nasa report — subsidence in california's central valley

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  • 8/20/2019 NASA Report — Subsidence in California's Central Valley

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    8/)5$@2 $; %/(26)/%/0,C

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    D0/ 0/A =$0=/0,)(,/@ J$0/ (.$0> ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, 2,(0@2 $6, 50 '5>6)/ P* 9/,A//0

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    ,52"5>%1*# 7566%8 ,-.&/0%12%

    ?6925@/0=/ %(82 ;$) ,-/ 2$6,-/)0 8(), $; ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../: A/)/ (.2$ 8)$@6=/@ ;$),-52 )/8$),* =$E/)50> ,-/ 8/)5$@ T/=/%9/) KLLM ,$ O(: KL"L F7G4?GHa '5>C RI (0@ KL O(:

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    '5>6)/ RC #$,(. 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../: ;$) ,-/ 8/)5$@ T/=C KLLM N O(: KL"L (2%/(26)/@ 9: ,-/ 1(8(0/2/ 7G4?GH (0@ 8)$=/22/@ (, 174C D0/ 26925@/0=/ 9$A. 52 2-$A0 0$),- $;

    `$.$C

    #-/ H(@()2(,NK %(8 F'5>C MI 2-$A2 Z ()/(2 $; 25>05;5=(0, 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 KL O(: KL"P,$ Kf Y$E/%9/) KL"PW (0 /X,/0@/@ ()/( U $; `$.$ 50=.6@/2 2%(.. ()/(2 A5,- ( %(X5%6%

    26925@/0=/ $; (9$6, Z\a (0$,-/) @5;;62/ ()/( Y $; `$.$ -(@ ( %(X5%6% 26925@/0=/ $; (9$6,KCR\a (0@ (0 60626(..: 2%(.. -/(E5.: 26925@50> ()/( ]62, U $; G)96=V./ 2-$A/@ ( %(X5%6%

    26925@/0=/ $; (9$6, R\C 

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      ""

    '5>6)/ MC #$,(. 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../: ;$) ,-/ 8/)5$@ KL O(: KL"P Q Kf Y$E/%9/)

    KL"P (2 %/(26)/@ 9: ,-/ +(0(@5(0 H(@()2(,NK (0@ 8)$=/22/@ (, 174C #A$ @5;;62/ 26925@/0=/ ()/(2

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    ?6925@/0=/ -52,$)5/2 $; ,A$ .$=(,5$02 50 ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../: ()/ 2-$A0 50 '5>6)/ ZC #-/

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    26925@/0=/ /E5@/0, 0/() G)96=V./ 50 KL"P F'5>C MI 2-$A2 (0 60/E/0 26925@/0=/ A5,- ,5%/

    50 '5>6)/ Z* ,$,(.50> (9$6, R\ ;$) ,-/ .(2, -(.; $; KL"P* 96, 0$ 26925@/0=/ 50 KLLM N KL"LC

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    '5>6)/ f 2-$A2 $0.: ,-/ 0$),-/)0 5%(>/@ 2A(,-C 5$0 $; 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ =/0,/)* (0 ()/( $; E/): -5>- 26925@/0=/ A5,- ( E/):A/..N@/;50/@ .$=62 ,$ ,-/ 2$6,-* (0@ 2/E/)(. $,-/) ()/(2 2-$A50> 26925@/0=/ $; Z\NR\C #-/2/

    ()/(2 ()/ 2-$A0 50 %$)/ @/,(5. 50 '5>6)/2 iN""* A-/)/ ,5%/ -52,$)5/2 $; 50@5E5@6(. 8$50,2%(@/ =./() ,-(, /E/0 ,-$6>- ,-/ 0$),-/)0 2A(,- F.50/ "PR""I A(2 5%(>/@ ;$) ( .$0>/)

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      "K

    8/)5$@ $; ,5%/ ,-(0 ,-/ 2$6,-/)0 2A(,- F.50/ "ZZLLI* ,-52 52 0$, ,-/ )/(2$0 A-: -5>-/)

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    5%(>/@ ,5%/ 8/)5$@ $==6) /0,5)/.: 50 ,-/ 0$),-/)0 2/=,5$0 C#-/2/ 2A(,-2 A/)/ 8.(00/@ ,$ A/..

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    2//0 50 ,-/ 2(,/..5,/ ?GH )/26.,2C #-/ 2A(,- ,$ ,-/ 0$),- 52 bGB?GH .50/ "PR"" (0@ 2-$A2

    =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 "i 16.: KL"Z (0@ "L O()=- KL"RC #-/ 2A(,- ,$ ,-/ 2$6,- 52

    bGB?GH .50/ "ZZLL (0@ 2-$A2 =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 K G8)5. KL"P (0@ [ 1(06(): KL"RC

    #-/ 2,()2 50@5=(,/ ,-/ )/;/)/0=/ 8$50,2 62/@ ;$) /(=- .50/* A-5=- ()/ ,-/ .$=(,5$02 50 /(=- 2A(,-

    ,(V/0 ,$ -(E/ /X8/)5/0=/@ 0$ 26925@/0=/ (0@ (>(502, A-5=- $,-/) .$=(,5$02 ()/ =$%8()/@C

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      "Z

    '5>6)/ fC +6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 16.: KL"Z (0@ O()=- KL"R %/(26)/@ A5,- bGB?GH 50 ,-/

    +/0,)(. B(../: 9/,A//0 ?(0 4652 H/2/)E$5) (0@ ]62, 2$6,- $; +-/=V K"C G 0/A .$=62 $; 26925@/0=/*

    A-5=- -(@ ,-/ .()>/2, (S6/@6=, 5%8(=,* $==6))/@ 0/() +-/=V KL F2// '5>C iIC ')$% 2$6,- $; +-/=V "R

    ,$ +-/=V "[ 52 (0 ()/( ,-(, -(2 -52,$)5=(..: 2-$A0 .()>/ 26925@/0=/ $; ,-/ (S6/@6=, F2// '5>C "LIC

    Y/() d6)$0 F+-/=V "iI 52 (0$,-/) ()/( $; 26925@/0=/* ,-52 $0/ ./22 /X,/025E/ 50 ./0>,- F2// '5>C ""IC

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      "P

    '5>6)/ iC FGI DE/)E5/A $; ,-/ =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ (=)$22 (0 /X,/0@/@ ()/( /(2, $;

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      "R

    #-/ >)/(,/2, 26925@/0=/ @5)/=,.: 5%8(=,50> ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, A(2 $92/)E/@5%%/@5(,/.: 0$),- $; ,-/ 50,/)2/=,5$0 $; ,-/ (S6/@6=, A5,- GE/0(. +6,$;; H@C* 9/,A//0

    d6)$0 (0@ c/,,./%(0 +5,:* ]62, 0$),- $; +-/=V KL FO7"MPCMiIC G, ,-52 .$=(,5$0* (26925@/0=/ 9$A. =/0,/)/@ ./22 ,-(0 -(.; ( %5./ ;)$% ,-/ (S6/@6=, ;$)%/@ @6)50> ,-/ 2,6@:

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    /X8/)5/0=/@ ef\ $; 26925@/0=/C #-/ %(50 26925@/0=/ 9$A. 5%8(=,/@ ,-/ (S6/@6=,

    25>05;5=(0,.:* /X,/0@50> ;)$% 5,2 =/0,/) 50 (0 (@](=/0, ;5/.@ ,$ A/2, $; ,-/ 2,)6=,6)/* (0@=(62/@ ef\ $; 26925@/0=/ (.$0> ( "CZ %5./ 2,)/,=- $; ,-/ (S6/@6=,C 6)/ iT 2-$A2 ,-/ ,/%8$)(. @/E/.$8%/0,$; ,-/ 26925@/0=/* 50@5=(,50> ,-(, -5>- 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-52 ()/( 2,(),/@ ()$60@ 160/ KL"RC

    #-/ /(2,/)0 /@>/ $; ,-/ (S6/@6=, =.$2/2, ,$ ,-/ =/0,/) $; ,-/ 9$A. /X8/)5/0=/@ 68 ,$ "KCR\

    $; 26925@/0=/C #-/ 96.V $; ,-/ 26925@/0=/ Ff\I $==6))/@ E/): )(85@.:* $E/) ,-/ 8/)5$@9/,A//0 160/ (0@ D=,$9/) KL"PC #-/)/ 52 (0 50@5=(,5$0 $; 50=)/(250> 26925@/0=/ 8)5$) ,$

    ,-(, ,5%/* ()$60@ '/9C KL"P* 96, (, ( %6=- .$A/) )(,/ ,-(0 /X8/)5/0=/@ .(,/) 50 ,-/ :/()C#-/ 26925@/0=/ )(,/ @/=)/(2/@ 9: Y$E/%9/) KL"PC O$)/ (=S6525,5$02 ()/ 0//@/@ ,$@/,/)%50/ A-/,-/) ,-/ )(,/ 52 50=)/(250> (>(50 50 O()=- KL"RC +$%8()52$0 A5,- )/26.,2

    ;)$% H(@()2(,NK F'5>C K* PI 2-$A ( .()>/) (%$60, $; 26925@/0=/ %/(26)/@ 9: bGB?GH* /E/0(==$60,50> ;$) ,-/ .$0>/) ,5%/ 50,/)E(. =$E/)/@ 9: ,-/ bGB?GH @(,(C #-52 52 .5V/.: =(62/@

    9: ,-/ .()>/) 85X/. 25J/ 62/@ 50 ,-/ 2(,/..5,/ 8)$=/2250> FZLLg E2C KRgI (0@ ( 2.5>-,.: .$0>/)

    ,/%8$)(. ;5.,/) FK %$C E2C " %$CIC

    '5>6)/ "L 2-$A2 ,-/ =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 +-/=V "M FO7"KKCL[I (0@ +-/=V "[FO7"ZKCiRI $; ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=,* 0/() +(0,6( +)//VC G.,-$6>- 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-52

    ()/( A(2 ./22 F$0.: 68 ,$ f\I* ( .$0>/) 2,)/,=- $; ,-/ (S6/@6=, A(2 (;;/=,/@C ?5%5.() ,$ ,-/

    GE/0(. 26925@/0=/ 9$A.* ,-/ 26925@/0=/ )(,/ (88/()2 ,$ -(E/ 50=)/(2/@ @)(%(,5=(..: 5028)50> KL"P* (0@ ,$ -(E/ ./22/0/@ 50 (6,6%0 KL"PC '5>6)/ "" 2-$A2 ,-/ ()/( 5%%/@5(,/.:

    /(2, $; d6)$0* 50 ,-/ E5=505,: $; +-/=V "i FO7"RRCMPIC b0.5V/ ,-/ $,-/) ,A$ ()/(2*

    26925@/0=/ -/)/ -(2 9//0 %$)/ =$0252,/0,* (.9/5, A5,- ( 0$,5=/(9./ 96, ./22 8)/=585,$6250=)/(2/ 50 )(,/ 50 28)50>j26%%/) KL"PC d/)/ ,-/ =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ A(2 (9$6, [\

    @6)50> ,-/ KL %$0,-2 ,-(, ,-/ ()/( A(2 %$05,$)/@C

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      "M

    '5>6)/ "LC FGI ?6925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ +(0,6( +)//V ()/(* 2-$A50> (0 /X,/0@/@ 2/=,5$0 $; ,-/ +(.5;$)05(

    GS6/@6=, /0=$%8(2250> +-/=V2 "M (0@ "[ ,-(, /X8/)5/0=/@ (2 %6=- (2 f\ $; 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0

    16.: KL"Z (0@ O()=- KL"RC #-/ ,5%/ 2/)5/2 2-$A2 ,-(, 50 ,-52 ()/( ,-/)/ 52 2/(2$0(.

    68.5;,j26925@/0=/ (0@ ,-(, ,-/ 26925@/0=/ (==/./)(,/@ 50 28)50> KL"P (0@ ,(8/)/@ $;; 50 ;(.. KL"PC 

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      "[

    '5>6)/ ""C 4$=(,5$0 5%%/@5(,/.: /(2, $; d6)$0 A-/)/ ( 2-$), 2,)/,=- $; ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, -(2

    /X8/)5/0=/@ 0/().: 2,/(@: 26925@/0=/ 250=/ 16.: KL"Z* (==6%6.(,50> (9$6, [\ $; E/),5=(.

    @528.(=/%/0, 9/,A//0 16.: KL"Z (0@ O()=- KL"RC #-/)/ 52 .()>/) 60=/),(50,: (, ,-/ .(2, ,A$ ,5%/

    2,/82* A-5=- =(0 9/ @/=)/(2/@ A5,- (@@5,5$0(. bGB?GH (=S6525,5$02C

    '5>6)/ "K 2-$A2 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ 2$6,-/)0 2A(,-* A-/)/ $0.: $0/ ()/( 50@5=(,/@

    8(),5=6.().: (0$%(.$62 26925@/0=/ @5)/=,.: (;;/=,50> ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=,C #-52 52 0/()A-/)/ D.@ H5E/) H@C =)$22/2 ,-/ (S6/@6=,* 9/,A//0 +-/=V ZZ FO7KM[CZMI (0@ +-/=V ZP

    FO7K["CK[I F'5>6)/ "ZIC '$) ,-52 .50/* A/ -(E/ 0$ @(,( 8)5$) ,$ G8)5. KL"P 2$ A/ =(00$, ,/..

    A-/,-/) ,-52 52 (0 ()/( 2-$A50> 8/)252,/0, $) )/=/0, 26925@/0=/C U/ @$ $92/)E/ 26925@/0=/

    50 ,-/ 2$6,-N=/0,)(. 8(), $; ,-/ 5%(>/@ 2A(,- F'5>C "ZGI* 96, 5, @5@ 0$, @5)/=,.: (;;/=, ,-/(S6/@6=, @6)50> G8)5. KL"P Q 1(0C KL"RC Y$ 2692,(0,5(. 26925@/0=/ 52 2//0 A/2, $;_6,,$0A5..$A* (.,-$6>- >)$60@ 26925@/0=/ (22$=5(,/@ A5,- $5. /X,)(=,5$0 52 (88()/0, F'5>C

    "Z+IC 

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      "f

    '5>6)/ "KC F#$8I +6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/ 9/,A//0 G8)5. KL"P (0@ 1(06(): KL"R %/(26)/@ A5,-bGB?GH 50 ,-/ +/0,)(. B(../: 9/,A//0 _6,,$0A5..$A (0@ ,-/ ^@%$02,$0 76%850> ?,(,5$0C #-/

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      "i

    '5>6)/ "ZC FGI #-/ =/0,)(. 2/=,5$0 $; bGB?GH .50/ "ZZLL F'5>C "KI 2-$A50> ,-/ >)/(,/2, 26925@/0=/C

    F_I #-/ $0/ ()/( ,-(, 2-$A/@ 25>05;5=(0, 26925@/0=/ F$6,.50/@ 50 GI* A5,- 68 ,$ R\ $0 ,-/ 25@/2 $;

    ,-/ (S6/@6=,C F+I Y$),- /0@ $; .50/ "ZZLL* 0/() _6,,$0A5..$AC #-/ $0.: -5>- 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-52

    ()/( $==6)2 0/() $5. ;5/.@2 F=5)=./@I (0@ @$/2 0$, 5%8(=, ,-/ (S6/@6=,C 

    4#126-&/#1& 510 H-*-"% !651&

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    26925@/0=/C O(82 (2 A/.. (2 85X/. -52,$)5/2 $; 26925@/0=/ (0@ ,)(02/=,2 2-$A50> ,/%8$)(.(0@ 28(,5(. @/,(5.2 $; 26925@/0=/ =(0 9/ 8)$@6=/@ ;)$% ,-/ / $; ?/0,50/.N"GC

    #-/ bGB?GH )/26.,2 2-$A ,-(, )(@() )/%$,/ 2/0250> 6250> -5>- )/2$.6,5$0* 4N9(0@ F"L\

    A(E/./0>,-I ?GH =(0 )(85@.: 5@/0,5;: ,-/ .$=(.5J/@ ()/(2 $; 26925@/0=/* 2$ ,-(, )/2$6)=/2=(0 9/ ,()>/,/@ /;;5=5/0,.: ,$ 8)$,/=, (0@ %(50,(50 =)5,5=(. 50;)(2,)6=,6)/C b250> bGB?GH*

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      KL

    A/ A/)/ (9./ ,$ .$=(,/ (0@ %$05,$) ( 8)/E5$62.: 60V0$A0 .$=62 $; 26925@/0=/ ,-(, =(62/@

    ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, ,$ 26925@/ 9: (2 %6=- (2 "Z\* 2$ ,-(, ;6),-/) A$)V =(0 9/ @$0/ ,$5@/0,5;: ,-/ =(62/ $; ,-/ 26925@/0=/ (0@ 8)/E/0, 5, ;)$% -(88/050> 50 ,-/ ;6,6)/C

    '6),-/)%$)/* A5,- ;)/S6/0, %$05,$)50> A/ A/)/ (9./ ,$ 52$.(,/ ,-/ ,5%/ 8/)5$@ @6)50>A-5=- )(85@ 26925@/0=/ $==6))/@C U5,-$6, ,-52 V50@ $; =$%8)/-/025E/* )(85@.: (=S65)/@

    %(8850> =(8(95.5,: 5, A$6.@ 0$, 9/ 8$2259./ ,$ 5@/0,5;: ,-)$6>- >)$60@ 26)E/:2 (.$0/ ,-52,:8/ $; 8)$9./% ,-(, )(85@.: @/E/.$8/@ @6)50> ,-/ $0>$50> @)$6>-,C bGB?GH (=S6525,5$02$; ,-/ ,A$ 2A(,-2 5%(>50> ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, ()/ 8.(00/@ ,$ =$0,506/ ;$) (0$,-/) MNi

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    T$00/..(0* GC* 1C 7()V/)* ?C d/02./:* OC 75/)=/* 1C U(0>* 1C H60@./* KL"P* bGB?GH$92/)E(,5$02 $; ,)5>>/)/@ 2.58 $0 ,-/ * (==/22/@ (,-,,8WjjAAAC:$.$A)(C$)>j8)$]/=,2j`?YKLLRmKL'50(.mKLH/8$),C8@;   

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    &/$.$>: 50 +(.5;$)05(* ?8/=5(. 769.5=(,5$0 KM* G22$=5(,5$0 $; ^0E5)$0%/0,(. (0@ ̂ 0>50//)50>

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      KP

    ?=-/50>)$22* 1C?C* _COC O50=-/A* _CdC O(=V/:* OC ?5%$02* OC7C 4(%9* ?C d/02./:* KL"Z* '(6.,N

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     C))%10/

  • 8/20/2019 NASA Report — Subsidence in California's Central Valley

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      KM

    !CJ,C( I5*5 J/&*/1$

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    29/;?@A=>== >?@A CD@ >== AECDE=> AFCA GHIAH?C JDDBIH?BC G?IG

    29/;?@A=>D= >?@A CD@ >D= AECDE=> AFCA GAID?@A JDDBIAHAB G?IG

    29/;?@A=>C= >?@A CD@ >C= AECDE=> AFCA GAIA?GD JDDBI>AH> G?IG

    29/;?@A=>G= >?@A CD@ >G= AECDE=> AFCA G>IDG>A JDDBI@>GC G?IG

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    29/;== @@C@ CD@ >== BECDE=> AFCA GHIAHA@ JDDBIH?@@ G?IG

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    29/;C= @@C@ CD@ >C= BECDE=> AFCA GAIA?CD JDDBI>ADB G?IG

    29/;G= @@C@ CD@ >G= BECDE=> AFCA G>IDGAG JDDBI@>=H G?IG

    29/; AFCH GHIDAD> JDDBI?GG> G?IG

    29/;== B?BB CD@ >== DDEAE=> AFCH GHIAHAA JDDBIHGBB G?IG

    29/;D= B?BB CD@ >D= DDEAE=> AFCH GAIDHDC JDDBIA?AC G?IG

    29/;C= B?BB CD@ >C= DDEAE=> AFCA GAIA?AD JDDBI>HCB G?IG

    29/;G= B?BB CD@ >G= DDEAE=> AFCA G>ID?=A JDDBI@ADB G?IG

    29/;==AB= D=D>= CD@ AB= DCECCE=> AFCH GHIDH@H JDDBI?GHA G?IG

    29/;==>== D=D>= CD@ >== DCECCE=> AFCH GHIAHGG JDDBIH?DH G?IG

    29/;==>D= D=D>= CD@ >D= DCECCE=> AFCH GAID?@D JDDBIA?>B G?IG

    29/;==>C= D=D>= CD@ >C= DCECCE=> AFCH GAIA?CB JDDBI>H?@ G?IG

    29/;==>G= D=D>= CD@ >G= DCECCE=> AFCH G>IDG>A JDDBI@ADB G?IG

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    29/;C= D=@?D CD@ >C= CEAE=@ AFCH GAIACBA JDDBI>?C? G?IG

    29/;G= D=@?D CD@ >G= CEAE=@ AFCH G>IDC? JDDBI@?BA G?IG

    29/; G?IG

    29/;== DDHDC CD@ >== GECGE=@ AFC? GHIAH>D JDDBIHGC? G?IG

    29/;D= DDHDC CD@ >D= GECGE=@ AFC? GAIDHDA JDDBIAG@? G?IG

    29/;C= DDHDC CD@ >C= GECGE=@ AFC? GAIA?AH JDDBI>?HD G?IG

    29/;G= DDHDC CD@ >G= GECGE=@ AFC? G>ID?=@ JDDBI@HCH G?IG

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    29/;== DC@H? CD@ >== AECGE=@ AFCC GHIA?=@ JDDBIH?@ G?IG

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      K[

    29/;D= DC@H? CD@ >D= AECGE=@ AFCG GAIDGHG JDDBIAHA G?IG

    29/;C= DC@H? CD@ >C= AECGE=@ AFCG GAIACBB JDDBI>AC@ G?IG

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    29/;C= D@CCC CD@ >C= AECAE=B AFC> GAIA?@D JDDBI>>HB G?IG

    29/;G= D@CCC CD@ >G= AECAE=B AFC> G>ID?CA JDDBI@@?C G?IG

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    29/;== DBHA? CD@ >== BECAE=B AFC@ GHIAHHD JDDBIHHAB G?IG

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    29/;?>=>C= B>?> CDB >C= DDECGE=> AFC@ GAIA?HA JDC=ICB=B G?IG

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    29/;D= DD=@B CDB >D= CECGE=@ AFCA GAIDHD JDC=ID>CD G?IG

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    29/;A==>D= DD>A= CDB >D= ?EBE=@ AFCA GAIDC@H JDC=IDACD G?IG

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    29/;D= DC?GD CDB >D= HECHE=@ AFCH GAID?@D JDC=IDAB? G?IG

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    29/;C= DB@DC CDB >C= D=EDGE=B AFG= GAIAGCH JDC=IG=CD G?IG

    29/;G= DB@DC CDB >G= D=EDGE=B AFG= G>IDCAA JDC=I?DC? G?IG

    29/;D= CDDH? CDB >D= DEDGED= AFG= GAID??@ JDC=IDB=@ G?IG

    29/;C= CDDH? CDB >C= DEDGED= AFG= GAIAGBA JDC=ICB>B G?IG

    29/;G= CDDH? CDB >G= DEDGED= AFG= G>IDGG@ JDC=I?=> G?IG

    29/;D= CC?BA CDB >D= ?EDHED= AFCB GAIDHG@ JDC=ID@HG G?IG

    29/;C= CC?BA CDB >C= ?EDHED= AFCB GAIA?@C JDC=ICBCC G?IG

    29/;G= CC?BA CDB >G= ?EDHED= AFG= G>ID?GD JDC=IGBB? G?IG

    29/;=>D= CGDA> CDB >D= HEGDED= AFCB GAID?GC JDC=ID@=> G?IG

    29/;=>C= CGDA> CDB >C= HEGDED= AFCB GAIAG@D JDC=IC@>? G?IG

    29/;=>G= CGDA> CDB >G= HEGDED= AFCB G>IDGCA JDC=IGB?? G?IG

    29/;D= CH@HD CDB >D= DCEDED= AFCA GAIDC>G JDC=IDAB G?IG

    29/;C= CH@HD CDB >C= DCEDED= AFC> GAIACCD JDC=IC>H? G?IG

    29/;G= CH@HD CDB >G= DCEDED= AFC> G>IDDAH JDC=IG@GA G?IG

    "&(13,5$ "#65#7,$1& *#++,-

    29/;H=>A= ?@>H CCD >A= DCEC?E=A AFGG G@IACGA JDCDI@GC> G?IG

    29/;H=>>= ?@>H CCD >>= DCEC?E=A AFGG GBIDD>A JDCDIB?C> G?IG

    29/;H=>@= ?@>H CCD >@= DCEC?E=A AFGG GBIADDA JDCCI=HG> G?IG

    29/;H=>B= ?@>H CCD >B= DCEC?E=A AFGG ?=ID=H> JDCCIDA?> G?IG

    29/;=>A= ACD> CCD >A= GECAE=> AFGG G@IACCA JDCDI@DCB G?IG

    29/;=>>= ACD> CCD >>= GECAE=> AFGG GBIDDA@ JDCDIBCG G?IG

    29/;=>@= ACD> CCD >@= GECAE=> AFGG GBIADDD JDCCI=GG> G?IG

    29/;=>B= ACD> CCD >B= GECAE=> AFG? ?=ID=HC JDCCID??> G?IG

    29/;A= @B=D CCD >A= BECAE=> AFGG G@IAC=A JDCDI@=>? G?IG

    29/;>= @B=D CCD >>= BECAE=> AFGG GBIDD?A JDCDIBD@> G?IG

    29/;@= @B=D CCD >@= BECAE=> AFGG GBIA=@H JDCCI=CBD G?IG

    29/;B= @B=D CCD >B= BECAE=> AFGG ?=ID=C> JDCCID?=C G?IG

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      Ki

    29/;A= D=C?G CCD >A= DCEC>E=> AFGC G@IACC@ JDCDI@=G G?IG

    29/;>= D=C?G CCD >>= DCEC>E=> AFGC GBIDD>D JDCDIBDC> G?IG

    29/;@= D=C?G CCD >@= DCEC>E=> AFGC GBIADDD JDCCI=CC> G?IG

    29/;B= D=C?G CCD >B= DCEC>E=> AFGG ?=ID=HD JDCCIDGGB G?IG

    29/;A= D=BD? CCD >A= CEDDE=@ AFGC G@IACDA JDCDI>@BC G?IG

    29/;A= DDH@H CCD >A= GEC@E=@ AFGD G@IACCB JDCDI>@>G G?IG

    29/;>= DDH@H CCD >>= GEC@E=@ AFGD GBIDD>D JDCDI@BA? G?IG

    29/;@= DDH@H CCD >@= GEC@E=@ AFGD GBIADDD JDCCI==A> G?IG

    29/;B= DDH@H CCD >B= GEC@E=@ AFGD ?=ID=HC JDCCIDD>C G?IG

    29/;A= DCCHA CCD >A= HEDGE=@ AFG= G@IGB?? JDCDI>?=C G?IG

    29/;>= DCCHA CCD >>= HEDGE=@ AFG= G@I@@B? JDCDI@?@> G?IG

    29/;@= DCCHA CCD >@= HEDGE=@ AFG= GBIG@HD JDCDIBH@@ G?IG

    29/;B= DCCHA CCD >B= HEDGE=@ AFGD GBI@@D? JDCCI=>C G?IG

    29/;A= D?B?= CCD >A= DDEDGE=@ AFGC G@IACCA JDCDI@GB> G?IG

    29/;>= D?B?= CCD >>= DDEDGE=@ AFGC GBIDDAH JDCDIBH=D G?IG

    29/;@= D?B?= CCD >@= DDEDGE=@ AFGC GBIAD=> JDCCI=ADH G?IG

    29/;B= D?B?= CCD >B= DDEDGE=@ AFGC ?=ID=?> JDCCID>GC G?IG

    29/;A= DHADD CCD >A= DCECBE=@ AFGG G@IACGG JDCDI@G@C G?IG

    29/;>= DHADD CCD >>= DCECBE=@ AFGG GBIDD>A JDCDIB?@> G?IG

    29/;@= DHADD CCD >@= DCECBE=@ AFGG GBIAD=A JDCCI=ACC G?IG

    29/;B= DHADD CCD >B= DCECBE=@ AFGG ?=ID=?A JDCCID>?? G?IG

    29/;A= DABHG CCD >A= GEGDE=B AFG? G@IA=BA JDCDI@C?> G?IG

    29/;A= D@CBH CCD >A= >EDE=B AFG? G@IADBH JDCDI@CHD G?IG

    29/;>= D@CBH CCD >>= >EDE=B AFGH GBIDDGA JDCDIBGHC G?IG

    29/;@= D@CBH CCD >@= >EDE=B AFGH GBIA=>A JDCCI=?HB G?IG

    29/;B= D@CBH CCD >B= >EDE=B AFGH ?=ID=D> JDCCIDH>> G?IG

    29/;=>A= DBAG> CCD >A= D=EDE=B AFGH G@IAC?A JDCDI@D>> G?IG

    29/;=>>= DBAG> CCD >>= D=EDE=B AFGH GBIDD@A JDCDIBC>B G?IG

    29/;=>@= DBAG> CCD >@= D=EDE=B AFGH GBIADCA JDCCI=G@> G?IG

    29/;=>B= DBAG> CCD >B= D=EDE=B AFGH ?=ID=A> JDCCID?B> G?IG

    29/;B=>A= C=B>B CCD >A= DEDED= AFGH G@IAC=A JDCDI@=BB G?IG

    29/;B=>>= C=B>B CCD >>= DEDED= AFGH GBIDD?@ JDCDIBC G?IG

    29/;B=>@= C=B>B CCD >@= DEDED= AFGH GBIA=BD JDCCI=G=> G?IG

    29/;B=>B= C=B>B CCD >B= DEDED= AFGH ?=ID=GC JDCCID?D> G?IG

    29/;A= CCBBC CCD >A= HEDBED= AFG? G@IA=A@ JDCDI>B?H G?IG

    29/;>= CCBBC CCD >>= HEDBED= AFG? GBID=DD JDCDIB=?C G?IG

    29/;@= CCBBC CCD >@= HEDBED= AFG? GBIHBHD JDCCI=DHB G?IG

    29/;B= CCBBC CCD >B= HEDBED= AFG? ?=I=@BC JDCCIDC@C G?IG

    29/;A= CGAAG CCD >A= >E?ED= AFGG G@IACD@ JDCDI>BA G?IG

    29/;>= CGAAG CCD >>= >E?ED= AFG? GBIDDAD JDCDIB=H? G?IG

    29/;@= CGAAG CCD >@= >E?ED= AFG? GBIAD=D JDCCI=DH> G?IG

    29/;B= CGAAG CCD >B= >E?ED= AFG? ?=ID=?C JDCCIDCA> G?IG

    29/;@= C?GG? CCD >@= @EDBED= AFGG GBIADCD JDCCI=D?> G?IG

    29/;B= C?GG? CCD >B= @EDBED= AFGG ?=ID=AD JDCCIDCHB G?IG

    29/;A=>A= CHA>A CCD >A= DDEDBED= AFGC G@IACCD JDCDI>BCC G?IG

    29/;A=>>= CHA>A CCD >>= DDEDBED= AFGC GBIDDA? JDCDIB=D@ G?IG

    29/;A=>@= CHA>A CCD >@= DDEDBED= AFGC GBIAD=B JDCCI=DCG G?IG

    29/;A=>B= CHA>A CCD >B= DDEDBED= AFGC ?=ID=?@ JDCCIDCG G?IG

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      ZL

    (505"&5*KL I5*5 J/&*/1$

    #-/ H(@()2(,NK 2(,/..5,/ F#(9./ "I 8)$E5@/@ ,-/ %$)/ )/=/0, 2(,/..5,/ @(,( 62/@ ;$) ,-52

    )/8$),C H(@()2(,NK 52 ,-/ 2/=$0@ )(@() 2(,/..5,/ .(60=-/@ 9: ,-/ +(0(@5(0 ?8(=/ G>/0=:C .$9/ /E/): KP @(:2 F5,2

    %505%6% )/8/(, 8/)5$@ ;$) 26925@/0=/ @/,/=,5$0IC ,- $; (9$6, K\* A-5=-%(V/2 5, %$)/ 2/025,5E/ ,-(0 .$0>/)NA(E/./0>,- )(@() 2:2,/%2 ,$ @52,6)9(0=/2 $; ,-/>)$60@ ,-(, =(0 28$5. ,-/ 8-(2/ 50;$)%(,5$0C ?8(,5(. )/2$.6,5$0 52 ,:85=(..: ()$60@ RLN"LL

    ;//,* 96, @6)50> * A/ 626(..: (E/)(>/ ,$ (9$6, ZLLg ,$ @/=)/(2/ 0$52/C

    '$) ,-52 2,6@:* A/ 86)=-(2/@ H(@()2(,NK @(,( ;$) K $)95,(. ,)(=V2* =$E/)50> %$2, $; ,-/ ?(0

    1$(S650 B(../: (0@ ,-/ 2$6,-/)0 8(), $; ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../: F'5>C G"IC #)(=V2 ()/ =6, 6850,$ ;)(%/2a K ;)(%/2 A/)/ (=S65)/@ ;$) ,-/ /(2,/)0 ,)(=V =$E/)50> ,-/ /(2,/)0 8(), $; ,-/

    ?(0 1$(S650 B(../: (0@ " ;)(%/ A(2 (=S65)/@ ;$) ,-/ A/2,/)0 ,)(=V =$E/)50> ,-/ A/2,/)0

    25@/ $; ,-/ ?(0 1$(S650 B(../:* A5,- (0 (@@5,5$0(. ;)(%/ $0 ,-/ 2(%/ ,)(=V =$E/)50> ,-/2$6,-/)0 8(), $; ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../:C T(,/2 (0@ ;)(%/ A5,- ,-/ +(0(@5(0 ?8(=/ G>/0=:* A/ (=S65)/@ M @(,/2 $; =$E/)(>/ ;$) ,-//(2,/)0 ,)(=V (0@ i @(,/2 ;$) ,-/ A/2,/)0 ,)(=V C '$) ,-/ /(2,/)0 ,)(=V* A/ $9,(50/@

    =$E/)(>/ $0 Z O(: KL"P* K[ O(: KL"P* "f D=,$9/) KL"P* "" Y$E/%9/) KL"P* R T/=/%9/)KL"P* (0@ KK 1(06(): KL"RC #-/ >(8 9/,A//0 O(: (0@ D=,$9/) A(2 =(62/@ 9: (

    %52=$%%605=(,5$0 2$ ,-(, 2(,/..5,/ (=S6525,5$0 A(2 2,$88/@ @6)50> ,-(, ,5%/C #-/ 2$6,-/)0

    9$60@(): $; ,-/ /(2,/)0 ,)(=V A(2 @/,/)%50/@ @6/ ,$ ,-/ =$%8/,50> @(,( (=S6525,5$02 50 (@5;;/)/0, @(,( %$@/ 9: $5. =$%8(05/2 %$05,$)50> 26925@/0=/ 50 ,-/ $5. ;5/.@2 A/2, $;

    _(V/)2;5/.@C '$) ,-/ A/2,/)0 ,)(=V* 50=.6@50> ,-/ A/2, 25@/ $; ,-/ ?(0 1$(S650 B(../: (0@ ,-/2$6,-/)0 8(), $; ,-/ ?(=)(%/0,$ B(../:* A/ $9,(50/@ ?GH =$E/)(>/ ;)$% KL O(: KL"P ,$ Kf

    Y$E/%9/) KL"PC

    G2 A/ 8)$=/22/@ ,-/ @(,( ;$) ,-/ /(2,/)0 ,)(=V* A/ )/(.5J/@ ,-(, ,-/ R T/=/%9/) KL"P

    (=S6525,5$0 -(@ 8)$9./%2 A5,- ,-/ @(,(C O52250> .50/2 A/)/ @/,/=,/@ (0@ ,-/

    50,/);/)$>)(%2 (22$=5(,/@ A5,- ,-(, @(,/ ()/ @52,50=,.: @5;;/)/0, ;)$% $,-/) 50,/);/)$%/,)5=8(5)2C '$) ,-52 )/(2$0* A/ /X=.6@/@ ,-(, @(,/ ;)$% $6) 8)$=/2250> (0@ 8)/2/0, )/26.,2 ;)$%

    ,-/ )/%(5050> R @(,/2 ;)$% ,-(, ,)(=VC #-/ 26925@/0=/ %(8 @/)5E/@ ;)$% ,-/ A/2,/)0 ,)(=V;$) ,-/ ?(0 1$(S650 B(../: 2-$A/@ ,-/ 2(%/ 26925@/0=/ ;/(,6)/2 (2 ,-/ /(2,/)0 ,)(=V* 2$ A/

    62/@ 5, (2 ( E(.5@(,5$0 ;$) ,-/ /(2,/)0 )/26.,* 96, @$0g, 2-$A ,-/ %(8 -/)/C

    G @/,(5./@ .52,50> $; (.. H(@()2(,NK @(,( 62/@ ;$) ,-52 )/8$), 52 >5E/0 50 #(9./ GK 9/.$AC

    D)95,2 ()/ (.. (2=/0@50> F?^ Q YUI* _/(% %$@/ 52 '50/ )/2$.6,5$0* U5@/N2A(,- %$@/C

    7$.()5J(,5$0 52 ddC T(,( A/)/ 86)=-(2/@ ;)$% OTG &/$28(,5(. ?/)E5=/2 -H/2$6)=/ ?,)(,/>5/2

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      Z"

    #(9./ GKC 452,50> $; (.. H(@()2(,NK @(,( 62/@ 50 ,-52 )/8$),C

    8#1, 9)7, :5;)1

    ,#7 ?&+= JH>2 GGHA?IDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHGN)EDCDMGDNK

    AEDGED? CF=CFD> B@JH>2 GGB=>IDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHGN)EDCDMGDNK

    >E>ED? CF=CFDA BBJH>2 G?CH=IDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHGN)EDCDMGDNK

    >EGDED? CF=CFDA D==JH>2 G?HBGIDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHGN)EDCDMGDNK

    @EC?ED? CF=CFD> D=DJH>2 G?BGAIDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHGN)EDCDMGDNK

    BED>ED? CF=CFD> D=CJH>2 GHC>BIDD 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHCN)EDCDMGDNK

    D=EDDED? CF=DFGB D=GJH>2 GHACCID 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHAN)EDCDMGCNK

    DDE?ED? CF=DFGB D=?JH>2 GHBAHID 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHAN)EDCDMGCNK

    DDEC@ED? CF=DFGB D=HJH>2 GAG=@ID 1=KC LL GDIC> G@MHAN)EDCDMGCNK

    "#$ %'()$ *#++,-C D,01

    HEC=ED? CF=DF?G B>JH>2 GGHA?IDD 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=CNK

    AEDGED? CF=DF?C B@JH>2 GGB=>IDD 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=CNK

    >E>ED? CF=DF?C BBJH>2 G?CH=ID 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=CNK

    >EGDED? CF=DF?C D==JH>2 G?HBGID 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=CNK

    @EC?ED? CF=DF?C D=DJH>2 G?BGAIDD 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=GNK

    BED>ED? CF=DF?C D=CJH>2 GHC>BIDD 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=GNK

    D=EDDED? CF=DF?D D=GJH>2 GHACCID 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=GNK

    DDE?ED? CF=DF?D D=?JH>2 GHBAHID 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=GNK

    DDEC@ED? CF=DFGB D=HJH>2 GAG=@ID 1=KC LL GDIC> GAMH=N)EDCDM=GNK

    GC7,C(

    #-/ ,A$ bGB?GH ;.5>-, .50/2 62/@ ;$) /E(.6(,50> 26925@/0=/ $; ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=,

    A/)/ .50/ -, @(,/2* bGB?GH ;.5>-, )(%2 ,$ 8)$E5@/ 26;;5=5/0,

    )/@60@(0=: ,$ /.5%50(,/ 2:2,/%(,5= /;;/=,2 ;)$% (,%$28-/)5= E()5(,5$0 (0@ (5)=)(;, %$,5$0(),5;(=,2C G=S6525,5$0 $; .50/ "PR"" 9/>(0 /().5/2,* 50 16.: KL"Z* (0@ /X,/0@/@ ,-)$6>-

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      ZK

    O()=- KL"RC U/ A/)/ (9./ ,$ 62/ "N:/() ,/%8$)(. 9(2/.50/* 2(%/N2/(2$0 50,/);/)$>)(%2

    A5,- ,-52 @(,( 2/,* 50=)/(250> ,-/ (==6)(=: $; 2%(..N2=(./ =6%6.(,5E/ 26925@/0=/%/(26)/%/0,2C G=S6525,5$0 $; .50/ "ZZLL 9/>(0 50 G8)5. KL"P (0@ /X,/0@/@ ,-)$6>-

    1(06(): KL"R* 2$ A/ A/)/ 0$, (9./ ,$ 50=.6@/ ,-/ 2/(2$0N,$N2/(2$0 50,/);/)$>)(%2 50 ,-(,(0(.:252C '6),-/) 50;$)%(,5$0 (9$6, bGB?GH =(0 9/ ;$60@ (, -,,8Wjj6(E2()C]8.C0(2(C>$EC

    #(9./ GZC bGB?GH .50/ -, 26925@/0=/

    $; ,-/ +(.5;$)05( GS6/@6=, @6)50> ,-/ KL"P @)$6>-,C

    UAVSAR Line ID 14511 UAVSAR Line ID 13300

    Acq.

    No.

    Flight

    ID

    Date of

    acquisition

    Acq.

    No.

    Flight ID Date of

    acquisition

    1 13129 7/19/2013 1 14033 4/2/2014

    2 13165 10/31/2013 2 14062 5/15/2014

    3 14005 1/17/2014 3 14086 6/16/2014

    4 14019 2/12/2014 4 14112 8/14/2014

    5 14033 4/2/2014 5 14140 10/6/20146 14068 5/29/2014 6 14166 11/13/2014

    7 14086 6/16/2014 7 15002 1/7/2015

    8 14112 8/14/2014

    9 14140 10/6/2014

    10 14166 11/13/2014

    11 15002 1/7/2015

    12 15017 3/10/2015

    '5>6)/ GKC &)(8- 2-$A50> ,-/ 8(5)2 $; 5%(>/2 62/@ ,$ ;$)% 50,/);/)$>)(%2 62/@ ;$) bGB?GH .50/ -,IC

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      ZZ

    '5>6)/ GZC b0=/),(50,: 50 ,-/ E/),5=(. %$E/%/0, @/)5E/@ ;)$% bGB?GH .50/

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    '5>6)/ GPC b0=/),(50,: 50 ,-/ 26925@/0=/ @/)5E/@ ;)$% bGB?GH .50/