nat. sci. 3 – earth science and astronomy chapter ii: earth materials and time
DESCRIPTION
NAT. SCI. 3 – Earth Science and Astronomy CHAPTER II: Earth Materials and Time. RONALDO T. BIGSANG, M.Sc. GEOLOGIC TIME: Earth’s Story in the Rocks. OBJECTIVES. Identify some important geologic events in the history of planet Earth; - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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NAT. SCI. 3 – Earth Science and Astronomy
CHAPTER II:Earth Materials and Time
RONALDO T. BIGSANG, M.Sc.
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GEOLOGIC TIME:Earth’s Story in the Rocks
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OBJECTIVES
• Identify some important geologic events in the history of planet Earth;
• Appreciate the role of fossil records and rock formations in understanding Earth’s past;
• Describe the ways to measure geologic time;• Discuss some principles used to explain relative
geologic time; and• Trace the Earth’s chronologic geological story in a
geologic column.
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EARTH ROCKS & MASS EXTINCTIONS
• mass extinction– sudden, catastrophic event when a significant part of
all life-forms on Earth becomes extinct– examples
• meteorite impact• volcanic eruption• increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere
• fossils– remains of prehistoric life imprinted/preserved in
sedimentary rocks
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EARTH ROCKS & MASS EXTINCTIONS
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EARTH ROCKS & MASS EXTINCTIONS
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EARTH ROCKS & MASS EXTINCTIONS
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GEOLOGIC TIME
• relative age– an approach to measure geologic time based on the
order in which events occurred– not measured in years– principle: in order for an event to affect a rock, the rock
must exist first• absolute age– tells both the order in which events occurred and the
amount of time that has passed since they occurred– measured in years
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RELATIVE GEOLOGIC TIME• principle of original horizontality
– sediments usually accumulate in horizontal layers
• principle of superposition– sedimentary rocks become younger from top to bottom
• principle of crosscutting relationships– a rock must exist before anything can happen to it
• theory of evolution– life-forms have changed in their physical and genetic characteristics over
time
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RELATIVE GEOLOGIC TIME
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RELATIVE GEOLOGIC TIME
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RELATIVE GEOLOGIC TIME
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RELATIVE GEOLOGIC TIME
• principle of faunal succession– species succeeded one another through time in a
definite and recognizable order
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UNCONFORMITIES & CORRELATION
• conformable – describes sedimentary layers that were deposited continuously without
detectable interruption
• unconformity– an interruption in sediment deposits causing a gap in the geological
record for that place– disconformity
• sedimentary layers above and below the unconformity are parallel– angular unconformity
• younger sediment or sedimentary rocks rest on the eroded surface of tilted or folded older rocks
– nonconformity• layered sedimentary rocks lie on an erosion surface cut into igneous or
metamorphic rocks
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UNCONFORMITIES & CORRELATION
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UNCONFORMITIES & CORRELATION
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UNCONFORMITIES & CORRELATION
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