naps 2016 lilia mouma - my big fat greek talk
TRANSCRIPT
My Big Fat Greek Talk
By Lilia Mouma
What we will talk about:
--Brief look at the history of the Greek language
--Is Greek difficult to learn?
● Greek words in English
● What you already know
● Foreign words in Greek
--Untranslatable words and Useful words and expressions
--What to read / watch
--Questions
MAP OF GREECE.
PERIODS in broad lines.
Proto-Greek: 3000 / 2000BC
Ancient: First written evidence: 1450/1400BC (this is later than 2000!) – 300BC
(Homer (around 800BC))
Koine (300BC - 6th c AD) (The New Testament)
Medieval (6th c - 18th c)
Modern period (19th c -)
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE MAP
HISTORYProto Indo-European: 3000BC
Proto-Greek: 2000BC - Evidence of Greek in middle of Europe
Pro-Greek:
Pro-greek: (θάλασσα (sea), ελιά (olive tree), νησί (island), χρυσάφι (gold))
hieroglyphics and Linear A – undeciphered
Ancient Greek:
Linear B (syllabograms)
Alphabet - 3 (or more) dialects: Ionic (Attic), Doric, Aeolic
Homer, great philosophical works, plays etc.
Koine Greek (= common):
One language - based on the dialect of Athens (Attic)
New religion
The language of New Testament that is heard in Greek Orthodox churches today.
HISTORY (continued)
Medieval Greek:
Byzantine: beginnings of diglossia, use of spoken language in literature
Occupation: no formal, organized education
Modern era: (1821) which is the language of the new state?
go back to the roots
spoken language
compromise between the vernacular and the archaic form -> katharevousa (1911)
the language we learn and speak today (1976)
GREEK THROUGH THE CENTURIES
ANCIENT vs MODERN GREEK
WASὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε κείμεθα τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.
O xein', angellein Lakedaimoniois hoti teide keimetha tois keinon rhemasi peithomenoi.
Oh foreigner, tell the Lacedaemonians that here we lie, obeying their words.
IS
Ω ξένε, να αναγγέλλεις στους Λακεδαιμόνιους ότι εδώ είμαστε (πεσμένοι), υπακούοντας στα λόγια
τους.
O xene, na anagelleis stous Lakedaimonious oti edo eimaste (pesmenoi), ipakouontas sta logia tous.
αναγγέλλεις - κείμενο/κώμα - ρήμα (verbiage)
Ancient Greek: no diacritics, all capital letters
KATHAREVOUSA(Alexandros Papadiamandis (1851-1911) Αλέξανδρος Παπαδιαμάντης – «Λαμπριάτικος ψάλτης»)
WAS
Ὁ ναΐσκος εὐρίσκετο τρεῖς ὥρας μακρὰν τῆς πόλεως
(oh naEEskohs evreeskehtoh trees HOHrahs mahKRAHN tees POHlehohs)
The little church was three hours away from the town.
IS
Ο μικρός ναός βρισκόταν τρεις ώρες μακριά από την πόλη
(oh meeKROHS nahOHS breeSKOHtahn trees HOHrehs mahkreeAH ahPOH teen POHlee)
ἡ πόλ-ις -> η πόλ-η / οι πόλεις – participial constructions/complex sentences, Ancient Greek words
GREEK TODAY
Spoken by: 13 million
DIALECTS
Cypriot (τώρα που επία στην Τζύπρον) – Pontic etc.
Cretan (χορεύγω – κοπέλι) –Ionian (intonation - fanestra)
Macedonian – Central Greece
Tsakonian (direct link to Doric dialect/οι σατέρε νάμου)
Grico (Italy – pensao/steo grafonta / Ancient Greek words)
IS GREEK A DIFFICULT LANGUAGE?
The front cover of You speak Greek, You just don’t know it, by Annie Stefanides.
GREEK WORDS IN ENGLISH
• 12% of English is Greek. Science, medicine, and technology mainly.
• In a dictionary of 80.000 words, 5% is Greek.
• How Greek words came to English:• Through Latin
• Through Ancient Greek
• Through Arabic scientific and philosophical writings
• New words were coined from Greek roots
• New words were coined from Greek and other roots
• Words were borrowed directly from Greek
WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW
DECLENSIONS
phenomenon – phenomena (βιβλίο – βιβλία)
crisis – crises / hypothesis – hypotheses (πόλη – πόλεις)
stigma – stigmata (πράγμα – πράγματα)
WHOLE WORDS
• strategy, acoustics, theory, poem, sarcasm, utopia etc., etc.
PREFIXESAll ph- and ps-words: philosophy (φιλοσοφία), psyche (ψυχή) / psychology (ψυχολογία)
dys- dysmorphia (δυσμορφία), dyslexia (δυσλεξία)
eu- eulogy, euphony (ευφωνία)
mega-, macro-, kilo- (kilometre - χιλιόμετρο)
phil- philanthropy – φιλ-ανθρωπία
gyn- gynaecology - γυναικολογία
gon- polygon – πολύγωνο: πολύς + γωνία
SUFFIXES
-gram (something written): telegram (τηλεγράφημα)
-graph (instrument): phonograph (φωνογράφος)
-logue: monologue, dialogue (μονόλογος, διάλογος)
-logy (science, theory, study): anthropology (ανθρωπολογία)
-phone: telephone (τηλέφωνο), Francophone (γαλλόφωνος)
FOREIGN WORDS IN GREEK
FOREIGN INFLUENCE
French: fashion, cooking, arts, etc.: παλτό (coat), μαγιό (bathing suit), σαμπουάν(shampoo), μπεσαμέλ (bechamel), ογκρατέν (au gratin), μπεζ (beize), ρεσιτάλ(recital)
English: technology etc.
Words that went and came back: valaneion - bagno
Ίντερετ – γκουγκλάρω (Internet - googl-aro)
.
UNTRANSLATABLE WORDS
καφενείο (kafeneeo) - a cafe where usually older people go to drink coffee, play cards and
have a chin wag
φιλότιμο (filotimo) - when you put the other person - may be a person not known to you -
above you and help them although it may be detrimental to you, and without expecting any
reward
κλαυσίγελος (kalfsigelos) - when you laugh so much that you cry
κελεπούρι - (kelepooree) - something that is a very good offer BUT also a young man who
is very good prospective husband.
UNTRANSLATABLE WORDS - Continued
καημός (kaimos)- when you have a very deep
sorrow or long-felt desire that has not been
fulfilled
νόστος (nostos)- the desire to go back home
αρχοντιά (arhondia)- perfect moral behaviour
combined with imposing appearance
κέφι (kefi) - extremely happy feelingPhoto: Edward Dalmulder; Santorini, Greece.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
την έκανα ταράτσα - (I made it a terrace) - I am full
τα έκανα θάλασσα - (I made a sea of them) - I made a mess of it/I destroyed it
χορεύω στο ταψί - (I dance someone on the baking tray) - I make someone do whatever I want
τη βρίσκω - (I find it) - I enjoy ...
έχω μεσάνυχτα - (I have midnight) - I have no idea
κόφ’ το - (cut it) - stop, shut up
θα φας ξύλο - (you will eat wood) – you will get a smacking
κάτσε στ’ αυγά σου - (sit on your eggs) – mind your business, don’t interfere, chill out
WHAT TO READ
ARKAS:
FB page
ARKAS:
Χαιρέτα μας τον πλάτανο!
(hereta mas ton platano)
(say hello to the plane tree)
This will never happen.
WHAT TO WATCH
Movies of the 60’s
QUESTIONS?
Photo: Nikos Koutoulas, Greece.
ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΠΟΛΥ!!!