nathan kleinman, phd senior research analyst and consultant human capital management services
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Employer Health Benefit Data Types and Uses. Nathan Kleinman, PhD Senior Research Analyst and Consultant Human Capital Management Services Adjunct Assistant Professor, College of Business University of Wyoming. Introduction to Employer Health Benefits Data. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nathan Kleinman, PhDSenior Research Analyst and Consultant
Human Capital Management ServicesAdjunct Assistant Professor, College of Business
University of Wyoming
Introduction to Employer Health Benefit
Data Types and Uses
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Introduction to Employer Health Benefits DataIntroduction to Employer Health Benefits Data
Types of Employer Benefits & Data
Levels of Data Granularity
Examples of Employer Data
The Need for Data Integration
Data Uses– Business Management– Research
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer
Benefits & Data
Types of Employer
Benefits & Data
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Demographics, Salary, Job Type, etc.
– Birth Date– Gender– Hire Date– Race– Salary– Exempt Status– Full-time/Part-time Status– Job Type– Job Title– Etc.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Health Benefits
– Health Insurance (HMO, PPO, Indemnity)– Prescription Drugs (Brand vs. Generic, Tiers)– Dental– Vision– Etc.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Health Risk Appraisals
– May include questions about:• Height
• Weight
• Blood pressure
• Smoking status
• Alcohol consumption
• Exercise
– May be required to get lower health insurance premium or in conjunction with gym membership
– May be administered by corporate doctor or may be self-report
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Health-related Absence
– Sick Leave– Short-term Disability – Long-term Disability– Workers’ Compensation
– Family & Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Other Absence
– Vacation– Paid Time Off (PTO)– Holidays– Floating Holidays– Military leave– Bereavement leave– Others
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Types of Employer Benefits & DataTypes of Employer Benefits & Data
Productivity, Performance
– Population examples• Profit per store
• Graduates per professor
– Person-level examples• Self-report productivity surveys
• Manager performance reviews
• Widgets produced, calls answered, boxes moved per day
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Levels of Data GranularityLevels of Data Granularity
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Levels of Data GranularityLevels of Data Granularity
Population– Each record summarizes data for many people
Person– One record per person
Leave– Example: One record per sick leave episode or disability leave of absence– Possibly several records per person
Transaction, Payment– Example: One record per medical service or prescription– Example: One record per disability leave payment– Many records per person
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Employer Data ExamplesEmployer Data Examples
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Data Examples – Health Insurance ClaimsData Examples – Health Insurance Claims
IDPAT
GENDRELA-TION
PAT BIRTH DT
SERVICE DATE
ICD9 CODE
PROC CODE BILLED ALLOWED INELIG DEDUCT COINSUR COPAY PAID PAID DT
0500792 F E 5/15/1955 11/5/2001 46500 99213 $66 $66 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 11/30/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 73140 $28 $28 $0 $0 $0 $0 $8 11/30/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 29125 $76 $76 $0 $0 $0 $0 $60 11/30/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 7100 $347 $347 $0 $0 $0 $0 $347 10/31/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/18/2001 71944 99213 $98 $98 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 11/30/20010500792 M S 9/4/1957 12/4/2001 46600 99213 $66 $66 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 12/31/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/2/2001 46590 99213 $67 $67 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 10/31/20010500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/30/2001 72310 72052 $171 $171 $0 $0 $0 $0 $63 11/30/20010500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/25/2001 00068 93000 $55 $55 $0 $0 $0 $0 $28 11/30/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 9000 $105 $105 $0 $0 $0 $0 $105 10/31/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 9000 $188 $188 $0 $0 $0 $50 $138 10/31/20010500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/26/2001 00068 80053 $40 $40 $0 $0 $0 $0 $12 11/30/20010500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/25/2001 00068 99396 $150 $150 $0 $0 $0 $15 $92 11/30/20010500792 M D 10/3/1985 10/14/2001 84210 99283 $158 $158 $0 $0 $0 $0 $64 11/30/20010500792 F E 5/15/1955 2/2/2002 72910 99213 $66 $66 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 2/28/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 1/22/2002 24290 84443 $118 $118 $0 $0 $0 $0 $17 1/31/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 1/22/2002 24290 99213 $66 $66 $0 $0 $0 $15 $34 2/28/20020500792 M S 9/4/1957 1/25/2002 00068 99215 $137 $137 $0 $0 $0 $15 $99 2/28/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 1/22/2002 24290 85651 $26 $26 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4 1/31/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/25/2001 00068 80061 $64 $64 $0 $0 $0 $0 $13 1/31/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/25/2001 00068 80050 $187 $187 $0 $0 $0 $0 $40 1/31/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 1/28/2002 72100 72141 $1,395 $1,395 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,042 2/28/20020500792 F E 5/15/1955 10/25/2001 00068 85651 $26 $26 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4 1/31/20020500792 M S 9/4/1957 5/16/2002 00068 85025 $33 $33 $0 $0 $0 $0 $8 5/31/20020500792 M S 9/4/1957 5/16/2002 00068 80053 $50 $50 $0 $0 $0 $0 $11 5/31/20020500792 M D 10/3/1985 3/25/2002 71946 99214 $125 $125 $0 $0 $0 $15 $61 4/30/2002
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Data Examples – Prescription Drug ClaimsData Examples – Prescription Drug Claims
IDPAT
GENDRELA-TION
PAT BIRTH DT RX NUM FILL DT NDC CODE DRUG NAME
REFILL NUM QTY
DAYS SUPPLY COPAY PAID BILLED
0034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006424704 9/30/2003 00062535601 TERAZOL 3 1 20 3 $15 $22 $370034450 2 4 6/13/1995 006474847 5/26/2003 00026853110 CIPRO HC 0 10 7 $15 $54 $690034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006941196 7/2/2003 64731082001 DUET 0 30 30 $18 $0 $180034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006941196 9/4/2003 64731082001 DUET 2 30 30 $18 $0 $180034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006941196 8/4/2003 64731082001 DUET 1 30 30 $18 $0 $180034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006424704 9/20/2003 00062535601 TERAZOL 3 0 20 3 $15 $22 $370034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006947977 8/22/2003 00149071001 MACROBID 0 14 7 $15 $12 $270034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006835577 11/21/2001 00062190315 ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN 0 28 28 $10 $21 $310034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006949807 9/4/2003 00062535601 TERAZOL 3 0 20 3 $15 $22 $370034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006947155 8/15/2003 63304097004 AMOXICILLIN 0 200 10 $5 $14 $190034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006949884 9/5/2003 00006071131 SINGULAIR 0 30 30 $15 $65 $800034450 2 4 6/13/1995 006815044 8/6/2001 63395010110 FLOXIN OTIC 0 10 15 $10 $45 $550034450 2 4 6/13/1995 006849062 1/29/2002 00029604955 AMOXIL 0 150 10 $10 $7 $170034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006865072 10/22/2002 00085112802 CLARITIN 1 30 30 $15 $82 $970034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006822946 9/19/2001 00085112802 CLARITIN 0 30 30 $10 $71 $810034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006822946 11/10/2001 00085112802 CLARITIN 1 30 30 $10 $71 $810034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006822946 2/1/2002 00085112802 CLARITIN 2 30 30 $10 $73 $830034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006822947 9/19/2001 00085119701 NASONEX 0 17 25 $10 $43 $530034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006849681 1/31/2002 00029604959 AMOXIL 0 100 10 $10 $2 $120034450 1 3 5/9/1998 006865072 4/17/2002 00085112802 CLARITIN 0 30 30 $10 $81 $910034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006829411 7/18/2002 00088109047 ALLEGRA-D 4 60 30 $25 $47 $720034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006829411 9/21/2002 00088109047 ALLEGRA-D 5 60 30 -$25 -$47 -$720034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006829411 9/21/2002 00088109047 ALLEGRA-D 5 60 30 $25 $47 $720034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006829411 10/5/2002 00088109047 ALLEGRA-D 5 60 30 $25 $47 $720034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006775676 9/18/2001 00062190315 ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN 9 28 28 $10 $21 $310034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006775676 10/22/2001 00062190315 ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN 10 28 28 $10 $21 $310034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006775676 8/30/2001 00062190315 ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN 8 28 28 $10 $21 $310034450 2 1 8/29/1965 006827079 10/10/2001 00029608012 AUGMENTIN 0 20 10 $10 $63 $73
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
The Need for Data IntegrationThe Need for Data Integration
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
The Problem of Separate SilosThe Problem of Separate Silos
Human Resource
Data
Workers’ Comp Data
Health Care Data
Disability Data
Productivity Data
Sick Leave Data
Drug Data
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Cost Shifting from One Benefit Silo to AnotherCost Shifting from One Benefit Silo to Another
Total Cost Balloon
$$$
Hokey Corporate Benefits Manager
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Integrated Information Eliminates SilosIntegrated Information Eliminates Silos
Workers’Compensation
Data
Drug Data
HRData
Sick Leave Data
Productivity Data
Disability Data
Integrated Person-Centric
Database
Medical Insurance Data
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Uses of Employer DataUses of Employer Data
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Business ManagementBusiness Management
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Sample Employee Total Compensation Analysis(A Days Pay for a Days Work)
Sample Employee Total Compensation Analysis(A Days Pay for a Days Work)
Insurance, 10.2%
PTO, 4.2%
Training, 2.9%
Retirement, 11.8%
Taxes, 4.8%
Wages, 70.1%
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Sample Integrated Health Benefits Trend AnalysisSample Integrated Health Benefits Trend Analysis
Adjusted for Inflation
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd
2002 2003 2004 2005
Ave
rag
e C
ost
per
Em
plo
yee
Employee Medical Employee Drug Dependent Medical Dependent Drug STD LTDWC Sick Leave
39% Increase
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Integrated Benefits ManagementAd Hoc Pareto Analysis
Analytic Finding:
14 percent of the workers used 80 percent of the total health benefits claim cost.
Analytic Finding:
14 percent of the workers used 80 percent of the total health benefits claim cost.
8.6%
8.6%
27.6%
35.2%
14% 80%
EMPLOYEESTOTAL HEALTH CLAIMS COST
Non-Pareto Workers
86%
Non-ParetoCosts20%
WC Medical
STD/LTD
WC Indemnity
Group Health
Non-Pareto
Pareto
Pareto Group
WC Ind.
WC Med.GH
STD/LTD
Source: OCI Research Group
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Person-Centric/Human Capital Approach
The Type of People Using Health Benefits
Cost per Person
% of LTD STD WCI WCM GHMAll
Benefits% of Total
People People $ $ $ $ $ $ Cost
Benefits-Centric/Medical Approach
No Disability Claims
90% 0 0 0 48 504 551 26%
With DisabilityClaims
10% 1,290 1,912 5,399 3,361 3,391 15,352 74%
Integrated Disability and Total Benefits Management
The Type of Health Benefits People Use
LTD3%
STD4%
WCI10%
WCM9%
GHM74%
Medical Managed
Care
Source: OCI Research Group
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Increases in LTD Claims Rate From a 10% Increase in each Variable
0.070%
0.324%
0.452%
0.768%
0.833%
0.543%
0.001%
0.003%
-15.000% -10.000% -5.000% 0.000% 5.000% 10.000% 15.000% 20.000%
Suspensions
FMLA Claims
Medical Insurance Costs
STD Claims
West Region
East Region
POS Medical Plan
WC Claims
1.310%
1.791%
4.121%
14.418%
Sick Leave
Female
WC Wait Period
Age
-5.538%
-1.958%
-13.208%
Exempt
Pay for Performance
STD Wait Period
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
1st Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile 5th Quintile
Av
era
ge
Co
st
pe
r E
mp
loy
ee
Employee Medical Employee Drug Dependent MedicalDependent Drug WC Medical WC IndSTD LTD Sick Leave
High Risk Group5% of Employees
Moderate Risk Group15% of Employees
Low Risk Group80% of Employees
Sample Integrated Health Benefits Pareto Analysis with Dependent Costs
Sample Integrated Health Benefits Pareto Analysis with Dependent Costs
Quintile Avg. Cost Cost Range Medications
1 $1,000 $0-$4000 3
2 $5,000 $4000-$10,000 5
3 $15,000 $10,000-$25,000 10
4 $30,000 $25,000-$40,000 12
5 $75,000 $40,000-$450,000 16
Average Cost: $2,000
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Pareto 1st and 5th Quintile Utilization Comparative AnalysisPareto 1st and 5th Quintile Utilization Comparative Analysis
Time Period 10/1/04 – 9/30/05
1st Quintile (N=16,000)
5th Quintile (N=200)
Ratio of 5th to 1st
Percent Change 5th to
1st
Number of Diagnoses per person 3.0 20.6 6.9 587%
Number of Providers per person 2.5 19.5 6.1 514%
Number of Medications per person 3.3 16.4 5.0 397%
Number of Tests per person* 4.6 42.8 9.3 830%
*MRI, Radiology, Lab Procedures and ER Procedures
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Time Period 7/1/04 – 6/30/05
$169
$297
$1,1
27
$3,2
38
$973
$705 $2
,869
$5,9
79
$15,
783
$49,
576
$1,0
01
$2,5
85
$4,0
64
$2,9
98
$3,7
64
$8 $14
$355
$325
$9,1
37
$293
$938 $2
,918
$9,5
13
$33,
728
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
1st Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile 5th Quintile
Ave
rag
e C
ost
per
Em
plo
yee
Metabolic Concurrent Medical Drug WC Income Replacement
High Risk Group52 Employees
Moderate Risk
Low Risk Group
Average Cost per Employee: $6,969
Quintile Population Avg. Cost Cost Range Medications1 571 (63.9%) $2,176 $0-$4,659 52 185 (20.7%) $6,703 $4,672-$9,803 93 86 (9.6%) $14,443 $9,851-$23,923 114 39 (4.4%) $31,858 $23,972-$48,673 155 13 (1.5%) $97,178 $50,020-$210,677 13
Diabetes/Cardio Metabolic Integrated Disease Pareto Analysis
Diabetes/Cardio Metabolic Integrated Disease Pareto Analysis
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Integrated Cost ProfileMental and Nervous Claimants
Integrated Cost ProfileMental and Nervous Claimants
Productivity Loss Cost$4,300
Administrative Cost$854
Other Medical Cost$2,933
WC Cost$1,867
Disability Cost$18,010
3,637 People over 2 years
Mental & Nervous ICD9s$854
Total Health & Productivity Cost $28,818
(3% of Total)
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Health Benefits Cost Shifting Analysis
Analysis comparing WC costs for HMO and Traditional Health Care Plans
# of Employees WC CostsTraditional Health Plan 18,000 $ 850HMO 4,000 $1,200
Potential Savings: $1.4M annually ($350 per employee)
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
ResearchResearch
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Cost of Bipolar DisorderCost of Bipolar Disorder
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Descriptive ComparisonEmployees with Bipolar Disorder vs. Employees without Bipolar Disorder
Descriptive ComparisonEmployees with Bipolar Disorder vs. Employees without Bipolar Disorder
Variable
Employees with Bipolar Disorder (N=761)
Employees without Bipolar Disorder (N=229,145)
Mean Mean DifferenceAge (at index date) 41.16 40.41 0.75 *Tenure (at index date) 10.63 9.76 0.86 *Percent Female 54.40% 44.48% 9.92% *Percent Married 46.15% 55.98% -9.83% *Percent White 83.53% 65.08% 18.45% *Percent Black 9.12% 21.26% -12.15% *Percent Hispanic 4.12% 7.96% -3.84% *Percent Exempt 21.16% 27.33% -6.17% *Percent Full-time 89.09% 85.70% 3.39% *Annual Salary $47,351 $48,468 -$1,117Zipcode 1st Digit = 0 18.79% 12.46% 6.33% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 1 22.34% 15.43% 6.91% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 2 18.79% 14.15% 4.64% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 3 14.06% 22.54% -8.48% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 4 3.29% 5.34% -2.05% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 5 0.13% 0.68% -0.55% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 6 2.76% 3.00% -0.24%Zipcode 1st Digit = 7 5.78% 9.59% -3.81% *Zipcode 1st Digit = 8 4.60% 4.30% 0.30%Zipcode 1st Digit = 9 9.46% 12.44% -2.98% ** Statistically significant difference (p<0.05)
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Comparison of Annual Cost per PersonComparison of Annual Cost per Person
Bipolar vs. Non-bipolar vs. Other Mental Disorders vs. No Mental Disorders
Comparison of Annual Cost1 per Person$5
,492
$2,4
96
$489 $9
75
$118 $413
$9,9
83
$1,6
32
$630
$408
$307
$10
$159
$3,1
47
$3,6
98
$1,2
52
$503
$580
$28
$208
$6,2
68
$1,2
37
$496
$353
$255
$6 $163
$2,5
10
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
Medical PrescriptionDrug
Sick Leave Short-termDisability
Long-termDisability
Workers'Compensation
Total Cost
Adj
uste
d2 A
nnua
l Cos
t per
Per
son
Bipolar Employees(N=761)
Employees without Bipolar(N=229,145)
Other Mental Disorder Employees(N=26,776)
Employees without Other Mental Disorders(N=185,802)
1 Costs are measured during the year following each person's index date. For bipolar patients, the index date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001. For other mental patients,
the index date is the date of the first mental disorder diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For all other population groups, the index date is the average index date from the bipolar employee group.2 Costs shown are adjusted using regression modeling and controlling for age, tenure, gender, marital status, race, exempt status, full-time/part-time status, salary, and location.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Comparison of Annual Absence Days per PersonComparison of Annual Absence Days per Person
Bipolar vs. Non-bipolar vs. Other Mental Disorders vs. No Mental Disorders
Comparison of Annual Absence Days1 per Person
5.2
11.0
1.4 1.3
18.9
3.3 3.2
0.10.7
7.4
5.06.0
0.3 0.8
12.2
2.7 2.7
0.1 0.6
6.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Sick Leave Short-term Disability Long-term Disability Workers'Compensation
Total Days
Adj
uste
d2 A
nnua
l Day
s pe
r P
erso
n
Bipolar Employees(N=761)
Employees without Bipolar(N=229,145)
Other Mental Disorder Employees(N=26,776)
Employees without Other Mental Disorders(N=185,802)
1 Days are measured from leaves begun during the year following each person's index date. For bipolar patients, the index date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001.
For other mental disorder patients, the index date is the date of the first mental disorder diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For all other population groups, the index date is
the average index date from the bipolar employee group.2 Days shown are adjusted using regression modeling and controlling for age, tenure, gender, marital status, race, exempt status, full-time/part-time status, salary, and location.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Real Productivity Output While at Work
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Bipolar DisorderEmployees
(N=59)
Employees withoutBipolar Disorder
(N=27,574)
Other Mental DisorderEmployees (N=1,382)
Employees withoutMental Disorders
(N=25,268)
Healthy Employees (N=18,179)
Study Population
Un
its P
roce
ssed
Per
Ho
ur
Wo
rked
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mean Adjusted Units Processed Per Hour 95% Confidence Upper Limit 95% Confidence Lower Limit
1 Productivity output measurements come from real worker output data. This data provides the number of units processed
(units of work performed) and number of hours worked for each employee on a daily basis.2 Productivity output measurements are taken during the year following the employee's index date. For bipolar patients, the index
date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001. For other mental disorder patients, the index date is the date of the first mental
disorder diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For other employees, the index date is the average index date from the bipolar employee group.
3 The populations in this study were restricted to those employees with productivity data. Outliers were removed (>4 standard deviations).4 Productivity output measurements shown are adjusted using regression modeling and controlling for age, tenure, gender,
marital status, race, exempt status, full-time/part-time status, salary, and location. Differences in adjusted units processed per hour
between population groups are not statistically signifcant (p>0.05). 5 Employees were defined to be "healthy" if they had less than $500 in medical costs paid by their employer, no short- or long-term
disability costs, and no workers' compensation disability costs during the year after their index date.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Real Annual Productivity OutputReal Annual Productivity Output
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Bipolar DisorderEmployees
(N=59)
Employees withoutBipolar Disorder
(N=27,574)
Other Mental DisorderEmployees (N=1,382)
Employees withoutMental Disorders
(N=25,268)
Healthy Employees (N=18,179)
Study Population
Un
its P
roce
ssed
Per
Yea
r
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Mean Adjusted Units Processed Per Hour 95% Confidence Upper Limit 95% Confidence Lower Limit
1 Productivity output measurements come from real worker output data. This data provides the number of units processed
(units of work performed) for each employee on a daily basis.2 Productivity output measurements are taken during the year following the employee's index date. For bipolar patients, the index
date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001. For other mental disorder patients, the index date is the date of the first mental
disorder diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For other employees, the index date is the average index date from the bipolar employee group.
3 The populations in this study were restricted to those employees with productivity data. Outliers were removed (>4 standard deviations).4 Productivity output measurements shown are adjusted using regression modeling and controlling for age, tenure, gender,
marital status, race, exempt status, full-time/part-time status, salary, and location. Differences in adjusted units processed per year between
bipolar employees and employees without bipolar, employees without mental disorders, and healthly employees are statistically signifcant (p<0.05). 5 Employees were defined to be "healthy" if they had less than $500 in medical costs paid by their employer, no short- or long-term
disability costs, and no workers' compensation disability costs during the year after their index date.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Annual Medical Cost per Person by Major Diagnostic Category (during the year following each person's index date1)
$0
$400
$800
$1,200
$1,600
$2,000
BLO
OD
CIR
CU
LATO
RY
CO
NG
EN
ITA
L
DIG
ES
TIV
E
EN
DO
CR
INE
GE
NIT
OU
RIN
AR
Y
INFE
CTI
OU
S D
IS
INJU
RY
ME
NTA
L
MU
SC
ULO
SK
ELE
TAL
NE
OP
LAS
MS
NE
RV
OU
S S
YS
OTH
ER
PE
RIN
ATA
L
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y
RE
SP
IRA
TOR
Y
SK
IN
Ann
ual M
edic
al C
ost p
er P
erso
n
Bipolar Employees Employees without Bipolar Other Mental Employeees Employees without Mental
1 For bipolar patients, the index date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001. For other mental patients, the index date is the date of the first mental disorder diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For all other population groups, the index date is the average index date from the bipolar employee group.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Annual Medical Cost per Person by Specific AHRQ Disease Category(during the year following each person's index date 1)
$147
$242
$129
$101
$50
$50
$48
$44 $5
6
$15
$19
$21
$17
$16
$116
$11
$47
$9
$24
$28
$31
$17
$17
$15
$10
$166
$27
$288
$102
$96
$83
$123
$81
$62
$44
$39
$29
$17
$0
$15
$87
$0
$40
$0
$11 $2
1
$26
$11
$14
$13
$9
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
Affe
ctiv
eD
isor
ders
Acu
teM
yoca
rdia
lIn
farc
tion
Inte
rver
tebr
alD
isc
Dis
orde
rs
Oth
er M
enta
lC
ondi
tions
Cor
onar
yA
ther
oscl
eros
is
Dis
soci
ativ
e/P
erso
nalit
y D
is
Nut
ritio
n/E
ndoc
r/ M
etab
Dis
Oth
er N
on-
traum
atic
Joi
ntD
is
Spr
ains
and
Stra
ins
Hea
dach
e/M
igra
ine
Dia
bete
sM
ellit
us
Hyp
erte
nsio
n
Hyp
erlip
idem
ia
An
nu
al M
edic
al C
ost
per
Per
son
Bipolar Employees Employees without Bipolar Other Mental Employeees Employees without Mental
$1,5
99
1 For bipolar patients, the index date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001. For other mental patients, the index date is the date of the first mental disorder
diagnosis (non-bipolar) in 2001. For all other population groups, the index date is the average index date from the bipolar employee group.
2006 HCMSGroup. All rights reserved.04/20/23
Average Benefit Cost for Employees with Bipolar Disorder by Medical and Drug Cost Quintile
Average Benefit Cost for Employees with Bipolar Disorder by Medical and Drug Cost Quintile
1 The 761 employees with bipolar disorder were ranked according to their total medical and drug cost during the year following their index date. After begin ranked, the
employees were grouped into five quintile groups such that the total medical and drug cost for each quintile group summed to 20 percent of the overall total medical and drug cost.2 For bipolar patients, the index date is the date of the first bipolar diagnosis in 2001.
Average Benefit Cost for Employees with Bipolar Disorder
by Medical and Drug Cost Quintile1,2
$346
$1,1
44
$2,8
21 $7,1
43
$6,9
85
$870 $3
,476 $7
,528
$16,
203
$52,
365
$436
$1,0
39
$1,2
49
$1,7
57
$892
$770 $1
,857
$2,1
44
$2,3
96 $5,0
36
$263
$15
$125
$0 $1,0
58
$335
$741
$612
$560
$629
$365
$813 $1
,901
$7,5
70
$3,6
51
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
1st Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile 5th Quintile
Ave
rag
e C
ost
Bipolar Medical Cost Concurrent Conditions Medical Cost Bipolar-related Drug CostOther Drug Cost Workers' Compensation Medical Cost Sick Leave CostCosts Due to Other Lost Time
Avg. Cost $3,385 N=469 (61.6%)
Avg. Cost $9,084 N=151 (19.8%)
Avg. Cost $16,380N=83 (10.9%)
Avg. Cost $35,630N=40 (5.3%)
Avg. Cost $70,616N=18 (2.4%)