wkÿv_©x‡`i Ki‡Z †`e| cwiKwíZ KvR cÖYqbKv‡j Avgiv welqe¯‘i cÖK…wZ ev aib ey‡S Kv‡Ri †KŠkj wbe©vP‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`e| †hgb, aviYv msMVb, cigZmwnòzZv, MYZvwš¿K g‡bvfve, åvZ…Z¡‡eva BZ¨vw` welqe¯‘ msµvšÍ KvR wbe©vP‡b Dc¯’vcb, jxq KvR, weZK©, Awfbq, g‡Wwjs BZ¨vw` †KŠkj Aej¤^b ¸iæZ¡ †c‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwb, †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb msµvšÍ aviYv AR©‡b GKKfv‡e gvbwPÎ ev f~-wPÎvewj‡Z Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k Kiv‡bvi cwiKíbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| `ÿZv DbœqbmsµvšÍ KvR GKKfv‡e, †Rvovq A_ev `‡j nv‡Z-Kj‡g †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj AwaK djcÖm~ n‡e| GQvov wfwWI wK¬c ev wfwWI wPÎ, AwWI, †Uc‡iKW©vi, Kw¤úDUvi BZ¨vw` e¨envi ev cÖ`k©b K‡i wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK NUbvewj, hy×-msNvZ, gvbeZvg~jK KvR, HwZnvwmK NUbv I wb`k©b BZ¨vw` welhe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡`i Dcjwä †evSvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i GKK ev `jxq Kv‡Ri †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi †kªwYK‡ÿi cwi‡ek `j MV‡bi GKvšÍ cÖwZK~j n‡j Zv‡`i wbR Avm‡b e‡m KvR Kivi (sitting work) cwiKíbv Kie|
`jxq KvR cÖ`v‡bi mgq Avgiv mylg j MV‡bi e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó _vKe| †Kv‡bv ‡j †hb AwZ cviM Ges †Kv‡bv `‡j G‡Kev‡iB AcviM wkÿv_©xi AvwaK¨ bv nq Zv Avgiv we‡ePbvq ivLe| we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i Avgiv wewfbœ `‡j fvM K‡i †`e| `‡ji Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z eje| `j MV‡bi ci Kx Ki‡Z n‡e, KZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv mKj `j‡K ¯úó K‡i Rvwb‡q †`e| AZtci wkÿv_©xiv KvR ïiæ Kivi ci Avgiv wewfbœ `‡ji Kv‡Q hve, Zv‡`i mgm¨v _vK‡j ev eyS‡Z Amyweav _vK‡j Zvi mgvavb †`e Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri ZË¡veavb Kie| KvR †kl nevi ci cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji djvdj Dc¯’vcb I `jmg~‡ni wg_w¯Œqvq MYZvwš¿K cwi‡ek eRvq ivLe| wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Zv‡`i mnvqZv Kie|
(iii) mnRvZ cÖwZfvm¤úbœ ev AwZ †gavex wkÿv_©x‡K cwiKwíZ D”P gvÎvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZKiY
Avgv‡`i †kªwYK‡ÿ Ggb wkÿv_©x _vKv LyeB ¯^vfvweK, hviv Rb¥MZfv‡eB AwZ †gavex ev cÖwZfvm¤úbœ| †Kvb cÖkœ Ki‡j Zviv mevi Av‡M mvov †`q, KvR w`‡j ªæZ †kl K‡i †d‡j, we‡kl K‡i GKK Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î| Ab¨iv †mwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z †h mgq jvMv‡e ZZÿY †kªwYK‡ÿ wbwe©Kvi e‡m _vKv Zv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM bó Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB AšÍe©Z©x mg‡q AviI wKQzUv e¨vcK cwim‡i welqe¯‘mswkøó Ávb ev aviYv msMVb A_ev wKQzUv D”P gvÎvq Abyave‡b Avgiv Zv‡`i‡K mwµq ivLe| †hgb, Zviv hLb wkÿ‡Ki †`Iqv KvR Ôkª‡gi ¸iæZ¡Õ ms‡ÿ‡c LvZvq wj‡L wkÿK‡K †`wL‡q‡Q Ges Ab¨iv ZL‡bv wjL‡Q, GB mg‡q wkÿK Zv‡`i‡K `y-GK †ckvi kªgRxexi Kv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ ms‡ÿ‡c wjL‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ib A_ev Zviv evwo‡Z Kx Kx KvR K‡i Ges †m¸‡jv bv Ki‡j Zvi Kx cÖfve n‡Z cv‡i Zv †jLvi wb‡`©kbv Zv‡`i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(iv) axiMwZm¤úbœ ev we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY
†kªwYK‡ÿ AwZ †gavex wkÿv_©x †hgb _v‡K, †Zgwb wKQz axi wkLbMwZi wkÿv_©xI _v‡K| Avevi, A‡bK †kªwY‡Z we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x _v‡K| Avgv‡`i †kªwYK‡ÿ Giƒc wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Avgiv m‡Pó _vKe| cvV Dc¯’vcbv, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î Avgiv cv‡Vi cÖavb cÖavb w`K¸‡jv (key points) cybive„wË Kie, †m¸‡jv ej‡Z eje| Abyaveb ¯úó bv n‡j weKí D`vniY †`e,
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
186
e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kie| `jxq Kv‡R Zviv mwµq i‡q‡Q wK bv Zv Mfxifv‡e ch©‡eÿ‡Y ivLe| `‡ji AwZ cviM m`m¨‡K Zv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z eje| wg_w¯Œqvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡`i‡K wKQzUv AMÖvwaKvi †`e| we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b †kªwYK‡ÿi evB‡i Aemi mg‡q Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q e‡m civgk© I mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY Kie|
(v) MVbg~jK g~j¨vqb I djveZ©b
MVbg~jK g~j¨vqb Kiv nq wkÿv_©xi wkLb AMÖMwZ ev wkLb cvi`wk©Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨| wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv PjvKv‡j Avgiv gv‡Sg‡a¨B wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb cvi`wk©Zv Dcjwä Kivi Rb¨ g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^b Kie| †hgb cÖkœ-DËi, cÖ`k©b, †ev‡W©i KvR, Avm‡b e‡m †jLvi KvR (sitting work), mZ¨ wg_¨v, wgjKiY, mswÿß cÖ‡kœi DËi BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i wkLb cvi`wk©Zv hvPvB Kie| wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb cvi`wk©Zv hvPvB‡qi †ÿ‡Î AwZ cviM, ga¨g cviM I Kg cviM mKj ai‡bi wkÿv_©x‡K iæZ¡ †`e| we‡kl K‡i Avgiv hLb GKwU wkLbdj AR©‡bi mKj KvR m¤úbœ Kie ZLb †mB wkLbdj m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©xi wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ wkLbdj †Kw›`ªK MVbg~jK g~j¨vqb Pj‡Z cv‡i| MVbg~jK g~j¨vq‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi †h †h w`‡K `ye©jZv cÖKvk cv‡e, we‡kl K‡i †m¸‡jvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Avgiv cybivq Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY BZ¨vw` Kie| cÖ‡qvR‡b cviM wkÿv_©xi mnvqZvq Zv‡`i wkLb mg„× Kie| cybivq hvPvB K‡i Zv‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZi aviYv jvf Kie|
(vi) mvivsk Dc¯’vcb
wdWe¨vK I djveZ©‡bi ci Avgiv cv‡Vi g~j welqe¯‘ Z_v mvie¯‘ Zv †mwU aviYv, †PZbv, `ÿZv ev `„wófw½ BZ¨vw` †h mswkøó †nvK bv †Kb, cybivq mnR-mij fvlvq Dc¯’vcb Kie| axi wkLbMwZi wkÿv_©x‡`i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i welqe¯‘i mvieËv Avgiv cybive„wË Kie|
(vii) P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb Kie Avgiv wkLbdj ev AwR©Ze¨ †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K| GRb¨ Avgiv cÖ¯ÍywZc‡e© †hme wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK Afxÿv wbe©vPb K‡iwQ, †m¸‡jv e¨envi Kie| wkÿv_©x‡`i Ávbg~jK AMÖMwZ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ ˆbe©¨w³K, mswÿß DËi cÖkœ, †ev‡W©i KvR, DcKi‡Y wb‡`©k ev wPwýZKiY, mvivsk wjLb BZ¨vw` bvbv †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i Avgiv wkÿv_©x‡`i AwR©Z Ávbg~jK wkLb cvi`wk©Zv g~j¨vqb Kie| wkÿv_©x‡`i gZ cÖKvk, †hŠw³K I MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbvZ¥K `„wófw½, g~j¨‡eva BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ wkLb cvi`wk©Zv g~j¨vqb iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡e| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i †ek mgq w`‡Z n‡e| Avgiv cwiKwíZfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bvi Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡i G ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi mgq †ei K‡i wbe|
wkÿv_©x‡`i `„wófw½, g~j¨‡eva BZ¨vw` †hgb GK w`‡b ev GK cv‡Vi gva¨‡g M‡o I‡V bv, †Zgwb ïay wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK iPbvg~jK Afxÿv Zv‡`i g~j¨‡eva ev `„wófw½ hvPvB‡qi GKgvÎ wbY©vqK bq| Zv‡`i AvPvi-AvPiY, Kg©KvÊ, †gjv‡gkv BZ¨vw`I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi e¨vcvi †_‡K hvq| GB `xN©‡gqvw` cÖwµqvq Avgiv ch©‡eÿYK…Z DcvË †cvU©dwjI ev B-†cvU©dwjI, cÖwZdjbg~jK Wv‡qwi BZ¨vw`‡Z avivevwnKfv‡e msiÿY K‡i Ges wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi †m¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i `„wófw½, g~j¨‡eva BZ¨vw` g~j¨vq‡bi †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kie|
(viii) evwoi KvR
wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Ges we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb
187
Avgiv mKj welq wkÿK wbwe©Pv‡i evwoi KvR w`‡q wkLb‡K wkÿv_©xi †evSv evbv‡Z PvB bv| Ggb welq †`e, hv evievi cov ev Abykxjb Qvov Abyavebxq nIqv KóKi| Avgiv cÖ‡qvRb I ¸iæZ¡ ey‡S mswÿß iƒ‡c ev mvivsk wjLb I cVb AvKv‡i Zv‡`i evwoi KvR †`e|
wkLb †kLv‡bvi Ici AbywPšÍbwkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv m¤úbœ K‡i †kªwYKÿ Z¨vM Kivi ci Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ n‡e cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU‡K ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv Ges Avgv‡`i mvdj¨ I mxgve×Zv‡K Abyaveb Kiv| GB welqwU‡K Avgiv AbywPšÍb ejwQ| GwU †hgb wkÿK wb‡R wb‡R Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †Zgwb wZwb †kªwYK‡ÿ Zvi †Kv‡bv mnKg©xi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡ÿ‡Î H mnKg©x Zvi †kªwY wkÿY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq †bvU †b‡eb Ges K¬vm †k‡l Zv‡K Zvi wkÿ‡Yi mvdj¨ ev mxgve×Zvi w`K¸‡jv AewnZ Ki‡eb| Z‡e Avgv‡`i cÖv_wgK ev gva¨wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jvi ev¯ÍeZv n‡”Q cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿK‡KB we`¨vjq PjvKvjxb mg‡q ch©vqµwgK K¬vm wb‡q e¨¯Í _vK‡Z nq| A‡bK we`¨vj‡q i‡q‡Q wkÿK msKU| Avevi wkÿK ¯^íZv bv _vK‡jI we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z G ai‡bi AbywPšÍ‡bi PP©v †bB| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †ckvMZ Z_v wkÿY `ÿZvi Dbœqb I wkLb †kLv‡bv AwaKZi Kvh©Ki Kivi †ÿ‡Î AbywPšÍ‡bi f~wgKv A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB| Kv‡RB, wkÿK AšÍZ wb‡R wb‡R Zvi H w`‡bi wkÿY cvi`wk©Zv w`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv myweavRbK mg‡q ch©v‡jvPbv ev we‡kølY Ki‡eb Ges wb‡Ri mvdj¨ ev ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ wPwýZ Ki‡eb|wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i GB cÖqvm wb‡R‡`i wkÿY cvi`wk©Zvi DrKl© mva‡bi wbqvgK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| AbywPšÍ‡b Avgiv we‡kl K‡i wb‡Pi w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kie :
(i) wb‡Ri wkÿY cvi`wk©Zv ch©v‡jvPbvwkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ A_©vr cvV †NvlYv †_‡K P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb ch©šÍ wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avwg †kªwYK‡ÿ hv hv K‡iwQ Zv g‡b g‡b wPšÍv K‡i †`Le| †mme w`‡Ki ev KvR¸‡jvi Dc‡hvwMZv †Kgb wQj, mgq e¨e¯’vcbv KZUzKz eRvq ivL‡Z †c‡iwQjvg Zv Dcjwä Kie| Avwg wK we‡kl †Kv‡bv c`, cÖZ¨q, Z_¨ ev NUbv eY©bvq cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ewk mgq e¨q K‡iwQ, hvi Rb¨ Zvovûov K‡i Avgv‡K g~j¨vqb †kl Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q? Avgvi †Kvb D`vniY, ZzjbvKiY ev e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY wkÿv_©x‡`i mvejxj Abyave‡bi mnvqK n‡qwQj? †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i eyS‡Z bv cvivi `iæb bxieZv cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q? †m‡ÿ‡Î Avgvi c‡ÿ Kx Kiv m¤¢e wQj A_P Avwg Kwiwb? Avgvi cwiKwíZ KvR wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡b †Kgb Kvh©Ki wQj? Zviv wK H KvR ev KvR¸‡jv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e K‡i‡Q, bvwK Avwg Zv‡`i Zv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡iwQ? Avgvi wdWe¨vK cvV Abyave‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i KZUzKz mnvqZv K‡i‡Q? Avgvi P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb †KŠkj h_vh_ wQj? GiKg cÖkœ Avwg wb‡R‡K wb‡R wR‡Ám K‡i H cvV mswkøó wkLb †kLv‡bvq Avgvi BwZevPK I †bwZevPK w`K¸‡jv wPwýZ Kie|
(ii) wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgwMÖK wkLb cvi`wk©Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Avgvi wkÿY cvi`wk©Zv ch©v‡jvPbv ev we‡køl‡Yi cvkvcvwk Avwg †kªwYK‡ÿi wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgwMÖK cvi`wk©Zv LuywU‡q †`Le| Avgvi wkÿY wkÿv_©x‡`i Kx gv‡bi wkLb AR©b Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Q? Zviv wK mevB Kvw•ÿZ wkLb AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q? ¯^Zš¿ wkÿv_©xi wkLb gvb m‡šÍvlRbK wK bv? mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †Kgb n‡q‡Q? wkL‡bi Kvw•ÿZ gvb AR©‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i f~wgKv wK h_vh_ wQj? axi wkLbMwZ, AwZ †gavex ev we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb wK h_vh_ n‡q‡Q? bv n‡j Avgvi weKí Kx KiYxq wQj? †mwU wK Avwg B”QvK…Zfv‡e Kwiwb? bvwK fyjekZ? Avgvi fvlv wK Zv‡`i mnR‡eva¨ n‡q‡Q? Zv‡`i Ggb we‡kl †Kv‡bv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
188
mgm¨v Av‡Q hv Avgvi †Pv‡L co‡Q bv A_P Zv‡`i wkL‡b cÖfve †dj‡Q? Avgvi †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡R ev K_vq Zviv †ewk mvov w`‡q‡Q? Hfv‡e †kLv‡j Zv‡`i wkLb wK AviI mg„× n‡Zv? Avgvi e¨w³Z¡ ev AvPiY Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wK fxwZcÖ`? Avgv‡K wK AviI eÜzmyjf AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv‡`i wkLb cvi`wk©Zv evov‡Z? †kªwYK‡ÿ †gvUvgywU KZR‡bi wkLb m‡šÍvlRbK gv‡bi? Kviv fv‡jvfv‡e wkL‡Z cv‡iwb e‡j g‡b n‡”Q? Ag‡bv‡hvMx‡`i wK Avwg Gwo‡q †MwQ? GiKg bvbv Avw½‡K cÖkœ K‡i Avwg wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgwMÖK wkLb cvi`wk©Zv ev Zv‡`i wkLb mxgve×Zv Dcjwä Kie|
(iii) bZzb Dcjwäi cÖ‡qvMAvgvi wkÿY cvi`wk©Zvi BwZevPK I †bwZevPK w`K Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZ I mxgve× Dcjwä Kivi ci GB Dcjwäi Av‡jv‡K Avwg cieZ©x K¬v‡mi Rb¨ Avgvi KiYxq wba©viY Kie| GB KiYxq n‡Z cv‡i Avgvi e¨w³ AvPiY ev wkÿY‰kjx (style) ms‡kvabg~jK, cwiKíbv I cÖ¯‘wZ cwigvR©bg~jK, wkÿv_©x‡`i mwµqZv e„w×g~jK ev wkÿY‡K AviI wkÿv_©xevÜe Kivi cÖqvmg~jK| Gi d‡j Avgvi wkÿY `ÿZv I cvi`wk©Zv †hgb evo‡e, †Zgwb wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb AviI mg„× I †UKmB n‡e|cÖ¯‘wZ ce© †_‡K AbywPšÍ‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvß bZzb Dcjwä Ges Zvi Av‡jv‡K cieZ©x wkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mg„× cÖ¯‘wZ-cy‡iv wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvwU GKwU Ae¨vnZ e„Ëxq g‡W‡j Pj‡e| Avgv‡`i e¨w³MZ ev mvsmvwiK cÖ‡qvRb, K¬v‡mi Pvc, †kªwYK‡ÿi mxwgZ my‡hvM-myweav cÖf„wZ GB avivq wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvcvZMÖvn¨ cÖwZeÜK n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e me wKQzi E‡aŸ© Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i †ckvMZ A½xKvi I HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póv‡K ¯’vb w`‡Z cvwi, Zvn‡j eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q fv‡jv cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY I A_©en wkÿY cÖ`v‡b Aek¨B Avgiv mg_© ne|
189
w`b
1
189
w`b
17Awa‡ekb 5
evsjv welqÁvb1. †Kv‡m©i bvg : evsjv welqÁvb †µwWU NÈvÑ4.5 (67.5 NÈv Ges 45 wcwiqW)
2. †Kv‡m©i eY©bv
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvq GKRb wkÿK‡K h_vh_ †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡j Zvi evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ `ÿZv _vKv Avek¨K| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K wW‡cøvgv Bb cÖvBgvwi GWy‡Kk‡bi evsjv welqÁvb †Kvm©wU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †Kv‡m© wKQy Qov, KweZv, †QvUMí, ig¨ Mí, cÖeÜ msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ mgq I ixwZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| hv c‡o evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ wkÿK‡`i AvMÖn I Drmvn m„wó n‡e| G mg¯Í iPbv Aa¨qb K‡i wkÿv_©xiv mvwn‡Z¨i fvlvÁvb I fvee¯‘‡Z cÖvwYZ n‡eb| GQvovI GB cÖwkÿ‡Y wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv cvV¨eB‡qi Mí, KweZv, QovI g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i covi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q| KviY evsjv cvV¨eB‡qi Mí, KweZv, Qov g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i covi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj wb‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi cÖwkÿY cÖ`vbKv‡j Zv‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi gva¨‡g cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv n‡e|
3. D‡Ïk¨vewj
3.1 cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv welqwfwËK fvlvÁvb e„w×i gva¨‡g wkïi gvZ…fvlv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kiv
3.2 mvwnZ¨‡eva AR©‡bi gva¨‡g wkïi gvZ…fvlvi Ávb weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv
3.3 wkïi fvlv`ÿZv weKv‡k mvwn‡Z¨i cÖfve Dcjwä Kiv
3.4 g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i cÖfve eyS‡Z cviv
3.5 evsjv fvlvq e¨vKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Rvbv I Zvi mwVK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv
3.6 wkï‡`i covi cÖwZ AvMÖn, covi `ÿZv AR©b Ges covi Af¨vm ˆZwi Kiv‡Z wkï‡Zvl eB/mvwnZ¨-Gi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Ki‡Z cviv|
4. wkLb dj
4.1 cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv welqwfwËK fvlvÁv‡bi Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.2 mvwn‡Z¨i iƒc we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.3 wkïi gvZ…fvlv weKv‡k mvwn‡Z¨i f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.4 wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.5 wkïi m„RbkxjZv weKv‡k wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨i Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.6 wkï‡Zvl mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.7 g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
190
4.8 evsjv fvlv wkL‡b e¨vKi‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv Abyaveb Ki‡Z Ges Zvi mwVK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
4.9 wkï‡`i eB covi cÖwZ AvMÖnx Ges cvVvf¨vm M‡o Zzj‡Z cwiwgZmsL¨K wkï‡Zvl eB ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb
evsjv welqÁvb : Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv
†ÿÎ †jLK welqe¯‘ †hŠw³KZv/gšÍe¨
wkï‡Zvl Mí, Qov I KweZv
wkï‡Zvl Mí, Qov I KweZv 1. wkï‡Zvl Mí, Qov I KweZvi K_v
1. evK¨wenxb Qwe‡Z Mí
2 . k ã / e v ‡ K ¨ i cybive„wËmn Qwe‡Z Mí
3. AbycÖvmÑaŸwbmvg¨hy³ Qov/KweZv/Mí
(wkï‡Zvl iPbv)
cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv `ÿZvi Rb¨ Abykxjb|
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 2. †evKv evbi, †evZ‡j Bu`yi Qvbv (cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 2. †mvbvgwY (cÖvK/cÖ_g †kªwYi Rb¨)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 4. eQi Ny‡i †`Lv (wØZxq †kªwYi Rb¨)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 5. eywoi msmvi (wnRj we‡j GKw`b|) (Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rb¨)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 6. cvnvocyi (ˆ`Z¨cÖRvcwZ)(PZz_© †kÖwYi Rb¨)
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi cÖKvwkZ 7. h`y gv÷vi (cÂg †kÖwYi )
D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix 8. `ytLxivg (iƒcK_vkªqx Mí)
Abœ`vk¼i ivq 9. wPwoqvLvbvi Lei (Qov)
myKzgvi ivq 10. LvB LvB (KweZv)
KweZv gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë 12. e½fvlv AbycÖvmÑaŸwbmvg¨hy³ I aŸwbcÖavb KweZv (¯^‡`k, gyw³hy×, cÖK„wZ, †cÖg, †`kvZ¥‡eva BZ¨vw`)| †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv `ÿZv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Ave„wË, Awfbq I cVb Abykxj‡b mnvqK n‡e|
iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi 13. mvgvb¨ ÿwZ
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë 14. `~‡ii cvjøv
KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg 15. we‡`ªvnx (ms‡ÿwcZ)
Rmxg D`&`xb 16. cÖwZ`vb
Rxebvb›` `vk 17. evsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ
kvgmyi ivngvb 18. †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨
evsjv welqÁvb
191
Mí, †QvUMí,
ig¨
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 19. †ZvZv-Kvwnwb wkÿKMY AvZ¥-Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï wkÿ‡Y Zv‡`i mvwnZ¨Ávb I AwR©Z fvlv‡eva e¨envi Ki‡eb, G j‡ÿ¨ m„Rbkxj iPbv cvV I Abykxjb Ki‡eb|
wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 20/21.cuyBgvPv
ebdzj 22. wbgMvQ
cÖeÜ/ wbeÜ : gyw³hy×, gnr e¨w³, mgvRÑ
ms¯‹…wZ
ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx 23/24. Kveyj hvÎv (msKwjZ)
mywbg©j emy 25. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Rxebx
†eMg †iv‡Kqv 26/27. Aa©v½x
GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi wPwV 28. GKvˇii wPwV
bvUK myKzgvi ivq 29. AevK Rjcvb wkÿKMY AvZ¥-Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï wkÿ‡Y we‡kl K‡i †kvbv, ejv, ï× D”Pvi‡Y cov I f~wgKvwfb‡q Zv‡`i AaxZ bvU¨Ávb I AwR©Z bvU¨‡KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡eb|
gybxi †PŠayix 30/31. Kei
192
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
17
evsjv wkÿY weÁvb1. †Kv‡m©i bvg : evsjv wkÿY weÁvb †µwWU NÈv 4 (60 NÈv Ges 40 wcwiqW)
2. †Kv‡m©i eY©bv
G †Kvm©wU wW‡cøvgv-Bb-GWz‡Kk‡b Aa¨qbiZ wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kvm©wU mdjfv‡‡e mgvcb K‡i wkÿv_©xiv cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Í‡ii †kªwYmg~‡n wk¶K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| G †Kv‡m©i AvIZvq wkÿv_©xiv wba©vwiZ wk¶K‡hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K †kÖwYK‡ÿ c„_KgvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkï‡`i wPwýZ I Zv‡`i ^Zš¿ wkLb Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i mgq e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g mwµq wkLb †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mg_© n‡eb| e¯‘Z, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi gvZ…fvlv evsjv welq †kªwYK‡ÿ Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj `ÿZv e„w× KivB G †Kv‡m©i mywbw`©ó j¶¨|
3. D‡Ïk¨vewj
3.1 RvZxq wkÿvµg Abyhvqx evsjv Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg Rvb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
3.2 evsjv fvlv wkÿv`v‡bi `ÿZv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv
3.3 evsjv fvlvi 4wU `ÿZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj Rvb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
3.4 wkLb †kLv‡bvi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i fvlvi `ÿZv AR©b I mvwnZ¨‡eva m„wó‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z mg_© K‡i †Zvjv
3.5 evsjv wel‡qi mgq e¨e¯’vcbv I †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv Rvb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
3.6 cvVmswkøó cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi, msMÖn, msiÿY I e¨envi †KŠkj Rvb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
3.7 fvlvi `ÿZvwfwËK g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mvg_©¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv
3.8 evsjv wkÿK wn‡m‡e DbœZ `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv
4. wkLb dj
5.1 evsjv wel‡qi Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.2 evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b-Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.3 evsjv fvlvi †kÖwYwfwËK `ÿZv¸‡jv Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.4 evsjv fvlvi †kÖwYwfwËK `ÿZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.5 evsjv fvlvi Ô†kvbvÕ, ÔejvÕ I ÔcovÕ `ÿZv AR©‡bi wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj †R‡b †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
evsjv wkÿY weÁvb
193
5.6 cÖwZwU wkïi ÔcovÕ wbwðZKi‡Yi †KŠkj †R‡b †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.7 evsjv fvlvi Ô†jLviÕ `ÿZv AR©‡bi wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj †R‡b Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.8 wkï‡`i Ôm„Rbkxj †jLvqÕ `ÿZv AR©‡bi †KŠkj †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.9 cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿ e¨vKiY wkL‡bi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.10 evsjv wel‡qi avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi †KŠkjmg~n cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.11 evsjv wel‡q wkLb djwfwËK g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.12 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g ¯ÍiwfwËK ˆ`wbK, cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi †KŠkj †kªwYK‡ÿ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.13 cv‡Vi m‡½ cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi, msMÖn, msiÿY I e¨envi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
5.14 cÖ‡qvMgyLx M‡elYv/ †ckvRxex M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (Action/Practitioner Research )
6. welqe¯‘
1. fvlv I gvZ…fvlv
2. wkïi weKvkgvb Rxe‡b gvZ…fvlvi f~wgKv
3. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wk¶vq gvZ…fvlvi ¸iyZ¡
4. evsjv fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb
5. mvÿiZv I aviYvMZ cwieZ©b
6. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLb dj
7. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
8. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK ch©v‡jvPbv
9. eY© I evbvb, wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
10. KweZv, Mí, cÖeÜ, bvUK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
11. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv e¨vKiY, wPwV I iPbv wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
12. gvZ…fvlv wkL‡bi †¶‡Î †kvbv I ejv `¶Zvi f~wgKv
13. †kvbv `¶Zvi ˆewkó¨
14. ejv `¶Zvi ˆewkó¨
15. ejv `¶Zvi Dbœqb
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
194
16. †kvbv I ejv `¶Zvi mgwš^Z weKvk
17. †kvbv I ejv, cov I †jLv `¶Zvi mgwš^Z weKvk
18. cV‡bi ¯^iƒc, ¸iyZ¡ I cVb wkLb
19. cV‡bi ˆewPΨ, mn‡hvwMZvg~jK cvV
20. wb‡`©wkZ cvV (Guided Reading) I ¯^vaxb cvV (Independent Reading)
21. cVb g~j¨vqb (Reading Assessment)
22. cVb I wjLb
23. fvlv `ÿZv : †jLv, wjL‡bi aviYv
24. †jLvi c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ, †jLvi Dc`ÿZv
25. evbvb, nv‡Zi †jLv I weivg wP‡ýi e¨envi
26. m„Rbkxj †jLv, Aby‡”Q` †jLv, †jLvi `ÿZv Dbœqb †KŠkj
27. 1gÑ5g †kÖwY ch©šÍ evsjv fvlvi wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi, msiÿY I e¨envi †KŠkj
28. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv wkLb djwfwËK g~j¨vqb
29. avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g fvlvi `ÿZvwfwËK g~j¨vqb
30. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv wel‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb
welq, †µwWU NÈv, wcwiqW msL¨v (†µwWU NÈv Abyhvqx ) wb‡gœi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv
evsjv
welqÁvb
†µwWU NÈv
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†µwWU NÈv
Abyhvqx)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(¯^wkLb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†gvU)
†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb
(†gvU NÈv)
¯^wkLb (†gvU NÈv)
†gvU mgq (NÈv)
Uvg©-1 1.5 1.5×15= 22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
Uvg©-2 1.5 1.5×15= 22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
Uvg©-3 1.5 1.5×15=22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
evsjv wkÿY weÁvb
195
†gvU 4.5 67.5 45 33 12 45 49.5 18 67.5
evsjv
wk¶Y
weÁvb
†µwWU NÈv
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†µwWU NÈv
Abyh-vqx )
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(¯^wkLb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†gvU)
†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb
(†gvU NÈv)
¯^wkLb (†gvU NÈv)
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
Uvg©-1 2 2×15=30
20 15 5 20 22.5 7.5 30
Uvg©-2 1 1×15=15
10 7 3 10 10.5 4.5 15
Uvg©-3 1 1×15=15
10 7 3 10 10.5 1.5 15
†gvU 4 60 40 29 11 40 43.5 15.5 60
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : GLv‡b Dwjø wLZ, †gvU wcwiqW msL¨v (85) cÖwZUv Uv‡g© mvßvwnKfv‡e weZiY K‡i evwl©K i“wU‡b cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv
evsjv welqÁvb Ges wk¶Y weÁv‡b wjwLZ cix¶vi †gvU b¤^iÑ 80 Ges †gŠwLK cix¶vi b¤^iÑ20| D‡jøL¨ †h, GKRb cix¶v_©xi djvdj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e †Kvm© g~j¨vqb Ges gvb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g| MvVwbK Ges mvgwóK †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î kZKiv 50 b¤^i †c‡j DËxY© wKš‘ kZKiv 50 b¤^‡ii wb‡P †c‡j AbyËxY© n‡e| wk¶K gvb g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x 80% Ges Z`~aŸ© b¤^i †c‡j DËxY© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| Ges Gi wb‡P A_©vr 0-79% †c‡j AbyËxY© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kvm© Ges gvb g~j¨vqb Dfq †¶‡ÎB DËxY© n‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
196
evsjv
(welqÁvb Ges wk¶Y
weÁvb)
cixÿv Ges Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi g~j¨vqb
wcwUAvB KZ©„K
g~j¨vqb (MvVwbK)
†bc KZ©„K g~j¨vqb (mvgwóK)
†gvU b¤^i
1g, 2q Ges 3q Uvg© b¤^i 3q Uvg© b¤^i
√ 80 √ 40 120
wcwUAvB KZ©„K MvVwbK g~j¨vqb (Formative Assessment by PTI)
welqwcwUAvB KZ©„K
g~j¨vqb (MvVwbK)Uvg© msL¨v b¤^i †gvU b¤^i
1. evsjv welqÁvb
2. evsjv wkÿY weÁvb
A¨vKkvb wimvP© 1 15
30×2=60A¨vmvBb‡g›U
1g-3q
1 15
-
197197
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
17
MwYZ welqÁvb1. †Kv‡m©i bvg : MwYZ welqÁvb
2. †µwWU NÈv : 4.5 NÈv †gvU NÈv : 67.5 NÈv
3. †Kv‡m©i eY©bv :
MwYZ n‡jv cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU g~j welq| MwY‡Zi Ávb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi A‡bK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i wPšÍvkw³i D‡b¥l NUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| MvwYwZK Ávb I `ÿZvq mg„× n‡q Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘, mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvmn bvbv wel‡q Mfxi Abyaveb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU e„nËi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZK mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î I GKBfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î MvwYwZK aviYvi e¨envi AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GB †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ Ggbfv‡e web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wkÿv_©xi Ávb I `ÿZv wkÿKmyjf Ges Zv‡`i wPšÍv I †PZbv wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡`i wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wkL‡bi Avb›` wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i MvwYwZK aviYvmg~n cÖ_g wZbwU Uv‡g© wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| MvwYwZK welqe¯‘ cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg †_‡K evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨I wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q, wkÿv_©x‡`i MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘ m¤úwK©Z Ávb mg„× n‡e, ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b MvwYwZK aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges djcÖm~ wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ Kg©Zrci c×wZi e¨env‡i mvg_©¨ n‡e|
4. D‡Ïk¨
(1) ¯úó Abyave‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK-wkÿv_©©xi cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘i aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cviv|
(2) MvwYwZK Ávb I `ÿZv wewfbœfv‡e ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wfbœ wfbœ †ÿ‡Î Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq †m j‡ÿ¨ wkÿK-wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv`vb Kiv|
(3) fwel¨‡Z wkï‡`i mv‡_ MwYZ wkL‡bi Avb›` wewbg‡qi Rb¨ MwYZ m¤ú‡K© wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi wPšÍv I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dbœqb mvab Kiv|
5. wkLb dj : cÖwkÿY †k‡l wkÿK-wkÿv_©xMY
1.1 mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Avwe®‹vi c×wZi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1.2 mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î Avwe®‹vi c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2.1. ÔmsL¨v I MYbvÕi Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gB‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2.2. msL¨vi Ávb I `ÿZv‡K ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1. Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gB‡bi ÔR¨vwgwZ I cwigvcÕwelqK aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.2. wewfbœfv‡e R¨vwgwZ I cwigvc m¤úwK©Z Ávb I `ÿZv e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4.1. Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gB‡bi Ôivwki m¤úK©ÕwelqK aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
198
4.2. wewfbœfv‡e Ôivwki m¤úK©ÕwelqK Ávb I `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ : [ cÖwZwU wel‡qi wkÿY mgq cÖ¯ÍvweZ, hv cieZ©x‡Z mwVKfv‡e wba©viY Kiv hv‡e|]
1g Uvg© (2 †µwWU NÈv = 30 NÈv = 20wU †mkb)
wmwWDj (14 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc wc wc we we wc wc we we wc wc we wc
NÈv - 3 3 2 - - 3 2 - - 3 2 - 2
1. †Kv‡m©i cwiwPwZ (1 †mkb)
1.1. cwiwPwZ (1wU †mkb) : Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gBb Kx? Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gB‡bi wZbwU †kªwYwefvM;
2. mgm¨vi mgvavb ZË¡ (3 †mkb)
2.1. †cvwjqvÕi 4 ¯Íi (1wU †mkb) : mgm¨v mgvavb †Kb Ki‡Z nq? mgm¨v Abyaveb, cwiKíbv Kiv, cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Ges mgvavb cÖwµqv hvPvB Kiv/wd‡i †`Lv|
2.2. mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Avwe®‹vi c×wZ (2wU †mkb) : †Uwej ˆZwi, Abygvb Ges †PwKs, GKwU Qwe A¼b BZ¨vw`|
3. msL¨v I MYbv : (16 †mkb)
3.1. ¯^vfvweK msL¨v (1 †mkb) : msL¨vi BwZnvm, msL¨v cÖZxK I msL¨vmn wewfbœ msL¨v, gvbmsL¨v I µgmsL¨v (KvwW©bvj I AwW©bvj), ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Ges ALÊ msL¨v, †gŠwjK I K…wÎg msL¨v, ¯’vbxq gvb I Zzjbv BZ¨vw`|
3.2. PviwU †gŠwjK wbqg (5wU †mkb) : †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi A_©, ms‡hvM wewa I wewbgq wewa, eÈb wewa, 4wU †gŠwjK wbq‡gi Ici mgm¨v cÖYqb I mgvavb|
3.3 MywYZK I ¸YbxqK (2wU †mkb) : ¸wYZK I j.mv.¸., ¸YbxqK I M.mv.¸., ¸YbxqK I ¸wYZ‡Ki Ici mgm¨v ˆZwi I mgvavb|
3.4 mvaviY fMœvsk (4wU †mkb) : fMœvs‡ki 2wU aviYv, AbycvZ I cwigvY, ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mgvavb I mgm¨v ˆZwi|
3.5 `kwgK fMœvsk (4wU †mkb) : `kwgK fMœvs‡ki A_©, ¯’vbxq gvb, Avmbœ gvb, `kwgK fMœvs‡ki iƒcvšÍi, `kwgK fMœvs‡ki mgm¨vi mgvavb I mgm¨v ˆZwi|
2q Uvg© (1.5 †µwWU NÈv = 22.5 NÈv = 15wU †mkb)
wkwWDj (11 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc we we wc wc wc we we we wc
Gm‡K NÈv 3 2 - - - 3 3 2 - - 2
MwYZ welqÁvb
199
4 cwigvc I R¨vwgwZ (13 †mkb)
4.1 cwigvc (2wU †mkb) : cwigv‡ci †gŠwjK aviYv, †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, IRb I AvqZb cwigvc, cwigvc m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vi mgvavb I mgm¨v ˆZwi|
4.2 mgZjxq wPÎ/†ÿÎ (3wU †mkb) : we›`y, †iLvsk, Zj m¤ú‡K© †gŠwjK aviYv, wewfbœ ai‡bi mgZj †ÿÎ, wÎfy‡Ri wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f` I ˆewkó¨, PZzfy©‡Ri cÖKvi‡f` I ˆewkó¨, e„Ë I e„‡Ëi cwiwa, GKwU mgZjxq wPÎ A¼b, mgZj †ÿÎ m¤úK©xq mgm¨v ˆZwi I mgvavb|
4.3 †ÿÎdj (5wU †mkb) : †ÿÎdj m¤ú‡K© aviYv, wÎfyR, AvqZ‡ÿÎ, mvgšÍwiK I UªvwcwRqvg, AvK…wZi †ÿÎ, e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj cwigvc, mgm¨v cÖYqb I mgm¨vi mgvavb|
4.4 NbK AvK…wZ (3wU †mkb) : wewfbœ ai‡bi NbK AvK…wZi eY©bv, AvqZwbK Nb‡Ki AvqZb Ges c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj, cÖ`Ë kZ©mv‡c‡ÿ NbK ˆZwi|
5 Dc¯’vcb (2 †mkb)
5.1 Kgc‡ÿ GKwU MvwYwZK mgm¨v Ges mgvavbmg~n wewfbœfv‡e wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
3q Uvg© (1 †µwWU NÈv = 15 NÈv = 10 †mkb)
wkwWDj (11 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc we we we we we we wc wc wc
Gm‡K NÈv 4 4 - - - - - - 4 3 -
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
¯‹yj/wcwUAvB wc wc we we we we we we wc wc wc
Gm‡K NÈv 4 4 -- -- -- -- - - 4 3 --
6 ivwki m¤úK© (10 †mkb)
6.1 kZKiv (2wU †mkb) : AbycvZ, mgvbycvZ I kZKivi A_© I e¨envi, kZKiv m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v ˆZwi I mgvavb|
6.2 DcvË Dc¯’vcb (3wU †mkb) : DcvË msMÖn I web¨vm, Dcv‡Ëi Mo, †jLwP‡Î DcvË Dc¯’vcb I we‡kølY, DcvË Dc¯’vcb m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v ˆZwi I mgvavb|
6.3 mgvbycvwZK m¤úK© (5wU †mkb) : cÖZ¨ÿ mgvbycvZx, †Uwe‡j DcvË Dc¯’vcb, m¤úK©mg~n †jLwP‡Î Dc¯’vcb, HwKK wbq‡g mgm¨v mgvavb I mgm¨v cÖYqb|
7 DcKiYvw`
BÝUªvKUiÕm n¨vÛeyK Z_¨cÎ Ges wkÿv DcKiY, cÖv_wgK MwYZ (1-5), PvU©, †cv÷vi KvMR, Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw`|
200
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
17
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb1. †Kv‡m©i bvg : MwYZ wkÿY Ávb
2. †µwWU AvIqvi : 4.5 †µwWU NÈv me©‡gvU N›Uv : 67.5 wkÿY NÈv
3. †Kv‡m©i eY©bv
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK‡`i Rb¨ MwYZ wkÿv`vb GKwU Ab¨Zg RwUj KvR| ¯‹zj Rxe‡b GB MwYZ K¬vm GKB mv‡_ wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡`i GKwU Av‡eMgq I D‡ËRbvc~Y© AwfÁZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM G‡b †`q| evisevi ÔcÖ‡Póv I fzjÕ-Gi ga¨ w`‡q, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i, bxi‡e I GKvKx wPšÍv K‡i Ges eÜy‡`i mv‡_ mgm¨vi mgvavb wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g hLb wkÿv_©xiv †Kv‡bv bZzb aviYv ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c_ Lyu‡R cvq ZLb Zviv wkL‡bi †h eY©bvZxZ Avb›` jvf K‡i Zv Ab¨ wKQz w`‡q c~iY nevi bq| wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi †mB gyû‡Z© wkÿK cwiZ…wßi me©vwaK Avb›` jvf K‡ib|
MwYZ K¬v‡m G ai‡bi cig Avb›` jv‡fi gyûZ© m„wói Rb¨ †Kej MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘ I wkÿv`v‡bi mvaviY Kjv‡KŠkj Rvbv ch©vß bq| GKRb m„wókxj Ôfv‡jv wkÿKÕ‡K Av‡iv †ewk Rvb‡Z n‡e| hw` Avgiv Ggb fv‡jv wkÿK n‡Z PvB whwb K¬v‡m eyw×e„wËK PP©vi gva¨‡g Avb›`Nb cwi‡ek m„wó K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B wkÿvµg m¤úwK©Z Ávb, mywbw`©ó welqwfwËK wkÿY m¤úwK©Z Ávb I `ÿZv, †Kvb& †Kvb& cwi‡e‡k ev †cÖwÿ‡Z ¯^-¯^ wkÿv_©xi Kx ai‡bi wkLb N‡U †m m¤ú‡K© we¯Í…Z Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b _vK‡Z n‡e| D³ mKj welq‡K we‡ePbvq G‡b GB †Kvm©‡K Ggbfv‡e iƒcvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wkÿv_©x-wkÿKMY D³ Áv‡b mg„× n‡q GKRb Ôfv‡jv wkÿKÕ-Gi Rb¨ Ges wkï‡`i Avb›`Nb I D‡ËRbvKi cwi‡e‡k cvV`v‡bi `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM cvb|
wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi 1g wZb Uv‡g© GB †Kvm©wU cov‡bv n‡e, Kg©gyLx M‡elYv (Action Research) Ges cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Gi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| ZvQvov wkÿv_©x-wkÿKMY e¨envwiK Ávb I `ÿZv AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q MwYZ wkÿ‡Y AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hv‡”Q|
4. D‡Ïk¨
1. eZ©gvb MwYZ wkÿvµ‡gi mv‡_ MvwYwZK aviYvi Mfxi m¤úK© eyS‡Z wkÿv_©x-wkÿK‡K mnvqZv Kiv|
2. MwYZ cv‡V cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi ¯^Zš¿-wkLb ˆewkó¨ Ges wkLb cÖwµqvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x-wkÿK‡K mywbw`©ó g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z mÿg Kiv|
3. MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘i wkÿY m¤úwK©Z wkÿv_©x-wkÿ‡Ki Ávb‡K mg„× Kiv, hv‡Z Zviv MwY‡Zi wewfbœ welqe¯‘i wkÿ‡Y wewea c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. wkïi MwYZwelqK †evaMg¨Zv‡K g~j¨vqb (hvPvB) Kivi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x-wkÿ‡Ki Ávb I `ÿZv‡K mg„× Kiv|
5. mgm¨v mgvavbg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvq wkÿv_©x-wkÿK‡K Kg©gyLx M‡elYv (Action Research) cwiPvjbvq mÿg K‡i †Zvjv|
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb
201
6. wkÿv_©x-wkÿK‡K †hŠ_fv‡e cvV M‡elYv/Aa¨qb (Lesson Study)-Gi gva¨‡g MwY‡Zi cvV Dbœq‡b cvi`k©x Kiv|
7. we`¨vj‡q MwYZ wkÿvq GKRb fv‡jv wkÿ‡Ki b¨vq KvR Kivi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x-wkÿ‡Ki `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dbœqb NUv‡bv|
5. wkLb dj
GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l wkÿv_©x-wkÿKMY
1.1 MwYZ wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ej‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1.2 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1.3 MvwYwZK aviYvmg~n wewfbœ †Wv‡gB‡b weKvk Ges G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2.1 MwYZ wkÿ‡Y g‡bv‰eÁvwbK Dbœqbg~jK aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2.2 MwY‡Z hvwš¿K (Instrumental) Ges m¤úK©g~jK (Relational) Dcjwäi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1 wkïi wkLb hvPvB cÖwµqvmg~‡ni e¨envi I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4.1 MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I KvwiKyjv‡gi †hŠw³K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5.1 MwY‡Zi mvaviY aviYvmg~n Kxfv‡e msL¨v I MYbv wkL‡b wkï‡`i mnvqZv K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5.2 msL¨v I MYbvi †Wv‡gB‡bi welqe¯‘ wkÿv`v‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6.1 R¨vwgwZ I cwigvc †Wv‡gB‡bi welqe¯‘ wkÿv`v‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
7.1 ivwkmg~‡ni m¤úK© †Wv‡gB‡bi welqe¯‘ wkÿv`v‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
8.1 A¨vKkb wimvP© cÖ‡R±-Gi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
9.1 A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i djvdj we‡kølY I mvi-ms‡ÿc ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10.1 Aa¨v‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ wkÿY cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10.2 cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb cÖwµqvi KvRmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10.3 gvbm¤§Z cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10.4 AYywk¶Y (Micro teachig)-Gi gva¨g wk¶v`v‡bi `¶Zv e„w× Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
10.5 GKR‡bi cvV Dbœq‡b K‡qKRb †hŠ_fv‡e KvR Kivi f~wgKv (Collaborative Work power) e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
202
11.1 civeZ©b (Reflection) Ges †hŠ_fv‡e (Collaboration) KvR Kivi gva¨‡g gvbm¤§Z cvV cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. †Kv‡m©i welqe¯Íy
1g Uvg© (1.5 †µwWU AvIqvi = 22.5 N›Uv = 10 †mkb)
wkwWDj/Kvh©µg (14 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc wc wc we we wc wc we we wc wc we wc
NÈv - 2 2 2 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - 0
1. MwYZ wkÿvµg : 3 †mkb
1.1 jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ (1wU †mkb)
• MwYZ wkÿv Kx I †Kb?; we‡k¦ I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k I evsjv‡`‡k MwYZ wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨;
1.2 wkÿvµg (1wU †mkb)
• cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµ‡gi ˆewkó¨ I D‡Ïk¨; we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wn‡m‡e GB D‡Ïk¨mg~n †Kb Ges Kxfv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e?
• cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµ‡gi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv Ges †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges wkLb djmg~‡ni †hŠw³K Abyaveb|
1.3 aviYvMZ m¤úK© (Conceptual Relationships) : 1wU †mkb
• Kb‡U›U †Wv‡gB‡bi aviYv; evsjv‡`‡ki MwYZ wkÿvµ‡gi wZbwU †Wv‡gB‡bi KviY
• MvwYwZK Kb‡mÞmg~‡ni g‡a¨ m¤úK©
• cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµ‡g MvwYwZK aviYvmg~‡ni Dbœqb cÖwµqv
2. wkÿv_©x Ges Zv‡`i wkLb Abyaveb : (3 †mkb)
2.1 g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Z we‡ePbv (2wU †mkb)
• Ru¨v wcuqv‡RÕi g‡bv‰eÁvwbK weKvk; wkïi Pvi ¯Í‡ii weKvk ZË¡; MwYZ wkÿv`v‡b GB aviYv Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
• †jf wfMUw¯‹Õi g‡bv‰eÁvwbK weKvk; Zone of Proximal Development ZË¡; MwYZ wkÿv`v‡b Kxfv‡e GB aviYvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
2.2 hvwš¿K Abyaveb (1wU †mkb)
• hvwš¿K Abyaveb Ges m¤úK©MZ Abyaveb Kx?; G‡`i D`vniYmg~n
• Kxfv‡e Avgiv Avgv‡`i Ges wkÿv_©xi m¤úK©MZ Abyave‡bi Dbœqb NUv‡Z cvwi?
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb
203
3. wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wkLb hvPvB (2 †mkb)
3.1 wkÿv_©xi wkLb hvPvB‡qi c×wZmg~n (2wU †mkb)
• †hvM I we‡qvM cÖwµqvi Dbœqb we‡kølY †kªwYKiY
• MvwYwZK fvlvwfwËK mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvi fzj we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ wbDg¨vb c×wZ
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ GKv‡WwgK mv‡cvU© cÖ`v‡bi wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii mvov : Kx ai‡bi fzj-åvwšÍi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb?
4. wkÿv_©xi MwYZ wkLb hvPvB : (2 †mkb)
4.1 eZ©gvb wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZi †hŠw³K we‡kølY (2wU †mkb)
• 1g Uv‡g© hv †kLv n‡q‡Q Zvi wfwˇZ Ges RvBKv mv‡cvU© †cÖvMªv‡gi cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Av‡jv‡K MwY‡Zi wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZi †hŠw³K we‡kølY
• GB Ávb GKR‡bi wkÿv`v‡b Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
2q Uvg© (1.5 †µwWU AvIqvi = 22.5 NÈv = 15 †mkb)
wkwWDj (11 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc we we wc wc wc we we we wc
NÈv 3 3 - - 3 2 3 - - - 1
5. msL¨v Ges MYbv wkÿv`vb : 10 (†mkb)
5.1 cÖvK-cÖv_wgK MwYZ : (3wU †mkb)
• cÖvK-MwYZ Kvh©vewj : Zzjbv
• msL¨vi aviYv : 1 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ
• ev¯Íe I Aa©-ev¯Íe DcKiY Øviv †hvM I we‡qvM wkÿv`vb
5.2 msL¨vi aviYv (1wU †mkb)
• `‡ki aviYv : 1g †kªwY
• ¯’vbxq gvb : 2q †kªwY
5.3 †hvM I we‡qvM (1wU †mkb)
• nv‡Z †i‡L †hvM : 2q †kªwY
• nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM : 2q †kªwY
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
204
5.4 ¸Y I fvM (1wU †mkb)
• ¸‡Yi aviYv : 2q †kªwY
• fv‡Mi aviYv : 2q †kªwY
5.5 ¸wYZK I ¸YbxqK (1wU †mkb)
• jmv¸Õi aviYv : 4_© †kªwY
• Mmv¸Õi aviYv : 4_© †kªwY
5.6 fMœvsk (2wU †mkb)
y fMœvs‡ki ¸‡Yi aviYv : 4_© †kªwY• fMœvs‡ki fv‡Mi aviYv : 4_© †kªwY
5.7 `kwgK fMœvsk (1wU †mkb)
• `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¸‡Yi aviYv : 5g †kªwY
6. cwigvc I R¨vwgwZ wkÿv`vb : (6 †mkb)
6.1 cwigvc (1wU †mkb)
• ˆ`N©¨ cwiwPwZ (wgUvi, †mw›UwgUvi Ges wgwjwgUvi) : 2q †kªwY
• IRb cwiwPwZ (MÖvg I wK‡jvMÖvg), AvqZ‡b GKB c×wZi cÖ‡qvMmn : 2q †kªwY
6.2 wÎfzR (1wU †mkb)
y wÎfz‡Ri ˆewkó¨ (wÎfz‡Ri AšÍM©Z †KvY¸‡jvi mgwó 180 wWwMÖ, `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wgj‡b GKwU AvqZ m„wó nq, BZ¨vw`) : 4_© †kªwY
6.3 AvqZ (2wU NÈv)
• eM© I Avq‡Zi ˆewkó¨ : 5g †kªwY
• mvgvšÍwi‡Ki ˆewkó¨ : 5g †kªwY
6.4 †ÿÎdj (2wU †mkb)
• m~²‡KvYx, mg‡KvYx I ¯’’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj : 5g †kªwY
• wewfbœ cš’vq wewfbœ AvKvi-AvK„wZi †ÿÎdj †ei Kiv : 5g †kªwY
3q Uvg© (1.5 †µwWU NÈv = 22.5 NÈv = 15 †mkb)
wkwWDj (11 mßvn)
mßvn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
we`¨vjq/wcwUAvB wc wc we we we we we we wc wc wc
NÈv 3 3 - - - - - - 3 3 3
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb
205
7. cwigvYMZ m¤úK© wkÿv`vb : 6 †mkb
7.1 kZKiv (3wU †mkb)
• Abycv‡Zi mv‡_ kZKiv m¤úwK©Z aviYvi cwiwPwZ : 5g †kªwY
• HwKK wbq‡g e¨envi K‡i mij my‡`i mgm¨v mgvavb : 5g †kªwY
• ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi kZKiv wnmvemsµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb : 5g †kªwY
7.2 DcvË Dc¯’vcb (3wU †mkb)
y mncvVx‡`i †_‡K cÖK…Z DcvË msMÖn K‡i Zv †Uwe‡ji gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb : 4_© †kªwY
y msM„nxZ DcvˇK MÖv‡di gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv : 5g †kªwY
y MÖv‡di gva¨‡g Z_¨ we‡kølY : 5g †kªwY 8. †Km ÷vwW: A¨vKkb wimvP© cÖ‡R± : (4 †mkb)
8.1. A¨vKkb wePvh© Kx? †Kb? Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq? wewfbœ g‡Wj ˆewkó¨, DcKvix, c×wZ m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv`vb|
8.2. A¨vKkb wimvP© cÖ‡R±-Gi Rb¨ wk‡ivbvg wba©viY Ges `‡j cÖ¯Ívebv ˆZwi (2wU †mkb)
y GKwU welq/mgm¨v wbe©vPb Kiv, hv A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i gva¨‡g mgvavb Kiv hv‡e; we`¨vj‡q A¨vKkb
wimvP© cwiPvjbvi cwiKíbv I †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv; A¨vKkb wimvP© cÖ‡R± hvPvB‡qi gvb`‡Êi e¨vL¨v
cÖ`vb; wimv‡P©i djvd‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi I Dc¯’vc‡bi wkwWDj wbwðZKiY| 8.3. A¨vKkb wimvP©© cÖ‡R±-Gi djvdj Dc¯’vcb (2wU †mkb)
y A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i djvdj ˆZwi I cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv`vb9. cvV cwiKíbv (Lesson Plan) cÖYqb : (4 †mkb)
7.1 cÖ¯‘wZ (1 †mkb)
7.2
y cvV cwiKíbv Kx I †Kb? cvV cwiKíbv, BDwbU c vV, MwYZ cvV cwiKíbvq †Kvb †Kvb welq¸‡jv
we‡ePbvq wb‡Z nq; GKwU Aa¨v‡qi wk¶‡Yi Rb¨ BDwbU cwiKíbv ˆZwii ¸iæZ¡; cÖ¯‘wZ-Dc¯’vcb|
y MwYZ cvV g~j¨vq‡bi gvb`Ê (Assessment criteria), RvBKv mv‡cvU© †cÖvMÖv‡gi i“weªK (Rubric)
e¨envi K‡i; wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwii wb‡`©kbv (D`vniYmn) 7.3 cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi (2wU †mkb)
y Aa¨vq wbe©vPb Ges H Aa¨v‡qi wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ BDwbU cwiKíbv ˆZwi (`jxq KvR);
y GKKfv‡e cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi
y GKR‡bi cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbvi Ici `jxqfv‡e Av‡jvPbv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
206
7.4 Abywk¶Y (Microteaching) (1 †mkb)
y wbw`©ó `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cvV`vb Kiv †h †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi| mK‡j wg‡j cÖ`Ë gvb`‡Êi wfwˇZ cv‡Vi AwaKZi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
10. Abykxjb cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ : 5 †mkb
10.1 hvPvB Afxÿv ˆZwii Abykxjb (3wU †mkb)
y hvPvB Afxÿv ˆZwii mgq we‡eP¨ welqmg~‡ni D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v; Kx Rb¨ hvPvB (MvVwbK I mvgwóK); Kx hvPvB Ki‡e (welqe¯‘i †Wv‡gBb, Áv‡bi †Wv‡gBb, Ávbg~jK cÖwµqv); Kx Afxÿv wbe©vPb Ki‡e?
y hvPvB Afxÿv ˆZwii Abykxjb Ges Zv `‡j Av‡jvPbv y cÖ¯‘ZK…Z hvPvB AfxÿvcÎ Dc¯’vcb; mg¯Í K¬v‡m GB hvPvB Afxÿvi mwVKZv wb‡q †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbv
10.2 cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwii Abykxjb (2wU †mkb)
y D³ 9 bs-Gi wkLb cÖwµqvi Av‡jv‡K Kgc‡ÿ 2wU cvV cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv (†h¸‡jv cieZ©x‡Z Abykxjb cv‡V e¨envi Kiv hv‡e)|
y c~‡e©i 3wU Uv‡g© GKR‡bi cwieZ©b ch©‡e¶Y : 1) MwY‡Zi cÖwZ Zvi `„wófw½, 2) MwY‡Zi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj‡Z Zvi g‡bvfve I g~j¨‡eva Ges 3) MwY‡Zi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj‡Z Zvi DØy× nIqvi cÖ‡Póv I cÖwk¶Y (4) fyj-ΓwU ms‡kvabmn wk¶v`v‡b wdWe¨vK|
y wkÿv_©x-wkÿK‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbg‡qi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evZ©vmg~n : 1) c×wZ/†KŠkj wba©vi‡Yi Av‡M cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkï Kxfv‡e MwYZ †k‡L Zv ch©‡eÿY I we‡kølY Kiv; 2) g‡b ivLv iKvi †h, †Kv‡bv GKwU ev GKK c×wZ ev †KŠkj mKj wkïi wkL‡bi mnvqK bq; 3) †Kv‡bv wedjZvi Rb¨ fq bv †c‡q eis Zv n‡Z †kLvi †Póv Kiv; 4) †hŠw³Kfv‡e we‡kølY K‡iv Zzwg Kx †kLv‡e (welqe¯‘) Ges Kxfv‡e Zzwg †kLv‡e (c×wZ); 5) g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h, Ôh‡_ó (fv‡jv) n‡q‡Q n‡jv A‡cÿvK…Z fv‡jvi kÎæ|Õ
7. g~j¨vqb/hvPvB (Assessment)
welq, †µwWU NÈv, wcwiqW msL¨v (†µwWU NÈv Abyhvqx ) wb‡gœi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ
MwYZ
welqÁvb
†µwWU NÈv
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†µwWU NÈv
Abyhvqx)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(¯^wkLb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†gvU)
†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb
(†gvU NÈv)
¯^wkLb (†gvU NÈv)
†gvU mgq (NÈv)
Uvg©-1 2 2×15= 30 20 15 5 20 22.5 7.5 30
Uvg©-2 1.5 1.5×15= 22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb
207
Uvg©-3 1 1×15=15 10 7 3 10 10.5 4.5 15
†gvU 4.5 67.5 45 33 12 45 49.5 18 67.5
MwYZ
wk¶Y
weÁvb
†µwWU NÈv
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†µwWU NÈv
Abyh-vqx )
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(¯^wkLb)
wcwiqW msL¨v
(†gvU)
†kªwYK‡ÿ Abykxjb
(†gvU NÈv)
¯^wkLb (†gvU NÈv)
†gvU mgq
(NÈv)
Uvg©-1 1.5 1.5×15=22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
Uvg©-2 1.5 1.5×15= 22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
Uvg©-3 1.5 1.5×15=22.5
15 11 4 15 16.5 6 22.5
†gvU 4.5 67.5 45 33 12 45 49.5 18 67.5
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : GLv‡b DwjøwLZ †gvU wcwiqW msL¨v (90) cÖwZUv Uv‡g© mvßvwnKfv‡e weZiY K‡i evwl©K i“wU‡b cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv
MwYZ welqÁvb Ges wk¶Y weÁv‡b wjwLZ cix¶vi †gvU b¤^iÑ80 Ges †gŠwLK cix¶viÑ20| D‡jø L¨ †h, GKRb cix¶v_©xi djvdj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e †Kvm© g~j¨vqb Ges gvb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g| MvVwbK Ges mvgwóK †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î kZKiv 50 b¤^i †c‡j DËxY© wKš‘ kZKiv 50 b¤^‡ii wb‡P †c‡j AbyËxY© n‡e| wk¶K gvb g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x 80% Ges Z`~aŸ© b¤^i †c‡j DËxY© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| Ges Gi wb‡P A_©vr 0-79% †c‡j AbyËxY© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kvm© Ges gvb g~j¨vqb Dfq †¶‡ÎB DËxY© n‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
208
MwYZ
(welqÁvb Ges wk¶Y
weÁvb)
cixÿv Ges Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi g~j¨vqb
wcwUAvB KZ©„K
g~j¨vqb (MvVwbK)
†bc KZ©„K g~j¨vqb (mvgwóK)
†gvU b¤^i
1g, 2q Ges 3q Uvg© b¤^i 3q Uvg© b¤^i
√ 80 √ 40 120
wcwUAvB KZ©„K MvVwbK g~j¨vqb (Formative Assessment by PTI)
welq wcwUAvB KZ©„K
g~j¨vqb (MvVwbK)
Uvg© msL¨v b¤^i †gvU b¤^i
1. MwYZ welqÁvb
2. MwYZ wkÿY weÁvb
cvV mgxÿv 1 15 30×2=60
1g-3q
1
A¨mvBb‡g›U - 15
8. DcKiYvw`
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii MwYZ cvV¨eB (1g-5g †kªwY) RvBKv mv‡cvU© †cÖvMªv‡gi MwYZ cvV mgxÿvi wiDweªK ev gvb`Ê, A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i cÖ‡R± hvPvB‡qi gvb`Ê, †cv÷vi KvMR I gvK©vi Kjg mvgMÖx|
209209
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
18
†g›Uwis (Mentoring)
f~wgKv : †g›Uwis Gi gva¨‡g Nwbô ZË¡veavb Øviv e¨w³i †ckvMZ Dbœqb N‡U| mvaviYZ bZzb wkÿv_©x wkÿK/wkÿv_©x (young teacher/begining teacher/learner) A_ev bZzb †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î †g›Uwis Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| Kg©‡ÿ‡Î A_ev †Kv‡bv wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e bZzb cÖ‡e‡ki ci Zviv Kv‡iv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡Z Pvq, †m‡ÿ‡Î †g›Uwis Kvh©µg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| †g›Uwis Kvh©µ‡g wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡K ejv nq †g›Ui| †g›Ui wn‡m‡e wkÿK/cÖwkÿK/cÖwZôvb cÖavb/cÖwZôv‡bi AwfÁ †g›Uwis Gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
†g›Uwis Kvh©µ‡gi GKwU msÁv wb‡gœ †`Iqv n‡jv :
†g›Uwis n‡”Q-A system of using people with a lot of experience, knowledge etc, to advise other people at work, or in their professional life.
†g›Uwis Gi D‡Ïk¨ :
¾ wkÿv_©x/e¨w³i Av‡Z¥vcjwä I AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w× Kiv ¾ BwZevPK m¤úK© Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv ¾ S‡i cov †iva Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv ¾ wkÿv_©x/e¨w³i †fZ‡i m¤¢vebvi w`K D‡b¥vwPZ Kiv ¾ AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K cieZ©x‡Z wkÿv_©x/e¨w³/mgvR Ges Ab¨‡`i cÖwZ `vwqZ¡‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv|
†g›Ui †K?
¾ †g›Ui n‡eb wZwb, whwb AwaK `ÿ I AwfÁZvm¤úbœ Ges hvi AwfÁZv A‡b¨i ms‡½ fvM K‡i †bIqvi gvbwmKZv Av‡Q|
¾ †g›Ui wZwb, whwb ¯^í AwfÁZvm¤úbœ‡`i gv‡S mn‡hvMx g‡bvfve wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| (Mentor- An experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person.)
†g›Ui Gi ¸Yvewj:
¾ ˆah©kxj ¾ Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖnx ¾ wek¦vmx ¾ `vwqZ¡kxj ¾ `ªæZ mvov w`‡Z mÿg ¾ AwffveKmyjf ¾ wek¦¯Í eÜz
†g›U‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv:
†g›Uwis Gi gva¨‡g GKv‡WwgK/cÖvwZôvwbK mn‡hvwMZv, †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi my‡hvM, bZzb wkÿv_©x/e¨w³i gv‡S wg_w¯Œqv, mvgvwRK mn‡hvwMZvi †ÿÎ wbY©q Ges e¨w³MZ Dbœqb N‡U, hv e¨w³i ¯^xq g‡bvej `„p K‡i|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
210
†ckvMZ †ÿ‡Î Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ civgk© `vb (Mentoring)
†Kv‡bv †ckvq †hvM`v‡bi ci bZzb GKRb PvKzwiRxexi (†hgb-GKRb wkÿK) wewfbœ ai‡bi mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb nq| bZzb †Kv‡bv †ckv m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ Zvi GKRb weÁ civgk©‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Ávb, `ÿZv (Abykxjb) I `„wófw½i Kvw•ÿZ Dbœqb mvab BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mnvqZv jvf Avek¨K nq| Gi d‡j D³ †ckvq †hvM`vbKvix e¨w³i †hgb †ckv m¤ú‡K© BwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei m„wó nq, Avevi †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKwU Dchy³ cwi‡e‡kiI m„wó nq| G ai‡bi Kv‡Ri mvwe©K cÖwZdjb N‡U mswkøó ms¯’vi mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡b, †hgb-cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡q GKRb bZzb wkÿK hw` GKRb AwfÁ I weÁ wkÿ‡Ki wbKU †_‡K mswkøó †ckv m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ wel‡q †hgb wkÿvµg, welqÁvb, wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv, g~j¨vqb, we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek msiÿY BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ aviYv jvf K‡ib Ges D³ welq¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î h_vh_ civgk© jvf K‡ib Zvn‡j bZzb wkÿK mn‡RB Ges ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨B GKRb mdj wkÿK n‡q M‡o DV‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡e we`¨vjqwU GKwU Av`k© wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z †hvM`vbKvix wkÿv_©x Zvi †Kv‡m©i ïiæ †_‡KB wbw`©ó cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wcwUAvB‡Z jä Áv‡bi Abykxjb K‡i _v‡Kb| DwjøwLZ cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi weÁ wkÿK hw` Zv‡K †kªwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR m¤ú‡K© aviYv I `ÿZv jv‡f mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib Zvn‡j D³ wkÿv_©x GKw`‡K †hgb cvi`k©x wkÿK n‡q DV‡eb, Ab¨w`‡K G †ckvi cÖwZ Zvi BwZevPK `„wófw½ m~wPZ n‡e|
wkÿv_©x Ges civgk©‡Ki m¤úK© :
weÁ civgk©K Ges wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ Dò eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© weivRgvb _vKv DwPZ| we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK G welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡eb| hw` civgk©K wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ Kvw•ÿZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb bv _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î civgk©K‡K welqwU m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev Ab¨ GKRb civgk©K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
civgk©`v‡bi mgq, ¯’vb Ges welqe¯‘ :
weÁ civgk©K Ges wkÿv_©x wgwjZ nIqvi Rb¨ mgq I ¯’vb c~‡e©B wba©viY K‡i †b‡eb| †m Rb¨ c~‡e©B GKwU cwiKíbv ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| mßv‡n `yB w`b A_ev mßv‡n Kgc‡ÿ GK w`b wgwjZ n‡Z n‡e| ¯’vb I mg‡qi g‡Zv welqe¯‘I c~‡e©B wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_©xI Reflective Diary †Z Giƒc Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ n‡Z cv‡i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkÿvµg Ges cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘, we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek Ges Zvi Dbœqb, †kªwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR Ges Gi Dbœqb I mgm¨vw`, miKvwi PvKzwii wewfbœ wewa h_v-miKvwi QzwU wewa, PvKzwi wewa, k„•Ljv wewa BZ¨vw`|
†ckv Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †g›Uwis Gi mydjmg~n :
weÁ civgk©K wn‡m‡e GKRb AwfÁ wkÿK wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv, aviYv cÖ`vb Ges `ÿZv cÖ`k©‡bi (Demonostration) gva¨‡g Zvi wbR¯^ g~j¨vqb, Ávb, AwfÁZv, Dcjwä I AšÍ`©„wó Ges `ÿZv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j D³ wkÿv_©x ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ wkÿKZvi †ÿ‡Î AvZ¥wek¦vmx Ges AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib| wkÿv_x© Zvi †ckv m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv cwi®‹vi aviYv cvIqvi gva¨‡g ^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e gy³ wkLb jv‡f AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j wZwb †hgb wkÿKZv †ckvq K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi iv‡L‡Z cv‡ib, Ab¨w`‡K Zvi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q GKwU †gavex wkÿK †Mvôx m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvgwMÖK dj n‡Z cv‡i wkï wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡bi gvb m‡ev©”P ch©v‡q e„w× cvIqv| GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Dchy³ m¤§vb I gh©v`v cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î †g›Uwis cÖwµqv Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
211
†g›Uwis (Mentoring)
†g›Uwis Kivi †ÿ‡Î K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †KŠkj :
1. BwZevPK g‡bvfve : wkÿv_©x‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †h †Kv‡bv P¨v‡j‡Äi †gvKv‡ejv Kivi gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e| Gi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRb A‡b¨i gZvgZ MÖnY Kivi †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK gvbwmKZv|
2. g~j¨‡eva m„wó : wkÿv_x©‡K Ggbfv‡e Drmvn w`b, hv‡Z †m wkÿKZv‡K GKwU AZ¨šÍ m¤§vbRbK †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wkÿK‡`i g~j¨‡eva n‡Z n‡e AZ¨šÍ D”P ch©v‡qi|
3. gy³ gvbwmKZv : wkÿv_x©‡K Giƒc aviYv w`b †h, †h †Kv‡bv bZzb aviYv hw` †hŠw³K nq Z‡e Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM : wkÿv_©x‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †kvbvi Af¨vm M‡o Zzj‡Z ejyb Ges †h †Kv‡bv welq Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖkœ Ki‡Z ejyb|
5. Avwe®‹vi : wkÿv_©x‡K wPšÍv Kivi Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Drmvn w`b|
6. AvZ¥wek¦vm : wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ AvZ¥wek¦vm M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wewfbœfv‡e mnvqZv w`b|
7. AvZ¥m‡PZbZv : GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Ab¨Zg iæZ¡c~Y© vwqZ¡ n‡jv wb‡Ri cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKv| †hgb-†h †Kv‡bv mgm¨v‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Zv mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| A_ev weKí †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. AvšÍtm¤úK© eRvq ivLv: wkÿv_©x Ges civgk©‡Ki m¤úK© n‡e AZ¨šÍÍ wek¦vmc~Y© Ges AvšÍwiK| civgk©K‡K n‡Z n‡e mZ¨wbô, hv‡Z Zvi cÖ`Ë gZvgZ m¤ú‡K© †KD cÖkœ DÌvcb Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib|
9. D`viZv‡eva : wkÿv_©x‡K aviYv w`b †h, GKRb wkÿK‡K Aek¨B D`vi n‡Z n‡e| A_v©r †Kv‡bv GKwU welq‡K wewfbœ w`K †_‡K ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gvbwmKZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î m„wókxj : †kªwY‡Z A_ev we`¨vjq cwi‡e‡k †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î D™¢vebxg~jK wPšÍvi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡`i wkÿK gvb Ges †g›Uwis cÖwµqv :
wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi `vwqZ¡cÖvß wkÿK‡K wWwcGW wkÿv_©x‡`i wkÿK gvb AR©‡b gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î mswkøó wkÿv_©xi †kªwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi mswkøó †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi wel‡q gZvgZ w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g `yB Uv‡g© wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó wkÿv_©x‡K ch©vß mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î †g›Uwis welqwU AZ¨šÍ cÖvmw½K| GRb¨ wbgœwjwLZ Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :
1. mswkøó wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ cÖwZ mßv‡n `yB w`b Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZw`b Kgc‡ÿ 30 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ c~‡e©B wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©xi †h †Kv‡bv cÖ‡kœvËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡kœi DËi Qvov mswkøó wel‡q †idv‡iÝ eB cov A_ev G wel‡q ch©vß Z_¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖvmw½K Z_¨m~Î Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
3. cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a wkÿK wb‡R cÖ`k©bx cvV †`Iqvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R cvi`k©x K‡i Zyj‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K wkÿv_©x‡K Abykxjbx cvV`vb †k‡l h_vh_ wdWe¨vK w`‡q Zvi mxgve×Zv m¤ú‡K©
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
212
m‡PZb Ki‡eb| Z‡e me©‡ÿ‡Î Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g h_vh_ `ÿZv AR©‡b mÿg K‡i Zyj‡Z n‡e| mswkøó wkÿv_©xi wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿK ch©‡eÿ‡Yi c~‡e©B welqwU Av‡jvPbv K‡i †b‡eb|
†Km ÷vwW- 01
Rbve †gv. ZvwiKz¾vgvb, cÖavb wkÿK, †Mvcvjcyi miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, gy³vMvQv, gqgbwmsn wZwb we`¨vj‡q 10 eQi hver Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| Zuvi m‡½ 4 Rb mnKvix wkÿKI A‡bK w`b hver KvR Ki‡Qb| wZwb B‡Zvg‡a¨ SMT, SMC, Bs‡iwR I evsjv wel‡q cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| mnKvix wkÿKMYI welqw-fwËK cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb we`¨vjq mswkøó Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ `ÿZvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wkÿK‡`i cvV`vb Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY K‡ib Ges mgq-my‡hv‡M †kÖwY cvV`vb weiwZi mgq wg_w¯Œqvi (Interection) gva¨‡g djveZ©b †`b| mnKvix wkÿKMY GwU‡K BwZevPK wn‡m‡e †bb| wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g wkÿK‡`i †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i cvkvcvwk wkÿvi ¸YMZ gvb µgvMZ DbœwZ n‡”Q| wZwb mnKg©x‡`i m‡½ mnvqK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| we`¨vjq Ges we`¨vjq GjvKvq cÖavb I mnKvix wkÿK‡`i fv‡jv wkÿK wn‡m‡e mybvg i‡q‡Q| we`¨vj‡qi djI Lye fv‡jv| B‡Zvg‡a¨ dviRvbv nK bv‡g GKRb bZzb wkÿK †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q| cÖavb I mnKvix wkÿKMY Zv‡K my¯^vMZ Rvbv‡jb| mevB e‡m ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv I Kzkj wewbgq Ki‡jb| bevMZ wkÿK we`¨vj‡qi eZ©gvb wkÿK‡`i Rvbv‡jb †h, ÔAvwg bZzb †hvM`vb K‡iwQ| BwZc~‡e© Avwg †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cvV`vb Kwi bvB, Af¨¯Í bB I †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwfÁZvI †bB| G wel‡q LyeB DwØMœ Ges weeªZ‡eva KiwQ|Õ Dcw¯’Z wkÿKMY Zuv‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡jb Ges G e¨vcv‡i ch©vß mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi K_v Rvbv‡jb| bevMZ wkÿK evwo‡Z wd‡i †M‡jb, ¯‹z‡j Kg©iZ wkÿK‡`i K_vq mš‘ó n‡jI wZwb wPšÍvq c‡o †M‡jb KviY cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi I cvV`vb cwiPvjbvi wel‡q †Kv‡bv iK‡gi AvZ¥wek¦vm Zuvi †bB| GgbwK cvV¨eB‡Z Kx Av‡Q ZvI wZwb Rv‡b bv| Kv‡RB iv‡Z Zuvi Nyg nqwb|
ciw`b bevMZ wkÿK fvivµvšÍ g‡b we`¨vj‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| Zuvi G Ae¯’v †`‡L Ab¨ wkÿKMY Zv‡K nvwmgy‡L fv‡jv-g›` wRÁvmv Ki‡jb Ges em‡Z ej‡jb| GZ`‡cÖwÿ‡Z mK‡j fve‡jb, G Ae¯’vq hw` Zuv‡K †kªwY‡Z c×wZ †gvZv‡eK cvV`vb (†hgb- c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q, cv‡Vi welqe¯‘i g~jfve †R‡b, cvVUxKv ˆZwi K‡i, h_vh_ DcKiY e¨envi K‡i I g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw`) Ki‡Z ejv nq Zvn‡j †f‡½ co‡eb| Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mK‡j wm×všÍ wb‡jb †h, bewbhy³ wkÿK GLb †_‡K wKQyw`b eZ©gv‡b Kg©iZ wkÿK‡`i cvV`vb †`L‡eb Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv (point) †bvU Ki‡eb Ges Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡e‡k wb‡R‡K gvwb‡q †b‡eb Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkøó mKj wKQy‡Z mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z mK‡j GKgZ n‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z bevMZ wkÿ‡Ki †bvU¸‡jv wb‡q/mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q mK‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i mgvav‡b m‡Pó n‡eb g‡g© GKgZ nb| G wm×v‡šÍ bZzb wkÿK A‡bKLvwb ¯^w¯Í‡eva K‡ib I wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK KvR Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z Pj‡Z Zvi Ae¯’v ey‡S wKQyw`b ci mK‡j cybivq em‡jb|
†g›Uwis (Mentoring)
213
G ch©v‡q eZ©gvb wkÿKMY Zvi myweav Ges Amyweav¸‡jv wb‡q wØgyLx cÖwµqvq (Twoway proces) wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv KiZ mgvav‡b m‡Pó iB‡jb Ges Zv‡K †kªwY cvV`vb Kvh©µg ïiæ Ki‡Z mvnm †RvMv‡jb| Ggwb GK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z K‡qKw`b ci mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi Rbve G.GBP.Gg †iRvDj Kwig D³ we`¨vjqwU cwi`k©‡b hvb Ges cvV`vb weiwZi mgq mKj wkÿK‡K wb‡q e‡mb| wkÿK‡`i Giƒc D‡`¨v‡Mi I g‡bvfv‡ei K_v ï‡b wZwb Lywk n‡jb Ges mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡jb| wZwb we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b wkÿK‡`i D‡Ïk¨ K‡i AviI e‡jb, bevMZ wkÿK‡K ch©vqµ‡g †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv, ï‡f”Qv wewbgq, wbivcËv‡eva I cvV`v‡bi cwi‡ek m„wó, cvVUxKv, DcKiY wel‡q aviYv †`qv, †eZ e¨envi bv Kiv, QvÎ-wkÿK m¤úK© m„wó, QvÎ-QvÎxi bvg a‡i WvKv, `jxq KvR, QvÎ-QvÎx‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivLv, K¬vm PjvKvjxb I †k‡l g~j¨vqb Kiv, †m Abymv‡i wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`Iqv Ges G¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ civgk© †`b| mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK mK‡j KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| †`Lv †Mj bewb‡qvMcÖvß wkÿ‡Ki µgvMZ †ckvMZ Dbœqb n‡”Q Ges wZwb mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq Avb›` I D`¨‡g m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb|
cÖkœ :
K) †Km ÷vwW‡Z cÖavb I mnKvix wkÿK‡`i mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfv‡ei jÿYxq w`K¸‡jv Kx Kx?
L) bevMZ wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b eZ©gvb wkÿK‡`i mn‡hvwMZvi avc¸‡jv Kx wQj?
M) mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmv‡ii wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb|
N) mswkøó e¨w³‡`i c`‡ÿ‡c bevMZ wkÿK Kx Kx mydj †c‡q‡Qb?
O) †Km ÷vwW †_‡K wb‡R‡`i wkÿYxq w`K¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb|
214
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
19
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i bZzbZ¡ n‡”Q wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z Dchy³ I gvbm¤úbœ wkÿK n‡Z cv‡i †mfv‡e Zv‡`i cÖ¯‘Z Kiv| †m‡ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q-
• wkÿv_©xiv wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i wkÿvµg Abymv‡i †Kv‡m©i wewfbœ welqe¯‘ Z_v Z_¨ I ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© wek` aviYv jvf Ki‡e| wKš‘ †mB mv‡_ †m Ávb cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Zviv ev¯Íe AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡e|
• wWwcGW Kvh©µ‡g we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x †hb wkL‡Z cv‡i †miæc †KŠkj I Kvh©µ‡gi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m Rb¨ Zviv †emjvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i wewfbœ †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb ¯Í‡ii Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡e Ges †m Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡e|
• †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x‡K Aek¨B h_vh_fv‡e cvwÿK I `wbK cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ cvwÿK g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj Abymv‡i cieZ©x cvwÿK I ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
• cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡K welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb m¤ú‡K© ch©vß aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvov Zv‡K Aek¨B wkïi weKvk, †kÖwY cwi‡ek m„wó Ges †kÖwY‡Z mgZv weavbmn we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x Z_v wkÿv_©x‡`i AwffveK I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ mym¤úK© eRvq ivLvi welqwU m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq Ges wkÿKgvb AR©b
DwjøwLZ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ges Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g h_vh_ `ÿZv AR©b I `„wófw½ MwVZ n‡j wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xiv cÖK…Z wkÿK n‡Z cvi‡eb|
G aviYv †_‡K wWwcGW Kvh©µ‡g wkÿKgvb AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwYKvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿKZv m¤ú‡K© †h aviYv jvf Ki‡e Zv cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖK„Z wkÿK n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡e| myZivs cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©xi Kvh©µ‡g Zvi Ávb, `ÿZv jvf Ges `„wófw½i MVb m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ cÖgvY cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| we`¨vj‡q wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xi hveZxq Kvh©µg gwbUi Ki‡j wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi cÖgvY cvIqv m¤¢e n‡e|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h cÖ_g `yB Uv‡g© wkÿv_©xiv wkÿKgvb cy‡ivcywi AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs Zviv †h welq¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cieZ©x `yB Uv‡g© wkÿKgvb/†hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Dc‡hvMx n‡q DV‡e Zv mvZwU †ÿ‡Î wPwýZ †hvM¨Zvq AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq I PZz_© Uv‡g© Avkv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zviv m‡PZbfv‡e wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges h_vmgq wkÿK †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkÿKgvb AR©b Ki‡e|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
215
wcwUAvB wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î Bb÷ªv±i Ges wkÿv_©x Dfq‡K wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e-
• Ávb, Abykxjb I m¤úK© ¯’vcb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
• welq Ávb Ges wkÿYweÁvb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? †hgb- evsjv wel‡q welqÁvb¸‡jv Kx Kx- (fvlv m¤úwK©Z Ávb Ges mvwnZ¨welqK Ávb)| Gfv‡e MwY‡Z welq Ávb ej‡Z †evSvq MvwYwZK fvlv, msL¨v I MYbv, wewbgq wewa, cwigvc, cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg Ges ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vi mgvavb BZ¨vw` eySvq|
• wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© aviYv
• g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© aviYv
• wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv
• wkï m¤úwK©Z aviYv
• wkÿKÑwkÿv_©x m¤úK©
• we`¨vj‡q Abym„Z wbqg-Kvbyb
• wkÿv_©x, AwffveK I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©
wcwUAvB‡Z Ô†ckvMZ wkÿvÕ Awa‡ekbmg~‡n wkÿv_©xiv cÖ_‡g wkÿKgv‡bi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡e| Zuviv †ckv m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡e/cwiwPZ n‡e Ges e¨vL¨v I D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖ‡Z¨K †hvM¨Zvq Kx cÖZ¨vwkZ Zv Rvb‡e| †kÖwYK‡ÿi †cÖÿvc‡U Gme cÖv_wgK Dcjwäi cÖZ¨vwkZ Dbœqb NUv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i‡`i `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| Bb÷ªv±iMY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Dci wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Kivi gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g, cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Ges cÖ`k©bxi gva¨‡g h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
216
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vq‡bi avcmg~n:
− †ckvMZ wkÿvi Z_¨ cy¯ÍK †_‡K †Wv‡gBb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− AšÍZ 3wU K¬v‡m wkÿKgvb, †hvM¨Zv I m~PK wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
− g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv †_‡K wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb Ask wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− wkÿv_©x‡`i `vwqZ¡/KvR Bb÷ªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡/KvR, cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wkÿK I cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡/KvR wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© Uv‡g©i gvb/†hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi aib/ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− cvV ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷mn Ab¨vb¨ QK wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− wkÿv_©x KZ©„K wkÿKgvb/†hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡K cÖ`vb
− Bb÷ªv±i D³ cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi welqwU m¤ú‡K© gwbUi Ki‡eb
− cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB wkÿKgvb/†hvM¨Zv I cvV ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷ mnKvix wkÿK I cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
− †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq I ZvwiL wba©viY
• Bb÷ªv±i mßv‡n wZb w`b mve©ÿwYK ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb Ges mvßvwnKfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Wv‡qwi‡Z wj‡L ivL‡eb| cÖwZ Uv‡g© cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi 3wU †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY K‡i gšÍe¨mn Zv †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e|
• cÖavb wkÿK cÖwZwU Uv‡g© cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi 2wU †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY K‡i gšÍe¨ wjL‡eb
• mnKvix wkÿK (mßv‡n 1wU †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb I gšÍe¨ wjL‡eb)
• †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Aek¨B wba©vwiZ †PKwj÷ e¨envi K‡i †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
− 1wU ev 2wU gvb AwR©Z n‡j Zvi cÖgvY msMÖn K‡i †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z msiÿY [cÖgvY-cvV-cwiKíbv, DcKiY, mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY †PKwj‡÷ c~iYK„Z QK, cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki c~iYK…Z QK, Bb÷ªv±‡ii gšÍe¨mn c~iYK…Z QK]
− gvb AR©‡bi welqwU wb‡q mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ges cÖgvYmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Bb÷ªv±i KZ©„K †MÖW cÖ`vb
− Gfv‡e cÖwZwU Uvg© †k‡l AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges 23wU gvb AR©‡bi †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
− 23wU gvb AR©b I Bb÷ªv±i KZ©„K cÖ`Ë b¤^imn wcwUAvB mycv‡ii wbKU Rgv cÖ`vb|
wkÿK gvb AR©‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb
wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i mnvq‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xi mncvVxI ci¯úi‡K wewfbœ ch©v‡q mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| we`¨vj‡q †kÖwY wkÿK I cÖavb wkÿK wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡ib|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
217
wewfbœ mg‡q Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z wkÿKgvb hvPvB Ges cybiv‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| mvgwMÖKfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸wj Avewk¨Kfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e (g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x Ges Bb÷ªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡ me©vwaK)|
− cÖ_g ch©v‡q we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’vbKv‡j AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvmn wkÿKgvb wb‡q wkÿv_©x I Ò†ckvMZ wkÿviÓ mswkøó Bb÷ªv±‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv-cybiv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g aviYv jvf|
− wkÿKgvb, cÖ‡Z¨KwU gv‡bi †hvM¨Zv Ges m~PK mKj wkÿv_©x c‡o †`L‡eb I †evSvi †Pôv Ki‡eb| G e¨vcv‡i mswkøó Bb÷ªv±iMY Zv‡`i mnvqZv †`‡eb|
− wkÿK gv‡bi †iKW© msiÿY m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±iMY wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq Ki‡eb|
− cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK, Ab¨vb¨ wkÿK‡`i wb‡q wkÿKgvb AR©‡b Zuv‡`i KiYxq m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±iMY GK mfvq wgwjZ n‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges we‡kl K‡i wkÿKgvb AR©‡b Zv‡`i mnvqZv`v‡bi welqwU we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
− wkÿv_©x Zv‡`i cvV cwiKíbvq wkÿKgv‡bi cÖwZdjb/†hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb/cÖgvY m¤ú‡K© mswkøó wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡eb| mš‘ó n‡j Zuviv gšÍe¨ Kjv‡g G, we, wm, wW †¯‹‡j gvwK©s Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b gšÍe¨ wjL‡eb| GKBfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿK/Bb÷ªv±i‡K Avgš¿Y Ki‡eb| Bb÷ªv±i †kÖwYK‡ÿi KvR ch©‡eÿY A_ev wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki ch©‡ewÿZ †kÖwYK‡ÿi KvR g~j¨vqb wel‡q AewnZ n‡q Zv †iKW© Ki‡eb|
− cÖ‡Z¨K Bb÷ªv±i Zuvi Aaxb¯Í wkÿv_©x‡`i gvb AR©b m¤ú‡K© GKwU mgq mxgv wba©viY K‡i †`‡eb Ges †m Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡eb| wbw`©ó mg‡q gvb AR©b AZ¨šÍ Riywi|
− wcwUAvB‡Z K¬vm PjvKvjxb mg‡qI Ávb m¤úwK©Z gvb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| †ckvMZ wkÿv wel‡q Ges Ab¨vb¨ wkÿY weÁvb As‡k wkÿKZv wel‡q aviYvjvf G †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges Bb÷ªv±iMY m‡PZbfv‡e wkÿv_©xMY‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb|
− 1g I 2q Uv‡g© wba©vwiZ gvb hv‡Z mKj wkÿv_©x AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib †m wel‡q mswkøó Bb÷ªv±i Ges cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK Aek¨B Zrci _vK‡eb|
− D‡jøL¨ †h cÖ_g `ywU Uv‡g© cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkÿKgv‡bi †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZ wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 3q Uv‡g© wkÿKgvb cy‡ivcywi AwR©Z n‡e, hv‡Z 4_© Uv‡g© ¯^vaxbfv‡e Zv cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mg_© nb|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Kvh©µg
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wkÿKZvi Rb¨ †h Ávb I `ÿZv cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvi KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zv wewfbœ †cÖÿvc‡U hvPvB Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †cÖÿvcU n‡jv-
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
218
• †kÖwYKÿ ch©‡eÿY
• †kÖwYwkÿK I cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki gšÍe¨ Z_v wkÿK †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i mnvqZv cÖ`vb
• cÖwZ mßv‡n Bb÷ªv±i Zuvi Awab¯Í wkÿv_©x‡`i wkÿKgvb AMªMwZ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡eb Ges wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi cÖgvY msMÖn m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`‡eb|
• †kÖwYK‡ÿ wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiKíbv, cwiPvjbv I g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿK †hvM¨Zvi wewfbœ m~PK/cÖgvY „k¨gvb n‡q I‡V| myZivs †kÖwY wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK I Bb÷ªv±i‡K †kÖwY Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© w`‡Z n‡e|
• Bb÷ªv±i cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿKgvb m¤ú‡K© †kÖwY wkÿK I cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cÖwZ‡e`b msiÿY K‡i mswkøó wkÿv_©xi bv‡g Zvi AMÖMwZ †iKW© Ki‡eb|
• wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb `vwqZ¡ wkÿv_©xi wb‡Ri| wkÿv_©x‡K GUv ¯úófv‡e eyS‡Z n‡e KLb †Kvb wkÿKgvbwU wZwb AR©b K‡i‡Qb| hLb Zvi Kv‡Q cÖZxqgvb n‡e †h †m †Kvb GKwU wkÿKgvb AR©b K‡i‡Q ZLb †m mswkøó Bb÷ªv±‡ii Kv‡Q Zvi cÖgvYmn AR©‡bi welqwU AewnZ Ki‡eb| Z‡e Bb÷ªv±i Aek¨B Zvi Aaxb¯Í wkÿv_©x‡`i wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi wel‡q Ae¨vnZfv‡e gwbUwis Ki‡eb|
cÖgv‡Yi cÖK…wZ
†hvM¨Zvi KvVv‡gv wZbwU ci¯úi m¤úwK©Z fv‡M mvRv‡bv hvq-
(K) †ckvwfwËK Ávb Ges Dcjwä
(L) †ckvwfwËK Abykxjb
(M) †ckvwfwËK g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK©
cÖgv‡Yi cÖK…wZ GB wZbwU †ÿ‡Î wfbœ wfbœfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q-
†ckvwfwËK Ávb Ges Dcjwä
• wcwUAvB‡Z cwiPvwjZ †kÖwYK‡ÿi cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Ges Bb‡Kvm© wjwLZ cixÿv we‡kl K‡i welqÁvb I cvV¨µg m¤ú‡K© AwR©Z Ávb GKwU h_v_© cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨| wcwUAvB †kÖwYK‡ÿi wkÿv_©xMY wewfbœ Kv‡R Zv‡`i mdjZv, welqÁvb/wkÿYweÁvb m¤úwK©Z aviYvI cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x Bb÷ªv±‡ii A_ev Ab¨ wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡kœi h_v_© DËi cÖ`vb K‡i ev †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Îi welq Ávb I `ÿZv h_v_©fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kij †mwUI GKwU cÖgvY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| †m †ÿ‡Î †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z mswkøó Bb÷ªv±‡ii gšÍe¨mn D³ cÖgvY Ki‡j msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wkÿv_©x h_vmg‡q Bb÷ªv±‡ii wbKU cÖgvYwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
• wkÿY weÁvbmsµvšÍ Áv‡bi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i mwVK cÖkœ wRÁvmv Kiv wKsev fyj DËi/aviYvi e¨vcv‡i wdW e¨vK GKwU cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB me wel‡q GKwU AvbyôvwbK ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Z_¨ wjwce× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Bb÷ªv±i/we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
219
Zv wj‡L ivL‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ Bb÷ªv±i‡K Aek¨B we`¨vj‡q †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY A_ev wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi Ic‡iB ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡Z n‡e| Giƒc Av‡jvPbvi welqwUI nq †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z wkÿv_©x wjwLZfv‡e (Bb÷ªv±‡ii Aby¯^vÿimn) msiÿY Ki‡e A_ev Bb÷ªv±‡ii wkÿv_©xi bvg I †ivj bsmn Wv‡qwi‡Z Uz‡K ivL‡eb|
†ckvwfwËK e¨envwiK Ávb
†ckvwfwËK e¨envwiK Áv‡bi Z_v Abykxj‡bi eo Ask Avm‡e ch©‡eÿY †_‡K; hw`I cvV cwiKíbv, †kÖwYK‡ÿi mvgMÖx, we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i KvR Ges Av‡jvPbvI g~j¨evb Drm|
†ckvwfwËK g~j¨‡eva Ges m¤úK©
G m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY Avm‡Z cv‡i wewfbœ ch©‡eÿY †_‡K| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Dcjwä †hgb gvÑevevi f~wgKv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AbymÜvb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwb Ab¨vb¨ m~PK (mnKg©x‡`i m‡½ mn‡hvwMZv) cÖavb wkÿK ev Ab¨vb¨ wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| G mKj cÖgvY wjwLZfv‡e msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖgvY wjwce×KiY
cÖ_gZ wkÿv_©x cÖgvY wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges msMÖn Ki‡eb| †hLv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ †mLv‡b G mKj cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK ev cÖavb wkÿK Øviv cixwÿZ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖgv‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY wkÿv_©xi †hvM¨Zv †iK‡W© wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i Øviv ¯^vÿiK…Z n‡e| Ô†hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ cÖgvYcÎ msMÖnÕ GB wk‡ivbv‡gi Q‡K Kxfv‡e wewfbœ cÖgvY msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e, cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ¯^vÿi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv QK AvKv‡i †`Iqv Av‡Q|
†hvM¨Zv kbv³KiY
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ cÖgvYB h‡_ó n‡e| G cÖgvY¸‡jv †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY, wW-weªwds †mk‡b Av‡jvPbv, †gŠwLK I wjwLZ (†kÖwYK‡ÿ) cixÿv †_‡K cvIqv hv‡e| wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i ZLbB GKwU †hvM¨Zv ¯^vÿi Ki‡eb hLb Zuvi we‡ePbvq cÖK…Z cÖgvY mieivn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
m~PK (Indicator)
†hvM¨Zvi ZvwjKvq cÖ‡Z¨K †hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z †ek wKQzmsL¨K m~PK D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q| wkÿv_©x I g~j¨vqbKvix‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K cwigv‡ci cÖgvY eyS‡Z mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ G¸‡jv AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY¸‡jv Ab¨ wKQzI n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e mswkøó Bb÷ªv±‡ii Kv‡Q Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
AvbyôvwbK cÖwµqv
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i we`¨vj‡q AbykxjbKv‡j mßv‡n wZbevi wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i‡`i m‡½ wgwjZ n‡Z n‡e| cÖwkÿY Bbw÷wUDU¸‡jv‡Z hv‡Z GB mvÿvr N‡U Zvi Rb¨ mswkøó Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
220
Gi Rb¨ †ek wKQzmsL¨K `wjj ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q :
• cwi`k©b d‡g© hv‡Z wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i mvÿvrK…Z ev ch©‡ewÿZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ wjwce× Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• ch©‡eÿY d‡g© hv‡Z Bb÷ªv±i/cÖavb wkÿK/wkÿK ch©‡eÿY wjwce× Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’v‡bi P~ovšÍ mgvcbx dig †hLv‡b wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZi mvims‡ÿc wjL‡eb Ges cieZ©x Ae¯’v‡bi wbiƒwcZ jÿ mg~n D‡jøwLZ _vK‡e|
• wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’vbmsµvšÍ wb‡`©kbv KvMRcÎ|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV cwiKíbvi Rb¨ Q‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi welqwU mvgwMÖKfv‡e AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Ab¨vb¨ mKj g~j¨vq‡bi †P‡q wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb AwaK ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| †m welqwU g‡b †i‡L wcwUAvB mycvi, Bb÷ªv±iMY wbR wbR `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b g‡bv‡hvMx n‡eb|
†hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY msMÖn
wb‡P cÖgv‡Yi mvaviY Drm Ges Kxfv‡e Zv e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©xi cvi`wk©Zv hvPvB Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| GUvB †h P~ovšÍ ZvwjKv Zv bq Ges cÖgv‡Yi Av‡iv A‡bK Drm _vK‡Z cv‡i|
cÖgv‡Yi Drm wkÿv_©xi cÖv_wgK KvR Bb÷ªv±i/ cÖavb wkÿK/wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_Av‡jvPbvµ‡g
wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿ‡KiKvR
wkÿv_©xi AbyeZ©b KvR wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i‡`i KvR
¯^vÿiK…Z
AvbyôvwbK ch©‡eÿY
†hvM¨ZvwPwýZKiY(hv ch©‡ewÿZ n‡e)
cÖwZ Uv‡g© wba©vwiZfv‡e
†hvM¨Zvi wecix‡ZcÖgv‡Yi weeiYZvwjKve× Kiv
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv(†iKW© Ki‡eb)
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i
AbvbyôvwbK ch©‡eÿY
wkÿK‡K †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv
wkÿv_©xi Aby‡iv‡a ch©‡eÿY Kiv I
wdWe¨K †`qv
†hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z cÖgv‡Yi weeiY Zvw-jKve× Kiv
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv (†iKW© Ki‡eb)
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
221
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±‡ii m‡½Av‡jvPbv
- - - ch©‡eÿ‡Yi c‡i Av‡jvPbvim~ÎcvZ Kiv| †hvM¨Zviwecix‡Z cÖgv‡Yi weeiY wj‡L ivLv
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i
wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ Av‡jvPbv
AbvbyôvwbKAv‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ev AvbyôvwbK Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
wkÿv_©xi wba©vwiZ wel‡qDcjwäcixÿvKivi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbvq wb‡qvwRZ nIqv
†hvM¨Zviwecix‡Z cÖgv‡Yi weeiY ZvwjKvf©y³ Kiv
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv
wcwUAvBBb÷ªv±i/ wkÿK/ cÖavb wkÿK
cvV cwiKíbv cvV cwiKíbvi Ask wPwýZ Kiv hv cwigvcK we‡kølY K‡i
wkÿ‡Ki m¤§wZ PvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i †h GUvB Dchy³ cÖgvY
cÖgv‡YiweeiY wjwce× K‡i (ZvwiL, mgq Ges cv‡Vi bvg) Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i
cvV`v‡b e¨eüZ Dc-
KiY
ev¯Íe mvgMÖx, Qwe PvU©, g‡Wj gvb-wPÎ I weÁv‡bi, †cv÷vi, e¨envwiK e¯‘mvgMªx)
cvVwfwËK DcKi‡Yi wel‡q cÖavb wk¶K I welq wk¶‡-Ki h_vh_ gšÍe¨
ZvwiL, cv‡Vi welq D‡jøLmn DcKi‡Yi weeiY wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv (wkÿv_©xwkÿ‡Ki m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i)
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±iMY,Ges wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿK
cÖgv‡Yi Drm Bb÷ªv±i/cÖavb wkÿK/wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g cÖgv‡Yi Drm wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
wk¶K/cÖavb wk¶K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`‡eb
civgk© AbymiY K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡eb
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i Aby¯^v¶i †`‡eb/ wdWe¨vK w`‡q ms‡kva‡bi my‡h-vM K‡i †`‡eb|
¯^vÿiK…Z
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
222
wk¶v_©x‡`i KvR
wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x-‡`i †kÖwY Kvh©µg Abykxjb †kÖwY Kvh©µg Abykx-jb †_‡K Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zv jvf wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
wkÿ‡Ki m¤§wZ †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i
cÖgv‡Yi weeiY wjwce× Kiv
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv (wkÿv_©xi)
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, Ges wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿK
wk¶v_©x‡`i †iKW©
†hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i cvV ch©‡eÿYmn cÖ`Ë wdWe¨v‡Ki †iKW©
wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki gZvgZ
cÖgv‡Yi weeiYwjwce× Kiv (ZvwiL, mgq, cv‡Vi welq,mvgMÖxi †hvM¨Zviwecix‡Z cÖ`wk©Z wkÿ‡Yi cÖK…wZ) (†iKW© eB)
cÖgv‡Yi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv (wkÿv_©xi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i)
wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, Ges wkÿK/cÖavb wkÿK
wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x Ges Bb÷ªv±i Dfq‡K m`v Zrci _vK‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_©x Ges Bb÷ªv±i Dfq‡K wkÿKgvb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wb‡`©kKv/wcwUAvB g¨v‡bR‡g›U n¨vÛeyK D‡jøwLZ wb‡`©kbvewj fv‡jvfv‡e cvV Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wewfbœ mg‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøwLZ wb‡`©kbvewj QvovI wb‡¤œ my¯úófv‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkÿKgvb †MÖW cÖ`v‡bi wel‡q wKQz wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv-
• wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi cÖgvYmg~n wb‡¤œ DwjøwLZ †ÿÎ †_‡K cvIqv hv‡e|
− †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY
− cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv
− wW-weªwds †mkb
− cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY cÖwZ‡e`b
− †kÖwY wkÿ‡Ki †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY cÖwZ‡e`b
− Bb÷ªv±‡ii wb‡Ri Wv‡qwi/†bvU ey‡K wj‡L ivLv gšÍe¨
• †MÖW cÖ`v‡bi mgq mywbw`©ó cÖgvYmg~n we‡ePbv †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î msL¨vMZ I gvbm¤úbœ cÖgvY we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| gvbm¤úbœ wK bv Zv Dcjwä Kivi †ÿ‡Î msL¨vMZ cwigv‡ci mvnvh¨ †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- GKwU cvV cwiKíbv ZLbB D”Pgvbm¤úbœ we‡ePbv Kiv hv‡e hLb 10wU cvV cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ Kgc‡ÿ 8wU‡Z D”Pgvb eRvq Av‡Q Zv †`Lv hv‡e|
• Bb÷ªv±i, cÖavb wkÿK Ges †kÖwY wkÿ‡Ki ch©‡ewÿZ K¬vmmg~‡ni D”Pgv‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKB we‡ePbv cÖ‡hvR¨
• cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkÿKgvb/†hvM¨Zvi cÖgvYmg~n wb¤œwjwLZ Dcv‡q †bvU ey‡K wjwce× Kiv hvq
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
223
− wkÿKgv‡bi b¤^i
− †hvM¨Zv cÖgv‡Yi †ÿÎ
− †MÖW
†hgb-GKRb wkÿv_©xi 2 b¤^i wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv cixÿv K‡i hw` †`Lv hvq Zvi DbœwZi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q Zv n‡j wjL‡Z n‡e| 2 cvV-cwiKíbv wm
(GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, G = memgq ev 80% †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq
we = me †ÿ‡Î †`Lv †M‡jI gv‡Sg‡a¨ †`Lv hvq bv (75% : 25%)
wm = me †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq bv wKQz wKQz †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq (60% : 40%)
wW = Lye Kg †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †ewkifvM †ÿ‡ÎB †`Lv hvq bv (40% : 60%)
• GKRb Bb÷ªv±i‡K cÖ_g Ges wØZxq Uv‡g©i g‡a¨B wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ me©vwaK cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| PZy_© Uv‡g© †h‡nZz Bb÷ªv±i‡`i †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi my‡hvM bvB myZivs Z…Zxq Uv‡g© cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi Kgc‡ÿ 8wU †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 1 †_‡K 19 ch©šÍ wkÿKgv‡bi †hvM¨Zvmg~n AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î †MÖW cÖ`vbmn gšÍe¨ wjL‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h mKj wkÿv_©x‡K cvm Kivi Rb¨ G †MÖW †c‡Z n‡e| Z…Zxq Uv‡g©i ïiæ †_‡KB cÖ_g I wØZxq Uv‡g©i wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †MÖW cÖvwß Abymv‡i AZ¨šÍ Zrci †_‡K Z…Zxq Uv‡g© ÒGÓ †MÖW cÖvwß wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• cvV cwiKíbvq D”Pgvb (G †MÖW) cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv cÖwYavb‡hvM¨
− cÖ`Ë wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK wK bv
− cÖ`Ë KvR¸‡jv‡Z gy³ I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv
− wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©xi Df‡qiB cÖkœ Kivi cwic~Y© my‡hvM i‡q‡Q wK bv
− cÖ`Ë Kv‡R wkÿv_©xi AbywPšÍ‡bi my‡hvM Av‡Q wK bv
− cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki civgk© h_vh_ my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q wK bv
− cÖ`Ë Kv‡R wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi h_vh_ my‡hvM Av‡Q wK bv|
− mgq e¨e¯’vcbv I cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q Av‡Q wK bv|
− DcKiY, wkLb dj Ges cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †gjeÜb h_vh_ Av‡Q wK bv|
− DcKi‡Yi gvb/msL¨v cwigvY cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© wK bv
− wbe©vwPZ DcKiY wkLb dj AR©‡bi Rb¨ h_vh_fv‡e mnvqK wK bv
• †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq D”Pgvb (G †MÖW) cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
− †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY †PKwj‡÷i m~PK Abymv‡i cÖ`Ë gšÍe¨ 80% †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK
− †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv wkÿv_©xi cÖwZ g‡bvfve 80% †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK (wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© D”Pvkv †cvlY K‡ib, wkÿv_©xi fyj-ÎæwU BwZevPKfv‡e ïa‡i †`q, wkÿv_©x bv cvi‡j Zv‡K mnvqZv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
224
w`‡q AMÖMwZ wbwðZ K‡i, wkLbKvR RwUj n‡e ev wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ mgm¨c~Y© n‡j Zv‡K h_vh_ mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv BZ¨vw`)
− welq m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Ávb cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î Ges wkLb †KŠkj e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î h_vh_ Av¯’vi cÖKvk †`Lv hvq,
− †kÖwYKvh©µ‡gi cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb dj AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvi`wk©Zvi cÖKvk †`Lv hvq|
• 20-23 b¤^i wkÿKgv‡b g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯’vcb m¤úwK©Z wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi D”Pgvb (G †MÖW) jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ welq we‡ePbv‡hvM¨
− wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwYKvh©µ‡g AskMÖn‡Y GKRb wkÿv_©x h_vh_ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i
− wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿ Ges †kÖwYK‡ÿi evB‡i mncvVx Ges Bb÷ªv±i I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi mv‡_ 80% †ÿ‡Î m¤§vbRbK I eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i
− Abykxj‡bi mgq we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡‡`i mv‡_ 80% †ÿ‡Î AvšÍwiKZv I eÜzZ¡ Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i
− 80% †ÿ‡Î Pviæwimn we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ AvBb-Kvbyb h_v we`¨vj‡q mgqg‡Zv Avmv Ges hvIqv, mgqg‡Zv K¬v‡m hvIqv, cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖ`Ë `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv, we`¨vj‡qi e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi wb‡`©kbv †g‡b Pjv, wkÿv_©xi gvZv-wgZv I Awffve‡Ki mv‡_ mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv BZ¨vw`|
− 80% †ÿ‡Î mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv, mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY cÖ`k©b Kiv|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
225
cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq ch©v‡q Ae¯’vb †k‡l P~ovšÍ mgvcbx dig
Z„Zxq Uvg© †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi AMÖMwZ †iKW© Kivi Rb¨ GB QKwU e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_©x GB QKwU Zvi wbR we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges Gi GKwU Abywjwc †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z ivL‡e| †h wkÿv_©x 23wU wkÿKgv‡bi mKj wkÿKgvb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB Zv‡`i †ÿ‡Î ïaygvÎ wkÿgv‡bi b¤^i I Kxfv‡e Zv AR©b Ki‡e mswÿßfv‡e Zv Z…Zxq I PZy_© Kjv‡g D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| wcwUAvB Z¨vM Kivi c~‡e© cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi `vwqZ¡ n‡e Zvi MvBW Bb÷ªv±‡ii wbKU †_‡K GB QKwU c~iY K‡i ¯^vÿi †bqv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Q‡K mswkøó Bb÷ªv±i 10-15 Rb wkÿv_©xi bvg I †ivj b¤^i AšÍf©y³ K‡i gšÍe¨ I ¯^vÿi †`‡eb Ges Zvi Wv‡qwi‡Z GB wel‡q †bvU ivL‡eb|
wkÿv_©xi bvg I †ivj bs AMÖMwZi mvims‡ÿc wbR we`¨vj‡qi Ae¯’v‡bi D‡Ïk¨(4_© Uvg©)
gšÍe¨ I ¯^vÿi
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
226
wkÿ
Kgv
b
cÖwkÿ
Y we
`¨vj
q wk
ÿv_
©xi †
iKW©
cÖ_g
I wØ
Zxq
Uvg
©
(wW‡c
øvgvc
Öv߇`
i m~P
K G
es †
hvM¨
Zvm
n wk
ÿK
gvb)
wcwU
AvB
:---
----
----
----
----
----
----
---
wcwU
AvB
wkÿ
v_©xi
bvg
:---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
†iv
j bs
----
----
----
----
-we
.`ª.:
wcwU
AvB
wk¶
v_©x c
h©vqµ
‡g B
b÷«v±
‡ii
aviv
evwn
K wb
‡`©kb
vi g
va¨‡
g G
†hv
M¨Z
v¸‡j
v AR
©b K
i‡eb
| G
†iK
W© wk
ÿv_
©xi wb
KU
_vK
‡e G
es G
i Ab
ywjwc
wcwU
AvB
Awd
‡m m
siwÿ
Z _
vK‡e
|
wØZ
xq U
vg©
Bb÷
ªv±‡i
i ¯^v
ÿi,
Zvwi
L
1| c
vV c
wiK
íbv
gšÍe¨
†MÖW
(G,
we,
wm,
wW)
cÖgvY
cÖ_g
Uvg©
Bb÷
ªv±‡i
i ¯^v
ÿi,
Z
vwiL
gšÍe¨
†MÖW
(G,
we,
wm,
wW)
cÖgvY
†hvM
¨Zv:
cÖwkÿ
Y we
`¨vj
‡q A
e¯’vb
Kvj
xb †
hvM¨
Zv|
G A
e¯’vb
Kv‡j
wk
ÿv_
©x †hv
M¨Z
v AR
©‡bi
†ÿ‡Î
wbgœw
jwLZ
AMÖM
wZ c
Ö`k©b
Ki‡
eb
1.1
mwVK
wkLb
†kL
v‡bv †
KŠk
j Aš
Ífz©³ K
iv n
‡”Q|
(welq
e¯‘ I
wkLb
dj
Abymv
‡i wk
Lb †
kLv‡b
v †K
Škj
cwiK
wíZ
n‡q
‡Q wK
bv)
1.2
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i AR
©b Dc
‡hvM
x †h
vM¨Z
v m¤
ú‡K
© m‡
PZbZ
vi c
wiPq
cvI
qv h
v‡”Q|
(we
lqe¯
‘i wk
Lbd
j wb
Y©‡q,
wkL
b d
j Ab
ymv‡i
†kÖw
Y K
vh©µ
g cw
iKíb
vq)
1.3
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i Av
MÖn
m„wó
i ¸i
æZ¡
m¤ú‡
K©
Dcjw
äi
cÖKvk
NU‡
Q| (
wkÿ
v_©xi
AvM
Ön m„w
ó K
‡i G
gb
†kÖwY
Kvh
©µg
I Dc
Ki‡
Yi e
¨env
i cw
iKwí
Z n
‡q‡Q
wK b
v)
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
227
2| wk
Lb †
kLv‡b
v †K
Škj
1.4
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i wk
Lb A
MÖMwZ
wbw
ðZ
Kiv
i R
b¨ c
vV
cwiK
íbv c
ÖYqb
K‡i
‡Qb|
(cÖw
ZwU
wkÿ
v_©xi
Rb¨
wbw`
©ó
wkLb
KvR
I g
~j¨vq
b (¯
Íi Ab
ymv‡i
) cwi
Kíb
v Kiv
n‡”Q
)|
1.5
GK
vwaK
K
vh©K
i wk
Lb
†kLv
‡bv
Ges
g~j
¨vqb
†KŠk
j e¨
envi
K
‡i
cvV
cwiK
íbv
cÖ¯‘Z
K
‡i‡Q
b|
1.6
cvwÿ
Kfv
‡e g
~j¨vq
b K
iv Z
_¨ A
bymv‡i
cvV
cw
iKíb
v Kiv
n‡”Q
|
1.7
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i G
KvK
x, †R
vovq
A_e
v †Qv
U `‡
j wK
sev
eo `
‡j we
wfbœ
KvR
cvV
cwi
Kíb
vq A
šÍf©y³
Kiv
n‡”Q
|
1.8
g~j¨vq
b †K
Škj
msew
jZ c
vV c
wiK
íbv
Zwi
K‡i
‡Qb|
2.1
†kÖwY
Kvh
©µ‡g
welq
Áv‡b
i we
wfbœ
w`‡K
i e¨
envi
†`
Lv h
v‡”Q|
2.2
wkÿ
v_©x‡K
GK
vKx,
†Rvo
vq,
†QvU
`‡j
A_e
v eo
`‡j
wewf
bœ K
vR †
`Iqv
n‡”Q
|
2.3
wk¶
v_©x‡`
i mn
‡R †
evS
vi R
b¨ G
es A
vMÖn
m„wó
i D‡
χk
¨ wew
fbœ K
vR †
`qv n
‡”Q|
2.4
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i c~e
©Ávb
hvP
vB K
‡i †
kÖwY‡
Z wk
Lb
†kLv
‡bv K
vR ï
iæ K
iv n
q|
2.5
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i Dr
mvn
w`‡”Q
b G
es B
wZev
PK K
v‡R
wb‡q
vwRZ
Ki‡
Qb|
(wk¶
v_©x‡K
wew
fbœ K
v‡R m
nvqZ
v K
‡ib
Ges
wk¶
v_©x A
vMÖn
nvwi
‡q †d
‡j G
gb K
vR †`
b bv
)|
2.6
†Kv‡b
v bZ
zb we
lq ï
iæ K
ivi
mgq
mij
I ¯
úó
fvlv
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
b|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
228
3| D
cKiY
2.7
wk¶
v_©x‡K
cÖkœ
K‡i
b, c
Ökœ K
i‡Z
Drm
vn †
`b G
es
wk¶
v_©xi
†ev
Svi
mywe
avq
Av‡j
vPbv
K‡i
b|
2.8
fyj D
Ëi
w`‡j
BwZ
evPK
fv‡e
ï×
K‡i
†`b
|
2.9
wkLb
†kL
v‡bv K
v‡R B
wZev
PK c
wi‡e
k m„w
ó K
‡i
_v‡K
b (wk
ÿv_
©x‡K a
gK e
v eK
zwb †
`b b
v A_e
v Zz”Q
Z
vw”Qj
¨ K‡i
b bv
|)
2.10
mK
j wk
ÿv_
©x †`
L‡Z
Ges
ïb‡
Z c
v‡i G
gb-
fv‡e
†K
v‡bv
†kÖwY
‡Z A
_ev
`‡j
cvV
Dc¯’v
cb K
‡ib|
2.11
wkL
b ¯Íi
Abym
v‡i w
kÿv_
©x‡`i
wewf
bœ K
vR †
`b|
2.12
cvV
`vbK
v‡j wb
wðZ
K‡i
‡Qb
†h wk
ÿv_
©x‡`i
cÖ`Ë
K
vR Z
viv
wba©v
wiZ
mg‡
qi g
‡a¨
†kl
Ki‡
Z c
v‡ib|
2.13
†e
wkif
vM
wkÿ
v_©x
†hb
cv‡V
i K
v‡R
memg
q e¨
vc„Z
_v
‡Kb
Zv
wbwð
Z
K‡i
‡Qb|
2.14
mg
q we
fvR
b Ab
ymv‡i
wk
Lb
†kLv
‡bv
KvR
m¤
úbœ
K‡i
‡Qb
(wkÿ
K
I wk
ÿv_
©xi
mg‡q
i Dc
hy³
e¨en
vi
wbwð
Z
K‡i
‡Qb)
|
2.15
wk
ÿv_
©xi
wkL‡
b †h
‡Kv‡b
v mg
m¨v
†`Lv
w`
‡j
Zv
`~i
Kiv
i †ÿ
‡Î
cÖ‡qv
Rbx
q mn
vqZ
v †`
b|
3.1
Z_¨
Dc¯
’vc‡b
i mg
q mw
PÎ D
cKiY
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
b (†
hgb-
iwO
b Qw
e, P
vU©,
QK,
gvbw
PÎ B
Z¨vw
` )|
3.2
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i mn
R w
kLb
DcK
iY †
hgb
kã †
Ljvi
K
vW©,
MYbv
i R
b¨ A
¨vevK
vm B
Z¨vw
` cÖ`
vb K
‡ib|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
229
4| g
~j¨vq
b
5| we
‡kl
ai‡b
i wk
¶v_
©x
3.3
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i cÖ`
Ë K
v‡R D
cKi‡
Yi e
¨env
i Z
v‡`i
wkL‡
b fv
‡jvf
v‡e m
nvqZ
v K‡i
|
3.4
wkÿ
v_©x‡`
i wk
L‡b
mnvq
Zv`
v‡-bi
R
b¨
A‡bK
ai
‡bi
Dc
KiY
e¨
envi
K
i‡Qb
|
3.5
¯Íiwf
wËK
wg
kÖ `‡
j A_
ev
†QvU
`‡
j K
vR
Kiv
i mg
q Dc
hy³
DcK
iY
e¨en
vi
K‡i
b|
3.6
wk¶
v_©xi
wkLb
‡K m
nvqZ
v `v‡b
i R
b¨ m
n‡R
cÖvß
cÖh
yw³ †
hgb
†gve
vBj
†dvb
A_e
v ¯’vb
xqfv
‡e m
nRjf
¨ Dc
KiY
e¨e
nvi
Ki‡
Qb|
4.1
cÖ‡Z
¨KwU
cv
‡V
MvVw
bK
g~j¨vq
b cÖ‡
qvM
Ki‡
Qb
(wk¶
v_©x †
gŠwL
K I
wjwL
Z c
Ö‡kœi
fyj D
Ëi
w`‡j
Zv ï
×
K‡i
†`b
Ges
Kx G
es †K
b fyj
n‡q
‡Q Z
v eywS
‡q †`
b )|
4.2
wk¶
v_©x‡K
Á
vb
I Dc
jwä
g~jK
cÖk
œ K
‡ib|
4.3
wbqw
gZfv
‡e wk
ÿv_
©x‡`i
Dcjw
äi
ch©vq
cix
ÿv K
‡i
†`L‡
Qb|
4.4
†h‡K
v‡bv
cv‡V
av
ivev
wnK
fv‡e
g~j
¨vqb
K‡i
b,
wdWe
¨vK/m
nvqZ
v †`
b G
es g
~j¨vq
‡bi
djv
dj
Abym-
v‡i
wk¶
v_©xi
ci
eZ©x
Kvh
©µg
wba©v
iY
Ki‡
Qb|
5.1
†kÖwY
wkÿ
‡Ki
mv‡_
we`
¨vj‡q
we‡
kl P
vwn`v
m¤úb
œ wk
¶v_
©xi
wel‡
q K
iYxq
m¤
ú‡K
© Av
‡jvP
bv
K‡i
‡Qb
6| †
ckvM
Z g
~j¨‡e
va I
m¤ú
K© ¯
’vcb
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
230
7| we
`¨vj
q I
PvK
zwi m
sµvš
Í wewa
Bb÷
ªv‡±ªi
¯^v¶
i, Z
vwiL,
wmj
D‡jøL
¨ †h-
•35
wU †
hvM¨
Zvi
g‡a
¨ hw`
32w
U‡Z
G G
es e
vwK 3
wU‡Z
we c
vq Z
vn‡j
mvg
wMÖK
fv‡e
G †
MÖW c
Övß n
‡e|
3
•35
wUi
†hvM
¨Zvi
g‡a
¨ hw`
25w
U‡Z
G G
es e
vwK 1
0 wU
‡Z we
cvq
Zvn
‡j m
vgwM
ÖKfv
‡e we
†MÖW
cÖvß
n‡e
|
3
•35
wUi
†hvM
¨Zv i
g‡a¨
hw`
25w
U‡Z
G/we
Ges
evwK
10
wU‡Z
wm c
vq Z
vn‡j
mvg
wMÖK
fv‡e
wm †
MÖW c
Övß n
‡e|
3
•35
wUi
†hvM
¨Zvi
g‡a
¨ hw`
5 A
_ev 5
-G
i Aw
aK †
hvM¨
Zvq
wW †
MÖW c
vq Z
vn‡j
mvg
wMÖK
fv‡e
wW †M
ÖW cÖv
ß n‡
e|
3
�G
= m
e mg
q †`
Lv h
vq 8
0%
�we
= m
e †¶
‡Î †
`Lv †
M‡jI
wKQz
†ÿ
‡Î †
`Lv h
vq b
v 75%
�wm
=me
†¶
‡Î †
`Lv h
vq b
v wK
Qy wK
Qy †¶
‡Î †
`Lv h
vq 6
0%
�wW
= L
ye K
g †¶
‡Î †
`Lv h
vq †
ewki
fvM
†¶‡Î
B †`
Lv h
vq b
v 40%
gšÍe¨
mvgM
Öx †MÖW
G,
we,
wm,
wW
6.1
cÖ‡Z
¨K wk
ÿv_
©x‡K Z
v‡`i
cÖ‡Z
¨K f
v‡jv
Kv‡R
i/ m
vdj¨
m¤ú
‡K© c
Öksmv
Ki‡
Qb|
6.2
†kÖwY
wkÿ
‡Ki
mv‡_
†kÖwY
ch©‡
eÿY,
cvV
cwi
Kíb
v G
es
mv¤ú
ªwZK
cv
V`vb
m¤
ú‡K
© Av
jvc
Ki‡
Qb|
7.1
we`¨
vj‡q
i bxwZ
gvjv
, miK
vwi A
vBb
I we
wa m
¤ú‡K
© cÖa
vb I
mnK
vix
wkÿ
‡Ki
mv‡_
Av‡j
vPbv
Ki‡
Qb|
7.2
we`¨
vj‡q
iw
ÿZ
mi
Kvwi
we
wa,
AvBb
G
es
mswk
øó
†iK
W©c‡Î
i mv
‡_
cwiw
PZ
n‡q
DV‡Q
b|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
231
wkÿKgvb Z…Zxq I PZy_© Uvg©
(wW‡cøvgvcÖv߇`i m~PK Ges †hvM¨Zvmn wkÿKgvb)
wcwUAvB :------------------------------
wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xi bvg :------------------------------------- †ivj bs- -----------
we. ª.: wcwUAvB wk¶v_©x ch©vqµ‡g Bb÷«v±‡ii avivevwnK wb‡ ©kbvi gva¨‡g G †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡eb| G †iKW© wkÿv_©xi wbKU _vK‡e Ges Gi Abywjwc
wcwUAvB Awd‡m msiwÿZ _vK‡e|
†¶Î : †ckvMZ Ávb Ges DcjwäwkL‡bi †¶Î gvb: GKRb
wW‡cø vgvcÖvß wk¶K Ki‡Z
m¶g
†hvM¨Zv: AwR©Z n‡q‡Q wW‡cø vgvcÖvß Ges wbqwgZ
wk¶K‡`i m~PK
(K) welq m¤úwK©Z
Ávb:
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK wk¶vi mKj wel‡q wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqwfwËK Ávb I aviYv cÖ`k©b
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
1. welqwfwËK Ávb e¨envi K‡i cvV
cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• cvV-cwiKíbvq
welqwfwËK Áv‡bi
h_vh_ e¨env‡ii cÖgvY
cvIqv hvq|
2. welqwfwËK Ávb e¨envi K‡i cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡¶
wewfbœ Kvh©µg cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wkÿvµ‡g AšÍf~©³ welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä cÖKvk cvq
3. †kªwY‡Z cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi Kv‡Q
welqwfwËK Ávb AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_
Ges cwi¯‹vifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• cvV`vbKv‡j wk¶K AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ mwVK welqwfwËK Ávb e¨envi K‡ib|
4. wk¶v_©x‡`i welqwfwËK †h‡Kvb
cÖkœ mwVKfv‡e DËi w`‡Z cv‡ib| • †kªwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi
†¶‡Î welqwfwËK Áv‡bi mwVK e¨envi D`vniY w`‡q †`Lvb|
5. eqm Abymv‡i Mí ejv, Qov, Ave„wË,
Mvb, eB cov Ges
• wk¶v_©xiv hLb †Kvb welq eyS‡Z cv‡i bv ev mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZLb ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb A_ev cwiwPZ NUbv †_‡K D`vniY w`‡q Dcjwä‡Z mnvqZv
K‡ib|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
232
(L) wk¶v`vb c×wZ
m¤ú‡K© aviYv
2. wk¶vµ‡gi †hvM¨Zv
Ges wkLb dj wewfbœ
cÖKvi wk¶v`vb †KŠkj
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv
cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
†Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i Áv‡bi
weKvk m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• cvV PjvKvjxb mgq
wewfbœ wk¶v`vb †KŠkj/
Kvh©µg cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|
• wk¶v_©xiv cv‡V mwµqfv‡e
AskMÖnY K‡i|
• wk¶K Ges QvÎ,
QvÎ Ges Qv‡Îi g‡a¨
wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g
wk¶v`v‡bi welqwU cÖvqB
†`Lv hvq|
• mKj QvÎB cv‡V A_ev
cvV mswkøó Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
• wkLb ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV
`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mKj wkïi
wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
wewfbœ †KŠkj e¨envi
K‡ib|
• †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©xiv
Avbw›`Z Ges AvMÖnvwš^Z
†eva K‡i|(M) wk¶vµg m¤ú‡K©
aviYv
3. cÖv_wgK Ges cÖvK-
cÖv_wgK wk¶vi wk¶vµg, †hvM¨Zv Ges wkLb dj m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv
cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
1. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v Ges cÖv_wgK
wk¶vµ‡gi welqe¯‘ Ges KvVv‡gv
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Dcjwä i‡q‡Q|
• wk¶vµ‡gi †hvM¨Zv Ges
wkLbdj Abymv‡i cvV-
cwiKíbv K‡i|
2. cÖv_wgK wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb dj Ges cÖv_wgK wk¶v_©x‡`i †hvM¨Zv I wkLb dj m¤ú‡K© c~Y© cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q|
• cwiKwíZ wkLbdj †hvM¨Zv mdjfv‡e AwR©Z nq|
3. RvZxq cix¶vmn cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z mKj e¨e¯’v I a¨vb-aviYv m¤ú‡K© cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q|
• cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡`i Kvw•¶Z wkLb dj AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î mdjZvi cwiPq †`q|
4. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x‡`i
g~j¨vqb I g~j¨vq‡bi nvwZqvi m¤ú‡K©
cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
233
(N) wkky m¤úwK©Z
aviYv
4. wkky‡`i weKvk
m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä eZ©gvb
Ges cvVcwiKíbvmn
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R I
g~j¨vq‡b Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv
hvq|
1. Ggbfv‡e cvV cwiKíbv I
†kÖwYK‡¶i Kvh©µg Dc¯’vcb K‡ib
hv‡Z wbgœwjwLZ w`K¸‡jv †`Lv hvq:
wbgœwjwLZ w`K we‡ePbv K‡i
†kªwYK‡¶i Kvh©µg Ges cvV-
cwiKíbv K‡ib:
• wkï‡`i wkL‡bi cÖwZ ¯^vfvweK
AvMÖn Ges Zv‡`i cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
aviYv|
• wk¶v_©x‡`i we`¨gvb Ávb
Ges Dcjwä we‡ePbvq
wb‡q wkLb ¯Íi wbY©q
Kiv|
• fvlvi h_vh_ e¨envi Ges wkÿK-
wkÿv_©xi, wkÿv_©x-wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨
wg_w®Œqv|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ ivLv|
• wewfbœ eqmx wkÿv_©x‡`i `„wófw½
m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä|
• me †¶‡ÎB wk¶v_©x‡`i
cÖ‡kœvËi ev Ab¨ KvR
w`‡q hvPvB Kivi my‡hvM
MÖnY|
• wkLb cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i
wbqš¿Y|
• wk¶v_©x‡`i Ggb fv‡e
wdWe¨vK †`b hv‡Z Zviv
fyj DËi w`‡Z wØav‡eva
K‡i bv|
• wk¶v_©x‡`i wPšÍvfvebv Kivi my‡hvM
cÖ`vb|
• wk¶v_©x‡`i KLbI
GKvKx KvR cÖ`vb Avevi
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i `‡j
KvR †`qv
• †Q‡j Ges †g‡q wkï‡`i cÖwZ mgvb
`„wófw½ Ges mvgvwRK, `„wóMZ,
RvwZMZ, fvlvMZ w`K we‡ePbv
Kiv|
• mKj wkï‡`i gZ/aviYv cÖKv‡k
mgvb my‡hvM `vb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
234
(O) AvBb-Kvbyb m¤ú‡K© aviYv
6. cÖPwjZ AvBb Kvbyb
I wewaMZ eva¨evaKZv
Ges Gi ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
mswkøó mK‡ji mv‡_
KvR Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä cÖ`k©b
K‡ib|
1. (K) PvKzwii wewfbœ kZ© Ges wewa
m¤ú‡K© fvjfv‡e cwiwPZ Ges me
†¶‡ÎB G m¤úwK©Z AvBb¸‡jv †g‡b
P‡jb|
mv¤úªwZK mg‡q cÖPwjZ
PvKzwiwewamn Ab¨vb¨ AvBb-
Kvbyb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi
†¶‡Î h‡_ó Ávb cÖ`k©b
K‡ib|
(L) mnKgx©‡`i mv‡_ PvKzwi wewa Ges
Ab¨vb¨ AvBb-Kvbyb cvjb m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
†¶Î : †ckvMZ AbykxjbwkL‡bi †¶Î gvb: GKRb wW‡cøvgvcÖvß
wk¶K Ki‡Z m¶g
†hvM¨Zv: AwR©Z n‡q‡Q wW‡cøvgvcÖvß Ges wbqwgZ
wk¶K‡`i m~PK
(K) cwiKíbv cÖYqb 7. wk¶v_©xiv Kvh©Kifv‡e
wkLb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ggbfv‡e Zv‡`i AvMÖn
m„wó Kiv Ges a‡i ivLv
I mwµq Kivi †KŠkjhy³
cvV-cwiKíbv cÖYqb|
1. wbqwgZ Ges avivevwnKfv‡e
Ggb cvV-cwiKíbv K‡ib hv‡Z
wbgœwjwLZ w`K¸‡jv cÖKvk cvq:
• mKj cvV`v‡bi †¶‡Î cvV-
cwiKíbv K‡i _v‡Kb|
• †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡`i
AwR©Ze¨ wkLb dj‡K
cÖvavb¨ cÖ`vb|
• wkLb dj, cvV¨vsk,
wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR, †kªwY
e¨e¯’vcbv Ges g~j¨vqb
cwiKíbv my¯úófv‡e wee„Z|
• wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK wk¶v`vb
c×wZ e¨envi| (G c×wZ
wk¶v_©xi wPšÍb Ges m„wókxj
cÖwµqv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i)
• †kªwY wfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx
†hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ wkLb dj
wba©viY|
• GKvKx, †Rvovq Ges
`jxqfv‡e KvR w`‡q
cvV`vb|
• Kvh©Ki cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb dj
g~j¨vqb|
• c~‡e©i g~j¨vqb djvd‡ji
mv‡_ m¤úK© †i‡L wkLb dj
Ges Kvh©µg wba©viY|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
235
• wk¶v_©x‡`i K„wóMZ,
ˆjw½K, mvgvwRK
A_ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖvmw½K
w`K¸‡jv‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q
mKj wk¶v_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Dcjwä|
• wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb‡K cÖvavb¨
`vb Ges †hLv‡b m¤¢e
†mLv‡b wk¶v_©x‡`i m„wókxj
wPšÍv Ki‡Z Drmvn `vb|
• wkLb dj wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨
g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi e¨envi|
• cwiKíbvq me ai‡Yi
DcKi‡Yi e¨envimn wkL‡bi
Ab¨vb¨ w`K¸‡jv we¯Í…Zfv‡e
e¨envi K‡ib|
• g~j¨vqb c×wZ h_vh_ Ges
ˆewPÎc~Y© (†hgb †gŠwLK
cÖkœ, ch©‡eÿY, wjwLZ KvR
BZ¨vw`)|
• mKj wkÿv_©x mwµqfv‡e
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri mv‡_
RwoZ _v‡K|
(L) cÖZ¨vkv 8. mKj wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K©
A‡bK D”Pvkv cÖ`k©b
K‡ib|
1. (K) mKj wkÿv_©x Zvi
AwfÁZv, Ávb Ges `¶Zv wb‡q
we`¨vj‡q Av‡m, Ggb wek¦vm
†cvlY K‡ib|
• mKj wkÿv_©x‡K me †ÿ‡Î
Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(L) †h‡Kv‡bv mvgvwRK A_ev
K…wóMZ cUf~wg †_‡K AvMZ
wk¶v_©x‡`i Dci Mfxi Av¯’v
Ges D”Pvkv cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K|
• mKj wkÿv_©x‡K DØy×
K‡i †h‡Kvb KwVb mgm¨vi
mgvavb Kivi †ÿ‡Î mnvqZv
cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(M) †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv 9. wk¶v_©x‡`i my¯úófv‡e
wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i
_v‡Kb|
1. (K) wk¶v_©x‡`i Kx Ki‡Z
n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© eqm‡K
we‡ePbvq †i‡L my¯úó Ges
msw¶ß wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i|
• †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xiv wb‡`©kbv
Abymv‡i KvR K‡i _v‡K|
• wcwUAvB wk¶v_©x hLb K_v
e‡jb †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©xi
g‡bv‡hvM Zuvi cÖwZ wbe×
_v‡K|
(L) kªeY‡hvM¨ Ges mwVKfv‡e
Kɯ^i e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
• wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri wel‡q
my¯úó wb‡`©kb cÖ`vb K‡ib
Ges we`¨vjq wkÿv_©xiv Zuvi
wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i wewfbœ KvR
K‡i _v‡K|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
236
10. wkL‡b AMÖMwZ jv‡fi
†¶‡Î cÖkœ Kivi `¶Zv
cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
1.(K) cvV Ges †kªwYK‡¶i
Kvh©µg cwiKíbvq cÖkœ Kiv‡K
¸iæZ¡ †`q|
• cvV-cwiKíbvq cÖkœ Kivi
my‡hvM _v‡K|
(L) mvaviYfv‡e cy‡iv K¬vm‡K cÖkœ
bv K‡i GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ
K‡ib|
• cÖavbZ GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K
j¶¨ K‡i cÖkœ Kiv nq|
(M) †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä
wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœ K‡i
_v‡Kb, cÖkœ Avnevb K‡ib Ges
DËi w`‡q _v‡Kb|
• mKj Qv·K K_v ejvi/ cÖkœ
Kivi my‡hvM †`qv nq|
(N) wk¶v_©x‡`i fyj DËi cÖ`v‡bi
†¶‡Î BwZevPKfv‡e DËi w`‡q
_v‡Kb|
• †Kv‡bv cÖ‡kœi DËi fyj n‡j
wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡K mwVK DËi
Luy‡R cvIqvi †¶‡Î mnvqZv
K‡ib|
(O) wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡Z
DrmvwnZ K‡ib|
• wk¶v_©xiv fyj DËi w`‡Z
wØavwš^Z nq bv|
• wk¶v_©xiv †Kv‡bv welq e¨vL¨v
Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœ K‡i _v‡K|
(N) †kÖwYK‡ÿi
cwi‡ek I e¨e¯’vcbv
11. mKj wkÿv_xi Ask-
MÖn‡Y mnvqK, D‡Ïk¨c~Y©,
BwZevPK, wbivc` Ges
mgZvi wfwˇZ wkLb
cwi‡ek eRvq iv‡Lb|
1. (K) †kÖwYKÿmn
†kÖwYK‡ÿi AvmevecÎ jvB‡eªwi
KY©vi/eyK KY©vi wkLb cwi‡ek
Dc‡hvMx K‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K|
†kÖwYK‡ÿi AvmevecÎ, eyK KY©vi
BZ¨vw` Ggb fv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K
†h-
(L) wkLb †kLv‡bvi Kv‡R
Pvwn`vi †cÖwÿ‡Z KL‡bv KL‡bv
AvmevecÎ c~Ytmw¾ZKiY K‡ib
(†hgb †Rvovq A_ev `jxq KvR,
f~wgKvwfbq A_ev Av‡jvPbvi
†ÿ‡Î)|
• wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB `j MVb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i AvuKv Qwe, †h
†Kvb †jLv †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ`k©b
Kiv nq|
(M) wkÿv_©x‡`i AvZ¥gh©v`v,
wkLb Ges m„wókxjZv m„wó‡Z
Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i
bvbv KvR †hgb AuvKv Qwe, †jLv
KweZv, Mí BZ¨vw` †kÖwYK‡ÿ
cÖ`wk©Z nq|
• eyK KY©v‡i wM‡q eB co‡Z
cv‡i
• mn‡RB Pjv‡div Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
237
• mKj QvÎ ¯^”Q‡›`¨ KvR
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• mKj Qv‡Îi †jLvi Rb¨
h‡_ó RvqMv Ges myweav
_v‡K|
• mKj wkÿv_©x wkÿK‡K
¯úófv‡e ïb‡Z Ges †`L‡Z
cv‡i|
• †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©x hLb GKv
GKv KvR K‡i ZLb wkÿK
†hb Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
• mKj wkÿv_©xi KvR we‡kl
K‡i Zv‡`i AuvKv Qwe
†kÖwYK‡ÿ mKj mgq A_ev
wewfbœ mgq cÖ`wk©Z n‡q
_v‡K|
• mwVKfv‡e Ges cwi®‹vifv‡e
`k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiY (†hgb
Qwe, †h‡Kv‡bv †jLv,
gvbwPÎ, kã, eY©PvU© BZ¨vw`)
cÖ`wk©Z n‡q _v‡K|
12. †kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbvi
†ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i
Pvwn`v, mvg_©¨ Ges mgZv
AMÖvwaKvi cvq|
1. (K) wkÿv_©x‡`i mvg_©¨
we‡ePbv K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
• we`¨vjq wkÿv_©x‡`i mnR
†_‡K µgvš^‡q KwVb Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nq, hv‡Z
Zv‡`i mvg_©¨ cwic~Y©fv‡e
cÖKvk cvq|
(L) wkÿv_©xiv mg¯Í mgq wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kv‡R e¨¯Í _v‡Kb|
• cÖvq mg¯Í mgq a‡i
wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kv‡R e¨¯Í iv‡Lb|
(M) mg‡qi Kvh©Ki e¨envi Kiv
nq hv‡Z †kÖwY K‡ÿ cÖ‡Z¨K
wkÿv_©xi mgq cwic~Y©fv‡e
e¨envi nq|
• hLb †hgb cÖ‡qvRb nq
†Zgbfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i
GKvKx, `jxqfv‡e Ges mgMÖ
†kÖwYMZfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i
KvR fvM K‡i †`b|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
238
(N) we`¨vjq wkÿv_©x‡`i †h‡Kvb
mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î, cÖkœ I
DËi`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Ges g~j¨vq‡bi
†ÿ‡Î mgZv weavb‡K AMÖvwaKvi
†`qv nq|
• cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges wbgœ
cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i
†Ljva~jvi cÖPzi my‡hvM †`qv
nq Ges †Kv‡bv wKQy cixÿv
Kivi my‡hvM †`qv nq|
(O) wkÿv_©x‡`i †Ljv-ayjv Mvb
Ave„wË BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
e¨¯Í iv‡L|
• Kvh©Kifv‡e †Kv‡bv welq
e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ wkÿK
cvV¨cy¯ÍK, eø¨vK‡evW©, Qwe
Ges DcKiY e¨envi K‡ib|
(P) evsjv, MwYZ, weÁvbmn
mKj wel‡q wewfbœ †Mgm †Lj‡Z
wkÿv_©x‡`i Drmvn †`b|
• welqwfwËK wewfbœ †Mgm
†Lj‡Z †`b Ges DrmvwnZ
K‡ib|
• wkÿv_©xiv e¨w³MZ Ges `jxq
DcKiY †hgb †Ljva~jv,
IqvK©wkU, IqvK©eyK, cv‡Vi
Rb¨ eB BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
wkLb jvf K‡ib|
13. wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_
BwZevPK Ges m¤§vbm~PK
m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ
ai‡bi †KŠk‡ji e¨envi
K‡i _v‡Kb|
1. (K) wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wb‡R
BwZevPK AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡ib
Ges †kÖwY wkÿv_©x‡`i BwZevPK
KvR Ki‡Z DØy× K‡ib|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Zv‡`i fv‡jv
KvR Ges AvPi‡Yi Rb¨
cÖvqB cÖksmv K‡i _v‡Kb|
(L) wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ eÜyZ¡c~Y©,
wek¦vmx Ges †ckvMZ m¤úK© ¯’vcb
K‡ib|
• wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨
eÜyZ¡ I gh©v`vc~Y© m¤úK©
we`¨gvb _v‡K|
(M) cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i
cÖksmv Ges Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(P) DcKiY e¨envi 14. h_vh_ Ges ¯’vbxqfv‡e
cvIqv hvq Ggb wkÿv
DcKiY wbe©vPb Ges
e¨envi K‡ib|
1. wbgœwjwLZ DcKiY¸‡jv
mvaviYfv‡e e¨envi K‡ib:
• wkLb Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ
DcKiY Ges ¯’vbxq cÖhyw³
e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
• cvV¨cy¯ÍK, • wkÿv DcKiY cwiKwíZfv‡e
e¨envi nq|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
239
• †cv÷vi, gvbwPÎ Ges
Ab¨vb¨ `„k¨gvb DcKiY,
• wkÿv_©xivI h_vh_fv‡e
Ges AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_
wkLb DcKiY e¨envi K‡i
_v‡Kb|
• me ai‡bi covi eB,
• †Ljv-ayjvi DcKiY,
• A¨vevKvmmn MYbvi Rb¨
Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY,
2. cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwYi Rb¨
wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljvi cyZzj,
wewfbœ ai‡bi eøK, msL¨v, eY©
wPwýZ eøK Ges Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwYi
Dchy³ mn-cvVµwgK DcKiY
wbqwgZfv‡e e¨envi K‡ib|
15. wkÿK mnRjf¨
wewfbœ `ªe¨vw` e¨envi K‡i
wkÿv DcKiY wb‡RB ˆZwi
K‡ib|
1. (K) mnRjf¨ wewfbœ `ªe¨vw`i
mvnv‡h¨ wbgœwjwLZ mvaviY Dc-
KiY¸‡jv ˆZwi ev msMÖn K‡ib-
• †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó wkLb
†kLv‡bv Kv‡R e¨env‡ii
Rb¨ wkÿK cwiKwíZfv‡e
DcKiY ˆZwi K‡i _v‡Kb|
• MYbvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvß
†hgb †ZZyjexR, gv‡e©j,
†Qvjv
• wbgœ †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i
wPšÍv/Kíbv‡K cÖmvwiZ Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ ev¯Íe DcKiY e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• wkÿv_©x, wkÿ‡Ki AuvKv
Qwe A_ev cwÎKv, g¨vMvwRb
A_ev eB‡q AuvKv Qwe,
d‡UvKwc Kiv
• ¯’vbxqfv‡e msM„nxZ M‡íi/
covi eB
16. wkLb‡K mnvqZv
†`qvi Rb¨ Z_¨ I cÖhy-
w³mn Ab¨vb¨ cÖhyw³ (†hgb
†gvevBj †dvb) h_vh_fv‡e
e¨envi Kiv nq|
1. (K) Bs‡iwR I evsjv wel‡q
fvlv `ÿZv Abykxj‡bi Rb¨
m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î †gvevBj †dvb
Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨envi K‡i
• Kvh©Ki fv‡e †gvevBj †dvb
e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i
wkL‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb
K‡ib|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
240
L) weÁvb wel‡q e¨envwiK Kv‡R
¯’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ I mn‡R
e¨envi †hvM¨ DcKiY e¨envi
K‡i _v‡Kb|
• weÁv‡b e¨envwiK Kv‡R
A_ev †Kv‡bv cÖ‡R‡±i Kv‡R
¯’vbxq fv‡e mnRjf¨ cÖhyw³
(†hgb †ejyb, cwigvYhš¿,
Zvi BZ¨vw`) e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î
Drmvn cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
(Q) g~j¨vqb 17. h_vh_ g~j¨vqb †KŠkj
cwiKíbv I e¨envi K‡ib|
1. (K) cvV-cwiKíbvq Ges
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿv_©x‡`i
cwiKwíZ wkLb dj Kvh©Kifv‡e
g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ h_vh_ †KŠkj
wPwýZ K‡i _v‡Kb|
• cÖwZwU cvV-cwiKíbvi mv‡_
wee„Z wkLb dj Abymv‡i
g~j¨vqb †KŠkj DwjøwLZ
_v‡K|
(L) GKwU wbwÏ©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi
MvVwbK Ges mvgwóK g~j¨vqb
†KŠkj e¨envi K‡ib|
• cvV-cwiKíbvq wewfbœ
ai‡bi MvVwbK Ges mvgwóK
g~j¨vqb c×wZ e¨env‡ii
cwiKíbv Kiv nq|
18. wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb
K‡i †gŠwLK Ges wjwLZ
wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb K‡ib|
1. (K) we`¨vjq wkÿv_©x‡`i
wba©vwiZ Ávb I `ÿZv AR©‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv w`‡q
_v‡Kb (GRb¨ wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ
K‡i A_ev Zvi KvR g~j¨vqb
K‡i †gŠwLK I wjwLZ wdWe¨vK
w`‡q _v‡Kb)
• wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i wewfbœ
KvR ch©‡eÿY K‡ib, Zv‡`i
KvR ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK
Ges MVbg~jKfv‡e Zv‡`i
wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(L) wkÿv_©xi wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ
wbY©‡qi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK Ges
AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb c×wZ
cwiKíbv K‡ib Ges my‡hvMg‡Zv
Zv e¨envi K‡ib|
• wkÿv_©xi cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri
AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv
jv‡fi Rb¨ wkÿK GKvKx,
`jxqfv‡e Ges mgMÖ †kÖwY‡K
cÖkœ K‡i|
M) wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ K‡i
wewfbœ wjwLZ KvR w`‡q A_ev
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i
_v‡Kb|
• wkÿv_©xi Kv‡R A_ev K_v
ejvi †ÿ‡Î AbymÜvb
K‡i wkÿv_©xi cÖK…Z Ae¯’v
Abyave‡bi †Póv K‡i|
(N) wkLb Kv‡R wkÿv_©xi e¨_©Zv
mnRfv‡e wb‡q cwic~Y© wkL‡bi
Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi g~j¨vqb‡K
e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
• wkL‡bi ÿz`ª ÿz`ªª wel‡qI
cÖvavb¨ w`‡q wkÿK
g~j¨vq‡bi †MÖwWs cÖ`vb
K‡ib|
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
241
• wkÿv_©xi wjwLZ Kv‡R
wkÿ‡Ki gšÍe¨ Zv‡K AviI
wPšÍv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i|
19. g~j¨vqb Ges wewfbœ
cixÿv †_‡K AvnwiZ Z_¨
we‡kølY K‡i cÖvß wm×všÍ
cwiKíbv Kivi †ÿ‡Î Ges
wkÿv_©xi wkLb Dbœq‡bi
Kv‡R e¨envi K‡ib|
1. (K) mwVK mg‡q MvVwbK
g~j¨vqb cwiKwíZ Ges AbywôZ
nq|
1. (K) mvgwóK cixÿv ïaygvÎ
wjwLZ cixÿv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv
nq bv eis Zv wewfbœ ai‡bi g~-
j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g †hgb ¯^vaxbfv‡e
wjL‡Z †`qv, ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYwf-
wËK Av‡jvPbv, †gŠwLK cÖ‡kœvËi
BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q M„nxZ nq|
(L) g~j¨vq‡bi KvR¸‡jv Ggb-
fv‡e cwiKwíZ nq hv ïaygvÎ
wkÿv_©xi Ôcybivq g‡b Kivi
welqwU cixwÿZ nq bv eis Zvi
m„wókxjZv Ges wPšÍvkw³‡KI
cixÿv Kiv nqÕ|
(L) wkÿv_©xi cvi`wk©Zv cwi®‹vi
Ges ¯’vqx †iKW© msiÿY Kiv nq|
(M) mgMÖ †kÖwYwfwËK Ges cÖwZwU
wkÿv_©xi wkLb AMÖMwZi g~j¨vqb
†iKW©mn wkÿv_©xi wkLb AMÖMwZ
Ges Pvwn`vi †iKW© msiÿY Kiv
nq|
(M) cvV-cwiKíbv Kivi †ÿ‡Î
g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨‡K
we‡ePbvq †bqv nq|
†ÿÎ : †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva Ges m¤úK© ¯’vcb
wkL‡bi †ÿÎ gvb : GKRb wW‡cøvgvcÖvß wkÿ‡Ki
mÿgZv
AwR©Z †hvM¨Zv wW‡cøvgvcÖvß Ges wbqwgZ wkÿK‡`i cvi`wk©Zvi
m~PK
(K) mgZvi cÖwZ A½xKvi 20. cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi g‡a¨
wbwnZ m¤¢vebv c~Y© gvÎvq
weKv‡ki AwaKvimn GKxf~Z
wkÿv, AwURg, b¨vqcivqYZv
Ges mgZvi cÖwZ A½xKvi
wkÿ‡Ki wewfbœ Kv‡Ri ga¨
w`‡q cÖKvk cvq|
1. (K) cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi Ávb,
`ÿZv, AvMÖn Ges mwµqZv
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Dcjwä|
• wkÿK cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi
mv‡_ BwZevPKfv‡e
†gjv‡gkv K‡ib Ges
cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K©
D”Pvkv †cvlY K‡ib|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
242
(L) wj½, ag©, RvwZ, fvlv,
eY©, ˆ`wnK AÿgZv A_ev
Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb wb-
we©‡k‡l wkÿK mKj wkïi
Pvwn`v mwVKfv‡e Ges mg-
Zvi wfwˇZ c~iY K‡ib|
• cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi
e¨w³MZ welq m¤ú‡K©
cwic~Y©fv‡e Rv‡bb Ges
†m Ávb wkL‡bi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z K‡i _v‡Kb|
• mKj wkÿv_©xi cÖwZ
wkÿ‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM
_v‡K|
• mvgvwRK, K…wóMZ,
ˆjw½K, ag©xq, RvZxq,
fvlvMZ Ges Avw_©K
Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l mKj
wkï mvgvwRKfv‡e Ges
Zv‡`i wkLb wbwðZ
Kivi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y©
mdj| • wkÿv_©x‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv
ai‡bi AÿgZv m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZb _v‡Kb Ges
Zv‡`i wkLb wbwðZ
Kivi Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv
I wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kv‡R wba©vwiZ Kvh©µg
cwiKíbv K‡ib|
(L) wPšÍb Abykxjb Ges †ckvMZ Dbœqb
21. mgMÖ wkÿKZvi Rxe‡b
†ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ Ges
mwµqfv‡e wPšÍb Abykxj‡bi
cÖwZ A½xKvi cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
1. (K) wkÿv`vb `ÿZv
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Ges Zv
mgq mgq AvaywbKvq‡bi
Rb¨ avivevwnK cÖwkÿ‡Yi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡ib|
• cÖwkÿYmn wkÿK‡`i
†ckv Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ
D‡`¨vM m¤ú‡K©
cwic~Y©fv‡e m‡PZb|
(L) wkÿKZv †ckv Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ A¨vKkb wimvP© ev †jmb
÷vwW e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
• A¨vKkb wimvP© ev †jmb
÷vwW K‡i _v‡Kb
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
243
(M) wkÿv`v‡b cvi`wk©Zv
AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnKg©x Ges
†ckvRxex‡`i civgk©
BwZevPKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i
_v‡Kb|
• mnKg©x wkÿ‡Ki
†h‡Kv‡bv BwZevPK
wdWe¨vK MÖnY K‡i
†m Abymv‡i KvR K‡i
_v‡Kb|
(M) ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ AskMÖnY
22. gv-evev, AwffveK
Ges ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_
Kvh©Kifv‡e we`¨vjq
Dbœq‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖn‡Yi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K©
c~Y©gvÎvq mRvM|
1. (K) we`¨vjq Ges
¯’vbxq RbMY mK‡ji mv‡_
BwZevPK Ges †ckvMZ m¤úK©
¯’vc‡b mwµq n‡q _v‡Kb Ges
mKj‡K mgvbfv‡e wePvi
K‡ib|
• wkÿK, wkÿv_©x Ges
Zv‡`i gv-evevi cÖwZ
BwZevPK g‡bvfve
cÖKvk K‡ib|
• wkÿK Zuvi AvPi‡Yi
gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi
g‡a¨ AbyKiYxq PwiÎ
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nb|
• cÖvK-cÖv_wgK fwZ©
nIqvi mgq †_‡K
wkÿK wkÿv_©xi
cwiev‡ii mv‡_ PgrKvi
m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib|
• wkÿK cÖ‡qvR‡b
wjwLZfv‡e gv-evevi
mv‡_ Zv‡`i mšÍvb
m¤ú‡K© †hvMv‡hvM K‡i
_v‡Kb|
• wkÿK cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i
wkÿv_©xi M„n cwi`k©b
K‡ib|
• cvV cwiKíbvq ¯’vbxq
RbMY A_ev cwi‡ek
m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki aviYv
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q _v‡K|
(N) mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv
23. `jxq m`m¨ wn‡m‡e
mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ KvR K‡i
_v‡Kb|
1. K) we`¨vj‡qi mKj
mnKg©xi Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRb
Abymv‡i mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb
K‡i _v‡Kb|
• mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_
PgrKvi m¤úK© Dc‡fvM
K‡i _v‡Kb|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
244
L) mnKg©x wkÿK‡`i †kÖwY
Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY K‡i
_v‡Kb|
• †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi Ø›Ø
Gwo‡q P‡jb Ges Giƒc
†Kv‡bv mgm¨vi D™¢e
n‡j Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
Zvi mgvavb K‡ib|
M) †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY K‡i
BwZevPK wdWe¨vK w`‡q
_v‡Kb|
• Av‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g ci¯ú‡ii
wkÿv`vb, `ÿZvq
DrKl©Zv mva‡bi †ÿ‡Î
mnvqZv K‡i _v‡Kb|
gšÍe¨ : DËxY©/AbyËxY©
g~j¨vqbKvixi ¯^vÿi I ZvwiL wmj
4_© Uvg© †k‡l wbR we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v Ges BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i/mnKvix Bb÷ªv±‡ii gšÍe¨ A_ev cÖ`Ë †MÖW Ges 1-3 Uv‡g© cÖvß †MÖW I 4_© Uv‡g© mswkøó Bb÷ªv±‡ii cÖ`Ë †MÖ‡Wi wfwˇZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi cvm/†dj wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
245245
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
21
ch©‡e¶Y †PKwj÷
cÖavb wk¶K I mnKvix wk¶‡Ki e¨env‡ii Rb¨ we`¨vj‡qi bvg
wk¶‡Ki bvg :†kÖwY : welq : ZvwiL :cv‡Vi welqe¯Íy : wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi mgq : ïiæ †kl
welqe¯Íy Dc¯’vcb cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
80%
cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AvswkK-fv‡e †`Lv hvq
70%
†gvUvgywUfv‡e †`Lv hvq
60%
AvswkK †`Lv hvq 50%
me mgq †`Lv hvq bv Z‡e gv‡S g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq 40%
†hvM¨Zv
Ávb m¤úwK©Z
• cvV cwiKíbvq cwiKwíZ wkLb dj h_vh_
• cvV cwiKíbvq cwiKwíZ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj I KvR h_vh_
• cvV cwiKíbvq cwiKwíZ DcKi‡Yi e¨envi wkLb dj AR©‡b mnvqK
• ¯ÍiwfwËK cwiKwíZ KvR h_vh_ fv‡e cwiKwíZ
Abykxjb
• wk¶v_©x‡`i c~e©Ávb hvPvB Kiv nq
• wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cwiKwíZ wkLb dj AR©‡bi Rb¨ h_vh_
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
246
• †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g GKvKx, †Rvovq Ges `jxqfv‡e KvR †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K
• wk¶v_©x‡`i wewfbœfv‡e cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib
• wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM †`b
• †kÖwY‡Z wb‡`©k`v‡bi fvlvmn e¨en«Z fvlv wk¶v_©x mn‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡i
• mgq e¨e¯’vcbv h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b Pjv nq
• cwVZ welq m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©x‡`i Dcjwä gv‡Sg‡a¨B cix¶v K‡i †`‡Lb
• e¨eüZ DcKiY wk¶v_©x‡`i Dcjwä‡Z mnvqZv K‡i
• ¯Íi Abymv‡i MwVZ †QvU`‡ji Kvh©µg h_vh_wkLb cwi‡ek (m¤úK© I AvPiY m¤úwK©Z )
• †kÖwYK‡¶i cwi‡ek wkLb Dc‡hvMx
• †g‡q wkïmn mKj wkï‡K me Kv‡R mgvb my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡”Q
• wk¶v_©xiv ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡Q
• †g‡q wkïmn mKj wkï m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb
mvwe©K gšÍe¨
ch©‡e¶‡Ki bvg I c`we :
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
247
¯^v¶i :
we. `ª. mvwe©K gšÍe¨ †jLvi †¶‡Î †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e-
¾ wk¶vµg, welqe¯Íymn †kÖwY wk¶v_©x‡`i m¤ú‡K© aviYv ¾ †kÖwYK‡¶ wkLb cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi †¶‡Î `¶Zv ¾ mKj wkïi wkLb jv‡fi Rb¨ h_vh_ Kvh©µg MÖn‡Y `¶Zv ¾ †kÖwY I mgq e¨e¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î ZrciZv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
248
†kÖwY cvV-ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷
(cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Bb÷ªv±‡ii e¨env‡ii Rb¨)
ch©‡eÿ‡Ki bvg :
we`¨vjq :
welq :-------------------------- cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ : ---------------------
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ZvwiL :
* duvKv ¯’v‡b wUK wPý w`b|
1| welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb [cÖavbZ Ávb m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq*
†`Lv hvq bv
• cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i mv‡_ Dc¯’vwcZ welqe¯‘i Z_¨MZ m½wZ
• Dc¯’vwcZ welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Mfxi Dcjwä eZ©gvb
• wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© aviYvi cÖKvk h_vh_
gšÍe¨ :
2| wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj [Ávb I Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z †KŠkj]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• cvwÿK cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv Kiv nq Ges †m Abymv‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq|
• wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wkLbjv‡fi Rb¨ h_vh_
• gvwëwgwWqv e¨envi K‡i Dc ’vcb Kiv nq, hv wkÿv_©x‡`i Dcjwäi †ÿ‡Î mnvqK
• wkÿv_©x ïaygvÎ e³…Zv Ges cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g cvV`vb K‡ib bv, eis `jxq, †Rvovq KvR †`b, cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib Ges wRÁvmv Kivi my‡hvM †`b
• wkÿv_©xi Dcjwä gv‡Sg‡a¨B cixÿv K‡ib
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
249
gšÍe¨ :
3| †kÖwY Kvh©µg [Ávb I Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• wkÿv_©x‡`i c~e©Ávb hvPvB Kiv nq
• mgq e¨e¯’vcbv h_vh_
• †QvU`‡j Ges wgkÖ`‡j wewfbœ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb dj AwR©Z nq
• we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e nq
gšÍe¨ :
4| †hvMv‡hvM [Ávb I Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• †kÖwYKvh©µ‡g wkÿv_©xi mKj ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvM (cÖkœ Kiv, wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb, e¨vL¨v) Kvh©Ki, ¯úó Ges †evaMg¨ nq|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i mvov`vb (DËi cÖ`vb, gZvgZ cÖKvk, AskMÖnY)-†K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq Ges h_vh_ g~j¨ †`Iqv|
• wkÿv_©x‡`i I wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqv `„k¨gvb
gšÍe¨ :
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
250
5| DcKiY [Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• †kÖwYKvh©µ‡g e¨eüZ DcKiY cvV m¤úwK©Z Ges wkÿv_©xi wkL‡b mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
• wkÿv_©xi GKvKx Ges `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ DcKiY e¨envi Kiv nq
gšÍe¨ :
6| g~j¨vqb [Ávb I Abyjxjb m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• wkÿv_©x‡`i Ávb Ges `ÿZv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM †`qv n‡”Q
• wkÿv_©x‡`i KvR wbqwgZfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv nq
• wkÿv_©x‡`i fyj-ÎæwU ms‡kva‡b AvšÍwiK Ges Zv wkL‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó mnvqK|
gšÍe¨ :
7| wkLb cwi‡ek [AvPiY m¤úwK©Z †hvM¨Zv]
†hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywifv‡e †`Lv hvq
wKQzUv †`Lv hvq
†`Lv hvq bv
• wkL‡bi Kv‡R wkÿv_©xiv ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i
• †kÖwYK‡ÿi mKj wkï‡K me Kv‡R mgvb my‡hvM †`qv nq
• †g‡qmn mKj wkÿv_©x‡K Zv‡`i Pvwn`v Abymv‡i KvR †`qv nq
• †g‡qmn mKj wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq Ges cÖkœ Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq
gšÍe¨ :
wkÿKgvb g~j¨vqb
251
we‡kl gšÍe¨ :
cwi`k©bKvixi ¯^vÿi I ZvwiL wmj we`¨vj‡qi wmj
we‡kl `ªóe¨
• †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY e¨ZxZ, †kÖwYi evB‡i, wewfbœ Kv‡R †hgb mvgvwRK KvR, †Ljvayjv, †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡b wkÿv_©xi Ávb, `ÿZv Ges we‡kl K‡i `„wófw½i cÖKvk ch©‡eÿY Kiv hvq| Zv AbvbyôvwbK n‡jI cÖgvYmn w`b, ZvwiL, †ÿÎ Ges Kxfv‡e Zv ch©‡ewÿZ Zvi D‡jøLmn †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi welqwU †iKW© K‡i wkÿv_©xi †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e| Bb÷ªv±i wb‡RI Wv‡qwi‡Z wj‡L ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
• KZ¸‡jv we‡kl `ÿZv †hgb K_v ejv (Ave„wË, e³e¨), †hvMv‡hvM (f‚wgKvwfbq, bvU‡K Awfbq, †kÖwYK‡ÿi evB‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i cvi¯úwiK K_vevZ©v), mgqvbyewZ©Zv, wbqg-Kvbyb Rvbv I †g‡b Pjv, we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb, AvbyôvwbK ev AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖgvYmn w`b, ZvwiL, †ÿÎ Ges Kxfv‡e Zv ch©‡ewÿZ Zvi D‡jøLmn †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi welqwU †iKW© Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK, wkÿK, wkÿv_©xi gv-evev Ges AwffveK, mK‡ji mv‡_ mym¤úK© eZ©gvb| (†mŠRb¨‡eva, m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv, K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv Ges DËi cÖ`vb|)
252
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
22
Terminal Competencies EnglishListening
1. to recognize basic English sound differences, stress and intonation.
2. to understand simple commands, instructions and requests and carry them out.
3. to understand simple questions and statements.
4. to listen to, understand and enjoy simple rhymes, poems and stories.
Speaking
1. to use English sounds, stress and intonation appropriately .
2. to exchange greetings and farewells and to make introductions.
3. to ask and answer questions .
4. to recite rhymes and poems.
5. to say the names of the days of the week and the months, and to tell the time.
6. to talk about simple things and actions.
7. to give instructions, commands and to make requests.
8. to take part in conversations on topics related to students’ daily life.
Reading
1. to read aloud texts with proper pronunciation, stress and intonation.
2. to recognize and read both cardinal and ordinal numbers.
3. to read the names of the days of the week, the months and the time.
4. to read aloud poems with proper stress and intonation.
5. to read silently with understanding paragraphs, stories and other text materials.
6. to read instructions and carry them out.
7. to recognize punctuation marks and read accordingly.
Writing
1. to write non-cursive and cursive letters both capital and small.
2. to write cardinal and ordinal numbers.
3. to write words, phrases and sentences using non-cursive and cursive letters both capital and small.
253
Terminal Competencies English
4. to write figures for words and words for figures.
5. to use punctuation marks.
6. to use capital letters.
7. to write the names of the days of the week and the months, and to write the time.
8. to write words, phrases and sentences correctly.
9. to take dictation.
10. to write short and simple compositions.
11. to write simple personal letters.
12. to fill in simple forms.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
254
Cla
ss-w
ise at
tain
able
com
pete
ncie
sC
lass
V
1.1
to r
ecog
nize
sou
nd
diffe
renc
es in
the
con-
text
of w
ords
.
1.2
to
re
cogn
ize
whi
ch
sylla
ble
in
a w
ord
is st
ress
ed.
1.3
to
re
cogn
ize
whi
ch w
ords
in a
sen
-te
nce
are
stre
ssed
.
1.4
to
re
cogn
ize
and
use i
nton
atio
n pa
t-te
rns f
or W
h- an
d Ye
s/N
o qu
estio
ns,
gree
t-in
gs a
nd st
atem
ents
.
2.1
to
carr
y ou
t sim
-pl
e co
mm
ands
and
in-
stru
ctio
ns.
2.2
to c
arry
out
a s
et
of c
omm
ands
and
in
-st
ruct
ions
.
2.3
to
com
ply
with
re
ques
ts.
e.g.
C
an
you…
…?
Cou
ld/
Wou
ld y
ou…
..?
Cla
ss IV
1.1
to r
ecog
nize
sou
nd
diffe
renc
es i
n th
e co
n-te
xt o
f wor
ds.
1.2
to
reco
gniz
e w
hich
sy
llabl
e in
a
wor
d is
stre
ssed
.
1.3
to
re
cogn
ize
whi
ch w
ords
in
a se
n-te
nce
are
stre
ssed
.
1.4
to
rec
ogni
ze a
nd
use
into
natio
n pa
ttern
s fo
r
Wh
and
Yes/
No
ques
tions
, gre
etin
gs a
nd
stat
emen
ts.
2.1
to c
arry
out
sim
-pl
e co
mm
ands
and
in
-st
ruct
ions
.
2.2
to c
arry
out
a s
et o
f co
mm
ands
and
inst
ruc-
tions
.
2.3
to c
ompl
y w
ith
requ
ests
. e.g
.
C
an
you…
…?
Cou
ld/W
ould
you
…..?
Cla
ss II
I
1.1
to
reco
gniz
e En
glish
soun
d di
ffer-
ence
s in
the
con
text
of
wor
ds.
1.2
t
o re
cogn
ize
whi
ch s
ylla
ble
in a
w
ord
is st
ress
ed.
1.3
to
re
cogn
ize
whi
ch
wor
ds
in
a se
nten
ce a
re st
ress
ed
2.1
to c
arry
out
sim
-pl
e co
mm
ands
and
-in
stru
ctio
ns.
2.2-
----
--
2.3
t
o r
espo
ndto
re
ques
ts.
e.g.
Can
you
….?
Cla
ss II
1.1
to
be-
com
e fa
mili
ar
with
En
glish
so
unds
by
liste
n-in
g to
com
mon
En
glish
wor
ds.
2.1
to
fol-
low
sim
ple
com
-m
ands
an
d in
-st
ruct
ions
. e.g
. O
pen
......
, Clo
se
.....,
Repe
at .
......
..,
etc.
Cla
ss I
1.1
to b
ecom
e fa
mili
ar w
ith E
ng-
lish
soun
ds b
y lis
-te
ning
to co
mm
on
Engl
ish w
ords
.
2.1
to
follo
w
simpl
e co
mm
ands
an
d in
stru
ctio
ns.
e.g..
Stan
d up
. Sit
dow
n. C
ome h
ere.
Go
ther
e.
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
List
enin
g1.
to
re
cogn
ize
basic
Eng
lish
soun
d di
ffere
nces
, st
ress
an
d in
tona
tion.
2.
t
o un
ders
tand
sim
ple
com
man
ds,
inst
ruct
ions
and
re-
ques
ts
an
d ca
rry
them
out
.
255
Terminal Competencies EnglishC
lass
-wise
atta
inab
le co
mpe
tenc
ies
Cla
ss V
3.1
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
ab
out
the
stud
ents
.
3.2
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
abo
ut fa
mily
, fr
iend
s an
d co
mm
u-ni
ty o
f stu
dent
s.
3.3
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
ab
out
ob-
ject
s aro
und
them
.
3.4
to
unde
rsta
nd
stat
emen
ts m
ade b
y the
te
ache
r and
stud
ents
.
4.1
—
4.2t
o en
joy
and
unde
r-st
and
simpl
e st
orie
s.
4.3
to
enj
oy a
nd u
n-de
rsta
nd
simpl
e po
-em
s.
Cla
ss IV
3.1
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
ask
ed
abou
t th
e st
uden
ts.
3.2
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
abo
ut f
amily
, fr
iend
s and
nei
ghbo
rs o
f st
uden
ts.
3.3
to
unde
rsta
nd
ques
tions
abo
ut o
bjec
ts
arou
nd th
em.
3.4
to
un
ders
tand
st
atem
ents
mad
e by
the
te
ache
r and
stud
ents
.
4.1
—
4.2
to e
njoy
and
und
er-
stan
d
s
impl
e sto
ries.
4.3
to e
njoy
and
und
er-
stan
d sim
ple
poem
s.
Cla
ss II
I
3.1
to
unde
r-st
and
simpl
e qu
es-
tions
a
bout
fam
-ily
, the
stu
dent
s an
d fr
iend
s.
3.2
to
unde
r-st
and
ques
tions
ab
out
fam
iliar
ob
-je
cts.
3.3
to
unde
r-st
and
stat
emen
ts.
4.1
to
enjo
y si
mpl
e rh
ymes
.
4.2
to e
njoy
and
un
ders
tand
sim
ple
stor
ies.
4.3
to
enj
oy a
nd
unde
rsta
nd
simpl
e po
ems.
Cla
ss II
3.1
to
un-
ders
tand
sim
ple
ques
tions
, st
ate-
men
ts a
bout
the
stud
ents
and
fam
iliar
th
ings
ar
ound
them
.
4.1
to
enjo
y th
e rh
ythm
and
m
usic
of
simpl
e rh
ymes
.
4.2
to
enjo
y sim
ple
stor
ies.
Cla
ss I
3.1
to
un-
ders
tand
sim
ple
ques
tions
as
ked
by
the
teac
her
abou
t th
e st
u-de
nts
and
a fe
w
fam
iliar
ob
ject
s, e.g
. W
hat’s
yo
ur
nam
e?
Wha
t’s
this?
3.2
to
un
-de
rsta
nd
simpl
e st
atem
ents
.
4.1
to
enjo
y th
e rh
ythm
an
d m
usic
of
sim
ple
rhym
es.
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
List
enin
g3.
to
un
der-
stan
d sim
ple
ques
-tio
ns an
d st
atem
ents
.
4.
to
liste
n to
, un-
ders
tand
and
enj
oy
simpl
e rh
ymes
, po
-em
s and
stor
ies.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
256
Cla
ss-w
ise at
tain
able
com
pete
ncie
sC
lass
V
1.1
to
sa
y w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces
with
pr
oper
so
unds
, st
ress
and
into
natio
n.
2.1
to
ex
chan
ge
gree
tings
, fa
rew
ells
and
mak
e i
ntro
duc-
tions
. How
do
you
do?
Nic
e to
mee
t you
. etc
.
3.1
to
ask
and
an-
swer
Wh
and
Yes
/No
ques
tions
.
4.1
to
re
cite
po
-em
s.
Cla
ss IV
1.1
to
say w
ords
, phr
as-
es a
nd
sent
ence
s w
ith
prop
er
soun
ds, s
tres
s an
d in
to-
natio
n.
2.1
to
ex
chan
ge
gree
tings
, fa
rew
ells
and
mak
e sim
ple
self-
intr
o-du
ctio
ns/
intr
oduc
tions
. H
ow d
o yo
u do
?
3.1
to
ask
and
an-
swer
Wh
and
Yes
/No
ques
tions
.
4.1
to
reci
te p
oem
s .
Cla
ss II
I
1.1
to r
epea
t af
-te
r th
e te
ache
r an
d sa
y w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces
with
pr
oper
sou
nds
and
stre
ss.
2.1
to
exch
ange
gr
eetin
gs
and
fare
-w
ells
and
mak
e sim
-pl
e se
lf –i
ntro
duc-
tions
Goo
d m
orni
ng! H
el-
lo, H
i, By
e, Se
e yo
u,
etc .
3.1
to
ask
and
answ
er
simpl
e W
h an
d Ye
s/N
o qu
es-
tions
.
4.1
to
re
peat
rh
ymes
an
d sim
-pl
e po
ems
after
the
te
ache
r and
reci
te.
Cla
ss II
1.1
to r
epea
t aft
er t
he t
each
er
and
say
simpl
e w
ords
, ph
ras-
es
with
pr
oper
so
unds
an
d st
ress
.
2.1
to
say G
ood
mor
ning
! H
el-
lo!
Hi
! an
d as
k “H
ow a
re y
ou”?
an
d re
ply
by sa
y-in
g “
I am
fine
, th
ank
you”
, etc
.
3.1
to
ask
and
answ
er
ques
tions
ab
out
the
stud
ents
and
fa
mili
ar o
bjec
ts.
4.1
to r
epea
t rh
ymes
afte
r th
e te
ache
r an
d re
-ci
te.
Cla
ss I
1.1
to
repe
at
after
the
tea
cher
an
d sa
y sim
ple
wor
ds a
nd p
hras
-es
and
sing
the A
l-ph
abet
Son
g.
2.1
to
say
Goo
d m
orni
ng,
Hel
lo!
Hi!
Bye-
bye!
G
ood-
bye!
I’m
you
r En
glish
te
ache
r. M
y na
me
is……
……
……
3.1
to a
sk a
nd
answ
er
ques
tions
ab
out t
he st
uden
ts
and
a fe
w
fam
il-ia
r obj
ects
.
4.1
to
repe
at
and
reci
te r
hym
es
after
the
teac
her.
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Spea
king
1.
to
use
Eng
lish
soun
ds,
stre
ss
and
into
natio
n ap
prop
ri-at
ely
.
2.
to
exch
ange
gr
eetin
gs
and
fare
-w
ells
and
to m
ake
intr
oduc
tions
.
3.
to
ask
and
answ
er q
uest
ions
.
4.
to
reci
te
rhym
es a
nd p
oem
s.
257
Terminal Competencies EnglishC
lass
-wise
atta
inab
le co
mpe
tenc
ies
Cla
ss V
5.1
to t
ell t
he t
ime
(hou
rs
and
min
utes
) an
d m
entio
n a.
m./p
.m.
half
past
, qua
rter
pas
t, qu
arte
r to,
etc
.6.
1
to s
ay w
hat t
he
spea
ker
is do
ing
and
othe
rs a
re d
oing
.
6.2
to
talk
abo
ut p
eo-
ple,
obje
cts,
even
ts, e
tc.
7.1
to g
ive
inst
ruc-
tions
and
com
man
ds.
7.2
to
mak
e req
uest
s an
d to
resp
ond.
Giv
ing
shor
t an
swer
s C
ould
yo
u…?
Yes,
sure
. N
o,
Sorr
y, th
anks
. You
are
w
elco
me.
No
prob
lem
. Th
at’s
ok, e
tc.
8.1
to ta
ke p
art i
n co
n-ve
rsat
ions
on
ap
pro-
pria
te to
pics
.
Cla
ss IV
5.1
to te
ll th
e tim
e(ho
urs
only
) and
men
tion
a.m
./p.
m.
6.1
to
say
wha
t th
e sp
eake
r is
doin
g an
d ot
hers
are
doi
ng.
6.2
to
talk
abo
ut p
eo-
ple,
obje
cts,
even
ts, e
tc.
7.1
to g
ive
ins
truc
-tio
ns a
nd co
mm
ands
.
7.2
to
mak
e re
ques
ts
and
to r
espo
nd.
Cou
ld
you…
? Ye
s, su
re.
No,
So
rry,
than
ks.
You
are
wel
com
e, et
c.
8.1
to t
ake
part
in c
on-
vers
atio
ns
on
simpl
e to
pics
(lik
es/d
isli
kes,
ho
bbie
s, ho
liday
s, fa
m-
ily, f
riend
s, et
c.)
Cla
ss II
I
5.1
to
say t
he n
ames
of
the
mon
ths.
6.1
to
sa
y w
hat
the
spea
ker
is do
ing
and
othe
rs ar
e doi
ng.
6.2
t
o ta
lk a
bout
pe
ople
and
obj
ects
.
7.1
to
giv
e sim
-pl
e in
stru
ctio
ns a
nd
com
man
ds
7.2
to m
ake
re-
ques
ts
and
to
re-
spon
d.
Can
yo
u…?Y
es, s
ure.
No,
Sor
ry.
8.1
to
tak
e pa
rt
in s
impl
e c
onve
rsa-
tions
(exc
hang
ing
pers
on-
al in
form
atio
n)
Cla
ss II
5.1
to
sa
y th
e na
mes
of
th
e da
ys o
f the
wee
k.
6.1
-
----
---
6.2
--
----
--
7.1
to
giv
e sim
-pl
e in
stru
ctio
ns
and
com
man
ds.
8.1
to
ask
and
answ
er
simpl
e qu
estio
ns
abou
t ev
eryd
ay li
fe.
Cla
ss I
5.1
--
----
----
6.1
----
---
6.2
---
----
7.1
to
give
sim
ple
inst
ruct
ions
an
d co
mm
ands
.
8.1
--
----
--
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Spea
king
5.
to s
ay th
e na
mes
of
the
day
s of
the
w
eek
and
the m
onth
s an
d to
tell
the
time.
6. t
o ta
lk ab
out s
im-
ple
thin
gs a
nd a
c-tio
ns.
7.
to
give
in
-st
ruct
ions
, co
m-
man
ds a
nd t
o m
ake
requ
ests
.
8.
to t
ake
part
in
con
vers
atio
ns o
n to
pics
rel
ated
to s
tu-
dent
s’ da
ily li
fe.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
258
Cla
ss-w
ise at
tain
able
com
pete
ncie
sC
lass
V
1.1
----
----
----
----
--
1.2
----
----
----
----
-
1.3
----
----
----
----
-
1.4
----
----
----
---
1.5
to
read
w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces
in th
e te
xt w
ith p
rope
r pr
onun
ciat
ion,
st
ress
an
d in
tona
tion.
Cla
ss IV
1.1
----
----
----
--
1.2
---
----
----
---
1 1
.3
to
read
th
e na
mes
of o
bjec
ts h
avin
g th
e sa
me
initi
al, m
iddl
e an
d fin
al so
unds
.
1.4
to re
ad w
ords
, phr
as-
es a
nd s
ente
nces
in th
e te
xt.
1.5
to
re
ad
wor
ds,
phra
ses a
nd se
nten
ces i
n th
e tex
t with
pro
per p
ro-
nunc
iatio
n,
stre
ss
and
into
natio
n.
Cla
ss II
I
1.1
---
----
----
---
----
--
1.2
to re
cogn
ize
and
read
th
e al
phab
et
both
smal
l and
cap
i-ta
l (cu
rsiv
e)
1.3
to r
ead
the
na
mes
of
ob
ject
s ha
ving
the
sam
e in
i-tia
l, m
iddl
e an
d fin
al
soun
ds.
1.4
to
rea
d an
d m
atch
wor
ds, p
hras
-es
an
d se
nten
ces
with
pic
ture
s.
1.5
t
o re
ad w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d sim
ple
sent
ence
s with
pro
p-er
pr
onun
ciat
ion
and
stre
ss.
Cla
ss II
1.1
----
----
---
----
---
1.2
to r
ecog
nize
an
d re
ad
the
alph
abet
bo
th
smal
l and
cap
ital
(non
-cur
sive)
1.3
to r
ecog
nize
an
d re
ad
the
nam
es o
f obj
ects
ha
ving
the
sam
e in
itial
and
fina
l so
unds
.
1.4
to re
ad w
ords
an
d ph
rase
s with
th
e he
lp o
f visu
al
clue
s. (a
bout
30
new
wor
ds )
and
sim
ple s
ente
nces
.
Cla
ss I
1.1
to
reco
g-ni
ze
simila
ritie
s an
d di
ffere
nces
in
shap
e a
nd si
ze.
1.2
to
reco
gniz
e an
d re
ad
the
al-
phab
et b
oth
smal
l an
d ca
pita
l (n
on-
curs
ive)
.
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Read
ing
1. to
read
alo
ud te
xts
with
pro
per p
ronu
n-ci
atio
n,
stre
ss
and
into
natio
n.
259
Terminal Competencies EnglishC
lass
-wise
atta
inab
le co
mpe
tenc
ies
Cla
ss V
1.6
to
re
cogn
ize
and
read
st
atem
ents
, co
mm
ands
, gr
eetin
gs,
ques
tions
and
ans
wer
s.
1.7
to
re
ad
para
-gr
aphs
, dia
logu
es, s
to-
ries,
lette
rs a
nd o
ther
te
xts.
2.1
to
re
cogn
ize
and
read
ca
rdin
al
num
bers
501
to 1
000.
2.2
t
o re
cogn
ize a
nd
read
ord
inal
num
bers
up
to 2
0th
.
3.1
to
re
cogn
ize
and
stud
y th
e ca
lend
ar.
3.2
to
re
ad
the
cloc
k (h
ours
and
min
-ut
es)
and
men
tion
a.m
./p.m
, ha
lf pa
st,
quar
ter
past
, qu
arte
r to
, etc
.
Cla
ss IV
1.6
to re
cogn
ize a
nd re
ad
stat
emen
ts,
com
man
ds,
gree
tings
, que
stio
ns a
nd
answ
ers.
1.7
to
read
sho
rt p
ara-
grap
hs,
dial
ogue
s an
d sim
ple
pers
onal
lette
rs.
2.1
to
rec
ogni
ze a
nd
read
car
dina
l nu
mbe
rs
101
to 5
00.
2.2
to r
ecog
nize
and
re
ad
ord
inal
num
bers
up
to 1
0th.
3.1
to r
ecog
nize
and
st
udy
the
cale
ndar
.
3.2
to re
ad th
e cl
ock
(hou
rs o
nly)
and
men
-tio
n a.
m./p
. m.
Cla
ss II
I
1.6
to
reco
gniz
e an
d re
ad
simpl
e st
atem
ents
, co
m-
man
ds,
gree
tings
, qu
estio
ns
and
an-
swer
s.
2.1
to
reco
gniz
e and
re
ad c
ardi
nal
num
-be
rs u
p to
100
.
3.1
to
reco
g-ni
ze
and
read
th
e na
mes
of
the
days
of
the
wee
k an
d th
e m
onth
s.
Cla
ss II
2.1
to
rec-
ogni
ze a
nd r
ead
card
inal
nu
m-
bers
up
to 3
0.
3.1
to
rec
og-
nize
an
d re
ad
the
nam
es o
f the
da
ys o
f the
wee
k.
Cla
ss I
2.1
to
reco
g-ni
ze a
nd re
ad c
ar-
dina
l num
bers
up
to 1
0.
3.1
-
----
--
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Read
ing
2.
to r
ecog
nize
and
re
ad
both
ca
rdin
al
and
ordi
nal
num
-be
rs.
3.
to
read
th
e na
mes
of
the
days
of
th
e w
eek,
the
mon
ths
and
th
e tim
e.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
260
Cla
ss-w
ise at
tain
able
com
pete
ncie
s
Cla
ss V
4.1
to
re
ad
alou
d po
ems
with
pr
oper
so
unds
, st
ress
and
in-
tona
tion.
5.1
to
read
sile
ntly
w
ith
unde
rsta
ndin
g pa
ragr
aphs
, st
orie
s, di
alog
ues,
pers
onal
let-
ters
and
oth
er te
xt m
a-te
rials.
6.1
to
rea
d in
stru
c-tio
ns a
nd c
arry
the
m
out.
7.1
to
reco
gniz
e pu
nctu
atio
n m
arks
an
d re
ad a
ccor
ding
ly.
e g.
.ful
l sto
p, c
omm
a,
ques
tion
mar
k, q
uota
-tio
n m
arks
and
exc
la-
mat
ion
mar
k.
Cla
ss IV
4.1
to re
ad al
oud
po-
ems w
ith p
rope
r sou
nds,
stre
ss a
nd in
tona
tion.
5.1
to r
ead
silen
tly w
ith
unde
rsta
ndin
g pa
ra-
grap
hs, s
torie
s, pe
rson
al
lette
rs
and
othe
r te
xt
mat
eria
ls.
6.1
to
read
inst
ruct
ions
an
d ca
rry
them
out
.
7.1
to re
cogn
ize p
unct
u-at
ion
mar
ks an
d re
ad ac
-co
rdin
gly.
e g.
ful
l sto
p,
com
ma,
que
stio
n m
ark
and
excl
amat
ion
mar
k.
Cla
ss II
I
4.1
to
read
alo
ud
poem
s w
ith p
rope
r so
unds
, st
ress
an
d in
tona
tion.
5.1
t
o re
ad si
lent
ly
with
un
ders
tand
ing
simpl
e se
nten
ces,
para
grap
hs a
nd o
th-
er te
xts.
6.1
to
read
in-
stru
ctio
ns a
nd c
arry
th
em o
ut.
7.1
to
reco
gniz
e pu
nctu
atio
n m
arks
an
d re
ad a
ccor
ding
-ly.
e g.
full
stop
, com
ma
and
ques
tion
mar
k.
Cla
ss II
4.1
--
----
---
5.1
---
----
--
6.1
----
----
7.1
----
---
Cla
ss I
4.1
--
----
--
5.1
--
----
--
6.1
----
----
-
7.1
----
---
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Read
ing
4.
to
read
alo
ud
poem
s w
ith p
rope
r so
unds
, st
ress
an
d in
tona
tion.
5.
to
read
si-
lent
ly
with
un
der-
stan
ding
par
agra
phs,
stor
ies a
nd o
ther
text
m
ater
ials.
6.
to
read
in
-st
ruct
ions
and
car
ry
them
out
.
7.
to
reco
gniz
e pu
nctu
atio
n m
arks
an
d re
ad a
ccor
ding
-ly.
261
Terminal Competencies EnglishC
lass
-wise
atta
inab
le co
mpe
tenc
ies
Cla
ss V
1.1
----
----
-1.
2
--
----
----
2.1
to w
rite
card
inal
nu
mbe
rs 1
to
500
in
figur
es.
2.2
to
writ
e or
dina
l nu
mbe
rs u
p to
20t
h.
3.1
to
writ
e se
n-te
nces
usin
g no
n cu
r-siv
e an
d cu
rsiv
e ca
pita
l an
d sm
all l
ette
rs.
4.1
to w
rite
card
i-na
l num
bers
up
to 1
00
both
in fi
gure
s an
d in
w
ords
. 4.
2 to
w
rite
ordi
nal
num
bers
up
to 2
0th-
both
in
figur
es a
nd i
n w
ords
.
Cla
ss IV
1.1
to
writ
e no
n-
curs
ive a
nd c
ursiv
e cap
i-ta
l let
ters
.1.
2 to
w
rite
non-
cu
rsiv
e and
curs
ive s
mal
l le
tters
.
2.1
to
writ
e ca
rdin
al
num
bers
101
to
500
in
figur
es.
2.2 t
o w
rite o
rdin
al n
um-
bers
up
to 1
0th
3.1
to w
rite
sent
enc-
es u
sing
non
curs
ive
and
curs
ive
capi
tal a
nd sm
all
lette
rs.
4.1
to co
py an
d w
rite
card
inal
num
bers
up
to
50 b
oth
in fi
gure
s and
in
wor
ds.
4.2
to
writ
e or
dina
l nu
mbe
rs u
p to
10t
hbot
h in
figu
res a
nd in
wor
ds.
Cla
ss II
I
1.1
to w
rite
cur-
sive
capi
tal l
ette
rs.
1.2
to w
rite
cur-
sive
smal
l let
ters
.
2.1
to w
rite
card
inal
nu
mbe
rs u
p to
100
in
figu
res .
3.1
to
writ
e w
ords
, p
hras
es a
nd si
mpl
e se
nten
ces u
sing
non-
curs
ive
capi
tal
and
smal
l le
tters
.
4.1
to c
opy
and
writ
e ca
rdin
al n
um-
bers
up
to 3
0 bo
th in
fig
ures
and
in w
ords
.
Cla
ss II
1.1
to
writ
e no
n-cu
rsiv
e ca
p-ita
l let
ters
.1.
2 to
w
rite
no
n-c
urs
ive
smal
l let
ters
.
2.1
to
writ
e ca
rdin
al
num
-be
rs u
p to
30
in
figur
es.
3.1
to
w
rite
wor
ds an
d ph
ras-
es
usin
g no
n-cu
rsiv
e ca
pita
l an
d sm
all l
ette
rs.
4.1
to
copy
an
d w
rite
car-
dina
l n
umbe
rs
up to
10
both
in
figur
es
and
in
wor
ds.
Cla
ss I
1.1
to p
ract
ice
lette
r sha
pes/
sim
-pl
e w
ritin
g pa
t-te
rns,
etc.
1.2
to
writ
e no
n-cu
rsiv
e ca
pi-
tal l
ette
rs.
2.1
to
writ
e ca
rdin
al n
umbe
rs
up to
10 in
figu
res.
3.1
--
----
4.1
---
----
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Writ
ing
1.
to w
rite
non-
curs
ive
and
curs
ive
lette
rs
both
ca
pita
l an
d sm
all.
2.
to w
rite
car-
dina
l an
d or
dina
l nu
mbe
rs.
3.
to
writ
e w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces
us
ing
non-
curs
ive a
nd cu
r-siv
e let
ters
bot
h ca
pi-
tal
and
smal
l.
4.
to w
rite
fig-
ures
for
wor
ds a
nd
wor
ds fo
r figu
res.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
262
Cla
ss-w
ise at
tain
able
com
pete
ncie
s
Cla
ss V
5.1
to u
se fu
ll st
op,
com
ma,
que
stio
n m
ark
and
excl
amat
ion
mar
k.
6.1
to
use
capi
tal
lette
rs
for
se
nten
ce
begi
nnin
gs,
prop
er
noun
s an
d fo
r b
egin
-ni
ngs w
ithin
quo
tatio
n m
arks
.7.
1
----
----
--
7.2
to
writ
e th
e tim
e (h
ours
an
d m
inut
es)
and
men
tion
a.m
./p.
m,
hal
f pa
st,
quar
ter
past
, qua
rter
to, e
tc.
8.1
to
mak
e se
n-te
nces
usin
g w
ords
and
phra
ses,
follo
win
g in
-st
ruct
ions
.
9.1
to
take
di
cta-
tion
of s
hort
and
sim
-pl
e pa
ragr
aphs
.
Cla
ss IV
5.1
to u
se f
ull
stop
, co
mm
a, q
uest
ion
mar
k an
d ex
clam
atio
n m
ark.
6.1
to u
se c
apita
l let
-te
rs f
or s
ente
nce
begi
n-ni
ngs,
prop
er n
ouns
and
fo
r b
egin
ning
s w
ithin
qu
otat
ion
mar
ks.
7.1
to
writ
e na
mes
of
the
days
of t
he w
eek
and
the
mon
ths.
7.2
to
writ
e th
e tim
e (h
ours
onl
y) a
nd m
en-
tion
a.m
./p. m
.8.
1 to
m
ake
sen-
tenc
es u
sing
wor
ds a
nd
phra
ses,
follo
win
g in
-st
ruct
ions
.
9.1
to t
ake
dict
atio
n of
wor
ds,
phra
ses
and
se
nten
ces.
Cla
ss II
I
5.1
to
use
full
stop
, co
mm
a an
d qu
estio
n m
ark.
6.1
to u
se c
apita
l le
tters
fo
r se
nten
ce
begi
nnin
gs
and
prop
er n
ouns
.
7.1
to
writ
e na
mes
of
the
day
s of
the
w
eek.
8.1
to
writ
e w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces
from
the
te
xtbo
ok
or
mod
el
pres
ente
d by
th
e te
ache
r9.
1
to
take
di
c-ta
tion
of w
ords
and
ph
rase
s onl
y.
Cla
ss II
5.1
--
----
-
6.1
--
----
----
7.1
--
----
----
--
8.1
---
----
---
9.1
---
----
---
Cla
ss I
5.1
--
----
-
6.1
--
----
----
7.1
--
----
----
--
8.1
--
----
----
9.1
--
----
----
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Writ
ing
5.
to u
se p
unc-
tuat
ion
mar
ks.
6.
to u
se c
apita
l le
tters
.
7.to
w
rite
the
nam
es o
f th
e da
ys
of t
he w
eek
and
the
mon
ths,
and
to w
rite
the
time.
8.
to
writ
e w
ords
, ph
rase
s an
d se
nten
ces c
orre
ctly.
9.
to ta
ke d
icta
-tio
n.
263
Terminal Competencies EnglishC
lass
-wise
atta
inab
le co
mpe
tenc
ies
Cla
ss V
10.1
to
writ
e a
shor
t pi
ece
of
com
posit
ion
by a
nsw
erin
g a
set
of
ques
tions
.
10.2
to
writ
e sh
ort
com
posit
ions
on
fa
-m
iliar
obj
ects
, pe
ople
, pl
aces
, eve
nts ,
etc
.
11.1
to w
rite s
impl
e let
-te
rs to
frie
nds a
nd re
la-
tives
.
12.1
to
fill
in s
impl
e fo
rms
abou
t on
esel
f an
d ot
hers
.
Cla
ss IV
10.1
to
writ
e a
shor
t pa
ragr
aph
by
answ
erin
g a
set o
f que
stio
ns.
10.2
to
w
rite
a sh
ort
com
posit
ion
abou
t on
e-se
lf, f
riend
s, fa
mily
and
ot
her f
amili
ar to
pics
.
11.1
to
writ
e sim
ple
let-
ters
to f
riend
s.
12.1
-
----
----
-
Cla
ss II
I
10.1
to
writ
e a
shor
t an
d sim
ple
para
-gr
aph
by a
nsw
erin
g a
set o
f que
stio
ns.
11.1
----
---
12.1
-
----
----
-
Cla
ss II
10.1
----
----
--
11.1
----
---
12.1
-
----
----
-
Cla
ss I
10.1
--
----
----
11.1
----
---
12.1
-
----
----
-
Term
inal
C
ompe
tenc
ies
Writ
ing
10.
to w
rite s
hort
an
d sim
ple
com
posi-
tions
.
11.
to w
rite
sim-
ple
pers
onal
lette
rs.
12.
to fi
ll in
sim
ple
form
s.
264
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
22
Tools for Base Line Survey : English
cÖkœcÎ-1 wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨
1. Kgc‡¶ 3wU Letter wPb‡Z cv‡i wK bv Ges mwVKfv‡e D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i wK bv|2. 4wU Letter wjL‡Z cv‡i wK bv (2wU Small Ges 2wU Capital)|3. Qwe †`‡L Ges wb‡`©kbv ï‡b eyS‡Z cv‡i wK bv, †hgb-Stand up show me your pen. (eB cwieZ©b
n‡j wb‡`©kbv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e)|4. AšÍZ 1wU Rhymes-Gi 4 jvBb mwVK D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cv‡i wK bv|
5. cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cv‡i wK bv, †hgb-e¯‘ ev Qwe †`wL‡q What’s this? It’s….ej‡Z cv‡i wK bv|
cÖkœcÎ-2 (Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨)
1. 1g †kÖwYi DwjøwLZ †U÷ me¸‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡i wK bv|2. 2q †kÖwYi alphabet †_‡K 6wU Letter-Gi bvg ej‡Z cv‡i wK bv Ges AšÍZ 3wU Small I Capital
wjL‡Z cv‡i wK bv (4 line AbymiY K‡i wjL‡Z cv‡i wK bv)|
3. Bs‡iwR‡Z wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡i wK bv|
4. Qwe †`‡L wb‡`©kbv eyS‡Z cv‡i wK bv|
†hgb- Draw a flower & Colour it.a. Show me your homework.b. Go to your seat.
5. †Kv‡bv cvV †_‡K cov ï‡b mwVK D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cv‡i wK bv (AvOzj a‡i co‡Z cv‡i wK bv )
cÖkœcÎ -(PZy_© †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨)
1. Bs‡iwR‡Z wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü 3wU evK¨ ej‡Z cv‡i wK bv? †hgb-
I am …….. I am a student of Class three……..
2. Qwe †`‡L kã matching Ki‡Z cv‡i wK bv?
3. Monday †_‡K c‡ii 3 w`‡bi bvg ej‡Z cv‡i wK bv?
4. Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki c„ôv 53-Gi cÖ_g Para reading ï‡b Zvici co‡Z cv‡i wK bv (AvOzj a‡i co‡Z cv‡i wK bv)
5. Cursive & Capital I small letter (AšÍZ 3wU) wjL‡Z cv‡i wK bv
6. Full stop, comma I cÖkœ wPý emv‡Z cv‡i wK bv (c„. 61)
265
Tools for Base Line Survey : English
Abyiƒcfv‡e PZz_© †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨envi K‡i cÂg †kÖwYi wkLb Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi †KŠkj MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
* cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Survey Kiv hv‡e eQ‡ii gvSvgvwS mg‡q| hZUzKz cov‡bv nq Zvi Ici Tools ˆZwi K‡i|
Bs‡iwR wel‡q mnvqK DcKi‡Yi bgybvLetter Cards (Small Letters)
a
i
q
b
j
r
c
k
s
d
l
t
e
m
u
f
n
v
g
o
w y
h
p
x z
Letter Cards (Capital Letters)
A I
Q
B J
R
C
K S
D
L T
E
M
U
F
N
V
G
O
W Y
H
P
X ZWord Cards
Apple
Fish
Kite
Queen
Van
Bat
Goat
Leg
Rat
Watch
Cap
Hut
Mango
Sheep
X-Ray
Doll
Ice-cream
Net Ox
Top
Yoke
Egg
Jug
Pot
Umbrella
Zebra
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
266
Bs‡iwR wel‡q mnvqK DcKi‡Yi bgybv
Word Square
Find out : he family words from:he word square :FATHER, MOTHER, BROTHER, SISTER, UNCLE, COUSIN.
F S T E R K F W
D A A R O T A C
M O T T E R T O
X J H H P Q H U
S I E E E R E S
U N C L E R E I
C A Z V N A Y N
V T R O T T E R
L H A F O H G R
A E G S I E U I
Tools for Base Line Survey : English
267
Picture Cross Word Puzzle
icecream
Word Building GameWrite any word on : he board ask : he students : o say any word by : he last letter as initial letter-
e a t
o
w
n o s eg
g o a t
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
268
Bs‡i
wR we
l‡qi
†em
jvBb
g~j¨
vqb
Z_¨
msM
Ön QK
PZz_©
†kÖwY
•5w
Ui g
‡a¨ K
gc‡ÿ
4/5
wU m
wVK
DË
i w`
‡Z c
vi‡j
A c
v‡e|
•5w
Ui g
‡a¨ K
gc‡ÿ
3wU
i mw
Vi D
Ëi
w`‡j
B c
v‡e|
•5w
Ui g
‡a¨ K
gc‡ÿ
2wU
i mw
VK D
Ëi
w`‡j
C c
v‡e|
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
Com
mad
nd
Abymi
Y K
iv
cÖ‡kœi
w`‡Z
DËi
cviv
Rhym
es
ej‡Z
cviv
Lette
r wj
L‡Z
cviv
Lette
r †P
bv
wØZ
xq †
kÖwY
Com
mad
nd
Abymi
Y K
iv
cÖ‡kœi
w`‡Z
DË
i
cviv
Rhym
es
ej‡Z
cviv
Lette
r wj
L‡Z
cviv
Lette
r
†Pbv
wkÿ
v_©xi
†i
vj
I bv
g
bvg
†ivj
269269
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
23Sample Fortnightly Plant English (Format)
Students Name &
Roll
Level of Students
What will learn
How will learn
Materials Students Activities
Assess-ment
Level-1
Level-2
Level-3
270
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
23
Sample Fortnightly Plan EnglishStudents name &
Roll
Level of Stu-dents
What will
learn
How will learn Materials Students Activities
Assessment
Level-1
Students will be ableto read (A) with under-stand-able pronun-ciation
• one minute Reading (IW)• B (Ask and answer)(SG; WCW)
Picture\ Unit -10
• text book
IW, SG,
WCWA
(Read)• B (Ask and answer)
B C
Level-2
Students will be ableto use some words.
• One minute Reading (IW)• Fill in the blanks
P i c t u r e , Word card,Activity sheet
• A Read (IW)• Fill in the blanks (SGW)
• Sentence making
Lev-el-3
Students will be ableto read lev-el ased-text (e, i, Eft-2
• One minute Reading (IW)• Question/Answer (SG/WCW)
Picture Dft-2 Activity sheet
• Read (IW)Question/Ans (SG, WCW
Question/An-swer.
271271
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
23Q
uart
erly
Pla
n En
glis
h3rd
mon
th
Mat
eria
lsW
orks
heet
in
Book
.
Alp
ha
be
t C
ard,
Wor
d ca
rd
with
miss
ing
lette
r.
Real
ob
ject
, N
um
be
r ca
rd,
EIA
-Au
dio
de
vice
.
Con
tent
- W
hat’s
th
is?
Lette
r-F
- N
umbe
rs(1
, 2,
3,
4) &
lette
r-G
-Rhy
me,
Lette
r-H
Com
pete
ncy
List
enin
g-
3.1
to
unde
r-st
and
simpl
e qu
estio
ns a
sked
by
th
e te
ache
r ab
out
the
stu-
dent
s an
d a
few
fa
mili
ar o
bjec
ts.
e.g. W
hat’s
you
r na
me?
Wha
t’s th
is? e
tc.
1.1
to
beco
me
fam
iliar
w
ith
Engl
ish
soun
ds
by li
sten
ing
to
com
mon
En
g-lis
h
wor
ds.
4.1
to e
njoy
the
rh
ythm
an
d m
usic
of
simpl
e rh
ymes
.
2nd m
onth
Mat
eria
lsW
orks
heet
in
Boo
k.
Real
ob
-je
ct, N
um-
ber c
ard,
Alp
habe
t C
ard,
EIA
-Aud
io
devi
ce.
Con
tent
-N
um
-be
rs-(
1, 2
) &
Le
tter-
C
-Com
man
ds,
Lette
r-D
-Nu
mbe
rs-
(1,
2,
3)
&
lette
r-E
-R
hy
me
s (
L:1
-3
),
revi
ew(A
-E)
Com
pete
ncy
List
enin
g- 1
.1 to
be
com
e fa
mil-
iar
with
Eng
lish
soun
ds b
y list
en-
ing
to c
omm
on
Engl
ish w
ords
.
2.1
to
follo
w
simpl
e
com
man
ds a
nd
inst
ruct
ions
.
e.g. S
tand
up.
Sit
dow
n.
Com
e he
re.
Go
ther
e.
4.1
to e
njoy
the
rh
ythm
an
d m
usic
of
simpl
e rh
ymes
.
1st m
onth
Mat
eria
lsW
orks
heet
in
Book
.
Alp
ha
be
t C
ard,
Wor
d ca
rd
with
miss
ing
lette
r.
Con
tent
-Gre
etin
gs
-Pre
-wri
ting
al
phab
et so
ng
-Int
rodu
ctio
ns
(L:
1-3)
, Le
t-te
r- A
-Say
ing
good
-by
e (L
:1-3
), Le
tter-
B
Com
pete
ncy
Lis
ten
ing
- 1.
1 to
be
-co
me
fam
iliar
w
ith
Engl
ish
soun
ds b
y lis
-te
ning
to c
om-
mon
En
glish
w
ords
.
4.1
to en
joy t
he
rhyt
hm
and
mus
ic o
f sim
-pl
e rh
ymes
.
Spea
king
-
2.1
to
say
Goo
d
mor
ning
, H
el-
lo,
Hi B
ye-b
ye,
Goo
d-by
e,
I’m y
our
Eng-
lish
teac
her.
My
nam
e is …
.
Atta
inab
le
com
pete
ncie
s
List
enin
g-
1.1
to
beco
me
fam
iliar
w
ith
Engl
ish
soun
ds
by
liste
ning
to
co
mm
on
Eng-
lish
wor
ds.
2.1
to
follo
w
simpl
e
com
man
ds a
nd
inst
ruct
ion
s.
e.g. S
tand
up.
Sit
dow
n.
Com
e he
re.
Go
ther
e.
4.1
to e
njoy
the
rh
ythm
an
d m
usic
of
simpl
e rh
ymes
.
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
272
Spea
king
:
3.1
to a
nsw
er
ques
tions
ask
ed
by th
e te
ache
r
abou
t th
e st
u-de
nts
and
a fe
w
fam
iliar
obje
cts.
1.1
to r
epea
t af-
ter t
he
teac
her
and
say
simpl
e w
ords
an
d ph
rase
s and
sin
g th
e A
lpha
-be
t Son
g.
4.1
to re
peat
and
reci
te rh
ymes
after
the t
each
er.
Spea
king
- 1.
1 to
re
peat
afte
r the
teac
her
and
say
simpl
e w
ords
an
d ph
rase
s an
d sin
g th
e A
lpha
-be
t Son
g.
7.1
to g
ive
sim-
ple
inst
ruct
ions
and
com
man
ds
4.1
to re
peat
and
reci
te rh
ymes
after
the
teac
her.
Read
ing-
2.1
to
reco
gniz
e an
d re
ad
card
inal
nu
mbe
rs
up to
10.
1.1
to
repe
at
after
the
teac
her
and
say
simpl
e w
ords
an
d ph
rase
s an
d sin
g th
e A
l-ph
abet
Son
g.
Writ
ing-
1.1
to p
ract
ice
lette
r sha
pes/
simpl
e w
ritin
g pa
ttern
s, et
c.
1.2
to
writ
e n
on-c
ursi
ve
capi
tal
lette
rs.
(Lis
teni
ng-2
, Sp
eaki
ng-
2,
Writ
ing-
2)
3.1
to
unde
r-st
and
simpl
e qu
estio
ns a
sked
by
th
e te
ache
r ab
out
the
stu-
dent
s an
d a
few
fa
mili
ar o
bjec
ts.
e.g. W
hat’s
you
r na
me?
Wha
t’s th
is? e
tc.
Spea
king
-
2.1
to sa
y G
ood
mor
ning
, Hel
lo,
Hi B
ye-b
ye,
Goo
d-by
e,I’m
you
r Eng
lish
teac
her.
My
nam
e is
….
1.1
to r
epea
t af-
ter t
hete
ache
r an
d sa
y sim
ple
wor
ds
and
phra
ses a
nd
sing
the
Alp
ha-
bet S
ong.
7.1
to g
ive
sim-
ple
inst
ruct
ions
and
com
man
ds
273
Read
ing-
2.1
to
reco
gniz
e an
d re
ad c
ardi
nal
num
bers
up to
10.
Writ
ing-
1.
1 to
pra
ctic
e le
tter s
hape
s/sim
ple
writ
ing
patte
rns,
etc.
1.2
to w
rite
non-
curs
ive
capi
tal
lette
rs.
2.1
to w
rite
card
inal
nu
mbe
rsup
to10
in
figur
es.
(List
enin
g-3,
Sp
eaki
ng-3
, Re
adin
g-1,
W
ritin
g-3)
Writ
ing-
1.
1 to
pra
ctic
e le
tter s
hape
s/sim
ple
writ
ing
patte
rns,
etc.
1.2
to w
rite
non-
curs
ive
capi
tal
lette
rs.
2.1
to w
rite
card
inal
nu
mbe
rsup
to10
in
figur
es.
(List
enin
g-3,
Sp
eaki
ng-3
, Re
adin
g-1,
W
ritin
g-3)
4.1
to re
peat
and
reci
te
rhym
es
after
the t
each
er.
3.1
to
answ
er
ques
tions
ask
ed
by
the
teac
her
abou
t the
stud
ents
and
a
few
fam
iliar
ob-
ject
s.
Read
ing-
2.1
to
reco
gniz
e an
d re
ad
card
inal
nu
mbe
rs
up to
10.
Writ
ing-
1.1
to
prac
tice
lette
r sha
pes/
simpl
e w
ritin
g pa
ttern
s, et
c.
1.2
to w
rite n
on-
curs
ive
capi
tal
lette
rs.
2.1
to w
rite
car-
dina
l num
bers
up t
o10
in fi
g-ur
es.
Quarterly Plan English
274
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
23
Time Management : EnglishStage Activities Time for
Teacher
(minutes)
Time for
Students
(minutes)Input • Warm up
• Showing picture for title & new words
• Teacher’s Reading/Demonstration of activities
• Instruction for level based activities
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4Practice • Level based activity (without:eacher’s help)
• Creative writing (without teacher’s help)
• One minute reading (with teacher’s help) 10 students
• Small Group Work (2 groups, each group 6 minutes, with teacher’s help)
-
• 10
• 12
• 12
• 10
-
-
Task/
Check-ing Learn-ing
• Help/feedback on student activities/SRM • 3 • 3
275
w`b
1
275
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
24
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj (Z…Zxq †kÖwY): cÖv_wgK weÁvb
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Aek¨B One to One A¨v‡cÖv‡P Ki‡Z n‡e| weÁv‡bi K‡qKwU w`K ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Zv n‡jv ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, we‡kølY, KviY AbymÜvb, djvdj wba©viY| wewfbœfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ K‡i GB w`K¸‡jvi aviYv Av‡Q wK bv Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn QK
†kÖwY : kvLv :.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
wk¶v_©xi bvg I †ivj bs
Rxe I R‡oi aviYv
Av‡Q wK bv
cvwbi e¨envi I wbivc` m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b wK
bv
†iv`, e„wó, †gN, kxZ I Mig
m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Av‡Q wK bv|
ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i
†kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i
cwigvcKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i
m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v `vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i (PZ~_© †kÖwYi
cvV¨welq †_‡K)
AbywgZ wm×všÍ MÖnY
Ki‡Z cv‡i (cÂg †kÖwYi
cvV¨ welq †_‡K)
cix¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i (cÂg †kÖwYi cvV¨ welq †_‡K)
nu¨v bv nu¨v bv nu¨v bv nu¨v bv nu¨v bv nu¨v bv
� cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡qi wkÿK ÔAvgvi evsjv eBÕ wel‡qi wkÿ‡Ki KvQ †_‡K 2, 3, 4 bs Kjv‡gi Z_¨ †R‡b †b‡eb Ges †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn QK c~iY Ki‡eb|
cÖv_wgK weÁvb welq g~j¨vqb Uzj&m (Tools) ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î Z„Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wØZxq †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i g~j¨vqb cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Abyiƒ‡c Z…Zxq †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i PZy_© Ges PZy_© †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i cÂg †kÖwYi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb cÖkœcÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
276
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
24
cÖv_w
gK we
Ávb
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1. c
wi‡e
‡ki
wewf
bœ Dc
v`v‡b
i g‡
a¨
cvi¯
úwiK
m¤
úK©
I wb
f©ikx
jZv D
cjwä
Ki‡
e
2. c
wi‡e
k `~l
‡Yi
Kvi
Y I
cÖfve
m¤ú
‡K© R
vb‡e
3.
cwi‡
ek
msi¶
‡Yi
¸iæZ
¡ Ab
yaveb
K‡i
cwi
‡ek
msi¶
‡Y
m‡Pó
n‡e
4. D
w™¢`
I cÖv
Yxi
msi¶
‡Yi
Rb¨
AbyK
~j cw
i‡ek
m„wó
‡Z
m‡Pó
n‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1. w
b‡R
i cÖ‡
qvR
b †g
Uv‡b
vi R
b¨ R
xe
Kxf
v‡e
cwi‡
e‡ki
Ic
i wb
f©ikx
j Z
v R
vb‡e
2.
cÖvK
…wZK
I
gvby‡
li m
„ó K
vi‡Y
cw
i‡e‡
ki c
wieZ
©b NU
‡Q
Zv
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e
1.
wewf
bœ
Rxe
we
wfbœ
cwi‡
e‡k
emev
m K
‡i
Zv
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1. c
wi‡e
k m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv
jvf
Ki‡
e
2.
cw
i‡
e‡
ki
Dcv`
vb¸‡
jv c
h©‡e¶
‡Yi
gva¨
‡g wP
b‡Z
cvi
‡e
3. c
ÖvK…wZ
K I
gvb
y‡li
m„ó
cwi‡
ek
K
x Z
v ch
©‡e¶
‡Yi
gva¨
‡g
Dcjw
ä K
i‡e
1. R
xe I
R‡o
i cv
_©K¨
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
2. D
w™¢`
I cÖv
Yx w
Pb‡Z
cv
i‡e
2q †
kÖwY
1. wb
KU
cwi‡
e‡ki
e¯
‘mg~n
†Kvb
-wU
gv
by‡li
ˆZ
wi
Avi
†Kvb
wU c
ÖK…wZ
†_
‡K c
vIqv
hvq
Zv
ch©‡e
¶‡Y
i gv
a¨‡g
wP
b‡Z
cvi
‡e
2. g
vwU,
cvwb
, ev
qy I
Rx‡e
i cÖw
Z h
Zœ
wb‡Z
cvi
‡e
1.
ch©‡e
¶‡Y
i gv
a¨‡g
wb
KU
cwi‡
e‡ki
R
o I
Rxe
e¯
‘ wP
b‡Z
cv
i‡e
1g †
kÖwY
1.
RMr
I
cwi
‡e
‡k
i e
¯‘m
gyn
c
h©‡
e¶
‡Yi
gva¨
‡g
wPb‡
Z
cvi‡
e
2.
ˆ`bw
›`b
Rxe
‡b
e¨eü
Z
mvgM
Öx †K
v_v
†_‡K
Av
‡m
Zv
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
1.
wbK
U cw
i‡e‡
k K
v‡`i
Rxe
b Av
‡Q
I K
v‡`i
Rxe
b †b
B Z
v wP
b‡Z
cv
i‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†hv
M¨Z
v
1.
cwi‡
ek,
cwi‡
e‡ki
Dc
v`vb
, cw
i‡e‡
ki c
wieZ
©b I
cwi‡
ek
`~lY
m¤ú‡
K©
†R‡b
cw
i‡ek
ms
i¶‡Y
m‡
Pó n
Iqv
2.
Avgv
‡`i
cwi‡
e‡k
Ro
I R
xe m
¤ú‡K
© Rvb
v
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
277
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1.
Dw™¢`
I
cÖvYx
i R
xe‡b
cv
wbi
cÖ‡qv
Rbx
qZv e
Y©bv K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e
2. c
vwbP‡
µi
aviY
v AR
©b K
i‡e
3. g
vby‡l
i R
xe‡b
cvwb
~l‡
Yi d
jvd
j ev
cÖf
ve A
v‡jvP
bv K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e
4. c
vwb `
~l‡Yi
Kvi
Y I
`~lY
†iv‡a
i Dc
vq¸‡
jv R
vb‡e
5. c
vwb †
kvab
K‡i
wbiv
c` K
ivi
Dcvq
R
vb‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
2.
Dw™¢`
I
cÖvYx
i g‡
a¨ c
v_©K
¨ Rvb
‡e
1.
cwi‡
ek
i¶vq
gv
wUi
¸i“Z
¡ eyS
†Z
cvi‡
e
2.
gvwU
i De
©iZv
I gv
wU
`~lY
m¤ú‡
K©
aviY
v jvf
Ki‡
e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
3. †
eu‡P
_vK
vi R
b¨
cÖvYx
Kxf
v‡e D
w™¢`
I Ab
¨vb¨ c
ÖvYxi
Ic
i wb
f©ikx
j Z
v R
vb‡e
1. c
vwbi
Drmm
g~n
Rvb
‡e
2. wb
ivc`
I `
~wlZ
cv
wb k
bv³
Ki‡
Z
Rvb
‡e
3. g
vby‡l
i R
b¨ c
vwbi
¸iæZ
¡ m¤ú
‡K© R
vb‡e
4. c
vwbi
AcPq
†iv
‡a
m‡Pó
n‡e
1. g
vwUi
cÖKvi
‡f`
Rvb
‡e
2. †
Kvb
gvwU
‡Z †
Kvb
d
mj n
q Z
v Rvb
‡e
2q †
kÖwY
2. †
eu‡P
_vK
vi
Rb¨
Dw™
¢‡`i
cvwb
I
Av‡j
v cÖ‡q
vRb
Ges
cÖvY
xi R
b¨
cÖ‡qv
Rb
Lv`¨
Zv
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
1. g
vwU A
vgv‡`
i K
x Kv‡R
jv‡M
Zv
ch©‡e
¶‡Y
i gv
a¨‡g
R
vb‡e
1g †
kÖwY
2|
wbK
U c
wi‡e
‡ki
Roe
¯‘ I
Rx‡e
i hZ
œ wb
‡Z c
vi‡e
1.cv
wbi
e¨en
vi
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡e
2.
wbK
U c
wi‡
e‡
k cv
wbi
Drm
ch©‡e
¶‡Y
i g
va
¨‡
g wP
b‡Z
cvi
‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
3.
cwi‡
e‡ki
Dc
v`vb
wn
‡m‡e
cv
wbi
¸i“Z
¡ m¤ú
‡K©
†R‡b
cvwb
i h_
vh_
e¨en
vi I
msi
¶Y
Kiv
4.
cwi‡
e‡ki
Dc
v`vb
wn
‡m‡e
gv
wUi
¸i“Z
¡ m¤ú
‡K©
†R‡b
gvwU
i h_
vh_
e¨en
vi I
msi
¶Y
Kiv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
278
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1. e
vqycÖe
vn‡K
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
K
x Kx K
iv h
vq Z
v Rvb
‡e
2. †
Kvb
†K
vb K
vi‡Y
evq
y `~w
lZ n
q Z
v R
vb‡e
3.
`~wlZ
ev
qy K
xfv‡e
¯^v
‡¯’¨i
R
b¨
¶wZ
Ki
Zv
Rvb
‡e
4. e
vqy `
~lY †
iv‡a
KiY
xq
Kx Z
v eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
1.
evqyc
Öev‡n
i ˆe
Ávwb
K
e¨vL
¨v R
vb‡e
2. S
‡oi
ˆeÁ
vwbK
e¨vL
¨v R
vb‡e
3.
w`bi
vZ,
Agve
m¨v-
c~wY©g
v I
FZ
z cw
ieZ
©‡bi
e¨vL
¨v eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
3.
gvwU
ms
i¶‡Y
K
x K
x K
iYxq
Zv
Rvb
‡e
1. †
gN I
e„wó
nq
Kxf
v‡e
Zv
e¨vL
¨v K
i‡Z
cvi
‡e
2. K
zqvkv
, wk
wki,
wk
jve„w
ó K
xfv‡e
I
†Kb
nq Z
v ej
‡Z
cvi‡
e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1.
ch©‡e
¶Y
I Aw
-fÁ
Zvi
gva
¨‡g
Avgv
‡`i
Pvic
v‡k
evqyi
Dc
w¯’wZ
Dc
jwä
Ki‡
e
2.
evqyi
cÖa
vb
Dcv`
vb¸‡
jv
I G
‡`i
e¨en
vi R
vb‡e
3. D
w™¢`
I cÖv
Yxi
†eu‡P
_v
Kvi
Rb¨
evq
yi ¸i
æZ¡
m¤ú‡
K© e
yS‡Z
cvi
‡e|
4.
evqyi
ˆe
wkó
¨mg~n
ch
©‡e¶
‡Yi
gva¨
‡g
Rvb
‡e
2q †
kÖwY
1.
Avgv
‡`i
Pvic
v‡k
evqy
Av‡Q
Z
v ch©‡
e¶Y
I Aw
-fÁ
Zvi
gv
a¨‡g
eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
2.
evqyi
¸i
“Z¡
m¤ú‡
K© R
vb‡e
1.
†gN
I e„w
ói
g‡a¨
m¤ú
K© w
Pwý
Z
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
2.
w`
‡bi
†Kvb
mg
‡q †
iv‡`
i Z
vc
†Kgb
Zv †
evS
v
1g †
kÖwY
1.
†iv`
, †g
N,
e„wó
I
evqyc
Öevn
ch©‡e
¶Y
K‡i
Gme
NUb
v m¤
ú‡K
© †K
ŠZ~nj
evo
v‡e
2. †i
v` †K
v_v †
_‡K
Av‡m
Z
v Rvb
‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
5.
cwi
‡e‡k
i Dc
v`vb
wn‡m
‡e e
vqyi
¸i“Z
¡ m¤
ú‡K
© †R
‡b
evqyi
Dc
v`v‡b
i h_
vh_
e¨en
vi
Kiv
I
`~lY
†iva
Kiv
6.
cw
iw
PZ
cÖv
K„wZ
K
NUbv
I
Zv‡`
i K
vh©K
viYm
n ˆe
Ávwb
K e
¨vL¨v
Rvb
v
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
279
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1. ˆ
eÁvwb
K A
bymÜ
v‡bi
c×wZ
mg~n
Rvb
‡e
2. G
KwU
ˆeÁ
vwbK
Av
we®‹v
‡ii
BwZ
nvm
†R‡b
ˆe
Ávwb
K c
Öwµqv
i we
wfbœ
w`K
m¤ú
‡K© a
viYv
jvf
K
i‡e
3. ˆ
eÁvwb
K A
bymÜ
v‡bi
c×wZ
mg~n
Abymi
Y K
‡i
mgm¨
v mgv
av‡b
i gv
bwm-
KZ
v I A
f¨vm
MVb
Ki‡
e
4| c
ÖPwjZ
AÜ
wek¦v
m I
Kzms
¯‹vi
Z¨vM
Ki‡
e
1.
eqm
Abyhv
qx
cwiw
gZ
Lv`¨
MÖn‡
Yi ¸
i“Z¡ D
cjwä
K
i‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1. †h
Šw³K
fv‡e
wPšÍv
K
iv,
m„Rbk
xjZ
v I
Kíb
vkw³
i e¨
envi
K
iv wk
L‡e
1.
wewf
bœ ai
‡bi
wfUv
wgb,
G
m‡ei
Dr
m I
¸i“Z
¡ m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1.
cwiw
PZ
cÖvK
…wZK
NU
bvew
j‡K
we
Áv‡b
i Av
‡jv‡K
e¨
vL¨v
Kiv
i gv
bwmK
Zv A
R©b
Ki‡
e
1. c
ywó K
x Zv R
vb‡e
2. c
ywó A
byhvq
x Lv
‡`¨i
†k
ÖwYwe
fvM
Ki‡
Z I
mylg
Lv
`¨
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡Z
cvi‡
e
2q †
kÖwY
1.
ch©‡e
¶‡Y
i `¶
Zv A
R©b
Ki‡
e
2.
Abymw
Ürm
v, cÖk
œ DÌ
vcb
I gy³
gvbw
mKZ
v jvj
b K
i‡e
1. ¯
^v’¨m
¤§Z
Lv`
¨ m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv j
vf
Ki‡
e
1g †
kÖwY
3.
w`‡b
i †K
vb
mg‡q
†i
v` †
Kgb
Zv R
vb‡e
1. L
v‡`¨i
bvg
Rvb
v I
Lv‡`
¨i
¯^v
` Ab
yhvqx
†k
ÖwYK
iY K
i‡Z
cvi
v
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
7.
ˆeÁ
vwb
K
Ab
ymÜ
v‡
bi
c×wZ
mgyn
R
vbv
I Ab
ymwÜ
rmv,
gy³
gvbw
mKZ
v, †h
Šw³K
we
‡kølY
, cÖk
œ DÌv
cb,
m„Rbk
xjZ
v I
Kíb
v BZ
¨vw`
g~j¨‡
eva
AR©‡b
i
gva¨
‡g
weÁ
vbgb
¯‹Z
v AR
©b K
iv I
weÁ
vb P
P©vq
Ask
†bIq
v
8.
my¯’
Rxe
‡bi
Rb¨
mw
VK
Lv`¨
wb
e©vPb
I M
ÖnY K
iv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
280
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
2.
eÁvwb
K c
×wZ
‡Z L
v`¨
msi¶
Y m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡Z
cv
i‡e
3. L
v‡`¨
K„wÎ
g is
e¨e
nvi
I iv
mvqw
bK `
ª‡e¨i
e¨e
nvi
K‡i
Lv
`¨
msi¶
‡Yi
¶wZ
Ki
w`K
m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡Z
cvi
‡e
4. R
v¼ d
zW (J
unk
Food
) MÖn
‡Yi
AcK
vwiZ
v m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
1.
evqye
vwnZ
†i
vMmg
~‡ni
cÖwZ
‡iva
I c
ÖwZK
vi m
¤ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
2.
msµ
vgK
†i
vMmg
~‡ni
msµ
gY c
Öwµqv
I c
ÖwZ‡i
va
e¨e¯
’v m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv j
vf
Ki‡
e
3.
eqm
e„„w×
i m‡
½
kix‡i
i we
wfbœ
cwie
Z©b
N‡U
Zv
Rvb
‡e G
es †
m Ab
yhvqx
ki
x‡ii
hZœ †
b‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
2.
mylg
Lv‡`
¨i
cÖ‡
qvR
bxq
Zv
m¤ú‡
K© R
vb‡e
3.
mnR
jf¨
I ¯^í
g~‡j¨
i
†`kx
q myl
g Lv
`¨
wbe©v
Pb
Ki‡
Z R
vb‡e
4.
Lv‡`
¨i
wewf
bœ Dr
m m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
1.
¯^v¯’¨
i¶
vi
cÖ‡
qvR
bxq
Zv
Rvb
‡e
I ¯^v
¯’¨
i¶vi
wb
qg¸‡
jv
Abymi
Y K
i‡e
(m¨vw
b‡Uk
bmn)
2.
wewf
bœ †i
v‡Mi
¶wZ
Ki
cÖfve
m¤
ú‡K
© †R
‡b †
ivM
cÖwZ
‡iv‡a
m‡
Pó
_vK
‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
3.
†gŠm
ywg d
j I
me-
wRi
Lv`¨
¸Y
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡Z c
vi‡e
4. c
ywóMyY
Abyh
vqx †
`wk
I we
‡`wk
Lv‡`
¨i g
‡a¨
†Kv‡b
v cv
_©K¨
†bB
Zv
eyS‡Z
cvi
‡e
1. †
iv‡M
i K
viY,
Drm
, cÖw
Z‡i
va
I cÖw
ZK
vi
m¤ú‡
K© R
vb‡Z
cvi
‡e
2.
¯^v’¨
fv‡j
v iv
Lvi
wbqg
¸‡jv
Rvb
‡e
3. c
wi®‹v
i cw
i”Qb
œ _vK
vi
cÖ‡qv
Rbx
qZv
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡e
I cw
i”Qb
œZv
i¶vq
(m
¨vwb‡
Ukbm
n)
hZœev
b n‡
e
2q †
kÖwY
2.
Avgi
v †K
vb
Lvev
i K
vuPv I
†K
vb
Lvev
i iv
bœv K
‡i L
vB
Zv R
vb‡e
3.
Lv‡`
¨i
cÖ‡
qvR
bxq
Zv
m¤ú‡
K© R
vb‡e
1.
mvav
iY
wKQz
†iv‡M
i K
viY
I cÖw
Z‡i
va
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡e
2.
¯^v¯’¨
i¶
vi
mvav
iY
wbqg
R
vb‡e
I
Abymi
Y K
i‡e
1g †
kÖwY
1.
K‡q
KwU
mv
aviY
†i
v‡Mi
aviY
v jvf
Ki‡
e
2. k
ix‡i
i we
wfbœ
As‡k
i cw
i”Qb
œZv
i¶v
Kiv
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
9.
†i
v‡
Mi
Kvi
Y I
cÖwZ
‡iv‡a
i Dc
vqmg
yn R
vbv
Ges
¯^v
¯’¨ i
¶vi
wbqg
¸‡jv
R
vbv I
Abym
iY K
iv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
281
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1. c
Öhyw³
i Db
œq‡b
weÁ
v‡bi
e¨en
vi m
¤ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e|
2.
K…wl
RvZ
`ª‡
e¨i
gv‡b
vbœqb
I
Drcv
`b
e„w×
‡Z
cÖhyw³
i e¨
envi
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
3. A
vgv‡`
i R
xe‡b
cÖhyw
³i
Ace¨
envi
I S
uywK m
¤ú‡K
© m‡
PZb
n‡e
1. D
cvË
I Z
‡_¨i
g‡a
¨ m¤
úK© R
vb‡e
2. K
xfv‡e
Z_¨
Drc
bœ nq
Z
v Rvb
‡e
3. e
¨w³,
mgvR
I i
vó&ªxq
R
xe‡b
Z‡_
¨i ¸
iæZ¡ D
cjwä
K
i‡e
4. K
w¤úD
Uvi
Kx
I Z
v K
x K
v‡R e
¨env
i K
iv n
q Z
v R
vb‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1. A
vgv‡`
i ev
m¯’v‡b
, wP
wKrm
vq,
†Ljv
ayjvq
I
we‡b
v`‡b
e¨e
üZ
cÖhyw³
m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
|
2.
K…wl
‡Z
e¨eü
Z
cÖhyw³
i e¨
envi
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
3.
ebR
I
†mŠ›`
h©ea©K
Dw
™¢‡`i
e¨
envi
Rvb
‡e
1.
Z_¨
†c
Öi‡Yi
D
cvq
mg
y‡n
i ch
©vqµ
wgK
we
Kvk
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
2.
Z_¨
cÖh
yw³i
e¨en
v‡ii
gva¨
‡g
wewf
bœ †¶
Î m¤
ú‡K
© Z
_¨ m
sMÖn
I e¨
envi
K
i‡Z
wkL‡
e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1. A
vgv‡`
i co
v‡kvb
v, hv
Zvq
vZ
I K
…wl‡Z
cÖh
yw³i
weK
vk
I e¨
envi
m¤ú
‡K© R
vb‡e
1.
Z
_¨
cÖhyw³
e¨
env‡i
i gv
a¨‡g
Z_¨
we
wbgq
I
cvi¯
úwiK
†h
vMv‡h
vM
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡e
2.
Z_¨
R
vbvi
I
Rvb
v‡bvi
¸iyZ
¡ Dcj
wä
Ki‡
e
2q †
kÖwY
1.
†Ljb
v, c
ov
‡k
vb
v,
†hvM
v‡hvM
I
K…
wl‡Z
e¨e
üZ c
Öhyw³
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
1.
Avgv
‡`i
ˆ`bw
›`b
Rxe
‡b
e¨eü
Z w
ewfb
œ Z_¨
cÖh
yw³ m
¤^‡Ü
avi
Yv
jvf
Ki‡
e
1g †
kÖwY
1.
Av
gv‡`
i ˆ`
bw›`
b R
xe‡b
e¨e
üZ Z
_¨ c
Öhyw³
m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv j
vf K
i‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
10.
Avg
v‡`
i R
xe‡b
cÖh
yw³i
e¨en
vi,
weK
vk
I cÖf
ve R
vbv
11.
Av
gv‡`
i R
xe‡b
Z
_¨
I †h
vMv‡h
vM
cÖhyw³
i e¨
envi
I c
Öfve
Rvb
v G
es Z
v e¨e
nvi
Kiv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
282
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1.
gnvwe
‡k¦i
wekv
jZv
Dcjw
ä K
i‡e
2. w`
bivZ
Kxf
v‡e n
q Z
vi
ˆeÁ
vwbK
e¨vL
¨v eyS
‡e
3.
FZ
z cw
ieZ
©‡bi
Kvi
Y R
vb‡e
4.
Agve
m¨v
I c~w
Y©gv
Kxf
v‡e n
q Z
v eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
1.
Aven
vIqv
I
Rje
-vq
yi g‡
a¨ m
¤úK
© I c
v_©K
¨ eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
2.
Aven
vIqv
I
Rje
vqyi
wbqv
gK m
¤ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
3. w
eiƒc
Aven
vIqv
†hg
b-
So,
eb
¨v,
R‡j
v”Q¡vm
BZ
¨vw`
cÖvK
…wZK
`y‡h
©v‡Mi
Kvi
Y R
vb‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1.
†mŠi
RMr
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
2. g
nvwe
‡k¦i
MVb
m¤ú‡
K© a
viYv
jvf
K
i‡e
3.
iv‡Z
i Av
Kvk
ch
©‡e¶
Y K
i‡Z
wk
L‡e
4. A
vgv‡`
i Qv
qvc_
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
1.
Aven
vIqv
I
Aven
vIqv
i Dc
v`vb
mg~n
Rvb
‡e
2.
Aven
vIqv
cw
iewZ
©Z
nIqv
i K
viY
Rvb
‡e
3.
AbyK
~j I
cÖwZ
K~j
Aven
vIqv
i cÖf
ve
4. R
jevq
y Kx
Zv
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
2q †
kÖwY
1. P
uv`,
Zvi
v, m~h
© I
c„w_e
x m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
1g †
kÖwY
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
12.
gn
vwe‡k
¦i bv
bv
e¯‘,
Zv‡`
i ˆe
wkó
¨ I
Zv‡`
i cv
i¯úwi
K
m¤úK
© R
vbv
13.
Av
envI
qv
I R
jevq
y, G
‡`i
AvšÍt
m¤úK
©
Ges
wb
qvgK
m¤ú
‡K© R
vbv
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
283
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1. R
jevq
y cwi
eZ©‡b
i K
viY
I cªf
ve †R
‡b A
wf‡h
vR‡b
i †K
Škj
wbe©v
Pb
Ki‡
Z
cvi‡
e|
1. w
ewfb
œ Awf
ÁZ
v †_
‡K
Zvc
I
Av‡j
vi
mÂvj
b m¤
ú‡K
© avi
Yv A
R©b
Ki‡
e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1.
wewf
bœ `yN
©Ubv
†hgb
cv
wb‡Z
†W
vev,
Mv‡q
Av¸
b jv
Mv,
mv‡c
K
vUv
BZ¨vw
` cÖw
Z‡i
v‡ai
Dcvq
†R
‡b
Zv
cÖwZ
‡iva
K
i‡Z
cv
i‡e
2. w
ewfb
œ `yN©U
bvi
cÖv_w
gK
wPwK
rmv
m¤ú‡
K©
†R‡b
Z
v cÖ‡
qvM
Ki‡
Z c
vi‡e
1.
c`v‡_
©i IR
b Av
‡Q I
Rvq
Mv `
Lj
K‡i
ÑG a
viYv
jvf
K
i‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1.
KwV
b,
Zij
I
evqe
xq A
e¯’vi
ˆew
kó¨
ej‡Z
cvi
‡e
2q †
kÖwY
1. †
Ljva
yjvi
mgq
wbiv
c` _
vKvi
wbqg
R
vb‡e
1.
cvwb
, ei
d
I R
jxq
ev®ú
m¤ú
‡K©
†R‡b
c`v
‡_©i
wZb
Ae¯’v
i av
iYv
jvf
Ki‡
e
1g †
kÖwY
1.
evwo
I
we`¨
vjq
cwi‡
e‡ki
`yN©U
bvi
Kvi
Y †h
gb
Av¸b
, we
`¨yr,
w`
qvkj
vB,
Qzwi,
K
vuwP
BZ¨vw
`i
wec`
m¤
ú‡K
© †R
‡b Z
v †_
‡K m
veav
b n‡
e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
14.
R
jevq
y cw
ieZ
©‡bi
mgm¨
vmn
Ab¨vb
¨ cÖw
ZK
‚jZv
I `y‡
h©vM
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
v G
es Z
v †g
vKv‡e
jvq
`¶
I Av
Z¥c
ÖZ¨q
x nI
qv
15.
`yN
©Ubvi
K
viY
I cÖw
Z‡i
va
†R‡b
wbi
vc‡`
Rxe
b hv
cb K
iv
16.
we
wf
bœ
ai‡b
i c`
v_© I
kw³
m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
v
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
284
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
2.
kw³
i we
wfbœ
Drm
m¤ú‡
K© R
vb‡e
3.
kw³
i iƒc
všÍi
m¤ú‡
K©
Rvb
‡e
4. k
w³i
h_vh
_ e¨
envi
I
AcPq
†iv
a m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
‡e
5.
c`v‡_
©i MV
b m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
|
1.
m¤ú‡
`i
cwiK
wíZ
e¨
env‡i
i Myi
æZ¡
eyS‡Z
cv
i‡e
I Dc
vq R
vb‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
2.
cix¶
vi
mvnv
‡h¨
c`v‡_
©i ˆe
wk‡ó
¨i c
ÖgvY
w`‡Z
cvi
‡e
3. e
vqy †h
c`v
_© Z
v cix
¶v
K‡i
†`L
v‡Z c
vi‡e
1.
evsj
v‡`‡k
i f~w
gm¤ú
`,
cvwb
m¤ú`
I
ebR
m¤
ú`
m¤ú‡
K©
aviY
v jvf
Ki‡
e
2.
evsj
v‡`‡k
i Lw
bR
m¤ú`
m¤ú
‡K© a
viYv
jvf
K
i‡e
3. †
mŠik
w³ I
evq
ycÖevn
†h
Av
gv‡`
i m¤
ú`
Zv
Rvb
‡e
4.
cÖvK
…wZK
m¤
ú‡`i
h_
vh_
e¨en
vi R
vb‡e
I
m¤ú`
ms
i¶‡Y
m‡
Pó
n‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
2.
Zvc
kw³
I
ˆe`y¨
wZK
kw
³i
e¨en
vi R
vb‡e
3.
Av‡j
v, we
`¨yr
I Z
vc †
h kw
³ Z
v eyS
‡Z c
vi‡e
2q †
kÖwY
2. A
v‡jv
I Z
v‡ci
wewf
bœ e¨
envi
R
vb‡e
1g †
kÖwY
1.
wbK
U cw
i‡e‡
ki
wewf
bœ m¤
ú`
m¤ú‡
K©
cÖv_w
gK
aviY
v jv
f K
i‡e
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
17.
evsj
v‡`‡k
i cÖv
K…wZ
K
m¤ú`
m¤
ú‡K
© †R
‡b
Gi
h_vh
_ e¨
envi
I
msi¶
‡Y
m‡Pó
nI
qv|
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
285
†kÖwY
wfwË
K A
R©b
Dc‡h
vMx †
hvM¨
Zv
cÂg
†kÖwY
1.
cÖvK
…wZK
m¤
ú`
I cw
i‡e‡
ki
Ici
Rbm
sL¨v
e„w×
i cÖf
ve D
cjwä
Ki‡
e
2.
Rbm
¤ú`
ˆZwi
‡Z
weÁ
v‡bi
f~wgK
v m¤
ú‡K
© R
vb‡e
PZz_©
†kÖwY
1.
cÖvK
…wZK
m¤
ú‡`i
Dc
i R
bmsL
¨v e„w
×i
cÖfve
Rvb
‡e
Z…Z
xq †
kÖwY
1.
cÖvK
…wZK
cw
i‡e‡
ki
Ici
Rbm
sL¨v
e„w×
i cÖf
ve R
vb‡e
2q †
kÖwY
1g †
kÖwY
welq
wfwË
K c
ÖvwšÍK
†h
vM¨Z
v
18.
gvb
y‡l
i †g
ŠwjK
Pv
wn`v
I
cwi‡
e‡ki
Ic
i R
bmsL
¨vi c
Öfve
Ges
R
bm¤ú
‡`i
¸iyZ
¡ m¤
ú‡K
© Rvb
v
286
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
24
Z_¨cÎ
cÖ_g †kªwY (cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR I weÁvb)
Aa¨v‡qi bvg
1. cwi‡ek
2. Rxe I Roe¯‘
3. cwievi I we`¨vjq
4. wg‡jwg‡k _vwK
5. Lv`¨
6. ¯^v¯’¨ wewa
7. Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKv, cÖZxK I RvZxq msMxZ
8. Avgv‡`i RvZxq w`em
9. Avgv‡`i †jvKQov
10. Avgiv mevB KvR Kwi
11. mgqg‡Zv KvR Kwi
12. `bw›`b NUbv
13. w`K †Pbv
14. cwievi I RbmsL¨v
wØZxq †kªwY (cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgvR I weÁvb)
Aa¨v‡qi bvg
1. mvgvwRK cwi‡ek
2. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek
3. Ro I Rxe
4. gvwU, cvwb I evqy
5. †gN, e„wó I †iv`
6. Lv`¨ I Lv`¨`ªe¨ msiÿY
7. weÁv‡bi Avwe®‹vi
Z_¨cÎ
287
8. cwi‡ek msiÿY
9. Avgiv mevB gvbyl
10. wkï AwaKvi
11. kªgRxex gvbyl
12. Avgv‡`i †`k
13. Avgv‡`i RvZxq BwZnvm I HwZn¨
14. mvgvwRK I ivóªxq m¤ú`
15. k„•Ljv‡eva, mgqvbyewZ©Zv I wkóvPvi
16. †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi Ici RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfvi
288
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
24
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY QK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
†kÖwY,
kvLv I
†gvU
wkÿv_©x
msL¨v
wk¶v_©xi
msL¨v
wk¶v_©xi
bvg I
†ivj bs
Rxe I
R‡oi
aviYv
Av‡Q
wbivc`
cvwb
m¤ú‡K©
Rv‡b
†iv`,
e„wó,
kxZ I
Mig
m¤ú‡K©
aviYv
Av‡Q
ch©‡e¶Y
I
†kÖwYKiY
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e
ch©‡e¶Y,
†kÖwYKiY,
cwigvcKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e
ch©‡e¶Y,
†kÖwYKiY,
cwigvcKiY,
AbywgZ
wm×všÍ MÖnY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e
ch©‡e¶Y,
†kÖwYKiY,
cwigvcKiY
I cix¶Y
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e
289289
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
24
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †emjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY QK (bgybv)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
†kÖwY, kvLv I †gvU wk¶v_©xi
msL¨v
g~j¨vqbK…Z wk¶v_©xi msL¨v
wk¶v_©xi bvg I †ivj bs
ch©‡e¶Y I †kÖwYKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
ch©‡e¶Y, †kÖwYKiY, cwigvcKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
ch©‡e¶Y, †kÖwYKiY,
cwigvcKiY, AbywgZ wm×všÍ
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (PZz_© †kÖwYi Rb¨)
ch©‡e¶Y, †kÖwYKiY, cwigvcKiY I cix¶Y
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
(cÂg †kÖwYi Rb¨)
3q†kÖwY
K-kvLv
22 12, 14, 17, 18, 24, 25, 23, 26, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47,
48,
√ Ñ Ñ Ñ
†gvU wk¶v_©x48 Rb
18 6, 8,10, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28, 31, 33,
35, 41,44, 46
√ √ Ñ Ñ
8 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11
√ √ √
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
290
� †h mKj wk¶v_©x ch©‡e¶Y I †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i GKwU `‡j †i‡L ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV w`‡Z n‡e|
� †h mKj wk¶v_©x ch©‡e¶Y, †kÖwYKiY I cwigvcKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i GKwU `‡j †i‡L ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV w`‡Z n‡e|
� †h mKj wk¶v_©xiv ch©‡e¶Y, †kÖwYKiY I cwigvcKiY K‡i m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i GKwU `‡j †i‡L ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g Ab¨vb¨ `ÿZv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
� GQvovI wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i wewfbœ ¯Íi Abyhvqx `‡ji bvgKiY K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
� cÖwZwU ͇i †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x mvejxj, †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki AvswkK mvnv‡h¨, †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i Zv †R‡b wkÿK ¯ÍiwfwËK mve MÖæc K‡i wb‡q Zv‡`i ¯Íi (†j‡ej) Abyhvqx KvR w`‡Z cv‡ib|
� †h‡nZy 2q †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Kiv nq ZvB GLv‡b 6 I 7 bs Kjv‡gi cixÿY AskwUi Rb¨ bgybv QK c~iY Kiv nqwb|
cÖv_wgK weÁvb
291
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj (Z…Zxq †kÖwY)
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~iY Kivi mgq wkÿK‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ welqwU †_‡K (†h‡Kv‡bv cvV-mgq Dc‡hvMx) wkÿv_©x‡K wiwWs co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, G‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbv hv‡e| A_©vr †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x mvejxj, †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ c‡o Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e| AZtci †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn Q‡Ki 2, 3, 4 bs Kjvg c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| 5 †_‡K 10bs Kjvg c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ g~j¨vqb Z_¨ QK c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi h_vh_ n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ N‡i wUK (√) A_ev µm (×) wPý w`b|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Aek¨B One to One A¨v‡cÖv‡P Ki‡Z n‡e| weÁv‡bi K‡qKwU w`K ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Zv n‡jv ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, we‡kølY, KviY AbymÜvb, djvdj wba©viY| wewfbœfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ K‡i GB w`K¸‡jvi aviYv Av‡Q wK bv Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ QK c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖkœcÎ
Dc‡ii QwewU ch©‡eÿY K‡i 1 †_‡K 3 ch©šÍ cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
1. cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`vb¸‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi Ges †Kvb Dcv`vb¸‡jv cÖK…wZ †_‡K cvIqv hvq Zv c„_K Ki|
2. Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †KvbwU Rxe I †KvbwU Ro †kÖwYKiY Ki|
3. †¯‹j/wdZv w`‡q †Zvgvi †UwejwU gvc A_ev †Zvgvi `yB mncvVxi g‡a¨ †K j¤^v, †K Lv‡Uv e‡jv|
4. Qwe‡Z Kx Kx †`Lv hv‡”Q Zv †Zvgvi wb‡Ri fvlvq e‡jv|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
292
5. g‡b Ki Zzwg QzwU‡Z MÖv‡gi evwo wM‡qQ, †Zvgv‡`i evwoi Av‡kcv‡k Dc‡ii Qwei g‡Zv me¸‡jv cvwbi Drm Av‡Q| Zzwg †Kv_v †_‡K cvwb cvb Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv/wbqgvewj
293
Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv/wbqgvewjwkÿv_©x‡`i Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GB †emjvBb g~j¨vqb| wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨, g~j¨vq‡bi c~‡e© wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq K‡i fxwZnxb cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡eb| wkÿK GKRb GKRb K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K Kv‡Q G‡b (One to one approach) g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| GB g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g-
• cvV¨eBwU cov
• cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i †kÖwYKiY Kiv|
• cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY
• cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖwZ `vwqZ¡‡eva
• cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv I mngwg©Zv
GB K‡qKwU wel‡qi Dci wkÿv_©x‡`i aviYv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨ GKwU cÖkœcÎ Av‡Q|
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj (Z…Zxq †kÖwY)
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~iY Kivi mgq wkÿK‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ welqwU †_‡K (†h‡Kvb cvV-mgq Dc‡hvMx) wkÿv_©x‡K wiwWs co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, G‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbv hv‡e| A_©vr †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x mvejxj, †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ c‡o Zv †R‡b wb‡q 2, 3, 4 bs Kjvg c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn Q‡Ki 5, 6, 7, 8 I 9 bs Kjvg c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| 5 †_‡K 9 bs Kjvg c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ g~j¨vqb Z_¨ QK c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi h_vh_ n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ N‡i wUK (√) A_ev µm (×) wPý w`b|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Aek¨B One to One A¨v‡cÖv‡P Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi K‡qKwU w`K ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Zv n‡jv ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, we‡kølY, A‡b¨i cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK g‡bvfve, cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY, cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖwZ vwqZ¡‡eva BZ¨vw`| wewfbœfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ K‡i GB w`K¸‡jvi aviYv Av‡Q wK bv Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
294
cÖkœcÖÎ
1. Dc‡ii QwewU †`‡L/ch©‡eÿY K‡i cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi bvg e‡jv|
2. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb †hgb-Nievwo, MvQcvjv, evMvb, we`¨vjq Kxfv‡e msiÿY Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v
3. K‡iv/wb‡Ri fvlvq ej|
4. agx©q Drm‡e †Zvgiv eÜy‡`i mv‡_ Kxfv‡e Avb›` Ki Zv eY©bv Ki|
5. †Zvgvi GKRb mncvVx eÜy iv¯Ívq nVvr c‡o †M‡j Zzwg Kx Ki‡e?
295295
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
24
cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi we‡kl w`K
ch©‡eÿY
Avgv‡`i wkÿvµ‡g weÁv‡bi Rb¨ K‡qKwU cÖwµqvKiY `ÿZv (Process skill of Science) †hgb- ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, cixÿY, AbywgZ wm×všÍ MÖnY, AbywgZ wm×všÍ hvPvB AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ch©‡eÿY weÁv‡bi GKwU Avek¨Kxq `ÿZv| mvaviYfv‡e ch©‡eÿY ej‡Z †KD †KD †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`Lv‡K †ev‡Sb| ch©‡eÿY ïay †PvL w`‡q nq bv | Avgiv Avgv‡`i mKj Bw›`ªq e¨envi K‡i ch©‡eÿY K‡i _vwK| ch©‡eÿY n‡jv Bw›`ªq Øviv cÖZ¨ÿY| wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ n‡jv †Kv‡bv e¯‘ ev NUbv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i me¸‡jv Bw›`ªq e¨envi Kiv | D`vniY wnmv‡e GKwU dzj GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K w`‡q Zvi AvK…wZ, is, MÜ, MVb‰kjx (k³ bv big) BZ¨vw` wbY©q Ki‡Z ej‡Z cv‡ib|
†kÖwYKiY
†kÖwYKiY n‡jv †Kv‡bv ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ wewfbœ e¯‘‡K GKvwaK `‡j/†kÖwY‡Z mvRv‡bv| cÖ_g ev wØZxq †kÖwYi wkïiv †Kv‡bv ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ wewfbœ e¯‘‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvivi K_v| Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwY‡Z wkïiv e¯‘mg~n‡K A‡bK¸‡jv †kÖwY‡Z wef³ Ki‡Z cviv DwPZ|
cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv‡K `ywU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Ki‡Z wkï‡`i KvR †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
• †Kvb cÖvYx R‡j Avi †Kvb cÖvYx ¯’‡j evm K‡i?
• †Kvb dz‡ji NÖvY Av‡Q Avi †Kvb dz‡ji NÖvY †bB?
• hviv Pj‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i GKwU fv‡M, hviv Pj‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡`i Av‡iKwU fv‡M|
Z…Zxq †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY‡Z wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv‡K wZb ev Z‡ZvwaK †kÖwY‡Z fvM Ki‡Z wkï‡`i KvR †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
• wewfbœ AvKv‡ii MvQ ev Dw™¢`-eo, †QvU, gvSvwi|
• mewR RvZxq dmj, Lv`¨km¨ I Ab¨vb¨ A_©Kix dmj|
• †giæ`Êx I A‡giæ`Êx cÖvYxi wewfbœ K¨vUvMwi‡Z †kÖwYKiY|
cwigvcKiY
e¯‘mg~n‡K Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ cwigvc Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkïiv ev cÖ_g ch©v‡qi wkïiv cÖ_g w`‡K †Kv‡bv cwigvc h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv wKQz gvc‡Z cv‡i bv, Z‡e mn‡RB `yRb mncvVxi g‡a¨ †K j¤^v, †K Lv‡Uv Zv Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av‡iv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i-
1. †kÖwYKÿwU KZ j¤^v? (cv‡qi cvZv w`‡q †g‡c ej‡e)
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
296
2. †¯‹j ev wdZv w`‡q †Zvgvi †Uwej/eB gvc|
3. R¡i Kx w`‡q gvcv nq?
m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb
GwU n‡jv Avgiv hv ch©‡eÿY Kwi Zvi GKwU m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb| †hgb-e„wó bv‡gi wkÿv_©x Avcbv‡K †`‡L nvmj GwU Avcbvi ch©‡eÿY| wKš‘ †Kb nvmj Zv hw` e‡jb Z‡e Zv n‡e e¨vL¨v`vb | GQvov mKv‡j ev `ycy‡ii ZvcgvÎvi Rb¨ wRÁvmv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-
1. mKv‡ji ZvcgvÎv Kg †Kb?
2. `ycy‡ii ZvcgvÎv †ewk †Kb?
3. iv‡Z kxZ †ewk c‡o †Kb?
AbywgZ wm×všÍ
†Kv‡bv wKQz Kivi ev cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cixÿv ev hvPvB Kivi Av‡M ÔKx Ki‡j Kx NU‡eÕ G m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©xi aviYv _vKv `iKvi| †hgb-cvwb‡K Zvc w`‡j cvwb dzU‡e Ges ev®ú n‡q D‡o hv‡e| wkÿv_©xiv Gme aviYv Aek¨B Zv‡`i AwfÁZv I c~e©Ávb †_‡K K‡i _v‡K| Dc‡i DwjøwLZ 2wU Abywm×všÍB cixÿY K‡i †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i mwZ¨B N‡U wK bv| Gfv‡e AbywgZ wm×všÍ n‡jv ÔGwU Ki‡j Kx NU‡eÕ Ggb GKwU aviYv, hv cixÿv Kivi †hvM¨|
cixÿY
cixÿY n‡jv Kx NU‡e Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ wKQy GKUv Kiv| Avgiv c~‡e© ewY©Z `ÿZv¸‡jv‡Z †`‡LwQ †h, H ai‡bi Kv‡R Avgiv wb‡Riv †Kv‡bv wKQy cwieZ©b Kwi bv| hv Av‡Q ev NU‡Q Zv-B ch©‡eÿY Kwi, eY©bv Kwi, cwigvc Kwi, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb Kwi, †kÖwYKiY Kwi| wKš‘ cixÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv wKQy (e¯‘, Dcv`vb ev NUbv) cwieZ©b K‡i †`wL Zvi dj Kx nq|
†hgb-GKwU cv‡Î GK wjUvi cvwb i‡q‡Q| cvÎmn cvwb‡K hw` ïay †i‡L †`Iqv nq Zvn‡j Kx NU‡e? Avgiv †`Le †h AvaNÈv mg‡q †Zgb wKQyB nq‡Zv NU‡e bv| wKš‘ GKB mg‡q Avgiv hw` Av‡iKwU cv‡Î GK wjUvi cvwb wb‡q Pzjvi Ici ewm‡q Zvc †`B Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e wKQyÿY ci cvwb dzU‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ges AvaNÈv c‡i cvwb A‡bKUv K‡g †M‡Q| wØZxq †ÿ‡Î Avgiv wb‡Riv wKQy GKUv K‡iwQ (Zvc w`‡qwQ) | GwU GKwU cixÿY|
cixÿ‡Yi cieZ©x KvR n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡`i AwfÁZv I c~e©Áv‡bi mv‡_ cixÿvjä aviYvi mgš^q †LuvRv| A_©vr wkÿv_©x GB cÖwµqvq GKwU AbywgZ wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mB wm×všÍ wkÿv_©x hvPvB K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i|
• weÁvb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K Dc‡iv³ aviYv¸‡jv wb‡q †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e wkÿK‡K cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi ¯Íi Abyhvqx weÁvb wkLb‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK 30 wgwb‡Ui GKwU weÁvb K¬vm| Kxfv‡e wkÿK cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi weÁvb wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡eb? c~‡e©B †emjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i wbR wbR †j‡fj wPwýZ K‡i ivL‡eb| cÖ_g 10 wgwbU
cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi we‡kl w`K
297
wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i Open ended question/Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡i/c~e©Ávbg~jK cÖkœ K‡i cvV wk‡ivbvg †ev‡W© wjL‡eb| Gici ev¯Íe g‡Wj/mnRjf¨ DcKiY/ev¯Íe cwi‡e‡k wb‡q ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g welqe¯‘ †evSv‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b cixÿY K‡i †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib| AZtci mKj wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ ¯Íi Abyhvqx †ev‡W©i KvR †`‡eb| mKj wkÿv_©x hvi hvi Kv‡R e¨¯Í (engage) _vK‡e| GB mg‡q wkÿK 7.5 wgwbU K‡i 2wU `j‡K wb‡q †QvU `‡j e‡m Zv‡`i †j‡fj Abyhvqx cvV †evSv‡eb/we‡kølY/†kÖwYKiY/cixÿY/wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges eo `‡j †h ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR †`Iqv wQj Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| Gici cv‡Vi AskUzKz eo `‡j wiwWs co‡eb| GB Kv‡Ri ci wkÿK 5 Rb wkïi Kv‡Q wM‡q 1 wgwbU wiwWs ïb‡eb (AvOzj w`‡q a‡i) cv‡Vi Ask †_‡K| D‡jøL¨, weÁvb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g wiwWs AšÍf©y³ Kivi KviY wiwWs G mvejxj bv n‡j wkÿv_©xi †evSvi ÿgZv (Understanding), we‡kølY`ÿZv (Analysis), cÖ‡qvM`ÿZv (Application) AwR©Z n‡e bv|
298
Awa‡ekb 5 w`b
24
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (bgybv)
welqe¯‘ wkLb dj weÁv‡bi cÖwµqvKiY
`ÿZv (Process skill of Sci-
ence)
wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
mg‡eZ KvR wkÿ‡KimnvqZv Qvov
eÜy `‡j Abykxjb-
g~jKKvR
†QvU `‡j wkÿ‡KimnvqZvq
KvR
Aa¨vq-4_©Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cvwb cvV¨vsk
1. cvwbi Drmmg~n Rvb‡e
1. ch©‡eÿY Kzkj wewbgq
• cvwbi Dr‡mi GKwU wfwWI/Qwe †`wL‡q cÖ‡kœvËi I Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb
`j-1, 2, 3-Gi wkÿv_©xiv mg‡eZ Kv‡R †h ¯ÍiwfwËK wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv eÜy `‡j e‡mAbykxjb Ki‡e
`j-1 1. eÜy `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov †h Abykx-jbg~jK KvR †`Iqv n‡qwQj Zv wkÿK †QvU `‡j g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
• cvwbi e¨envi I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
• cvwbi `~lY I AcPq †iva
2. wbivc` I `~wlZ cvwb kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
2. †kÖwYKiY bgybv cÖkœ-
1. Qwe‡Z †Zvgiv Kx Kx †`L‡Z cv”Q? (ch©‡eÿY)
2. cvwbi Drm Kx Kx (ch©‡eÿY)
2. cvwb `~lY Kxfv‡e Kxfv‡e nq Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (bgybv)
299
3. gvby‡li Rb¨ cvwbi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e
3. ch©‡eÿY, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb
3. †Zvgvi cwievi †Kvb †Kvb Drm †_‡K cvwb msMÖn K‡i
(ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY)
3. cvwbi AcPq †iv‡a Avgv‡`i KiYxq m¤ú‡K©Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb
4. cvwbi AcPq †iv‡a m‡Pó n‡e
4. ch©‡eÿY, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb, wm×všÍ MÖnY
4. me Drm †_‡K cvIqv cvwb wK †Zvgiv cvb Ki? (ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY,m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb)
5. †Kvb †Kvb Drm †_‡K cvIqv cvwb Avgiv cvb Kwi (ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb, wm×všÍ MÖnY)¯ÍiwfwËK KvR e›Ub`j-11. cÖvYxi g‡Zv Dw™¢‡`i Kxfv‡e cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbnq Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL
2. K…wlKv‡R Kxfv‡e cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki
`j-2
1. cvwb e¨envi Avgiv Kxfv‡e Kwi
2. cvwbi e¨env‡ii `ywU wPÎ Gu‡K eY©bv Ki
`j-3
1. Abykxjbx †_‡K eB‡qi mnvqZv wb‡q k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki
`j-21. eÜy `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov †hAbykxjbg~jK KvR †`Iqv n‡qwQj Zv
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
300
2. Abykxjbxi mwVK DËi AskwU eB‡qi mnvqZv wb‡q hvPvB Ki
wkÿK †QvU `‡j g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| 2. Abykxjbxi mswÿß DËi cÖkœ †_‡K 1, 2, 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †jLvi Rb¨ cvV¨eB‡qi AskUzKz Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi †jLvq †QvU `‡j mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
• ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ-Gi GKwU Aa¨v‡qi wkLb dj AR©‡bi Rb¨ weÁv‡bi cÖwµqvKiY `ÿZv (Process skill of Science)-Gi †Kvb †Kvb `ÿZv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g e¨en«Z n‡e Zv Dc‡iv³ Q‡K D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| Avek¨Kxq cÖwµqvKiY `ÿZv¸‡jv n‡jv ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, cwigvcKiY, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v`vb, AbywgZ wm×všÍ MÖnY, cixÿY BZ¨vw`|
w`b
1
301
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
25
cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq)
wkÿv_©xi
bvg I
†ivj
wkÿv_©xi
cvVMZ
Ae¯’vb
Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e †kLve g~j¨vqb
†mv‡nj (1)
bvwej (2)
Ry‡qj (7)
ixbv (10)
wgZv (18)
HK¨ (22)
welqe¯‘
ï‡b
eyS‡Z
cv‡i Ges
ch©‡eÿY I
†kÖwYKiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i
1. Ôwewfbœ
ai‡bi
c`v_©Õ
Aa¨vq
†_‡K
cv‡Vi
Ask¸‡jv
wkL‡e
1. Ôwewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_©Õ Aa¨vq cvV`v‡bi ïiæ‡Z mg‡eZ KvR I
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_© †hgb BU, gvi‡ej, †Pqvi,
jvwV, `ya, cvwb, †Zj, †ejyb, dzUej BZ¨vw` wb‡q cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡-
jvPbv Kie
eÜy `‡j
wkÿv_©x‡`i
Abykxjb-
g~jK
Kv‡R e¨¯Í
†i‡L wkÿK
†QvU `‡j
(cÖwZw`b
2wU `j)
G‡b
cv‡Vi
welqe¯‘
wjL‡Z
w`‡q I
cÖ‡kœvˇii
gva¨‡g
g~j¨vqb Kie
2.ÔRxe‡bi
Rb¨
cvwbÕ
Aa¨vq
†_‡K cv‡Vi
Ask¸‡jv
wkL‡e
2. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbx I Abykxjbxi evB‡i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi,
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †`e (eB †`‡L)|
3. c`v‡_©i wZb Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨ Avwg (wkÿK) cixÿY AskwU eo
`‡j K‡i †`Lve (Whole class work)
4. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
†`e
5. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AvuK‡e Ges Zvi Ici wjL‡Z I
eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
302
6. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Avgvi Aa¨vqwU Avgvi (wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ AvOzj
w`‡q a‡i cove
1. ÔRxe‡bi Rb¨ cvwbÕ Aa¨vq cvV`v‡bi ïiæ‡Z mg‡eZ Kv‡R
cvwbi Dr‡mi Pwe/PvU©/wfwWI †`wL‡q ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY/cÖ‡kœvˇi
Av‡jvPbv Kie|
2. me Drm †_‡K cvwb wbivc` bq Zv eo `‡j (Whole class) †evSve
3. †Kvb †Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb cv‡bi Rb¨ wbivc`, †Kvb †Kvb Dr‡mi
cvwb wbivc` bq Zv †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z †`e eÜy `‡j|
4. cvV¨eB‡qi Qwe †`‡L Ges eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvwbi e¨envi
I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z †`e Ges †QvU `‡j mnvqZv Kie|
5. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbxi wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK
DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †`e (eB †`‡L)|
6. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †`e|
7. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AuvK‡Z Ges Zvi Ici wjL‡Z I
eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e|
8. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Avgvi (wkÿ‡Ki) mv‡_ AvOyj w`‡q a‡i
cove|
1. ÔRxe‡bi Rb¨ cvwbÕ Aa¨vq cvV`v‡bi ïiæ‡Z mg‡eZ Kv‡R
cvwbi Dr‡mi Qwe/PvU©/wfwWI †`wL‡q ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY/cÖ‡kœvˇi
Av‡jvPbv Kie|
2. me Drm †_‡K cvwb wbivc` bq Zv eo `‡j (Whole class)
†evSve|
3. †Kvb †Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb cv‡bi Rb¨ wbivc`, †Kvb †Kvb Dr‡mi
cvwb wbivc` bq Zv †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z †`e eÜy `‡j|
4. cvV¨eB‡qi Qwe †`‡L Ges eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvwbi e¨envi
I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z †`e Ges †QvU `‡j mnvqZv Kie|
5. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbxi wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK
DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †`e (eB †`‡L)|
6. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †`e
7. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AuvK‡Z Ges Zvi Ici wjL‡Z I
eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e|
8. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Avgvi (wkÿ‡Ki) mv‡_ AvOzj w`‡q a‡i
cove|
ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (bgybv)
303
wgg (21)
mvwg (27)
mvw`qv(29)
wgZz (31)
Av‡iwdb
(28)
welqe¯‘ ï‡b
eyS‡Z cv‡i, ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, cwigvc-KiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i, m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v
`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
1. Ò wewfbœ
ai‡bi
c`v_©Ó Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv
wkL‡e|
1. Ôwewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_©Õ Aa¨vq cvV`v‡bi ïiæ‡Z mg‡eZ KvR I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_© †hgb BU, gvi‡ej, †Pqvi, jvwV, `ya, cvwb, †Zj, †ejyb, dzUej BZ¨vw` wb‡q cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv Kie|
eÜy `‡j
wkÿv_©x‡`i Abykxjb-g~jKKv‡R e¨¯Í †i‡L wkÿK †QvU `‡j (cÖwZw`b 2wU `j) G‡b cv‡Viwelqe¯‘ wjL‡Z w`‡q I cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g
g~j¨vqb Kie
2.ÔRxe‡bi
Rb¨ cvwbÕ
Aa¨vq
†_‡K cv‡Vi
Ask¸‡jv
wkL‡e
2. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbx I Abykxjbxi evB‡i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi,
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †`e|
3. c`v‡_©i wZb Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨ Avwg (wkÿK) cixÿY AskwU eo
`‡j K‡i †`Lve|
4. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
†`e|
5. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AvuK‡e Ges Zvi Dci wjL‡Z I
eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e|
6. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K/ `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i cVb ¯Íi Abymv‡i
7. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbxi wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK
DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †`e|
8. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
†`e|
9. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AvuK‡Z Ges Zvi Dci wjL‡Z I
eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e|
10. cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Aa¨vqwU Avgvi (wkÿ‡Ki) mv‡_ AvOzj w`‡q
a‡i cove|
304
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
25
mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (cÖv_wgK weÁvb)3q, 4_© I 5g †kÖwY †gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU
KvR wkÿ‡Ki mgq wkÿv_©xi mgq
1. mg‡eZ KvR (10 wgwbU)
1.1 ï‡f”Qv wewbgq/Kzkj wewbgq|
1.2. wm‡jevm Abyhvqx welqe¯‘ Av‡jvPbv (†QvU †QvU cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g)
1.3. ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †ev‡W© wj‡L †`qv Ges A¨vKwU-wfwU eywS‡q †`qv|
1.0 --
1.1 1 wgwbU
1.2 6 wgwbU
1.3 3 wgwbU
1.0 --
1.1 1 wgwbU
1.2 6 wgwbU
1.3 3 wgwbU
2. wgkª`‡j/eÜy`‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq/wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR (15 wgwbU)|
2.1 ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©xi KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov)|
2.2 †QvU `‡j KvR g~j¨vqb (wkÿ‡Ki mn-vqZvq)
2. --
2.1. -- 0 wgwbU
2.2. 15 wgwbU
(2wU `j) wkÿ‡Ki
2. --
2.1 10 wg-wbU (wgkª`‡j e‡m GKvKx/`jMZfv‡e wb‡`©kbv I ¯Íi Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ KvR Ki‡e|
2.2 15 wgwbU (†h mKj wkÿv_©xiv †QvU `‡j
305305
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
25
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq)1. mgvR, cwi‡ek I cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i ¸iæZ¡
Dcjwä Kiv|
2. we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkïmn (bvix-cyiæl, †kªwY, RvwZ, ag©-eY© BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡kl) mK‡ji mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv I m¤cÖxwZi gvbwmKZv AR©b Kiv|
3. †gŠwjK Pvwn`v I gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©b Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Abykxjb Kiv|
4. mgvR I iv‡óªi m`m¨ wnmv‡e wb‡Ri AwaKvi, `vwqZ,¡ KZ©e¨ I wbivcËv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jv AR©b I cvj‡b m‡PZb nIqv|
5. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mgvwRK I ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i cwiPq, h_vh_ e¨envi, msiÿY I AcPq †iva Kiv|
6. mKj †ckv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv I KvwqK kª‡gi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nIqv|
7. cigZ mwnòzZv cÖ`k©b I MYZvwš¿K ixwZbxwZ Abykxjb Kiv|
8. ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi gva¨‡g fv‡jv-g‡›`i cv_©K¨ wbiæcb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
9. wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖnY Kiv Ges G¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Kiv|
10. `y‡hv©M m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges `y‡hv©M †gvKv‡ejvq `ÿZv AR©b Kiv|
11. cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY Rvbv Ges cwi‡ek msiÿY I Dbœq‡b AskMÖnY Kiv|
12. RbmsL¨v mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
13. c„w_exi gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b|
14. gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm Rvbv I Gi †PZbvq †`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡ev‡a D×z× nIqv|
15. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ, †fŠMwjK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jvi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj nIqv I fv‡jvevmv|
16. AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡eva, wek¦åvZ…Z¡ I wek¦ ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ AvMÖnx I kª×vkxj nIqv|
me©‡gvU = 16 wU
306
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
25
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqAvek¨Kxq wkLbµg
welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
cÖ_g †kÖwY wØZxq †kÖwY Z…Zxq †kÖwY PZz_© †kÖwY cÂg †kÖwY
1. mgvR, cwi‡ek I cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Kiv|
1.1 we`¨vjq, evwo/evmv I Av‡kcv‡ki cwi‡ek ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e Ges wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|
1.1 Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡ki mvgvwRK I cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
1.2 cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi cvi¯úwiK wbf©ikxjZv Dcjwä Ki‡e|
1.1 mgvR I cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
1.2 mvgvwRK I cÖvK…wZK
cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb Ges G‡`i KvR I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
1.1 cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Rvb‡e Ges Dcjwä Ki‡e|
-
2. we‡kl-Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkïmn (bvix-cyiyl, †kÖwY, RvwZ-ag©-eY© BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l) mK‡ji mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv I m¤úªxwZi gvb-wmKZv AR©b Kiv|
2.1 evwo I we`¨vj‡q mK‡ji m‡½ wg‡jwg‡k Pj‡e|
2.1 evwo, we`¨vjq Ges Av‡kcv‡k mK‡ji m‡½ wg‡jwg‡k Pj‡e I mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e|
2.2 wewfbœ Rxebaviv Ges a‡g©i Abym-vix mncvVx‡`i ag©xq Drm‡ei bvg Rvb‡e|
2.1 mgv‡R mK‡ji m‡½ m¤úªxwZ I kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯’v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Ki‡e|
2.2 we‡kl- Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï mn bvix-cyiæl, †kÖwY, RvwZ-ag©-eY©, †QvU-eowbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji m‡½ fv‡jv AvPiY Ki‡e|
2.1 we‡kl- P v w n ` v m¤ ú b œ wkkymn bvix-cyiyl, †kÖwY, R v w Z - a g © -eY© BZ¨vw` w b w e © ‡ k ‡ l mK‡ji m‡½ m¤úªxwZ I kvwšÍc~Y© mn- Ae¯’v‡bi gvb-wmKZv AR©b Ki‡e|
2.1 mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wn‡m‡e bvix cyi“‡li mg-gh©v`v eyS‡e Ges cwievi I we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweav I AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZvi ¸iæZ¡¡ Dcjwä Ki‡e|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
307
2.2 evwo I we`¨vj‡q mK‡ji m‡½ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY Ki‡e I cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri e¨envh© mvgMÖx w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e|
2.3 wewfbœ Rxebaviv I a‡g©i Abym-vix mncvVx‡`i wewfbœ ag©xq D r m ‡ e i bvg Rvb‡e, k Ö × v ‡ c v l Y Ki‡e|
2 . 2 w e ‡ k l -P v w n ` v m¤ ú b œ wkï I e¨w³i Pvwn`v eyS‡e I cÖ‡qvRbxq m n ‡ h v w M Z v Ki‡e|2.3 evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU ¶z`ª RvwZmËvi Rx-ebaviv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
2.2 AwURg Kx eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges AwUw÷K wkï‡`i we‡kl ˆewkó¨ Rvbv I Pvwn`v A b y a v e ‡ b i gva¨‡g Zv‡`i cÖwZ BwZevPK AvPiY cÖ`k©‡bi g‡bvfve AR©b Ki‡e|
3. †gŠwjK Pvwn`v I gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©b Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Abykxjb Kiv|
- -
3.1 wkïi K‡qKwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|3.2 wkï wb‡Ri AwaKvi cÖwZôvq m‡PZb n‡e I A‡b¨i AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj n‡e|
-
3.1 gvbev-waKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|3.2 gvbev-waKvi ev¯Íevqb m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡e|
4. mgvR I iv‡óªi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ I wbivcËv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jv AR©b I cvj‡b m‡PZb nIqv|
4.1 cwiev‡ii ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡e|4.2 wb‡Ri wbivcËv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡e|
4.1 wkïi cÖwZ cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i `vwqZ¡ Ges cwiev‡ii cÖwZ wkïi `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡e|
4.1 wkïi cÖwZ cwiev‡ii I cwiev‡ii cÖwZ wkïi `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡e|
4.1 bvMwiK wn‡m‡e iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K cÖvc¨ A w aK v i ¸ ‡ j v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|4.2 wb‡Ri A w a K v i m n A‡b¨i AwaKvi cÖwZôvq m‡PZb n‡e I A‡b¨i A w a K v i ‡ K kÖ×v Ki‡e|
4.1 mgvR I iv‡óªi cÖwZ wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e I cvjb Ki‡e|4.2 wb‡Ri wbivcËv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
308
5. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i cwiPq, h_vh_ e¨envi, msi¶Y I AcPq †iva Kiv|
-
5.1 wkïi e ¨ w ³ M Z e¨envh© mvg-MÖx (e¨vM, eB, LvZv, †cbwmj, RyZv, weQvbv, c o v i † U w e j , †Ljbv BZ¨vw`) h _ v h _ f v ‡ e e¨envi Ges msi¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e I AcPq †iva Ki‡e|5.2 cwievi I we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ mvgMÖx h_vh_ e¨envi I msi¶Y Ki‡e Ges AcPq Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e|
-
5.1 mvgvwRK I ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i cwiPq, e¨envi, i ¶ Y v ‡ e ¶ Y , Dbœqb Ges ms¯‹vi Kv‡R h_vm¤¢e Ask-MÖnY Ki‡e|
-
6. mKj †ckv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv I KvwqK kÖ‡gi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nIqv |
6.1 evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡q †K †K KvR K‡i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e I Kv‡Ri bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|
6.1 evwo‡Z wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ KvR¸‡jv h_vm¤¢e wb‡R Ki‡e|6.2 evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ Kv‡R mvg_©¨ Aby-hvqx Ask-MÖnY I Ab¨‡`i m n ‡ h v w M Z v Ki‡e|
6.1 mgv‡Ri w e w f b œ †ck vRxe x ‡`i m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ eyS‡e|
6.1 kÖ‡gi gh©v`v eyS‡e|6.2 mgv‡R †ck vRxe x ‡`i Ae`vb Rvb‡e|6.3 K‡qK ai‡bi† c k v R x e x i Kv‡Ri eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e Ges mK‡ji KvR‡K kÖ×v Ki‡e|
-
7. cigZm-wnòzZv cÖ`k©b I MYZvwš¿K ixwZbxwZ Abykxjb Kiv|
7.1 evwo‡Z I †kÖwYK‡¶i wewfbœ Kv‡R I wel‡q wbR¯^ gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡e|
7.1 MYZ‡š¿i g~j K_v Ab-yaveb Ki‡e|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
309
- - -
7.2 A‡b¨i gZvgZ ˆah©mn ïb‡e I kÖ×v Ki‡e|7.3 MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva AR©b Ki‡e|
7.2 MYZš¿‡K kÖ×v Ki‡e Ges evwo I we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ Kv‡R MYZvwš¿K ixwZbxwZ PP©v Ki‡e|
8. ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi gva¨‡g fv‡jv-g‡›`i cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cviv Ges Zv ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cª‡qvM Kiv|
-
8.1 evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi mvg-vwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj PP©v Ki‡e|
8.1 K‡qKwU mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Yvewji ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e|8.2 evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi mvg-vwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj PP©v Ki‡e|
8.1 ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©b Kivi ¸iæZ¡ eyS‡e I G¸‡jv AR‡©b m‡Pó n‡e I ev¯Íe Rxe‡b †m¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e|
-
9. wewf-bœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û Ask-MÖnY Kiv Ges G¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Kiv|
- -
9.1 cwievi I we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK KvR wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges G¸‡jv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
9.1 wbR GjvKvi wewf-bœ Dbœqbg~jK Kg©KvÛ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e I G¸‡jv‡Z Ask-MÖnY Ki‡e|
-
10. `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi `¶Zv AR©b Kiv|
- - -10.1 evsjv‡`‡k NUgvb wewfbœ ai‡bi `y‡h©vM Ges mgvR- Rxe‡b G‡`i cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e| 10.2 c Ö w Z K ~ j Z v I `y‡h©vM † g v K v ‡ e j v i Dcvq Rvb‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
1 0 . 1 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k AvenvIqv I Rjevqy cwieZ©b I mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y m„ó `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e Ges Zv † g v K v ‡ e j v i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb I `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
310
- --
10.2 cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ bó nq Ggb Kg©KvÛ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e|
11. cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY Rvbv Ges cwi‡ek msi¶Y I Dbœq‡b AskMÖnY Kiv|
11.1 we`¨vjq I M„n¯’vjxi cwiZ¨³ `ªe¨vw` w`‡q Kxfv‡e cwi‡ek bó nq Zv Rvb‡e I G ai‡bi KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e|
11.1 we`¨vjq Ges M„n¯’vjxi cwiZ¨³ `ªe¨vw` w`‡q Kxfv‡e cwi‡ek bó nq ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e I G ai‡bi KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e|11.2 evwo I we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek i¶vi Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
11.1 cwi‡ek `~lYgy³ ivLvi ¸iæZ¡ eyS‡e|11.2 cwi‡ek `~lY RwbZ K‡qKwU mvg-vwRK mgm¨v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|11.3 cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb I msi¶‡Y Ask-MÖnY Ki‡e|
- -
12. RbmsL¨v mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
12.1 †QvU cwievi I eo cwievi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡e|12.2 cwiev‡i AwaK RbmsL¨v K x f v ‡ e cwi‡e‡ki Dci cÖfve †d‡j Zv ej‡Z cvi‡e|
12.1 †QvU cwievi I eo cwievi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡e|12.2 cwiev‡i AwaK RbmsL¨v K x f v ‡ e cwi‡e‡ki Dci cÖfve †d‡j Zv ej‡Z cvi‡e|
12.1 evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v cwiw¯’wZ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
12.1 evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v cwiw¯’wZ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|12.2 evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v `ªæZ e„w×i KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
12.1 gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi Ici RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|1 2 . 2 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k i gvby‡li Rx-e b h v Î v i gv‡bi Ici RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
1 2 . 3 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k i e ¨ v c K R b ‡ M v ô x ‡ K R b m ¤ ú ‡ ` i c v š Í ‡ i i ¸iæZ¡ I Dcvq Rvb‡e|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
311
13. c„w_exi gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b|
- -
13.1 gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e I gvbwP‡Î G¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|13.2 evsjv‡`k †Kvb gnv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z Zv ej‡Z cvi‡e|
13.1 Gwkqv g n v ‡ ` ‡ k i msw¶ß eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e|
-
14. gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm Rvbv I Gi †PZ-bvq †`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡ev‡a D‡™¢vaŸ / DØy× nIqv|
14.1 RvZxq cZvKvi †gŠwLK eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e|14.2 gy³nv‡Z RvZxq cZvKv AvuK‡Z cvi‡e|
14.1 RvZxq c Z v K v e¨env‡ii wbqg Rvb‡e I m¤§vb Ki‡e|
14.1 RvwZi wcZvi Rxebx I evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b Zuvi Ae`vb ms‡¶‡c Rvb‡e I Zuvi Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ n‡e|
1 4 . 1 g y w ³ h y ‡ × i cUf~wg Rvb‡e (fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K 1971 Gi 25 gvP© ch©šÍ) |
1 4 . 1 g y w ³ h y ‡ × i msw¶ß eY©bv ( 2 5 g v ‡ P © i ci †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ) w`‡Z cvi‡e I Gi Rb¨ Me©‡eva Ki‡e|
14.3 RvZxq msMx‡Zi cÖ_g Pvi jvBb ï× K‡i ej‡Z I MvB‡Z cvi‡e I RvZxq cZvKv‡K m¤§vb Ki‡e|
14.2 RvZxq Kwe I RvZxq msMx‡Zi iP-wqZvi bvg Rvb‡e|14.3 RvZxq msMxZ MvB‡Z Ges RvZxq msMxZ I RvZxq c Z v K v ‡ K Kxfv‡e m¤§vb Ki‡Z nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡e|14.4 gyw³hy× ¯§i‡Y I wewfbœ RvZxq w`em D`&&hvcb D c j ‡ ¶ Abyôv‡b Ask-MÖnY Ki‡e|
14.2 Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq msMxZ †h gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zv Rvb‡e I Me© Abyfe Ki‡e|14.3 RvZxq cZvKvi is I bKkvi mwVK AbycvZ Ges wewfbœ w`em Gi e¨envi Rvb‡e|
14.2 wewfbœ †¶‡Î ZrKvjxb c~e© I cwðg c v w K ¯ Í v ‡ b i g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|1 4 . 3 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k i ¯ ^ v a x b Z v i †PZbvi K_v Rvb‡e|14.4 1971 Gi 25 gvP© iv‡Z evOvwj‡`i Ici cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨ evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi NUbv ej‡Z cvi‡e|14.5 1971 Gi 26 gvP© ¯ ^ v a x b Z v i †NvlYv
14.2 mvaviY gvbyl I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A v Z ¥ Z ¨ v ‡ M i K_v Rvb‡e I Zv‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|1 4 . 3 g y w ³ h y ‡ × i † P Z b -vq †`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡ev‡a DÏxß n†e Ges Z¨v‡Mi g‡bvfve MVb I †`kMovi Kv‡R mwµq AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
312
I gyw³hy‡×i D ‡ j L ‡ h v M ¨ BwZnvm Rvb‡e|
15. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ, †fŠ‡MvwjK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G¸‡jvi cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqv I fv†jvevmv|
15.1 RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq m s M x Z ‡ K f v ‡ j v e v m v i gva¨‡g †`k‡cÖ‡g D‡™¢vaŸ n‡e|15.2 ¯^vaxbZv w`em, weRq w`em, kwn`
w`em Gi ZvwiL D‡jøL/ej‡Z
cvi‡e|15.3 we`¨vjq KZ…©K Av‡qvwRZ wewfbœ RvZxq w`e‡mi Abyôvb Dc‡fvM Ki‡e|15.4 evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ †`‡L wPb‡Z cvi‡e|15.5 evsjv bee‡l©i gv‡mi bvg I ZvwiL ej‡Z cvi‡e|15.6 evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU RvZxq cÖZx‡Ki (dj, dzj, gvQ, cï, cvwL) bvg Rvb‡e|15.7 Avgv‡`i ivóªfvlvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|15.8 RvZxq cÖZxK¸‡jvi Qwe AvuK‡e|
15.1 kwn` w`em, ¯^vaxbZv w`em, weRq w`em, evsjv bee‡l©i ZvwiL ej‡Z cvi‡e I G¸‡jvi Zvrch© Dcjwä Ki‡e|15.2 K‡qKwU †jvK Kvwnwb I Qov ej‡Z cvi‡e|1 5 . 3 gyw³hy‡×i NUbv Rvbvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Kxfv‡e RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq msMxZ AR©b K‡iwQ Zv ej‡Z cvi‡e|1 5 . 4 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k i gvbwP‡Î w`K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|15.5 RvZxq cÖZxK¸‡jvi Qwe AvuK‡Z cvi‡e|15.6 RvZxq cÖZxK¸‡jvi Qwe AvuK‡e|15.7 Avgv‡`i ivóªfvlvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|
15.1 evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq w`em¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|15.2 evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvgvwRK Drme¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|15.3 evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv‡iLv I AvqZb Rvb‡e|15.4 Qvc w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ AuvK‡Z cvi‡e|15.5 evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ †`‡L Gi mxgvbv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡e|15.6 gvbwP‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx I wefvMxq kni Ges cÖavb cÖavb b`x †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
15.1 cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡Mi evsjvi BwZn-vm ms‡¶‡c Rvb‡e|1 5 . 2 e v s j v ‡ ` ‡ k i † f Š ‡ M v w j K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b Ki‡e|15.3 evsjv‡`‡ki HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv jvf Ki‡e I kÖ×v Ki‡e|
15.1 weªwUk J c w b ‡ e w k K k v m b K v j m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b Ki‡e|15.2 evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU HwZnvwmK wb`k©b I mswkøóBwZnvm ms‡¶‡c Rvb‡e|15.3 evsjv‡`‡ki K„wlRvZ `ªe¨, wkí I Avg`vwb-ißvwb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
313
16. AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡eva, wek¦åvZ…Z¡ I wek¦ ms¯‹„wZi cÖwZ AvMÖnx I kÖ×vkxj nIqv|
- - - 16.1 Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki ms¯‹„wZ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b Ki‡e|
16.1 we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k I RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ eÜyZ¡ I åvZ…‡Z¡i ¸iæZ¡ eyS‡e|16.2 mvK© m ¤ ú ‡ K © m s ‡ ¶ ‡ c Rvb‡e|16.3 RvwZmsN m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv AR©b Ki‡e|
314
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
25
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ (1g -2q †kªwY) welqe¯‘
1g †kªwY 2q †kªwY
1. cwi‡ek
2. cwievi I we`¨vjq
3. wg‡jwg‡k _wK
4. Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKv, cÖZxK I RvZxq msMxZ
5. Avgv‡`i RvZxq w`em
6. Avgv‡`i †jvKQov
7. Avgviv mevB KvR Kwi
8. mgqg‡Zv KvR Kwi
9. ˆ`bw›`b KvR
10. w`K †Pbv
11. cwievi I RbmsL¨v
mvgvwRK cwi‡ek
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek
gvwU, cvwb I evqy
cwi‡ek msiÿY
Avgiv mevB gvbyl
wkï AwaKvi
kªgRxwe gvbyl
Avgv‡`i †`k
Avgv‡`i RvZxq BwZnvm I Hwnn¨
mvgvwRK I ivwóªq m¤ú`
k„•Ljv‡eva, mgqvbyewZ©Zv I wkóvPvi†gŠwjK Pvwn`vi Dci RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfve
†gvU welqe¯‘ = 11 wU †gvvU welqe¯‘ = 12 wU
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq (Z…Zxq-cÂg †kªwY) welqe¯‘
Z…Zxq †kÖwY PZz_© †kªwY cÂg †kªwY
1. Avgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ek
2. wg‡jwg‡k _vwK
3. Avgv‡`i AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡
4. mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †ckv
5. gvby‡li ¸b
6. cwievi I we`¨vj‡q Dbœqbg~jK KvR
1. Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek I mgvR
2. mgv‡R mnve¯’vb I mn‡hvwMZv
3. evsjv‡`‡ki ÿz`ª RvwZmË¡v
4. bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi5. mvgvwRK I ivóªxq
m¤ú`
1. Avgv‡`i gyw³hy×2. Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k: Bs‡iR
kvmb3. evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK
¯’vb I wb`k©b4. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ: K…wl
I wkí5. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ (1g -2q †kªwY) welqe¯‘
315
6. cwi‡ek msiÿY I Dbœqb
7. gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi
8. Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k
9. Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv
10. Avgv‡`i BwZnvm I
ms¯‹…wZ
11. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v
12. wewfbœ †ckvi gh©v`v
13. cigZ mwnòzZv
14. bwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj
15. GjvKvi Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ
16. y‡h©vM I `y‡hv©M †gvKv‡ejv
17. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v
18. Gwkqv gnv‡`k
19. Avgv‡`i gyw³hy×v
20. Avgv‡`i BwZnvm
21. Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ
22. Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k
23. Rjevqy Ges `y‡hv©M
24. gvbevwaKvi
25. Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
26. Avgiv mevB mgvb
27. MYZvwš¿K g‡bvfve
28. bvix-cyiæl mgZv
29. evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU ÿz`ª RvwZmË¡v I Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ
30. evsjv‡`k I ewnwe©k¦
†gvU welqe¯‘ = 12 wU †gvU welqe¯‘ = 16 wU †gvU welqe¯‘ = 13 wU
316
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
25
3q/4_©/5g †kªwYi cvV¨eB‡q †h mKj welqe¯‘ commonwelqe¯‘ welq
Avgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ek/Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek I mgvR mvgvwRK weÁvb
wg‡jwg‡k _vwK/ mgv‡R mnve¯’vb I mn‡hvwMZv/Avgiv mevB mgvb mvgvwRK weÁvb
Avgv‡`i AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ /bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi/Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ †cŠibxwZ
mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †ckv/ wewfbœ †ckvi gh©v`v mvgvwRK weÁvb
gvby‡li ¸Y/ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj mvgvwRK weÁvb
cwievi I we`¨vj‡q Dbœqbg~jK KvR/ GjvKvi Dbœqbg~jK Kg©KvÛ mvgvwRK weÁvb
cwi‡ek I msiÿY I Dbœqb/ GjvKvi Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ mvgvwRK weÁvb
gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi/Gwkqv gnv‡`k f~‡Mvj
Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k/Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k/ evsjv‡`k I ewnwe©k¦ f~‡Mvj
Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv/ Avgv‡`i gyw³hyä/Avgv‡`i gyw³hy× BwZnvm
Avgv‡`i BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ/Avgv‡`i BwZnvm, Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ BwZnvm
evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v/evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v/evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v RbwgwZ
** Z…Zxq †kªwYi 12wU welqe¯‘ PZy_© †kªwY‡Z I i‡q‡Q Ges 4 wU welqe¯‘ cÂg †kªwY‡Z i‡q‡Q|
317
w`b
1
317
w`b
25
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq †kÖwYwfwËK welqe¯‘
welqe¯‘ Z…Zxq †kªwY PZz_© †kªwY cÂg †kªwY gšÍe¨
1. Avgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ek √ √ -- GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, Z…Zxq-cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ †gvU 20wU welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ 12wU welqe¯‘ Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kªwY‡Z Common Ges 7 wU welqe¯‘ cÂg †kªwY‡Z i‡q‡Q| PZz_© I cÂg †kªwY‡Z 7 wU bZzb welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q Ges Gi g‡a¨ 3 wU welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q hv ïaygvÎ cÂg †kªwYi cvV¨ eB‡q Av‡Q|
2. wg‡jwg‡k _wK √ √ √
3. Avgv‡`i AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ √ √ √
4. mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †ckv √ √ --
5. gvby‡li ¸Y √ √ √
6. cwievi I we`¨vjq Dbœqbg~jK KvR
√ √ --
7. cwi‡ek msi¶Y I Dbœqb √ √ --
8. gnv‡`k I gnvmvMi √ √ --
9. Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`k √ √ √
10. Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv √ √ √
11. Avgv‡`i BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ √ √ √
12. evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v √ √ √
13. mvgvwRK I ivwóªq m¤ú` -- √ √
14. evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª RvwZmËv -- √ √
15. cigZ mwnòzZv -- √ √
16. evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK ¯’vb I wb`k©b
-- -- √
17. y‡h©vM I `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv -- √ √
18. bvix-cyiyl mgZv -- -- √
19. evsjv‡`k I ewnwe©k¦ -- -- √
12 17 15
Awa‡ekb 3
318
Awa‡ekb 3 w`b
25
†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx 1g-5g †kÖwYi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³
welqe¯‘†cv÷vi
1g †kªwY 2q †kªwY Z…Zxq †kªwY PZz_© †kªwY cÂg †kªwY
†kªwY wfwËK AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
welqe¯‘ I c„ôv b¤^i
†kªwY wfwËK AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
welqe¯‘ I c„ôv b¤^i
†kªwY wfwËK AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
welqe¯‘ I c„ôv b¤^i
†kªwY wfwËK AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
welqe¯‘ I c„ôv b¤^i
†kªwY wfwËK AR©b
Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
welqe¯‘ I c„ôv b¤^i
319
w`b
1
319
w`b
25
Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ †emjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv/wbqgvewjwkÿv_©x‡`i Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GB †emjvBb g~j¨vqb| wkÿv_©x g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨, g~j¨vq‡bi c~‡e© wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq K‡i fxwZnxb cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡eb| wkÿK GKRb GKRb K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K Kv‡Q G‡b (One to one approach) g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| GB g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g-
• cvV¨eBwU cov
• cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i †kÖwYKiY Kiv|
• cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY
• cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖwZ `vwqZ¡‡eva
• cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv I mngwg©Zv
GB K‡qKwU wel‡qi Dci wkÿv_©x‡`i aviYv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨ GKwU cÖkœcÎ Av‡Q|
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj (Z…Zxq †kÖwY)
†emjvBb g~j¨vqb QK c~iY Kivi mgq wkÿK‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ welqwU †_‡K (†h‡Kvb cvV-mgq Dc‡hvMx) wkÿv_©x‡K wiwWs co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, G‡Z wkÿv_©x‡`i cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbv hv‡e| A_©vr †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x mvejxj, †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x AvswkK mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kvb †Kvb wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki m¤ú~Y© mvnv‡h¨ c‡o Zv †R‡b wb‡q 2, 3, 4 bs Kjvg c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Z_¨ msMÖn Q‡Ki 5, 6, 7, 8 I 9 bs Kjvg c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| 5 †_‡K 9 bs Kjvg c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ g~j¨vqb Z_¨ QK c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi h_vh_ n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ N‡i wUK (√) A_ev µm (×) wPý w`b|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, †emjvBb g~j¨vqb Aek¨B One to One A¨v‡cÖv‡P Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi K‡qKwU w`K ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Zv n‡jv ch©‡eÿY, †kÖwYKiY, we‡kølY, A‡b¨i cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK g‡bvfve, cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY, cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖwZ vwqZ¡‡eva BZ¨vw`| wewfbœfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K cÖkœ K‡i GB w`K¸‡jvi aviYv Av‡Q wK bv Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
Awa‡ekb 4
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
320
cÖkœcÖÎ
1. Dc‡ii QwewU †`‡L/ch©‡eÿY K‡i cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi bvg e‡jv|
2. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb †hgb-Nievwo, MvQcvjv, evMvb, we`¨vjq Kxfv‡e msiÿY Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v
3. K‡iv/wb‡Ri fvlvq ej|
4. agx©q Drm‡e †Zvgiv eÜy‡`i mv‡_ Kxfv‡e Avb›` Ki Zv eY©bv Ki|
5. †Zvgvi GKRb mncvVx eÜy iv¯Ívq nVvr c‡o †M‡j Zzwg Kx Ki‡e?
321321
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
25ev
sjv‡`
k I
wek¦c
wiPq
wel‡
qi †
emjv
Bb g
~j¨vq
b Z
_¨ m
sMÖn
QK
9
cwie
vi I
mg
v‡Ri
cÖwZ
`v
wqZ
¡‡eva bv
•Ôe
vsjv‡`
k I
wek¦c
wiPq
Õ we
l‡qi
wk¶
K e
vsjv w
elq
wk¶
‡Ki
KvQ
†_‡
K 2
, 3,
4 b
s Kjv
‡gi
Z_¨
†R
‡b †
b‡eb
Ges
†em
jvBb
g~j¨
vqb
Z_¨
ms
MÖn Q
K c
~iY K
i‡eb
|
•ch
©‡e¶
Y n‡
jv B
w›`ªq
Øviv
cÖZ
¨¶Y|
Avg
v‡`i
mKj
Bw›`
ªq e¨
envi
K‡i
g‡b
v‡hvM
w`‡q
†`L
v‡K c
h©‡e¶
Y ej
v nq|
†kÖw
YKiY
n‡j
v †K
v‡bv
ˆewk
‡ó¨i
wfwË
‡Z we
wfbœ
e¯‘‡K
GK
vwaK
`‡j
fvM
Kiv
nu¨v
8
cwi‡
e‡ki
we
wfbœ
Dcv`
vb
msi¶
Y K
i‡Z
cv
‡i
bvnu¨
v
7
A‡b¨
i cÖw
Z
mn‡h
vwMZ
vg~jK
g‡
bvfv
e bvnu¨
v
6
†kÖwY
KiY
Ki‡
Z
cv‡i
bvnu¨
v
5
ch©‡e
¶Y
Ki‡
Z c
v‡i
bvnu¨
v
4
m¤ú~Y
© mv
nv‡h
¨ co
‡Z
cv‡i
3
Avswk
K
mvnv
‡h¨
co‡Z
cv‡i
2
mvej
xj
fv‡e
co
‡Z
cv‡i
1
wk¶
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
bs
322
Awa‡ekb 4 w`b
25Ôe
vsjv‡`
k I
wek¦c
wiPq
Õ wel
‡qi
†emj
vBb
g~j¨vq
b we
‡kølY
I †
kÖwYK
iY (
QK)
8
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
, mn
‡hvwM
Zvg
~jKg‡
bvfv
e, c
wiev
i I
mgv‡R
i cÖw
Z
`vwq
Z¡‡e
va G
es c
wi‡e
‡ki
wewf
bœ Dc
v`vb
ms
i¶Y
Ki‡
Z c
v‡i
7
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
I
mn‡h
vwMZ
vg~jK
g‡
bvfv
e G
es c
wiev
i I
mgv‡R
i cÖw
Z
`vwq
Z¡‡e
va A
v‡Q
6
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†k
ÖwYK
iY I
mn
‡hvwM
Zvg
~jK
g‡bv
fve
Av‡Q
5
ch©‡e
¶Y
I †k
ÖwYK
iY
Ki‡
Z c
v‡i
4
ch©‡e
¶Y
Ki‡
Z
cv‡i
3
wk¶
v_©xi
bv
g I
†ivj
bs
2
g~j¨vq
bK…Z
wk
¶v_
©xi
msL¨
v
1 †kÖwY
323
w`b
1
323
w`b
25Ôe
vsjv‡`
k I
wek¦c
wiPq
Õ wel
‡qi
†emj
vBb
g~j¨vq
b we
‡kølY
I †
kÖwYK
iY(b
gybv)
8
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
, mn
‡hvw-
MZvg
~jK g
‡bvf
ve,
cwie
vi I
mg
v‡Ri
cÖwZ
`vwq
Z¡‡e
va G
es
cwi‡
e‡ki
wewf
bœ Dc
v`vb
msi
¶Y
Ki‡
Z c
v‡i
�
†h m
Kj
wk¶
v_©x ï
aygvÎ
ch©‡
e¶Y
I †k
ÖwYK
iY K
i‡Z
cv‡i
Zv‡`
i G
KwU
`‡j
†i‡
L ¯Íi
wfwË
K c
vV w`
‡Z n
‡e|
�
†h m
Kj
wk¶
v_©xi
ïayg
vÎ c
h©‡e¶
Y, †
kÖwYK
iY I
mn‡
hvwM
Zvg
~jK g
‡bvf
ve A
v‡Q Z
v‡`i
GK
wU `
‡j †
i‡L
¯Íiwf
wËK
cvV
w`‡Z
n‡e
|
�
†h m
Kj
wk¶
v_©xi
ch©‡
e¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
I m
n‡hv
wMZ
vg~jK
g‡b
vfve
Ges
cwi
evi
I mg
v‡Ri
cÖwZ
`vwq
Z¡‡e
va A
v‡Q Z
v‡`i
GK
wU `
‡j †
i‡L
¯Íiwf
wËK
cvV
w`‡Z
n‡e
|
�
GQv
ovI
wk¶
K wk
¶v_
©x‡`i
wewf
bœ ¯Íi
Abyh
vqx `
‡ji
bvgK
iY K
‡i wb
‡Z c
vi‡e
b|
7
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
I
mn‡h
vwMZ
vg~jK
g‡b
vfve
G
es c
wiev
i I
mgv‡R
i cÖw
Z
`vwq
Z¡‡e
va A
v‡Q
√
6
ch©‡e
¶Y,
†kÖw
YKiY
I
mn‡h
vwMZ
vg~jK
g‡
bvfv
e Av
‡Q
√ √
5
ch©‡e
¶Y
I †k
ÖwYK
iY K
i‡Z
cv‡i √ √ √
4
ch©‡e
¶Y
Ki‡
Z c
v‡i
√ √ √
3
wk¶
v_©xi
bvg
I †
ivj
bs
7,
10,
11,
13,1
6,18
, 20
, 21
, 23
, 26
, 27
, 30
, 33
, 35
, 37
, 39
, 40
, 41
, 43
, 44
2,
5,
9,
12,
15,
17,
19,
22,
25,
28,
29,
32,
36,
42,
45,
1,
3,
4,
6,
8,14
,24,
31
, 34
, 38
,
2
g~j¨vq
bK…Z
wk
¶v_
©xi
msL¨
v
20 15 10
1 †kÖwY 3q †kÖwY
K-
kvLv
†gvU
wk
¶v_
©x45
Rb
Awa‡ekb 4
324
Awa‡ekb 1 w`b
26
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welq wkL‡bi we‡kl w`Kevsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wkÿv ͇ii evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welqwU c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki (†hgbÑ gvwK©b hy³ivóª, Bsj¨vÛ, KvbvWv, A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÊ, fviZ BZ¨vw`) cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡i cÖPwjZ †mvm¨vj ÷vwWR Ges evsjv‡`‡k gva¨wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡i cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Abyiƒc| †mvm¨vj ÷vwWR ev mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi gZ GwU wewfbœ mvgvwRK I gvbweK welqvewji mgwš^Z GKwU welq| Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ-Gi aviYv wZbwU cÖavb w`‡Ki Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i| h_v-
1. Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ GKwU mgwš^Z welq wn‡m‡e wewfbœ welq †_‡K welqe¯‘ aviY K‡i| d‡j Gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x mgvR Z_v we‡k¦i wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv mÂvi K‡i|
2. wewfbœ mvgvwRK I gvbweK welqvewji c×wZMZ I my-mgwš^Z Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPqÕ Gi Áv‡bi Dbœqb nq| G‡Z wkky‡`i h_vh_ eyw×e„wËK weKv‡ki mvg‡_©¨i Ici ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq| d‡j wkï avivevwnK cÖwµqvq Ávb AbymÜvb, msMVb I aviYv msnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi GKwU my¯úó I cÖvmw½K mvgvwRK jÿ¨ i‡q‡Q| Zv n‡jv wkï‡`i GKwU mvgvwRK `‡j emev‡mi mvg_©¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv| G jÿ¨ AR©‡b evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgvwRK bvbv wel‡qi AwfÁZv cÖ`vb K‡i| Avi GmKj wel‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ Ávb mÂvi‡Y evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq †kÖwYKÿ M‡elYvMvi wn‡m‡e e¨en«Z nq|
mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq, wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgvwRK `ÿZvi Dbœqb I weKv‡ki j‡ÿ¨ GwU cvV Kiv nq| GKwU mvgvwRK `‡ji m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i wbR wbR cwi‡ek, mgvR I iv‡óª emev‡mi I wg_w¯Œqvi `ÿZv AR©b Kiv‡bv Ges Rxebfi `vwqZ¡kxj bvMwi‡Ki f‚wgKv cvj‡b mg_© K‡i †Zvjvi cÖv_wgK m~Pbv nq evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g| AvR‡Ki cwieZ©bkxj I AvšÍtwbf©ikxj we‡k¦i mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡`i Lvc LvIqv‡bv Ges wek¦ cwim‡i Zv‡`i Kvh©Kifv‡e AskMÖnYg~jK Ávb, `ÿZv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai D‡b¥l I weKvk mvab KivI evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cVb-cvV‡bi jÿ¨|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi welqe¯‘ wewfbœ mvgvwRK I gvbexq welqvewj †_‡K MÖnY Kiv nq| GwU wewfbœ welq‡K wew”Qbœfv‡e bv c‡o eis AvšÍtm¤úwK©Z welqmg~n mgwš^Z K‡i cVb-cvV‡bi bxwZ †g‡b P‡j| Gfv‡e cVb-cvV‡bi Zvrch© n‡jv, wkÿv_©xiv †mUv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges GKwUi mv‡_ AciwUi AvšÍtm¤úK© Dcjwä Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPqÕ Gfv‡e GKwU welq m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡`i mvgwMÖK I mg„× aviYv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †hgb- Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPqÕ-Gi AšÍf©y³ BwZnvm I f~‡Mv‡ji welqe¯‘ Aa¨qb K‡i Zviv wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi Ae¯’vb I HwZnvwmK NUbvewj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| Zviv Av‡iv Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb †h, Kxfv‡e GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi †fŠ‡MvwjK cÖfve gvbe Kg©Kv‡Êi mnvqK ev cÖwZK~j n‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e, A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©x‡`i H ’v‡bi gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi aviYv cÖ`v‡b mnvqK n‡q _v‡K|
wkïi wb‡Ri RMr I Zvi wb‡Ri cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ˆewk¦K †cÖÿvcU ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi cwimi| gvbyl, gvby‡li cwi‡ek, mgvR Ges mgv‡R we`¨gvb bvbv iKg cÖwZôvb I msMVb, wbqg-bxwZ BZ¨vw`i eûgvwÎK AvšÍtm¤ú‡K©i cVb-cvV‡bi welqe¯‘| Z‡e †h‡nZz cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i †QvU
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welq wkL‡bi we‡kl w`K
325
†QvU wkkyiv cov‡jLv K‡i, Kv‡RB Gi welqe¯‘i cwimi mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi †P‡q Zzjbvg~jK mxwgZ, mswÿß I mnR-mij nq| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkkyi wbR¯^ MwÊ Gi welqe¯‘MZ cwimi wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡ cvq| Avi cÖv_wgK wkÿv ¯Í‡i mvaviYZ mgvRweÁvb, BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj, †cŠibxwZ I RbmsL¨v wkÿv BZ¨vw` welq †_‡K Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ-Gi welqe¯‘ Pqb Kiv nq| †gvU K_v, wkky‡`i‡K cwievi, mgvR, ivóª I wek¦ †cÖÿvc‡U `vwqZ¡kxj `ÿ bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Dc‡hvMx welqe¯‘B evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-G ¯’vb cvq|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cv‡Vi Ab¨Zg Zvrch© n‡jv GwU wkky‡`i cwi‡ek I mvgvwRK wel‡q Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i, hv cwi‡ek I mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡b ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi mgv‡R Avgv‡`i †Kgb AvPiY Kiv DwPZ| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ cÖwZôvb, `j, e¨w³ Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i, Kxfv‡e Zviv wU‡K Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i AZxZ Kg©aviv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i fwel¨r Kg©avivi w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`q| cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ mgv‡Ri Aa¨qb gvbyl Kxfv‡e mgvR MVb K‡i‡Q; mgvR Kxfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DËi cÖ`vb K‡i| Gfv‡e welqwU Avgv‡`i Rxeb Dbœq‡bi Dcjwä cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Avgv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqvi I m¤úK© Dbœq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq mšÍvb-mšÍwZi jvjb-cvjb I weKvk, m¤úK©, cvwievwiK m¤úK©, eÜyZ¡, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î m¤úK©, mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡`i wg_w¯Œqv, mvs¯‹…wZK cv_©K¨ BZ¨vw` e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AšÍ`©„wói weKvk NUvq| wkï‡`i RxebhvÎv evQvB‡qi †ÿ‡Î, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av`k© AvZ¥¯’Ki‡Y Ges gvbyl wnmv‡e Zviv Kviv Ges Zv‡`i f~wgKv wba©vi‡Y Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ-Gi Ávb mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i †MŠi‡ev¾¡j AZxZ I eZ©gvb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvwi Ges fwel¨‡Zi KiYxq Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvwi| AZx‡Zi †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZi mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv Dcjwä K‡i Zv fwel¨r‡K fv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi|
wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvMÖZKiY, Av`k© I g~j¨‡eva m„wó Ges kvwšÍc~Y© mgvR cÖwZôvi g‡bvfve m„wó K‡i| bvMwi‡Ki cÖvZ¨wnK I ivóªxq Rxeb‡K †evSvi Rb¨; iv‡óªi BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I K…wó‡K fv‡jv K‡i Rvbvi Rb¨, Kxfv‡e GB †`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avgiv AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQ, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…Z cwiPq Kx, bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i Kx AwaKvi Ges `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cvwi|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Avgv‡`i BwZnvm I HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Avgv‡`i c~e©cyiæ‡liv Zv‡`i RxweZve¯’vq †h Av`k© I wPšÍv Zviv †i‡L †M‡Qb Zv Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä Kivi gva¨‡g I Zv‡`i Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ n‡q wkïi Rxeb‡K mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡i|
Avgv‡`i †QvÆ †`‡k wecyj RbmsL¨v cwi‡ek, Lv`¨, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv, wkÿv, Kg©ms¯’vb, we‡bv`b cÖf„wZ mKj †ÿ‡Î gvivZ¥K mgm¨v m„wó K‡i‡Q| ZviciI †`‡k †jvKmsL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| RbmsL¨vi GB e„w× h_vh_fv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv bv †M‡j AvMvgx‡Z mvwe©K †ÿ‡Î Gi cÖfve Av‡iv †bwZevPK n‡e| wkï‡`i G m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ki‡Z Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ cVb-cvV‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zvrch© i‡q‡Q|
AvR‡Ki cwiewZ©Z I AvšÍtwbf©ikxj we‡k¦ GKRb bvMwi‡Ki vwqZ¡ wek¦ cwim‡i we¯Í…Z| we‡k¦i bvMwiK wnmv‡e gvbyl‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †mev `vb Kiv Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡| Ôevsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wkÿv_©x‡`i Gme `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_ mycwiwPZ K‡i †Zv‡j| GQvov Zv‡`i‡K we‡k¦i P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi e„nËi `„wófw½ MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i| A_©vr, ˆewk¦K †cÖÿvc‡U wkÿv_©x‡`i g~j¨‡eva RvMÖZ Ki‡Z Ges f~wgKv cvj‡bi g‡bvfve ˆZwi‡ZI Ôevsjv‡`k
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
326
I wek¦cwiPqÕ MyiæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i, hv GKwU wek¦ mgvR MV‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
m‡e©vcwi wkï‡`i fwel¨r mvgvwRK, ivóxq, AvšÍR©vwZK I †ckvMZ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `„wófw½ I `ÿZv m„wó‡Z evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Abe`¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
wkÿK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb-
− c~e© AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g
− wkÿv_©x‡`i gZvgZ cÖ`v‡b Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i
− †kÖwYK‡ÿi Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖn‡Y Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i
− wkÿv_©x‡`i‡K wPšÍvg~jK cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i
− †Kv‡bv wel‡qi cÖv_wgK aviYv cÖ`vb K‡i
− AwfÁZv †kqvi K‡i
− wkïi Ávb weKv‡ki ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿvg~jK mgm¨v cÖ`vb K‡i
− mswÿß wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i
− `xN© †jKPvi cwinvi K‡i
− †kÖwYK‡ÿi †h‡Kvb RwUj aviYv e¨vL¨v †`qvi †ÿ‡Î cwiwPZ D`vni‡Yi cÖ‡qvM K‡i
− ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î mgm¨vi wgj K‡i
− wkÿK ag©, eY©, †kÖwY, wj½ Ges fvlvq mgZv weavb K‡i
− we`¨vjq I evwoi g‡a¨ †mZz eÜb K‡i
− we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ek wkïi Dc‡hvMx K‡i
− wkÿv_©xi gZvg‡Zi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q
− ch©‡eÿ‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i
− g‡Wj cÖ`k©b K‡i
− mgv‡Ri ¸Yx e¨w³‡`i g‡Wj wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i
− D`vniY ev¯ÍewfwËK w`‡q
− †Kv‡bv welq ej‡Z w`‡q
− Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb K‡i
− wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b ågY K‡i
− gvbwP‡Î wewfbœ welq †`L‡Z/†`Lv‡Z w`‡q
− †Kv‡bv welq bvP, Mvb, Qov, bvUK, Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i
evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq welq wkL‡bi we‡kl w`K
327
− GKvKx wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM w`‡q
− `‡j KvR Kivi my‡hvM w`‡q
− MvQcvjv m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wói Kivi gva¨‡g
− m„Rbkxj †Ljv, mwµq †Ljvi gva¨‡g
− mvgvwRK Mí e‡j
− cwiev‡ii mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i
− wkL‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv we‡ePbv K‡i wkLbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i
− A¯^vfvweK wkïi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi w`‡q
− e¨w³MZ wkL‡b Drmvn w`‡q
328
Awa‡ekb 2 w`b
26
cvwÿK cwiKíbv (bgybv)evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq
Z…Zxq †kÖwY
wkÿv_©xibvg I †ivj
wkÿv_©xicvVMZ Ae¯’vb
Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e †kLv‡ev g~j¨vqb
†mv‡nj (1)bvwej (3)Ry‡qj (7)Zvmwdqv (10)wgZv (15)wgbv (16)
1. welqe¯‘ ï‡b I c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv †gŠwLKfv‡e I wjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|2.mgvR I cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i bvg ej‡Z cv‡i Ges †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i
ÔAvgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ekÕ Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv wkL‡e|
1. ÔAvgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ekÕ Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv †QvU `‡j G‡b nv‡Z-Kj‡g †kLve,
2. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbx I Abykxjbxi evB‡i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †kLve|
3. eÜy`‡j /wgkª`‡j c~e©eZ©x w`‡bi †QvU `‡j †kLv KvR Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`e|
4. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †`e|
5. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AuvK‡e Ges Zvi Dci wjL‡Z I eB ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`e|
eÜy `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i Abykxjbg~jK Kv‡R e¨¯Í †i‡L †QvU `‡j (cÖwZw`b 2 wU `j) G‡b cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wjL‡Z w`‡q cÖ‡kœvËi Gi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kie|
Zvbnxg (6)bw›`bx (15)gvneyev (23)kIKZ (30)†mvwbqv (33)nvmvb (35)
1. welqe¯‘ ï‡b I c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv †gŠwLKfv‡e I wjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ÔAvgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ekÕ Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g eyS‡e Ges eB †`‡L co‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kie Ges evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡q G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cÖ‡R‡±i KvR †`e
eo `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i Abykxjbg~jK Kv‡R e¨¯Í †i‡L wkÿK †QvU `‡j wkÿK †QvU `‡j (cÖwZw`b 2/3 wU `j) G‡b cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wjL‡Z w`‡q cÖ‡kœvËi Gi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Ki‡ev|
cvwÿK cwiKíbv (bgybv)
329
2.mgvR I cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i bvg ej‡Z cv‡i Ges †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i
Lvwj` (5) nvwdR (9)mwbqv (12)AvwZKzj(17)Avíbv (31)
1. welqe¯‘ ï‡b I c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv †gŠwLKfv‡e I wjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. mgvR I cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡eÿY K‡i bvg ej‡Z cv‡i Ges †kÖwYKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i
ÔAvgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ekÕ Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g eyS‡e Ges eB †`‡L co‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
1. ÔAvgv‡`i mgvR I cwi‡ekÕ Aa¨vq †_‡K cv‡Vi Ask¸‡jv †QvU `‡j G‡b wewfbœ DcKiY e¨enviK‡i Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkLve|
eo `‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i Abykxjbg~jK Kv‡R e¨¯Í †i‡L wkÿK †QvU `‡j wkÿK †QvU `‡j (cÖwZw`b 2/3 wU `j) G‡b cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wjL‡Z w`‡q cÖ‡kœvËi Gi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kie|
2. cvV¨eB‡qi Abykxjbx †_‡K wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, mwVK DËi evQvB Ki‡Z †kLve|
3. eo`‡j c~e©eZ©x w`‡bi †QvU `‡j †kLv KvR Abykxjb Ki‡Z †`e|
4. cvV¨eB co‡e Ges eB‡qi Qwe wb‡q eÜy `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †`e|
cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj | Z_¨cy¯ÍK
330
5. cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘wfwËK Qwe AuvK‡e Ges Zvi Dci wjL‡Z †`e (cÖ‡qvR‡b eB Gi mvnv‡h¨ wjL‡e)|
6. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb msiÿY Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kie Ges evwo‡Z I we`¨vj‡q G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cÖ‡R‡±i KvR †`e|
331331
mgq e¨e¯’vcbv (evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq)3q, 4_© I 5g †kÖwY †gvU mgq : 30 wgwbU
KvR wkÿ‡Ki mgq wkÿv_©xi mgq
1. mg‡eZ KvR (10 wgwbU)
1.1 ï‡f”Qv wewbgq/Kzkj
wewbgq
1.2. wm‡jevm Abyhvqx welqe¯‘
Av‡jvPbv (†QvU †QvU cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g)
1.3. ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkÿv_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv
†ev‡W© wj‡L †`qv Ges A¨vw±wfwU eywS‡q †`Iqv|
1.0 10 wgwbU
1.3 1 wgwbU
1.4 6 wgwbU
1.3 3 wgwbU
1.0 --
2.1 1 wgwbU
2.2 6 wgwbU
2.3 3 wgwbU
2. wgkª `‡j/eÜy `‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq/wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR (15 wgwbU)
2.1 ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©xi KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov)
2.2 †QvU `‡j KvR g~j¨vqb (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq)
2. --
2.1 -- 0 wgwbU
2.2. 15 wgwbU (2wU `j) wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR Ki‡e| cÖwZ j mgq cv‡e 7.5 wgwbU)
2. 15 wgwbU
2.3 17.5 wgwbU (wgkª `‡j e‡m GKvKx/`jMZfv‡e wb‡`©kbv I ¯Íi Abyhvqx A¨vw±wfwUi KvR Ki‡e| †h mKj wkÿv_©x
†QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e Zviv 7.5
wgwbU mgq cv‡e hviv KvR Ki‡e bv Zviv 7.5 wgwbU wb‡Riv KvR Ki‡e|
w`b
26Awa‡ekb 3