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Nation and Mass

Sergei Morozov

Lecture-presentation 2013

Lecture was staged by “The Another Russia”

(Drugaya Rossiya) and was read to young political

activists 25 February 2013.

Download, share, discuss.This text is free for sharing,

may be copied and downloaded on internet resources in whole or in part

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or origin, life and death of nations by means of natural and artificial selection

http://sexandrank.blogspot.ru/

Term ‘nation’ is too indistinct, vague, and un-intelligible.Nation as a state, nation as a sum of citizens, nation as a sum of people of king are specula-tions.That happens because kings and governments wanted to unite their peoples to solve their tasks.Sometimes they had solved their tasks; some-times they had not, but term become vague.

Nation is not sum of citizens.Nation is not all population or all peoples of king. Population is the next vague term.But there is only one biological meaning of word ‘population’.A population is all the organisms of the same group or species who live in the same geograph-ical area and are capable of interbreeding. (w)

Interbreeding is within population. Inter-breeding is a criterion of population.If biological meaning contradict propaganda meaning, biological meaning is true.But are all peoples of king interbreeding?No, there were groups who interbreed.

In US in 19 century, were slaveholders inter-breeding with Indians? No. Were farmers in-terbreeding with African slaves? No. In Europe were aristocrats interbreeding with farmwork-ers? No. If were no interbreeding means it was not one population. If were not one popula-tion means it was not one nation.

But implicit groups which do not interbreed exist in almost every nation.Is United Nations? Wrong. United Countries or United States.

Speculations, propaganda and terms

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Humans live in human environ-ment.

This environment may be nation and may be mass.The question of understanding of nation and mass is main question of understanding of environment.This question is main because parameters of nation and mass are opposite.

For some ‘nations’ word ‘nation’ sound pathetically.

Is nation or mass? This is main question of environment

Population

Nation Mass

or

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Heredity - organisms inherit parameters of their parents.Variability - individuals in a population vary from one another.

Individuals less suited to the environment are less likely to survive and less likely to reproduce; individu-als more suited to the environment are more likely to survive and more likely to reproduce and leave their inheritable traits to future generations. (w)

Charles Darwin

There are different types of natural selection on base of heredity and variability.There is survival of the fittest.There is survival of the fittest to the environment.Those, who do not fit, has not become fit, but just die out without descendants.But what is human’s environment?

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Environment of humans is the other groups of humans.

Human is social being.Human is highest social predator.

Main adaptation for human is to be competitive in the world of highest social predators.

There are different types of selection.

Significance of group selection for humans is highest.

Human is a highest predator

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What need group for be competitive What need group for survival?Group needs quality.

Quality is elements of heredity which predetermine success in adaptation - to be competitive in the world of highest social predators.

What group needs?

Group needs intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.

Qualities are feature both of group and of being.

Quality

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To survive group must be ready to possible changing of environment, so it must have additional (spared) variants of beings.

Variability of group is ability to support beings of different types, which can be used in future, both with unique possibilities, and with variants of qualities.

Some species, humans and social insects, can use variability for creation of permanent castes.

These species support permanent genetic recombination and can be called the recombinants.

Variability

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Group needs both quality and variability.

Group is limited by resource possibilities.

As a result part of resources of group is distributed for quality, and part for variability.

Quality and variability somewhat compete.

Quality vs variability

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On example of ants one can see the meaning of variability: different castes of recombinants fulfill differ-ent roles, what makes anthill suc-cessful.

Ants support their recombinants ge-netically. If proportion of castes will be disordered, anthill has a problem.

Humans have different types like ants. But in humans these differences is difficult to discern.

Chimpanzee is the nearest relative of human.

Peculiarities of human, which have not been seen in civiliza-tion, can be discerned by observation of chimpanzee.

As opposed to ants, chimpanzees have no casts.

Instruments: chimpanzee and ants

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Different warriors are needed.But all warriors need intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.

Ants:obvious recombination

Humans: latent recombination

Recombination in use

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Edward Wilson. Sociobiology

As size of population is changed, some species change behavioral patterns.

Some types of ants, usually living under the ground, begin to build anthill above ground.

Very long ago humans began to use divi-sion of labour, and to create new structures and hierarchies. And now when group of people became large, they began to use new types of division of labour and hierar-chies.

A change in behavior like that is accounted as evolutionary one.

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Nation

Tribe

Clan

Primordial unit is clan. Way ‘clan - tribe - nation’ is the last evolution change of man, because it changes biological parameters.

Bigger group of people can support more different types of people. Growing of quantitative parameters up allows quali-tative changes in structure of species. If species had not support some group earlier, and can support new group now, it is evolution.

Clan cannot support variability self. Tribe can support some types of warriors, managers, shamans. Nation can afford the whole specter of specialists.

Clan - tribe - nation

variability is grow

Most of humans live in nations.

Chimpanzees live in clans.

Evolution

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Group must support quality.Group must be competitive.How to make group members more competitive?How to make group members have more qualities?Group can make ‘natural selection’ inside the group. The goal of intergroup selection is to make better warriors for intergroup selection.Right to propagate has only those who deserve this right in the intergroup fight for that right.Quality will be gotten.But what is about variability?In that system variability will be supported by free choose of women.

Natural selection for group selection

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Chimpanzee

ClanClan

Clan

Clan

ClanClanClan

Clan Clan

Chimpanzees like humans have patriarchal clan structure. Females go to another clan, males remain on own clan.

Chimpanzees fight by clans, humans fought by clans, but now humans fight by tribes and nations.

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Chimpanzee warsChimpanzees fight by clans. When enemy clan is destroyed, then victor clan has got their territory, and then divides in two, and new clans can fight again.

Human nation if has became large can divide on two and new nations became to war.Example: American War of Independence

ClanClan

Clan

Clan

ClanClanClan

ClanClan

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Sex and RankHealthy women and chimpanzee females have congenital programs of partner choosing.

Programs switch on and switch off during age, and so women prefer different partners.

There are only two programs of choosing - the choosing of alpha and choosing of ‘the chosen one’ for young.

Group needs quality and variability.‘The chosen one’ is for support of variability.The alpha is for support of quality.

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Chimpanzee females can identify potential alphas by next parameters:

- intellect- self-control- physical strength- age (this need not here)

All these are alpha-qualities

Biological base of alpha-qualities:

- working programs, including -- aspiration to increase status/ rank and --curiosity.- health- energy and ability to energy mo-bilization

Alpha-qualities

How ranks work? Rank = reproductive success.

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Statuses/ranks:

- is not child- equal to men- alpha

Two first stages in men are almost synchronous.

Control:

- is not child - has chance to be chosen by woman as ‘the chosen one’.

- equal to men - has right to be chosen by woman for equal part-nership.

- alpha - has all right to women.

Status/rank must give something

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75% - Alpha is chosen.Choice for quality of group.

25% - Non-alpha is chosen.Choice for variability of group.

25%

75%

How to choose partners?

It is unknown how women choose their partners.It is possible to use chimpanzee to find proportions.

If system works, why to change it?

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Quality vs variability

In chimpanzee communities alphas has approx. 75 % of posterity.

Distribution of chimpanzee female choice is 75% on quality, 25% on variability.

These data are for clan. For larger group % of variability must be higher.

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Programs

Energy

Alpha- qualities

Fight for rank

Fight for rank/status

But- if being is not healthy, it has not enough energy for fight. It can begin to fight, but it has few chances to win.- if being has not alpha-qualities, it will lose.

So, alpha-qualities are tied to health. No alpha-qualities means will be no health.

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Will is this case is aspiration to act.

Information may be used as leverage to change goal-will. Goal can be everything.

Will as aspiration of group consists of wills of its members.

Aspiration to increase rank/status

HealthEnergy

Will

Will

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Will is directed from man to

outside

When there are many men with will, they

became to hinder one another

Hierarchy is one possible decision

for organization of space

Will and hierarchy

Healthy nation has great number of hierarchies to provide both quality and variability.

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By hierarchies will of men transforms into will of group - tribe, nation.

Freud calls will as sublimation of sexual desire.But really, desire to have rank is not sexual desire, it is original desire,

but that desire implies sexual opportunities.Desire for sex do not include desire to have children,

but desire for sex implies opportunities to have children.Aspiration for rank/status is a resultant force of healthy work

of healthy human programs.But sublimation of will as it is described by Freud really exists.

But it is for will, not for sexual desire.If there is no will there is no sublimation of will.

Hierarchy is the mean to conduct will

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There are two types of pressure on group - internal and external.Internal pressure is result of will of men of group.

External one is result of will of other groups.

Without external pressure group can lose hierarchies and cease to be group.It can happen in very large groups, like empires.

Pressure on group from outside support hierarchies

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To compete successfully group needs:Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.

To compete successfully for female in group male needs:Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.

Chimpanzee females / women identify potential alphas by:Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, age.

Alpha-qualities:Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.

Positive man’s qualities:Intellect, self-control, physical strength.

Direction of evolution from chimpanzee to man:+Intellect, +self-control, -physical strength, health, energy, +age, +variability.

Evolution lines coincide

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Nation

Nation is synthetic conception, so nation cannot be described

within one scientific discipline.

Nation has beginning and ending, so nation is variable quantity, which cannot be described as the same for

any period of time.

Nation is one of characteristic of population, another characteristic is mass.

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Chimpanzees have merely clan structures

In the nature modern hunter-gatherers have no clan structures, which are not included in tribe. Family is reduced clan.

Females move from one clan to another and forget former relatives. It allows wars between clans.

Clan ClanClan

Clan

ClanClanClan

Clan Clan

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Tribe is a union of clans

In the nature modern hunter-gatherers have war not clan against clan, but tribe against tribe.

TribeClan Clan

Clan

Clan

ClanClanClan

Clan Clan

Women pass from one clan to another and remember former relatives. It prevents wars between clans. Sum of links between former and new

clan which is made by women creates tribe.

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When possibilities for inter-tribe exchange of partners have ended, tribes make agreements and began to exchange women.

But union of tribes is not nation.

TribeTribe

Tribe

Tribe

TribeTribeTribe

Tribe Tribe

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Nation has appeared, when tribes begin to interbreed in statistically large quantities

This structure is nation.Rome had appeared as union of four tribes.

TribeTribe

Tribe

Tribe

TribeTribeTribe

TribeShared

group/tribe of all tribes

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TribeTribe

Tribe

Tribe

TribeПлемяTribe

TribeОбщая группа всех племен

Shared group/tribe of all tribes

becames larger (‘tribe of center’)

Usually in towns

Process of nation development is process of passing of peoples from their own old tribes in one ‘tribe of center’

Nation is not ‘tribe of center’, nation is ‘tribe of center’ plus all old tribes.

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Different variants of origin of nation are possible

To exist nation needs quality and variability.At first time they are result of outbreeding of tribes.

It may be system of tribe-conquer and tribe-subjugated.

It may be group of men, who do not belong to one tribe, who subjugated the other tribes.

But in every case winners create tribe structure. If not nation cannot be formed.

Sometimes nation is saving clan-tribe structure for long times. That structures can be seen as aristocracy or financial or industrial dynasties.

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ПлемяПлемя

Племя

Племя

ПлемяПлемяПлемя

ПлемяОбщая группа всех племен Shared group of all tribes

is whole nation

First or last resources for outbreeding has ended

Quality begins to fall.

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Clan - tribe - nation

Clan almost cannot support variability.

Tribe can support some variability.

Nation can support almost whole specter of variability.

On the way from clan to tribe and from tribe to nation variability grows.

But if variability grows up, quality falls down.

If quality falls down, then alpha-qualities fall down, and health falls down.

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Variability vs quality

Deviation is variability without quality

First data were

25%on variability

75%on quality

time

variability

zone where

variability becomes deviation

quality

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All processes have inertia

Nation wins on account of division of labor, specialization of labor, variability.

But variability conflicts with quality.As variability grows up, quality falls.

Even through nation has sufficient reserve of variability and lack of quality, inertial processes work for growing of

variability and falling of quality.

Nation wins in fight with other nations till nation has initial reserve of quality.

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Insuperable contradiction:

Solution does not exist.There has been kaleidoscope of nations in history.

If nation does not increase variability, it loses to other specialized nations and has been destroyed.

If nation increases variability, it loses quality and has degenerated.

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In his book ‘Decline of The West’ Oswald Spen-gler has presented concept of civilization cycle.Every civilization has beginning, life and death.Accordingly to Spengler, civilizations die in result of ‘metaphysical fatigue’.Civilization creates its architecture, music, painting, empire, technique and realizes itself. But when everything possible is created, civi-lization cannot create something better than had already created.So, in this case civilization has realized itself and has nothing to do.Condition ‘has nothing to do’ creates ‘metaphysical fatigue’ and the one thing civili-zation can do is to die.There is only one way from peak - down.

Oswald Spengler: Decline of The West

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Civilization has beginning, life and death

Spengler’s diagram can be used not only for civilization, but for nation too.It can be noticed that civilization is a system of nation,

so a civilization diagram is sum (system) of nation of civilization diagrams.

achi

evem

ents

architecture

musicexpansion

period of `culture` period of `civilization`

technology

time

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A nation is humanity brought into living form. The practical result of world-improving theories is consis-tently a formless and therefore historyless mass... All world-improvers and world citizens stand for fellaheen ideals whether they know it or not. Their success means the historical abdication of the nation in favour, not of everlasting peace, but of another nation... This is the

idea that Civilization finds prevailing when it comes on the scene, and this is what it destroys by its notion of the Fourth Estate, the Mass, which rejects the Culture and its matured forms, lock, stock and barrel. It is the absolute of formlessness, persecuting with its hate ev-ery sort of form, every distinction of rank, the orderli-ness of property, the orderliness of knowledge... Thus the Fourth Estate becomes the expression of the pass-ing of a history over into the historyless. The mass is

the end, the radical nullity.

Culture is a live stage of civilization

development.It has ended with civili-

zation self, which is final stage of culture.

Life of culture has to be ended with

transformation to civilization.

Life of nation has to be ended with

transformation to mass.

Spengler about mass - year 1918

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Term ‘metaphysical fatigue’ cannot be used in social sciences. Just because ‘metaphysical’

Alpha-qualities: intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.

Cause for death of nation is loss of quality, or the same loss of alpha-qualities.

It is happen as a result of inertia of growing of variability, and as a result of additional causes.

Monogamy is cause of growing of variability.

Loss of quality is cause of mistakes in partner choosing and further of avalanche-like loss of qualities.

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Hierarchical structures are skeleton of nation

If nation has not alpha-qualities it has no will. Without will hierarchical structures cannot be formed.

In nation will of nation is initially defined by old tribe structures, and then by new national structures.

Old structures first organize nation, then they can be in nation, sometimes without manifesting of themselves. But if nation turn into

mass, clan and tribe structures became real force in structural emptiness. Also, the foreign structures, and expatriates’ communities

can get control above mass too.

Those structures may to have the same low quality like mass, but they have structures, and mass have not.

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When does transition from nation to mass happen?It is a seldom instance when data of transition

can be determined precisely.Sometimes some national groups became mass earlier than the other.

It often happens to aristocracy. Then revolution has place. It permanently happens to lowest social groups.

Data of transition can be gotten after analysis of national structures and their efficiency.

For example, for Germany data of transition can be defined as Nazi dictatorship. In the same degree were used both national rhetoric, and

propaganda methods which oriented on the mass. ‘Simplify it, and repeat it’.

Nation or mass - can also be defined by characteristics of population. It is better to use synthetic approach and all indirect data,

because direct data are not available.

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People are the same and people are different

Quality

Nation Mass

Variability

These people are 75% the same by quality.

They can agree.

These people are 75% the different.

They cannot agree.

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Life of nation is process of losing quality

In the begin-ning nation has quality, if not nation cannot

begin.

In the ending nation has not quality, if not nation cannot

die.

time

variability

zone where

variability becomes deviation

quality

achi

evem

ents

architecture

musicexpansion

period of `culture` period of `civilization`

technology

time

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Alpha-qualities and hierarchy

Alpha-qualities are inalienable element of human nature.

Alpha-qualities are skeleton of hierarchical structures of nation.

By alpha-qualities nation supports meanings, culture, and morality. Without alpha-qualities nation gets multitude of meanings, cultures,

and moralities.

Alpha-qualities are shared determinant of national processes and elements.

Understanding between peoples is provided by alpha-qualities.Without alpha-qualities people do not have shared base

of understanding.

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From universal human - to specialized human

Level of opportunities / specter of opportunities of ordinary man when variability grows up.

Specialism is possible until it is supported by universal men.As variability grow up, men with alpha-qualities have disappeared. Community has

become more feminine. It happen because men became specialized up to degree of deviation. And women turn out more universal.

Specter of opportunities

Level of opportunities

Specialism grow up

Nation in beginning Woman

Nation in ending Man

And suddenly

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From specialized human - to detail-humanThe way of nation is the way from

universal human to specialized human, then to

detail-human, then to superfluous-detail-human and then to

superfluous-broken-detail-human.

They are broken because they do not have alpha-qualities and so have not health.

Mass consists of manifold of groups with their narrow, often abstract interests, which cannot be understood by another people.

Somebody says they have cockroaches in heads. Cockroaches cannot come to agree.

The last universal people connect detail-human, but first or last universal people have ended.

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Can mass explode?

Even flour can explode.

Mass is prone to mass psychosis. Mass can fall into riot, sometimes without any reason.

Mass can fall into riot as reaction on something.

But mass cannot get something from riot, because it has not structures, and all benefits from riot were gotten by those, who have structures.

People of mass have not enough energy for long fight and have not enough intellect for consecutive and purposeful actions.

Hypothesis: most powerful explosions have happened when there is melange of 50% mass and 50% nation.

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Who is stronger?

Hierarchical structures are always stronger than less hierarchical ones. Mass usually is governed by tribes or clans. They may have both native

structures, and foreign too.

Nation Tribe Clan Mass

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Is this man ‘man on nation’ or ‘man of mass’?

Question is wrong. One molecule of water cannot be poured, cannot be frozen and cannot be vapored.

Nation and mass are systems of ties.

It is impossible to be man of nation if nation does not exist. But man can try not to be a man of mass.

Man of mass can have talent.But man of mass has not alpha-qualities and energy

to realize that talent.

For example, man of nation may have talent of mathematician, but he will not become mathematician, because he has not enough self-control

to has learnt mathematics.

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Heritage of the nation

Mass does not knows, that it is not nation, but mass.

Mass think itself as nation, and tries to use literature, notion, and conception of gone nation.

It is a logically, because mass does not create anything as a result of absence of possibilities to create.

Nothing works. Mass has not qualities, for what all these things were created.

Conciseness of people live in times of nation, and mass has not notions and conceptions besides old national.

Mass likes the past and prefer does not speak about future. Mass has no future.

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Mass is expended material after historical process

Mass is the last stage, old age of nation. Like a decrepit old man, mass does not have intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.

Mass cannot be turned back into nation, because qualities are hereditary, and no possibility to find ones.

Mass is dying not in figurative sense, mass is dying biologically, line by line, family by family.

Mass has not internal resources neither to compete nor to support life.

But in population, which has become mass sometimes one can find people with alpha-qualities

for new small nation or tribe.

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Review of ‘Sex and Rank’

Sergei Morozov. Sex and Rank. Modern Man’s Ancient ProgramsTranslated by David Gillespie

Sergei Morozov is independent researcher, he is known in Russia as social philosopher, his work is about actual special features of modern society. Really Sergei Morozov is not sociobiologist or evolu-tionary psychologist. His specialism is problem solving. He usually formulates popular problem and then finds its solution. He is using sociobiology and evolutionary psychology as an instrument. He also works with questions of mass society, mass psychology, and his most popular hardcover book (on Russian) is about tribal structures in modern society.