nasalization and drawl in central yiddish · nasalization affects long v before final /n/ _# _v a....
TRANSCRIPT
PARIS RFP 16, June 27-29
Guillaume ENGUEHARD, Université d'Orléans, CNRS LLL
Noam FAUST, Université Paris 8 CNRS SFL
Nasalization and Drawl in
Central Yiddish
OUTLINE● Empiry (= data)● Theory● Analysis● Implication
EMPIRY● Drawl● Nasalization● Nasalization and drawl
EMPIRY● affects long V before prepausal C
_# _##
a. ʃuud ʃuuəd ‘shame’
looz looəz ‘louse’
b. nʊl nʊl ‘zero’
lɔz lɔz ‘let’
c. bluu bluu ‘blue’
froo froo ‘lady’
EMPIRY drawl
Jacobs (1990, 2005), elicited by second author
NASALIZATION● affects long V before final /n/
_# _V
a. baa baan-ən ‘train’
ʃpjoo ʃpjoon-ən ‘spy’
b. man man-ən ‘husband’
tɔn tɔn-ən ‘ton’
EMPIRY nasal izat ion
elicited by second author
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● nasalization behaves like a prepausal C
_# _##
a. ʦuu ʦuuə ‘tooth’
b. bluu bluu ‘blue’
froo froo ‘lady’
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
elicited by second author
MORAIC ANALYSIS● final consonants can be extrasyllabic
σ
µ
uh
µ
σ
µ
uh t
µ*µ
t
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
MORAIC ANALYSIS● the pause inserts a syllabic node
σ
µ
uh
µ *µ
t
*σ σ
µ
uh
µ µ
t
*σ σ
µ
uh
µ µ
ə
σ
µ
t
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
MORAIC ANALYSIS● adjuncted nasals are realized as nasalization
σ
µ
uh
µ
n
σ
µ
uh
µ
N
*µ
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
MORAIC ANALYSIS● the pause inserts a syllabic node
σ
µ
uh
µ
*n
*σ σ
µ
uh
µ
n
*σ σ
µ
uh
µ µ
ə
σ
n
*µ µ µ
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
UNATTESTED
ISSUES● moras account for nasalization● moras account for drawl● but they cannot account for both
– except with ad hoc notions such as:● abandonned moras● reinserted moras● realized floatting segments● derivation
EMPIRY nasal izat ion and drawl
σ
µ
uh
µ <µ>
t
=
σ
µ
uh
µ *<µ>
t
σ
µ
uh
µ µ
ə
µ
σ
t
σ
µ
uh
µ <µ>
n
=
σ
µ
uh
µ *<µ>
σ
µ
uh
µ µ
ə
σ
σ
µ
uh
µ <µ>
t
σ
µ
uh
µ <µ>
EMPIRY
_# _##
nasal izat ion and drawl
2ND STEP1ST STEP
THEORY● Strict CV● Lateral relations● Final Empty Nucleus
STRICT CV● skeleton made of repeated CV units
C V C V
k i n
[kin] 'chin'
THEORY str ict CV
Lowenstamm (1996)
C V C V
ʃ a t
C V C V
χ ə n
LATERAL RELATIONS● empty nuclei need to be governed
[ʃatχən] 'matchmaker'
G
THEORY lateral relat ions
Kaye et al. (1990)
LATERAL RELATIONS● ungoverned nuclei need to be realized
/majd-l-l/ : [majdələ] ‘young woman (dim)’
C V C V
j d
C V C V
l
||
C V
a əə
THEORY lateral relat ions
Kaye et al. (1990), Faust (2018)
m l
[bʁiidəʁ] 'brother'
LATERAL RELATIONS● branching segments need to be licensed
C V C V
b iʁ
C V C V
d
L
C V
ʁə
THEORY lateral relat ions
Charette (1991)
C V C V
ʃ u
C V C V
l t
=
*[ʃuult]
||
LATERAL RELATIONS● unlicensed long segment are shortened
THEORY lateral relat ions
Charette (1991)
LATERAL RELATIONS● two opposite forces:
– government allows for unengaged positions
– licensing allows for engageable positions
THEORY lateral relat ions
Ségéral & Scheer (2001)
C V C V
k i n
[kin] 'chin'
FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can remain unengaged
THEORY f inal empty nucleus
Kaye (1991)
C V C V
ʁ o
C V
f
[fʁoo] 'lady'
FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can be engaged
THEORY f inal empty nucleus
Kaye (1991)
C V C V
m ʃ
C V
z a
[zamʃ] 'suede'
FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can govern
G
THEORY f inal empty nucleus
Kaye (1991)
C V C V
d
C V
ʃ u
[ʃuud] 'shame'
FINAL EMPTY NUCLEUS● can license
L
THEORY f inal empty nucleus
Kaye (1991)
ANALYSIS● Nasalization and licensing● Drawl and government
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● nasalization results from licensing
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Jacobs (1990, 2005)
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● nasalization involves a floatting /n/
C V
<< N
C VC V
z i
[zii] 'son'
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Jacobs (1990, 2005)
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final |voice| floats in final devoicing
_V _#
a. gʁojsə gʁojs ‘big’
b. lojzə lojs ‘loose’
C VC V
l oj s
N
=
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Jacobs (2005:115)
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● |voice| is a manifestation of |N|
– low frequency
– nasal-voice paradox● nasals are unspecified for voice● nasals involve voice assimilation
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Nasukawa (1997), Backley (2011)
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ is a weak consonant that must be licensed● unlicensed, it drops● cf. Catalan
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Faust & Torres-Tamarit (2018:20)
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final /n/ floats if it is unlicensed
C V
n
=
C VC V
z i
*[ziin] 'son'
L
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● final /n/ is realized if it is licensed
C V
n
C V
k i
[kin] 'chin'
L
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ can be syllabic (it can be spread V)
C V
g
C V
[liign] 'lie'
C V
n
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
Jacobs (2005:127)
C V
l i
NASALIZATION AND LICENSING● /n/ can license
[liign] 'lie'
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and l icensing
C V
g
C V C V
n
C V
l i
L
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● drawl results from government
ANALYSIS drawl and government
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● the pause is an additional [CV]
C VC VC V
ʃ
[C V]
u d
/ʃuud##/ 'shame'
ANALYSIS drawl and government
Pagliano (2003)
C VC VC V
f ʁ
[C V]
o
[froo] 'lady'
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● no effect in CVV
L
ANALYSIS drawl and government
C VC VC V
ʃ t
[C V]
i l
[ʃtil] 'silent'
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● no effect in CVC
L
ANALYSIS drawl and government
C VC VC V
ʃ
[C V]
u d
=
*[ʃuud] 'shame'
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC
L||
ANALYSIS drawl and government
[ʃuuəd] 'shame'
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC
C VC VC V
ʃ
[C V]
u d
L||
ə
ANALYSIS drawl and government
[ʃuuəd] ≁ *[ʃuəd]
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC
C VC VC V
ʃ
[C V]
u d
L||
ə
ANALYSIS drawl and government
[ʃuwəd]
DRAWL AND GOVERNMENT● effect in CVVC
C VC VC V
ʃ
[C V]
u d
L||
ə
ANALYSIS drawl and government
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● no effect in CVn
C V
n
C V
k i
[C V]
[kin] 'chin'
L||
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● no effect in CVn
C V
n
C V
k i
[C V]
[kin] 'chin'
LL
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn
C V
n
=
C V
ʦ u
C V [C V]
*[ʦuun] 'tooth'
L||
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn
C V
n
=
C V
ʦ u
C V [C V]
*[ʦuun] 'tooth'
LL
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn
*[ʦuu] 'tooth'
C V
<< N
C V
ʦ u
=
C V [C V]
L||
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
NASALIZATION AND DRAWL● effect in CVVn
[ʦuuə] 'tooth'
C V
ə
C V
ʦ u
C V [C V]
L||
ANALYSIS nasal izat ion and drawl
IMPLICATION● Coda Mirror Theory● Nightmare position● Coda Mirror v2
CODA MIRROR THEORY● lateral relations determine strength
C VC v°
G
L
C VC V
G
L
C v°C V
STRONG NOT STRONG WEAK
IMPLICATION coda mirror theory
Ségéral & Scheer (2001)
NIGHTMARE POSITION● governed and unlicensed
C VC V
G
L
SUPER WEAK
IMPLICATION nightmare posi t ion
NIGHTMARE POSITION● e.g. C position following a long vowel
C VC V
c v
C V
G
L
IMPLICATION nightmare posi t ion
CODA MIRROR v2● G and L cannot have the same target
C VC v°
G
L
C VC V
G
L
C v°C V
STRONG NOT STRONG WEAK
IMPLICATION coda mirror v2
Scheer & Zikova (2010)
CODA MIRROR v2● but...
C V
n
C V
k i
[kin] 'chin'
G
L
IMPLICATION coda mirror v2
CONCLUSION● pause is manifested by a skeletal slot● nasalization results from lack of licensing● drawl results from lack of government● Central Yiddish supports Coda Mirror v1
– nightmare positions are attested
licensing
/n/
The Nightmare (position)
government
Füssli (1781)
MERCI
Backley, P. (2011) An Introduction to Element Theory. Edinburgh University Press.Charette, M. (1991) Conditions on Phonological Government. [2006]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Faust, Noam. 2018. Bi-morphemic virtual length in Yiddish. Studia Linguistica. Available online.Faust, N. and Torres-Tamarit, F. (2018) ‘Stress and final /n/ deletion in Catalan: Combining Strict CV and OT’, Glossa, 2(1), pp. 1–23.
Jacobs, Neil. 1990. Economy in Yiddish Vocalism: A Study in the Interplay of Hebrew and Non Hebrew Components. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Jacobs, Neil. 2005. Yiddish: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Kaye, Jonathan. 1990. ‘Coda’ Licensing. Phonology, 7(2): 301-330.Kaye, J., Lowenstamm, J. and Vergnaud, J.-R. (1990) ‘Constituent Structure and Government in Phonology’, Phonology, 7(2), pp. 193–231.
Lowenstamm, Jean. 1996. CV as the only syllable type. In Durand, Jacques and Bernard Laks (eds.), Current trends in Phonology. Models and Methods. Salford, Manchester: ESRI. 419 -441.
Nasukawa, K. (1997) ‘Melodic structure in a nasal-voice paradox’, UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 9, pp. 403–423.
Pagliano, Claudine. 2003. L'epenthese consonantique en francais. Ce que la syntaxe, la semantique et la morphologie peuvent faire a la phonologie. PhD dissertation,Universite de Nice.
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REFERENCES