NASACollabora+onwithSpaceX’sRedDragonMission

FISOTeleconSeptember21,2016PhilMcAlister,NASAHeadquarters

Background•  December2014:NASA’sHEOMDcompeEEvelyawardedCollaboraEonsforCommercialSpaceCapabiliEes

(CCSC)SpaceActAgreementstofourfirms,agreeingtoprovidethemwithNASA’stechnicalinsightandassistanceonano-exchange-of-fundsbasis:–  SpaceX–developMarscargotransportaEonsystem–  ATKSpaceSystems-developspacelogisEcs,hostedpayloadandotherspacetransportaEon

capabiliEes–  FinalFronEerDesign-developintra-vehicularacEvityspacesuits–  UnitedLaunchAlliance-developnewlaunchvehiclecapabiliEestoreducecostandenhance

performance

•  Late2015:SpaceXrequestedanexpandedlevelofassistancefromNASAunderthisexisEngagreementtosupportaplanneduncrewedtechnologydemonstra+onmissiontoMarswithitsDragonspacecraV

•  October7,2015:NASAAgencyleadershipbriefedonthisconcept–  DirectedSTMDAssociateAdministratortoformasmallteam,ledbyseniorleadersthroughoutthe

Agency,toconductapreliminaryconceptfeasibilitystudy.–  Feasibilitystudyanalyzedthetechnicalareasofexpandedassistance,idenEfiedbenefitstoNASA,

anddevelopediniEalcostesEmatesforNASA’sexpandedlevelofassistance.

•  January26,2016:NASAAgencyleadershipapprovedaddiEonalareasofassistancetotheexisEngcollaboraEonanddirectedtheCCSCagreementbemodifiedtoaccommodate

•  April26,2016:NASAandSpaceXfinalizedmodificaEontotheCCSCagreement(SAA-QA-14-18883)

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AgreementandApproach•  SpaceXisresponsibleforandwillmaintaincontroloverRedDragondesign,hardware,andoperaEons.

NASAisonlyprovidingspecifictechnicalsupportinseveraltechnicalareas.

•  ThemodificaEontotheCCSCSAAwithSpaceXestablishesNASAsupportasdefinedinsixTechnicalExchangeDocuments(TEDs):

TED1.DeepspacecommunicaEons,datarelay,andtrackingTED2.DeepspacetrajectorydesignandnavigaEonsupportTED3.Entry,descent,andlanding(EDL)systemengineeringandanalysisTED4.AerosciencesacEviEesTED5.FlightsystemtechnicalreviewandadviceTED6.PlanetaryprotecEonconsultaEonandadvice

•  Inreturn,NASAobtainsEDLflightdataforacriEcaltechnologyintheMarsenvironment•  NASA’ssupportiscoordinatedacrossthreeMissionDirectorates:

–  HumanExplora+onandOpera+onsMissionDirectorate(HEOMD):(a)managetheoverallSpaceXCCSCagreement,and(b)providecommunicaEonsandtrackingsupporttothemission(TED1)

–  SpaceTechnologyMissionDirectorate(STMD):leadtheRedDragontechnologydemonstratormissiondesignandEDL(entry,descent,andlanding)support(TEDs2-5)

–  ScienceMissionDirectorate(SMD):provideplanetaryprotecEonsupport(TED6)–  AnExecuEveCommiceehasbeenestablishedtoensurecross-directoratecoordinaEon

•  ThiswillbeaSpaceX-fundedmission:–  NASA’ssupportisprimarilyfromexisEngCivilServiceandJPLworkforce,employedasneeded

dependingontherequestedsupport.–  Generallywillnotbefull-EmeacEviEes.

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RedDragonMissionArchitecture

©2016SpaceExploraEonTechnologiesCorp.Allrightsreserved.4

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44 minute max two-way communication delay2-week blackout every 26 months when Earth and Mars are on opposite sides of the sun

800-1100 days away from Earth in micro gravity and

high levels of radiation

130 tons Heavy-lift mass

means multiple launches per

mission

13.5 km/s Earthre-entry speed

Reliable in-space transportation:Total continuous transportation power

20 tons of oxygen needed for ascent to orbit: In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

20-30 tonsAbility to land large

payloads needed

Thin atmosphere and dusty conditions for surface operations.

HumanExplora+onofMarsisHard

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RedDragonPar+cipa+on-BenefitstoNASA

•  SupportsNASA’sauthoriza+ontohelpenablethecommercialspaceindustry

•  Offersflighttechnologydemonstra+onofcri+calEDLtechnologiesneededforhumanexplora+on(par+cularlysupersonicretro-propulsion)intheMarsatmosphereaboutadecadesoonerandatafrac+onofthecosttoNASAforafuturetechnologydemonstratormission–  AllcandidateEDLarchitecturesforMarshumanexploraEonrelyonsupersonicretro-

propulsion•  ProvidesEDLflightdataforsupersonicretro-propulsioninMarsatmosphereto

improvemodels

•  EnhancesNASA’sEDLcapabilitydevelopment/sustainment–preparingtheworkforceforchallengesoflandinggreatermassonMars–  Aero/aeroheaEng/trajectoryperformancedataonthelargestmassandlargestballisEc

coefficienteverflownatMars–  EntrysurfaceheaEngandpressures–  Entryguidanceperformance–  Supersonicretro-propulsionperformanceandguidanceduringpower-onflight–  GroundsurfaceinteracEoninsightforlargerocketplumes

•  IndustryisfocusingeffortthatwillaidthelongtermchallengeofheavymassMarslandings

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SummaryofNASATechnicalSupport•  TED1.Deep-SpaceCommunica+ons,DataRelayandTracking

•  SupporttheSpaceXmissionoperaEonsteamtodevelopandexecuteaconceptofoperaEonsfordeep-spacecommunicaEons,datarelayandtracking.Includesprovidingsupportandadviceondevelopingdeep-spacecommunicaEonsandtrackingapproach,frequencychannelassignmentandspectrumcoordinaEon,andprovisionofDeepSpaceNetworkuse.

•  ProvideproximitylinkMarsRelayNetworkservice,includingcriEcaleventtelecommunicaEonsandtrackingduringEDLandsubsequentforwardandreturnlinktelecommunicaEonspostlanding.

•  ProvidegroundsysteminterfacessupportincludingaccommodaEonofSpaceXgatewayequipment.

•  TED2.Deep-SpaceNaviga+onandTrajectory•  SupportmissiondesignandnavigaEonincludinglaunch/arrivalspaceanalysisandtrades,cruisetrajectory

assessments,missionstrategiesandnavigaEondesignassessments,navigaEontrainingandcerEficaEonforoperaEons,andparEcipaEoninoperaEonalreadinesstests.

•  Performin-flightnavigaEonsupportincludingoperaEonalsupportfordeterminingspacecraVstateandtrajectorycorrecEonmaneuvers,conceptofoperaEonsfordeepspacenavigaEonsandtrajectorycorrecEons,andmaneuverdesignassessmentsusingexisEngsoVwaretools.

•  TED3.Entry,Descent,andLandingSystemEngineeringandAnalysis•  ProvideMarsEDLlessonslearned,reviewandadvice.•  SupportsimulaEondevelopmentandmodelvalidaEon.•  ProvidelandingsiteselecEonadviceandengineeringsupport.•  Implementapost-flightreconstrucEonintegratedsimulaEoncapabilitytoenableNASAderivedvaluein

understandingflightperformanceduringthecompleteEDLsequence.

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SummaryofNASATechnicalSupport•  TED4.AerosciencesAc+vi+es

•  CoordinatewithSpaceXtodevelopanalysisplansfordevelopmentofengineeringsourcedata.•  CoordinatewithSpaceXonimplementaEonofanintegratedflightaerosciencesdatabaseincludingaerodynamicand

aerothermodynamicenvironment.•  Performnon-propulsiveaerodynamicanalysisduringEDLphasesandperformreviewandconsultaEonservicesfor

SpaceXindevelopmentoftheirownanalysis.•  PerformaerodynamicanalysisofthespacecraVduringpoweredengineEDLphases.•  Performpower-onwindtunneltesEngduringEDLphasestovalidateanalyEcalmodels.•  PerformEDLaerothermodynamicanalysisandprovideconsultaEonservicesforSpaceXanalyses.•  ProvideconsultaEonsupportforSpaceX’scharacterizaEonofgroundandplumeinteracEons.•  Supporteffortsthatwouldsignificantlyenhancethevalueofflightmeasurements.

•  TED5.FlightSystemTechnicalReviewandAdvice•  Reviewend-to-endflightsystem,esp.autonomy,faulttolerance,operability,andqualificaEonapproaches•  SupportdesignanddevelopmentofX-bandtransponderandUHFradio.•  Review,advise,andprovidetestsupporttoSpaceXDSNDirect-to-Earth(DTE)telecomsystemdevelopment•  PerformcommunicaEonslinkandnavigaEonperformanceanalysisforDSNDTElink.•  ConsultandprovideinterfacesupportforSpaceXdevelopingandprocuringUHFtransceiver.•  Adviseondevelopmentofradiointerferencetestsystems.•  Provideassessmentoftechnicalrisksassociatedwithoverallflightsystemdesign,development,andtesEng.

•  TED6.PlanetaryProtec+onConsulta+onandAdvice•  AdviseSpaceXinthedevelopmentoftheirPlanetaryProtecEonPlan(PPP).•  AssistSpaceXwiththeimplementaEonoftheirPPPincludingidenEfyingexisEngsoVware/tools.

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StatusandNextSteps

•  NASAconductedafairlyhigh-leveltechnicalfeasibilityassessmentanddeterminedthereisareasonablelikelihoodofmissionsuccessthatwouldbeenhancedwiththeaddi+onofNASA’stechnicalexper+se

•  AllTED’shavebeensuccessfullynego+atedandarebeingimplemented

•  TwoNASA/SpaceXquarterlyreviews(withtheexpandedlevelofassistance)havebeenheld(April2016andAugust2016)

•  CY2016:Focusonsystemdesign,basedheavilyonDragon2versionusedforISScrewandcargotransporta+on

•  FirstlaunchopportunityisMay2018forfavorableEarth/Marsalignment

•  Addi+onalopportuni+esevery26months

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