national coral reef monitoring program (ncrmp)

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National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) Socioeconomic Monitoring for US Coral Reef Jurisdictions American Samoa Survey Results 2014 Presented By: Arielle Levine, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program for more information on NCRMP visit : http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/ncrmp_socio/

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Page 1: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)Socio‐economic Monitoring for US Coral Reef Jurisdictions

American Samoa Survey Results ‐ 2014

Presented By: Arielle Levine,NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program

for more information on NCRMP visit : http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/ncrmp_socio/

Page 2: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

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The National Coral Reef Monitoring Program gathers information to track the health of coral reefs and dependent human communities to assist in developing effective management plans and actions for coral reef conservation

Page 3: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Biological Indicators

Climate Indicators

Socioeconomic Indicators

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Page 4: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Indicators for NCRMP Social MonitoringParticipation in reef activities 

Attitudes towards coral reef management strategies and enforcement 

Awareness and knowledge of coral reefs 

Human population changes near coral reefs 

Economic impact of coral reef fishing to jurisdiction

Economic impact of dive/snorkel tourism to jurisdiction 

Community well‐being 

Cultural importance of reefs 

Participation in behaviors that may improve coral reef health 

Physical infrastructure 

Awareness of coral reef rules and regulations 

Governance 4

Page 5: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Resident surveys The resident surveys will assist in collecting indicators for the 

socioeconomic monitoring component of NCRMP Surveys collect information on:Use of coral reef resourcesKnowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of coral reefs and coral reef management

In American Samoa, resident surveys were conducted during February 2014 

Surveys will be repeated every 3‐4 years in each jurisdiction

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Page 6: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Surveys were done in‐person (house to house) on weekday afternoons and weekends

Confidential (no names or personally identifiable information was collected)

Survey was conducted in Samoan or English (depending on respondent preference)

Survey Methodology

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Page 7: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Sample:448 American Samoan residents over the age of 18

Stratified random sample of villages on Tutuila:Urban / Semi‐urban / RuralNorth, South, East, and West

Survey Methodology

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Representative sample of population:

‐ 95% confidence level

‐ 4.6% confidence interval

Page 8: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Sample:448 American Samoan residents over the age of 18

Stratified random sample of villages on Tutuila:Urban / Semi‐urban / RuralNorth, South, East, and West

Survey conducted by:Trained surveyors from local agencies, supervised by San Diego State University

Survey Methodology

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Page 9: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Survey village locations:

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AmanaveAmouliAoloauFaga’ituaFagasaFailoloFaleniuIli’ili

Lauli’iLeoneMalaeimiNu’uuliOnenoaPago PagoVaitogi

Page 10: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Gender

46%

52%

2%

FemaleMaleBlank

*Gender distribution in American Samoa is 50/50 according to 2010 census

Page 11: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Age

Age Survey 2010 Census

18‐29 26.2% 29.6%

30‐39 24.7% 22.2%

40‐49 22.4% 21.8%

50‐59 13.7% 14.8%

60‐69 10.5% 7.6%

70 + 0.0% 4.1%no response 2.5% ‐

Page 12: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Length of time in AS

Page 13: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Languages spoken

85.2%

95.7%

0.9% 0.4%4.7%

English Samoan Korean Chinese Tongan0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Page 14: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Race/ethnicity

Page 15: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Highest level of education completed

Page 16: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Employment status

Page 17: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Demographics – Annual income

Page 18: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q1 How often do you participate in each of the following activities?

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Swimming Snorkeling

Diving (SCUBA or free)

Waterside/ beach camping

Beach recreation Boating

Outrigger canoe/ Fautasi Surfing Fishing

Gathering of other marine resources

Never 20% 70% 93% 55% 39% 75% 82% 86% 47% 56%Once a month or less 32% 14% 3% 29% 29% 13% 7% 5% 21% 23%2‐3 times a month 20% 7% 2% 10% 16% 5% 3% 2% 16% 7%4 times a month or more 23% 5% 2% 5% 13% 5% 3% 3% 15% 6%No response 4% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 5% 4% 1% 7%

Page 19: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q2 (Fishers only) How often do you fish or harvest marine resources…?

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Page 20: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q3 How often does your family eat fish/seafood?

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Page 21: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q4 Where do you get the fish or seafood your family eats? 

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Page 22: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q5 How are American Samoa’s marine resources currently doing? 

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11%9%

6% 7%

22%24%

18%16%

13%9%

11% 9%

34%

22%26% 27%

8%5%

7%9%

12%

30% 32% 31%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Ocean water quality(clean and clear)

Amount of coral Amount of fish Number of animals forgleaning

Very bad Bad Neither bad nor good Good Very good Not sure

Page 23: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q6 How have the conditions changed over the last 10 years?

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15%13%

11% 11%

20% 19%16% 15%15% 14% 15% 14%

19% 18%17%

20%

14%

10% 11% 12%

16%

26%

31% 29%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Ocean water quality(clean and clear)

Amount of coral Amount of fish Number of animals forgleaning

A lot worse Somewhat worse No change Somewhat better A lot better Not sure

Page 24: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q7 In the next 10 years, will the condition of the marine resources get worse, stay the same or improve?

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Page 25: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q8 Disagree/Agree

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7%

22%

7%1%4%

32%

4% 2%2% 1% 2% 2%

53%

25%

54%60%

22%

9%

21%29%

12% 10% 12%5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Coral reefs protect AS fromerosion and natural

disasters

Coral reefs are onlyimportant to fishermen,divers and snorkelers

Healthy reefs attracttourists

Coral reefs are Important toAS culture

Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly agree Not sure

Page 26: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q9 Familiarity with potential threats facing coral reefs in American Samoa

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5% 7% 2% 2% 3%7% 9%

5% 2%6%

2% 2% 2% 1% 1%

54%

45%

64%68%

58%

15%11%

18% 17%13%16%

26%

9% 10%

19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Climate change Coral bleaching Hurricanes and othernatural disasters

Pollution Coastal/ urbandevelopment

Very unfamiliar Unfamiliar Neither familiar nor unfamiliar Familiar Very familiar Not sure

Page 27: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q9 Familiarity with potential threats facing coral reefs in American Samoa

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Page 28: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q10 Threats to coral reefs in American Samoa are:

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Page 29: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q11 How familiar are you with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

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Page 30: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q12 (for those aware of MPAs) Disagree or agree 

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MPAs protect coral reefs

MPAs increase number of fishes

There should be fewer MPAs in American Samoa

There should be more MPAs in American 

Samoa

There has been 

economic benefit to American Samoa 

from MPAs

Fishermen's livelihoods have been negatively impacted from MPAs 

in AS

MPAs help 

incresetourism in Am. Samoa

I would support adding new 

MPAs in Am. 

Samoa

I generally support the 

establishment of MPAs

Strongly agree 28% 30% 6% 26% 31% 8% 17% 30% 28%

Agree 63% 61% 18% 61% 59% 30% 68% 59% 59%

Neither 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 5% 2% 2% 1%

Disagree 2% 3% 32% 7% 2% 23% 4% 3% 5%

Strongly disagree 0% 1% 26% 2% 2% 20% 2% 1% 0%

Not sure 5% 5% 16% 3% 5% 14% 7% 5% 7%

Page 31: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q13 Disagree or agree

17% 13%

2%

12%4%

19% 16%8%

14%9%

4% 3% 1% 3% 1%

36%44%

64%

47%55%

13% 16% 18% 17%23%

10% 8% 7% 8% 9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Ban on fishing "bigfish"

Expansion of FageteleNational Marine

Sanctuary

Establishingcommunity‐based

village MPAs

Establishingpermanent no‐take

MPAs

Establishing areaswith temporaryfishing closures

Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly agree Not sure

Page 32: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q14 How often do you participate in any activity to protect the environment? 

27%

20%

14%16%

18%

6%

0%

20%

40%

Not At all Once a year orless

Several times ayear

At least once amonth

Several times amonth or more

 Not sure

Page 33: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q15 To what degree do you trust each of these sources of information on coral reef related topics in American Samoa?

4%1% 1% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% 1%

12%7% 5% 8% 7%

8% 7%2% 3%

7%

5% 4%7% 14%

11% 10%

3% 2%

52%68% 70% 60% 52% 49% 57%

60% 61%

9%11% 12%

11%9% 10%

12%29% 29%

16%9% 9% 12% 18% 18%

10%4% 3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Newspapers Radio TV Internet Friends &family

Communityleaders

Churchleaders

Gov't ofAmericanSamoa

Fed gov'tagencies

Not sure Very trustworthy Trustworthy Neither trustworthy nor untrustworthy Untrustworthy Very untrustworthy

Page 34: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q16 Which is your 1st and 2nd most important source of information on coral reef related topics in American Samoa? 

Page 35: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q17 How involved is the local community in protecting and managing 

coral reefs?

Page 36: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Q18 How involved are you in making decisions related to the management of coral 

reefs in American Samoa?

Page 37: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherFamiliarity with MPA 

Page 38: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs protect coral reefs

Page 39: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs increase number of fishes

Page 40: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherThere should be more MPAs in American Samoa

Page 41: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherThere has been economic benefit to American 

Samoa from MPAs

Page 42: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherFishermen’s livelihoods have been negatively impacted from MPAs in American Samoa

Page 43: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs help increase tourism in American Samoa

Page 44: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherBan on “big fish”

Page 45: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherExpansion of Fagatele Bay

Page 46: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing community‐based village MPAs

Page 47: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing permanent no‐take MPAs

Page 48: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing areas with temporary fishing 

closures

Page 49: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of Swimming

Page 50: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of Snorkeling

Page 51: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of beach recreation

Page 52: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of fishing

Page 53: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of gathering marine resources

Page 54: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralOcean water quality

39%

26% 26%

16%

9% 11%

31%

51%58%

14% 14%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Urban Semi‐urban Rural

Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure

Page 55: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralAmount of coral

35%31% 31%

16%

9%11%

19%

33%

42%

14% 14%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Urban Semi‐urban Rural

Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure

Page 56: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralAmount of fish

27%24%

20%16%

9%11%

23%

40%

47%

14% 14%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Urban Semi‐urban Rural

Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure

Page 57: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralNumber of animals for gleaning

24% 24%20%

16%

9% 11%

28%

41%

52%

14% 14%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Urban Semi‐urban Rural

Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure

Page 58: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Summary of outcomes 78% of American Samoans eat fish/seafood once a week or 

more; most fishers (87%) do not sell the fish they catch

The majority of the population states that they are familiar with threats facing coral reefs (all threat types)

Residents are generally supportive of current marine management measures, particularly: 82% support community‐based village MPAs

78% support temporary fishing closures

American Samoan residents are trusting of and reliant on government information sources regarding coral reef topics

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Page 59: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Summary of outcomes There is little difference in the perceptions of those who fish 

vs. those who do not fish regarding MPAs and coral reef management measures Exception: Fishermen are more likely to disagree with the Sanctuary 

expansion, but 50% still state they are supportive

Recreational activities are more popular in semi‐urban regions

Resource extraction is more common in rural and semi‐urban regions

Perceptions of resource condition are worst in urban areas and best in rural areas

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Page 60: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)

Thank you

For more information, please contact:

Arielle Levine, Regional Social Scientist  ([email protected]

Fatima Sauafea‐Leau , NOAA PIRO  (Fatima.Sauafea‐[email protected]; 633‐3526)

http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/ncrmp_socio

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