NNATHANIEL’S ATHANIEL’S NNUTMEGUTMEGThe True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader The True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader

Who Changed the Course of HistoryWho Changed the Course of History

By: Giles MiltonBy: Giles Milton

The Pursuit of SpicesThe Pursuit of Spices

The ‘Spiceries’The ‘Spiceries’

- - East Indies: Ternate, Tidore, Makian, Halmahera, Ceram, East Indies: Ternate, Tidore, Makian, Halmahera, Ceram, Amboyna, Banda, Neira, Ai, Run, Rozengain, Gunung ApiAmboyna, Banda, Neira, Ai, Run, Rozengain, Gunung Api

- Northern passage/north-west passage- Northern passage/north-west passage

- main merchandise: pepper, cloves, nutmeg, etc.- main merchandise: pepper, cloves, nutmeg, etc.

--16th century/Elizabethan London, Elizabeth I16th century/Elizabethan London, Elizabeth I

- Portugal, England, Holland- Portugal, England, Holland• primary competitorsprimary competitors

1569 map of “the east”1569 map of “the east”

The spice islands, or MoluccasThe spice islands, or Moluccas

15531553

First voyage of MysteryFirst voyage of Mystery Company and Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers Company and Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers

for the Discovery of Unknown Landsfor the Discovery of Unknown Lands Richard Chancellor, Sir Hugh WilloughbyRichard Chancellor, Sir Hugh Willoughby North-East PassageNorth-East Passage Not successfulNot successful

1580-15911580-1591

Voyages of Drake and CavendishVoyages of Drake and Cavendish Proved strength of England’s shipsProved strength of England’s ships 3 english ships set out for east indies: 3 english ships set out for east indies: Edward Bonaventure, Edward Bonaventure,

Penelope, Merchant RoyalPenelope, Merchant Royal Returned after 3 years 6 weeks 2 day: human and financial Returned after 3 years 6 weeks 2 day: human and financial

disasterdisaster

Lancaster’s expeditionLancaster’s expedition

Establishment of the East India CompanyEstablishment of the East India Company 1599- receive Queen’s permission1599- receive Queen’s permission Found ways to keep occupied on boardFound ways to keep occupied on board Arrived in Achin in 1602Arrived in Achin in 1602 Ala-uddin read letter from Queen; graciously accepted Ala-uddin read letter from Queen; graciously accepted

tradetrade Departed with pepper and spices for Bantam Departed with pepper and spices for Bantam

CompetitionCompetition

Henry Middleton arrived at ‘spiceries’Henry Middleton arrived at ‘spiceries’ Portuguese had control of main Banda IslandsPortuguese had control of main Banda Islands Dutch ships arrive, not friendlyDutch ships arrive, not friendly Disease on board- dysentery, typhoid, scurvy etc.Disease on board- dysentery, typhoid, scurvy etc. England-need to establish trade with India; send England-need to establish trade with India; send

expeditionexpedition

Hawkins’s ExpeditionHawkins’s Expedition

William Hawkins sent to negotiate with Moghul William Hawkins sent to negotiate with Moghul Emperor to build factoryEmperor to build factory

Arrived 1607 on western coastArrived 1607 on western coast Emperor thought very highly of Queen, took immediate Emperor thought very highly of Queen, took immediate

liking to Hawkinsliking to Hawkins Stayed for 6 years when offered £3,200 a year, 400 Stayed for 6 years when offered £3,200 a year, 400

horses, and the title of Duke, Inglis Khanhorses, and the title of Duke, Inglis Khan Left when realized he was not in a good situationLeft when realized he was not in a good situation Overall mission failedOverall mission failed

Nathaniel’s ExpeditionNathaniel’s Expedition

I October 1616, appointed commander: I October 1616, appointed commander: Swan Swan andand Deference Deference Arrived at Run, of the Banda Islands, to control nutmeg tradeArrived at Run, of the Banda Islands, to control nutmeg trade Natives agreed, King James became king of Ai and RunNatives agreed, King James became king of Ai and Run Geography of island made difficult anchoringGeography of island made difficult anchoring Disloyal men cut the anchor and sailed to Neira, and surrendered Disloyal men cut the anchor and sailed to Neira, and surrendered

to the Dutchto the Dutch Amboyna Massacre took place during his voyage, lost hundreds Amboyna Massacre took place during his voyage, lost hundreds

of menof men

ResolutionsResolutions

Treaty of Westminster: 1654, signed between England Treaty of Westminster: 1654, signed between England and Holland: £85,000 for damages, £4,000 to families and Holland: £85,000 for damages, £4,000 to families of Amboynaof Amboyna

Treaty of Breda: 1667, signed between England and Treaty of Breda: 1667, signed between England and Holland: exhanged Manhattan for RunHolland: exhanged Manhattan for Run